WO2006098356A1 - 画像処理装置および画像処理方法、プログラム、並びに、記録媒体 - Google Patents
画像処理装置および画像処理方法、プログラム、並びに、記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
- H04N1/40—Picture signal circuits
- H04N1/407—Control or modification of tonal gradation or of extreme levels, e.g. background level
- H04N1/4072—Control or modification of tonal gradation or of extreme levels, e.g. background level dependent on the contents of the original
- H04N1/4074—Control or modification of tonal gradation or of extreme levels, e.g. background level dependent on the contents of the original using histograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/40—Image enhancement or restoration using histogram techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/90—Dynamic range modification of images or parts thereof
- G06T5/92—Dynamic range modification of images or parts thereof based on global image properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
- H04N23/76—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the image signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/14—Picture signal circuitry for video frequency region
- H04N5/20—Circuitry for controlling amplitude response
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10016—Video; Image sequence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30248—Vehicle exterior or interior
- G06T2207/30252—Vehicle exterior; Vicinity of vehicle
Definitions
- Image processing apparatus image processing method, program, and recording medium
- the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, an image processing method, a program, and a recording medium, and in particular, an image processing apparatus and an image processing method capable of obtaining an image with a wide dynamic range that is easy for a user to recognize.
- a program, and a recording medium A program, and a recording medium. Background art
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-32303
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional wide dynamic range camera that can obtain an image with a wide dynamic range by synthesizing images captured by a CCD at different shot times.
- the solid-state imaging device 11 captures a high-speed shotta image and a low-speed shotta image based on the control of the exposure control unit 21 of the control unit 14.
- the low-speed shot image is, for example, an image with a shot-ta speed of S1Z60
- the high-speed shot image is, for example, an image with a shot-ta speed of 1Z2000.
- the video signal obtained by the solid-state imaging device 11, that is, the low-speed shutter image Z is converted to analog / digital by A / D conversion 2, and the frame memory 31-1 or 31 of the digital processing unit 13 is converted. — Alternately written to 2.
- Frame memory 31 1
- the signal read from 31-2 is supplied to the synthesis processing circuit 32, where it is synthesized and then output through the process circuit 33.
- the control unit 14 is composed of a CPU 22 and an exposure control unit 21.
- the CPU 22 performs a calculation using the photometric data supplied from the digital processing unit 13, supplies the result to the exposure control unit 21 that controls the shutter speed and aperture of the solid-state imaging device 11, and outputs the result. Based on this, the digital processing unit 13 is controlled.
- a low-speed shotta captures a low brightness !, part (high brightness !, part is saturated) and captures a high-speed shotta.
- the high luminance part of the subject is captured (the low luminance part is dark and cannot be captured).
- the pixel value of the pixel in the bright area of the subject is limited to the maximum pixel value that can be output by the CCD image sensor.
- luminance clipping occurs that is limited to the minimum pixel value that can be output by the SCCD image sensor. Requires complex image composition processing.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and does not perform complicated processing. This makes it possible to obtain images with a wide dynamic range that can be easily recognized by the user.
- the image processing apparatus of the present invention includes an acquisition unit that acquires an image signal captured by an imaging element that outputs a pixel value that is substantially proportional to the logarithm of the amount of incident light, and the luminance of the image signal acquired by the acquisition unit.
- the brightness range setting means for setting multiple brightness ranges and the brightness range set by the brightness range setting means and those other than the brightness range are acquired so that the assignment of the number of gradation steps is different.
- Conversion means for converting the luminance of the pixels included in the image signal acquired by the means.
- the acquisition unit, the luminance range setting unit, or the conversion unit is configured by dedicated hardware or realized by a computer or the like that has read a program.
- the computer is, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), Consists of computing devices such as DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
- the number of gradation steps is the number of luminance gradation divisions.
- the conversion means may convert the luminance of the pixels included in the image signal acquired by the acquisition means so that more gradations than the luminance range are assigned to the luminance range. I'll do it.
- the luminance range setting means is calculated by a first average value calculating means for calculating an average of the luminance values of the pixels included in the image signal acquired by the acquiring means, and a first average value calculating means.
- the second luminance range setting means Second luminance range determining means for determining the luminance range of the second luminance range can be provided.
- the second luminance range determining means has a luminance range that is different from the first luminance range set by the first luminance range setting means and that has a higher luminance than the first luminance range.
- a second average value calculating means for calculating an average of the values can be further provided, and the second luminance range is determined based on the average value calculated by the second average value calculating means. You can rub it.
- the second luminance range determining means includes a luminance range of pixels having a luminance range different from the first luminance range set by the first luminance range setting means and lower than the first luminance range.
- a second average value calculating means for calculating an average of the values can be further provided, and the second luminance range is determined based on the average value calculated by the second average value calculating means. You can rub it.
- the brightness range setting means includes a first brightness range set by the first brightness range setting means and a range different from the second brightness range set by the second brightness range setting means. Further, a third luminance range determining means for determining the third luminance range can be further provided.
- the luminance range setting means can be instructed to determine three or more luminance ranges each having a different luminance range.
- the luminance range setting unit includes an extraction unit that extracts pixels included in a predetermined image area of the image signal from the pixel values acquired by the acquisition unit, and an image signal extracted by the extraction unit. Based on the first average value calculating means for calculating the average value of the luminance values of the pixels included in the predetermined image area and the average value of the luminance values calculated by the first average value calculating means, the first luminance value First luminance range setting means for setting a range, second luminance range determination means for determining a second luminance range in a range different from the first luminance range set by the first luminance range setting means, and Can be provided.
- a predetermined image area for example, the same subject is constantly imaged in the image signal.
- video should be captured and displayed by selecting the image part that is considered to be the image part that is supposed to be captured or the subject (eg, road surface) that is supposed to occupy the main part of the image.
- the screen can be prevented from flickering.
- the second luminance range determining means includes a luminance range of pixels that are different from the first luminance range set by the first luminance range setting means and have a higher luminance than the first luminance range.
- a second average value calculating means for calculating an average of the values can be further provided, and the second luminance range is determined based on the average value calculated by the second average value calculating means. You can rub it.
- the second luminance range determining means includes a luminance range of pixels having a luminance range different from the first luminance range set by the first luminance range setting means and lower than the first luminance range.
- a second average value calculating means for calculating an average of the values can be further provided, and the second luminance range is determined based on the average value calculated by the second average value calculating means. You can rub it.
- the brightness range setting means includes a first brightness range set by the first brightness range setting means and a range different from the second brightness range set by the second brightness range setting means. Further, a third luminance range determining means for determining the third luminance range can be further provided.
- the luminance range setting means can be instructed to determine three or more luminance ranges each having a different luminance range.
- the brightness range setting means is based on the histogram detection means for obtaining a histogram representing the distribution of luminance values of pixels included in the image signal acquired by the acquisition means, and the histogram detected by the histogram detection means.
- the number of pixels distributed in each luminance value Comparison means for comparing with a predetermined threshold value can be provided, and a plurality of luminance ranges can be set based on the comparison result by the comparison means.
- the threshold value may be, for example, a value obtained experimentally or empirically, or may be a value that can be set by the user.
- Operation input means for receiving user operation input can be further provided, and the luminance range setting means sets a plurality of luminance ranges based on user operation input input by the operation input means. You can make it.
- An operation input means for receiving a user's operation input can be further provided.
- the brightness range setting means includes a plurality of V based on the user's operation input input by the operation input means.
- a brightness range settable area setting means for setting a brightness range settable area; and a histogram detection means for obtaining a histogram representing a distribution of brightness values of pixels included in the brightness range settable area set by the brightness range settable area setting means
- a comparison means for comparing the number of pixels distributed in each luminance value with a predetermined threshold based on the histogram detected by the histogram detection means. Based on the results, multiple brightness ranges can be set.
- the luminance area of the pixel corresponding to the image information required by the user corresponds in advance to the image information required by the user depending on the power time.
- the luminance area of a pixel changes in several patterns, for example, even in the same luminance area, there is a lot of information in the daytime and little information in the evening, or in the evening or at night.
- the image signal is captured by a logarithmic conversion type image sensor that outputs a pixel value substantially proportional to the logarithm of the incident light amount using the sub-threshold characteristic of the semiconductor. it can.
- the image pickup device is capable of picking up an image of a subject with a wider dynamic range than a human eye.
- the conversion means can be configured to set the conversion characteristics such that the number of gradation steps is not assigned other than the brightness range set by the brightness range setting means.
- an intermediate area is set near the boundary of the luminance range set by the luminance range setting means, and a gradation step of a portion excluding the intermediate area in the luminance range set by the luminance range setting means.
- the number of gradation steps in the part other than the brightness range that is assigned by the brightness range setting means and that is not the middle area is assigned the second largest number of gradation steps in the middle area. It is possible to set the conversion characteristics so that the minimum is possible.
- This intermediate area may be a predetermined luminance range centered on the boundary of the luminance range set by the luminance range setting means !, and the luminance value near the pixel corresponding to the boundary of the luminance range is set. It may be a luminance range corresponding to a predetermined number of pixels.
- the intermediate area may be set so as to straddle the boundary of the brightness range set by the brightness range setting means, or may be set more than the boundary of the brightness range set by the brightness range setting means. Further, it may be set to an area outside the brightness range set by the brightness range setting means and closest to the set brightness range.
- the conversion means may be configured to set conversion characteristics so that the number of gradation steps is not assigned to a portion that is outside the luminance range set by the luminance range setting means and is not an intermediate area. You can rub.
- the image processing method of the present invention is an image processing method of an image processing apparatus that processes an image signal picked up by an image pickup device that outputs a pixel value that is substantially proportional to the logarithm of the incident light amount.
- the acquisition step for acquiring the image signal, the luminance range setting step for setting a plurality of luminance ranges among the luminance ranges of the image signal acquired by the processing of the acquisition step, and the processing of the luminance range setting step A conversion step for converting the luminance of the pixels included in the image signal acquired by the processing of the acquisition step so that the allocation of the luminance gradation step number is different between the luminance range and the range other than the luminance range.
- the image signal for example, can be taken by a logarithmic conversion type imaging device that outputs a pixel value that is substantially proportional to the logarithm of the incident light amount by utilizing the subthreshold characteristic of the semiconductor. .
- the image sensor is, for example, HDRC (High Dynamic Range CMOS (Complementary Metal
- Such an image pickup device can pick up an image of a subject with a wider dynamic range than human eyes.
- the program of the present invention and the program recorded on the recording medium are used for causing a computer to process an image signal captured by an image sensor that outputs a pixel value substantially proportional to the logarithm of the incident light amount.
- An acquisition control step for controlling acquisition of an image signal; a luminance range setting step for setting a plurality of luminance ranges among the luminance ranges of the image signal whose acquisition is controlled by the processing of the acquisition control step; The luminance of the pixels included in the image signal acquired by the acquisition step process is set so that the allocation of the luminance gradation step number differs between the luminance range set by the range setting step process and the non-luminance range.
- a computer is caused to execute a process characterized by including a conversion step for conversion.
- the image signal for example, can be taken by a logarithmic conversion type image pickup device that outputs a pixel value substantially proportional to the logarithm of the incident light amount by utilizing the subthreshold characteristic of the semiconductor. .
- the image sensor is, for example, HDRC (High Dynamic Range CMOS (Complementary Metal
- Such an image sensor can capture a subject with a wider dynamic range than the human eye.
- the luminance range of the image signal captured by the image sensor that outputs a pixel value that is substantially proportional to the logarithm of the incident light amount.
- a plurality of luminance ranges are set, and the luminances of the pixels included in the image signal are converted so that gradations different from those other than the luminance ranges are assigned to the luminance ranges.
- the set luminance range is, for example,
- the luminance range including the average luminance
- Luminance range that is determined based on the image part that is supposed to capture the same subject in the image signal and the image part that seems to occupy the main part of the image.
- a luminance range including a luminance having a certain number of pixels in a captured image, a luminance range predetermined by the user,
- a captured image signal can be processed for display or output, and in particular, an image with a wide dynamic range that can be easily recognized by a user without performing complicated processing. Can do.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the operating principle of a conventional wide dynamic range camera.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an image processing system of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the imaging device in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing sensitivity characteristics of a logarithmic conversion type image sensor.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a first configuration example of an image generation unit.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram for explaining the conversion of the output level with respect to the input level.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram for explaining the conversion of the output level with respect to the input level.
- FIG. 6C is a diagram for explaining the conversion of the output level with respect to the input level.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram for explaining conversion of an output level with respect to an input level.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram for explaining the conversion of the output level with respect to the input level.
- FIG. 7C is a diagram for explaining the conversion of the output level with respect to the input level.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining an input signal, a signal after gradation conversion, and a signal to be displayed.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for describing an input signal, a signal after gradation conversion, and a signal to be displayed.
- FIG. 8C is a diagram for explaining an input signal, a signal after gradation conversion, and a signal to be displayed.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining image display processing 1.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a difference in display images.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a difference in display images.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a difference in display images.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a display image.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating a second configuration example of the image generation unit.
- FIG. 15A is a diagram for explaining the conversion of the output level with respect to the input level.
- FIG. 15B is a diagram for explaining the conversion of the output level with respect to the input level.
- FIG. 15C is a diagram for explaining the conversion of the output level with respect to the input level.
- FIG. 16A is a diagram for explaining an input signal, a signal after gradation conversion, and a signal to be displayed.
- FIG. 16B is a diagram for explaining an input signal, a signal after gradation conversion, and a signal to be displayed.
- FIG. 16C is a diagram for describing an input signal, a signal after gradation conversion, and a signal to be displayed.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart for explaining image display processing 2;
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a display image.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a display image.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a third configuration example of the image generation unit.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating a fourth configuration example of the image generation unit.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining the cutout region.
- FIG. 23 is a flowchart for explaining image display processing 3;
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating a fifth configuration example of the image generation unit.
- FIG. 25 is a flowchart for explaining image display processing 4.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating a sixth configuration example of the image generation unit.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram illustrating a seventh configuration example of the image generation unit.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining histogram analysis and luminance range setting.
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart for explaining image display processing 5;
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating an eighth configuration example of an image generation unit.
- FIG. 31 is a flowchart for explaining image display processing 6;
- FIG. 32 is a block diagram illustrating a ninth configuration example of the image generation unit.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram for explaining histogram analysis and luminance range setting.
- FIG. 34 is a flowchart for explaining image display processing 7;
- FIG. 35 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a personal computer.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the image processing device 81.
- the imaging unit 91 images a subject based on a user operation input supplied from the operation input unit 92 and supplies the obtained image signal to the image generation unit 93. Details of the imaging unit 91 will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the operation input unit 92 includes, for example, an input device such as a button such as a relays button, operation keys, and a touch panel, receives a user operation input, and supplies a command from the user to the imaging unit 91.
- the user's operation input is, for example, an instruction for starting or ending not only an imaging timing command (pressing a relay button, etc.) but also a moving image imaging (in other words, continuous frame imaging), for example. In some cases, it may be the setting of the start or end time of imaging.
- the operation input unit 92 receives an input of a predetermined set value used for processing of the image generation unit 93 by the user, the operation input unit 92 supplies the set value to the image generation unit 93.
- the image generation unit 93 executes a process of converting the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91 into an image signal suitable for display or print output, and supplies the image signal to the display control unit 94 or the output control unit 95.
- the image generation unit 93 receives input of setting values necessary for processing from the operation input unit 92 as necessary, and based on this, the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91 is displayed or printed. A process of converting to a suitable image signal is executed.
- the display control unit 94 displays the processed image signal supplied from the image generation unit 93 as a display.
- the resolution is converted into the resolution and the number of gradations, and the processed signal is supplied to the display 82.
- the output control unit 95 performs a process of converting the processed image signal supplied from the image generation unit 93 into a resolution and the number of gradations that can be processed by an output destination device such as a printer, for example.
- the processed signal is output to an external device such as a printer (not shown).
- the display 82 receives an input of a display image signal supplied from the display control unit 94, and displays an image (a still image or a moving image including a plurality of frames).
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a more detailed configuration example of the imaging unit 91 of the image processing apparatus 81 in FIG.
- the imaging unit 91 is configured to include a lens 101 and a logarithmic conversion type imaging device 102.
- the logarithmic conversion type imaging device 102 is a logarithmic conversion type imaging device such as HDRC (High Dynamic Range CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)), for example, and includes a light detection unit 111, a logarithmic conversion unit 112, an AZD conversion unit 113, And an imaging timing control unit 114.
- HDRC High Dynamic Range CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)
- the light that is also generated by the subject imaged by the imaging unit 91 enters the lens 101, and the light (not shown) of the light detection unit 111 of the logarithmic conversion type imaging device 102 An image is formed on the detection surface.
- the light detection unit 111 is configured by, for example, a light-receiving element that has power, such as a plurality of photodiodes.
- the light detection unit 111 converts the light of the subject imaged by the lens 101 into a charge corresponding to the brightness (illuminance) of the incident light, and accumulates the converted charge.
- the light detection unit 111 supplies the accumulated charge to the logarithmic conversion unit 112 in synchronization with the control signal supplied from the imaging timing control unit 114.
- the logarithmic conversion unit 112 is configured by, for example, a plurality of MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors).
- the logarithmic conversion unit 112 uses the sub-threshold characteristic of the MOSFET to convert the charge supplied from the light detection unit 111 to the logarithm of the number of charges (the intensity of current) for each pixel (the logarithm of the amount of light of the subject).
- An analog electrical signal converted to a voltage value approximately proportional to is generated.
- the logarithmic conversion unit 112 supplies the generated analog electrical signal to the AZD conversion unit 113.
- the AZD conversion unit 113 is synchronized with the control signal supplied from the imaging timing control unit 114. Convert analog electrical signals to digital image data. For example, when converted to 24-bit unsigned binary digital image data, the pixel value of the image data takes a value in the range from 0, the darkest to 224-1, which is the darkest. The AZD conversion unit 113 supplies the converted digital image data to the image processing device 92.
- the imaging unit 91 outputs digital image data having a pixel value power proportional to the logarithm of the brightness (incident light amount) of the light incident on the light detection unit 111.
- the details of the logarithmic conversion type image sensor are disclosed in, for example, JP-T-7-506932.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing sensitivity characteristics of the logarithmic conversion type imaging device 102, a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) imaging device, a silver salt film, and the human eye.
- the horizontal axis in Fig. 4 shows the logarithmic value of the illuminance of incident light (unit: lux), and the vertical axis shows the sensitivity to the illuminance of incident light.
- Line 121 shows the sensitivity characteristic of the logarithmic conversion image sensor 102
- line 122 shows the sensitivity characteristic of the CCD image sensor
- line 123 shows the sensitivity characteristic of the silver salt film
- line 124 shows the sensitivity characteristic of the human eye.
- the logarithmic conversion type image pickup element 102 outputs image data composed of luminance values (or pixel values) substantially proportional to the logarithm of the incident light quantity. Therefore, even when the incident light quantity increases, The capacitance of elements such as photodiodes and MOSFETs constituting the logarithmic conversion type image sensor 102 is saturated, and the current flowing through each element and the applied voltage exceed the range in which output corresponding to the input of each element can be performed. There is nothing. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a luminance value (or a pixel value) according to the variation in the amount of incident light almost accurately within the range of luminance that can be imaged.
- the intensity of the incident light intensity of the subject force is wider than the human eye, for example, about 170 dB dynamic range from about 1 millilux to about 500 kilolux higher than the brightness of sunlight. It is possible to capture an image consisting of a luminance value (or pixel value) that accurately reflects.
- the dynamic range of the logarithmic image sensor 102 used in the imaging unit 91 is not limited to the above-mentioned 170 dB, and the required dynamic range such as about 100 dB or 200 dB is used depending on the purpose of use. If you use something that corresponds to
- the logarithmic conversion type image pickup element 102 outputs image data having a pixel value having a value approximately proportional to the logarithm of the incident light quantity, thereby forming the logarithmic conversion type image pickup element 102.
- the subject Without saturating the capacitance of MOSFETs and MOSFETs, the subject has a dynamic range of about 170 dB up to about 500 k lux, which is wider than the eyes of a CCD image sensor, silver film, and about 1 millilux force, which is higher than the brightness of sunlight. Can be imaged.
- the imaging unit 91 using the logarithmic conversion type imaging device 102 does not generate luminance clipping in the luminance range that can be visually recognized by humans, and therefore adjusts the amount of incident light by adjusting the aperture, shirt speed, and the like. There is no need. That is, the imaging unit 91 can faithfully capture a detailed change in luminance of the subject without adjusting the amount of incident light.
- the imaging unit 91 when imaging the front of the vehicle from the inside of the vehicle in the daytime, the imaging unit 91 faithfully reproduces the state of the sun and the road ahead without adjusting the amount of incident light even if the sun is within the angle of view. It is possible to capture a reproducible image.
- the imaging unit 91 when imaging the front of the vehicle from inside the vehicle at night, the imaging unit 91 does not adjust the amount of incident light and adjusts itself from the light of the headlight of the oncoming vehicle, even if the headlight of the oncoming vehicle is also illuminated. It is possible to capture an image that faithfully reproduces even the part not illuminated by the car headlight.
- the logarithmic conversion is performed in comparison with the case where the sensitivity characteristic is not proportional to the logarithm of the illuminance of incident light due to factors such as the gamma characteristic.
- the sensitivity characteristic is almost proportional to the logarithm of the illuminance of incident light.
- the image pickup unit 91 using the logarithmic conversion type image pickup element 102 is not affected by the occurrence of luminance clipping, adjustment of the amount of incident light, and gamma characteristics.
- the pixel value fluctuates so as to reflect the change in luminance of the subject and the movement of the subject almost faithfully.
- the pixel value of the image data output from the imaging unit 91 is a value that is approximately proportional to the logarithm of the incident light quantity, so that regardless of the brightness (illuminance) of the light irradiated to the subject.
- the distribution of pixel values in the image data obtained by imaging the subject reflects the reflectance distribution of the subject in a similar manner.
- the ratio between the maximum and minimum reflectance is 10: 1
- the pixel value of the image data is
- the difference in the histogram width indicating the pixel value distribution of the first and second image data is about 100 times.
- the variation values of the pixel values of the image data obtained by imaging the subject are substantially the same. For example, if there are two areas with a luminance ratio of 100: 1 in the subject, the illuminance of the light radiated to the subject changes almost uniformly, and the subject's luminance changes by + 5%, which is about the same ratio. When this is done, the fluctuation values of the pixel values corresponding to the two areas are almost the same value (log 1.05).
- the difference between the fluctuation values of the pixel values corresponding to the two areas described above is about 100 times.
- the logarithmic conversion type image sensor 102 has the sensitivity of the human eye (characteristic shown by the line 124 in FIG. 4), the sensitivity of the CCD image sensor (in FIG. 4). Compared to the characteristics shown by line 122) and the sensitivity of the silver salt film (characteristic shown by line 123 in Fig. 4), the brightness range is very wide. For this reason, when all gradations of image data captured by the imaging unit 91 using the logarithmic conversion type image sensor 102 are converted into gradations corresponding to the display 82 and displayed, they are visible to the human eye. Compared to images and images taken using a conventional CCD image sensor or silver halide film, there is no difference in density, in other words, an image without sharpness.
- the force-captured image data is obtained by faithfully capturing both a very dark part and a very bright part.
- the display 82 is displayed with the gradation converted based on the number of gradations that can be displayed, both the captured and very bright parts and the very bright parts are referred to the displayed image by the user.
- the central portion of the entire gradation that can be identified by the user is displayed with a small difference in shading.
- the captured image data is converted to the number of gradations that can be processed by the output destination device, the printed image will be Similarly, visible to the human Compared to images and images captured using a conventional CCD image sensor or silver salt film, there is no difference in shading, in other words, an image without sharpness.
- the luminance range that can be obtained by converting the entire luminance range of an image captured by the imaging unit 91 using the logarithmic conversion type imaging element 102 into a gradation that can be displayed on the display 82 is not obtained. If the highest and lowest luminance values of the pixels included in the obtained image are extracted and the luminance range between them is converted to a gradation that can be displayed by the display 82, it is included in one image.
- the quality of the displayed image is clearly improved when the brightness range to be displayed is relatively narrow.
- the user's ability to refer to the displayed image can be used for both the very dark and very bright images. Is indistinguishable, resulting in a display image with a small difference in shading in the central part of the overall gradation that can be identified by the user.
- the image generation unit 93 when the image data captured by the imaging unit 91 using the logarithmic conversion type image sensor 102 is supplied and displayed at a gradation corresponding to the display 82, or Image processing that can generate image data that can be displayed or printed out in a state that can be identified by the user even when output at a gradation corresponding to the external device of the output destination Is executed.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image generation unit 93-1 which is a first example of the configuration of the image generation unit 93 in FIG.
- the average luminance calculation unit 131 acquires the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, calculates the average luminance, and supplies the average luminance calculation result to the main region luminance range setting unit 132.
- the main area luminance range setting unit 132 sets the luminance range of the main area based on the average luminance of the image signal supplied from the average luminance calculation unit 131, and outputs the set luminance range of the main area as an output level.
- a conversion processing unit 135 and a second luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 133 are supplied.
- the main area luminance range setting unit 132 may use a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of the image signal as the main area luminance range, for example, and the pixel that is the average luminance of the image signal. A pixel with a predetermined number of bits in order from the center having a luminance value close to this luminance May be selected as the luminance range of the main area.
- the second luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 133 has a higher luminance range than the luminance range of the main region set by the main region luminance range setting unit 132 out of the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91.
- the average brightness of the pixels is calculated, and the calculation result is supplied to the second brightness area brightness range setting unit 134.
- the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 134 is based on the average luminance of the pixels in the higher luminance range than the luminance range of the supplied main area.
- the brightness range of the second brightness area is set, and the set brightness range of the second brightness area is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 135.
- the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 134 sets a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of pixels in a higher luminance range than the luminance range of the main area to the luminance range of the second luminance area.
- a pixel having a predetermined number of bits may be selected in order from a pixel having a luminance value close to this luminance around a pixel having an average luminance of pixels in a luminance range higher than the luminance range of the main region.
- the luminance range of the second luminance region may be used.
- the output level conversion processing unit 135 acquires the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91 and is supplied from the main region luminance range setting unit 132 and the second luminance region luminance average value calculation unit 133. The output level of the acquired image signal is converted based on the information on the luminance range of the main area and the luminance range of the second luminance area.
- the output level conversion processing unit 135 outputs an output level signal having a predetermined number of steps (in the case where the luminance is divided by a predetermined number of gradation steps) with respect to the level of the input luminance signal. (Brightness gradation level signal) is assigned, and the assigned output level signal is output.
- the output level conversion processing unit 187 assigns the luminance gradation level of the output level signal differently between the luminance range set as the main region and the second luminance region and the other range. Shall. That is, the output level conversion processing unit 187 assigns a larger number of output level steps to the luminance ranges set as the main region and the second luminance region, and the number of gradations of pixels in the corresponding luminance range increases. A conversion process like this is executed. In this way, the luminance corresponding to the main area and the second luminance area in the displayed or printed image. Range partial power More user-recognizable.
- the output level conversion processing unit 135 divides and assigns all the gradation step numbers to the input signals included in the luminance range of the main area and the luminance range of the second luminance area, for example.
- the output level is lower for a range of brightness that is lower than the main area, a brightness range between the main area and the second brightness area, and a range that is higher than the second brightness area. It is possible to do so without assigning the number of steps.
- the output of the pixel whose luminance input level is lower than the luminance range of the main area is output.
- the level is 0 (ie black).
- a pixel within the luminance range of the main area is assigned an output level of a predetermined gradation according to the input level.
- the pixels in the luminance range between the main area and the second luminance area are output at the maximum value of the output level assigned to the luminance range of the main area regardless of the input level.
- the pixels in the second luminance area have the same or substantially the same number of steps as the main area, and the overall output level is determined from the maximum output level assigned to the luminance range of the main area according to the input level.
- a gray level output level up to the maximum value of the bell is assigned.
- a pixel having a higher luminance than the second luminance area is assigned the maximum value of the output level assigned to the second luminance area, that is, the maximum value of the entire output level, regardless of the input level.
- the output level conversion processing unit 135, assigns a predetermined number of steps of the output level to the main area and the second luminance area, and between the main area and the second luminance area.
- the number of steps is less than the number of steps assigned to the main area or the second luminance area (in other words, the gradation width is narrower than the main area or the second luminance range). Can be assigned to the lower brightness range than the main area and the higher brightness range than the second brightness area without assigning the number of output level steps.
- the output of a pixel having a luminance lower than the luminance range of the main region is output.
- the value is 0.
- a pixel within the luminance range of the main area is assigned an output level of a predetermined gradation according to the input level.
- the main area and the second For the pixels in the luminance range between the luminance regions, the output level corresponding to the input level is assigned with a smaller number of steps than the number of steps assigned to the luminance range of the main region.
- the pixels in the second luminance area have the same or approximately the same number of steps as the main area, and the maximum output level assigned to the luminance range between the main area and the second luminance area according to the input level. Also, the output level is assigned up to the gradation that is the maximum value of the entire value. Then, the maximum value of the output level assigned to the second luminance area, that is, the maximum output level is assigned to the pixels having higher luminance than the second luminance area, regardless of the input level.
- the output level conversion processing unit 13 sets a predetermined luminance range centered on the upper limit value of the luminance of the main area as a section (X, a predetermined value centered on the lower limit value of the luminance of the second luminance area).
- the luminance range of the output level is assumed to be section ⁇ , and a predetermined number of steps of the output level is assigned to pixels other than section ⁇ or section j8 in the main area or the second brightness area, and section ⁇ or section ⁇ is assigned. Assign a smaller number of steps than the number of steps assigned to sections other than section a or section ⁇ of the main area and the second brightness area, and lower brightness than the main area and higher brightness than the second brightness area.
- the input level is reduced with a smaller number of steps than the number of steps assigned to the interval ⁇ .
- the power that is assigned to the output level according to the power level or the maximum value of the output level that is assigned to the section OL is assigned regardless of the input level.
- the pixels in section / 3 have a predetermined number greater than the maximum value of the output level in the luminance range lower than section ⁇ , with the number of steps smaller than the number of steps assigned to the part other than section a of the main area.
- the output level force of the gray scale is assigned with the same or approximately the same number of steps as the section OC. Then, for pixels other than section ⁇ within the brightness range of the second brightness area, output of gradations up to the maximum output level of the entire maximum value assigned to section j8 according to the input level. A level is assigned.
- the pixels other than the section j8 within the brightness range of the second luminance area have the same or substantially the same number of steps as the portions other than the section a in the main area, that is, than the sections a and j8.
- Output levels with many steps are assigned.
- a pixel having a higher luminance than the second luminance region is assigned the maximum output level assigned to the second luminance region, that is, the maximum output level, regardless of the input level. .
- a predetermined luminance range centered on the upper limit value of luminance in the main area is defined as section a
- a predetermined luminance range centered on the lower limit value of brightness in the second luminance area is defined as section ⁇ .
- the upper limit predetermined section in the luminance range of the main area is defined as section (X
- the predetermined section on the lower limit side in the luminance range of the second luminance area is defined as section ⁇
- the luminance range of the main area is A predetermined section with higher brightness than the upper limit may be set as section (X, and a predetermined section with lower brightness than the lower limit of the brightness range of the second brightness area may be set as section ⁇ . It is possible to set an area to which the same number of output level steps as the section oc and the section ⁇ are assigned on the lower limit side and the upper limit side of the brightness of the second brightness area.
- all the pixels having luminance less than or equal to the luminance range of the main region are assumed to be output 0 (black), and the range of luminance exceeding the luminance range of the second luminance region. All pixels have the same output level (maximum output level) as the highest brightness in the brightness range of the second brightness area, but below the brightness range of the main area and in the brightness range of the second brightness area. In each of the above luminance ranges, a certain number of output level steps may be assigned.
- the output level can be converted with respect to the bell.
- the output level of a predetermined gradation is assigned to the pixels within the main region luminance range according to the input level.
- the pixels in the luminance range between the main area and the second luminance area are output at the maximum output level assigned to the main area regardless of the input level.
- the output level of a predetermined gradation is the same as or substantially the same as that of the main area from the maximum value of the output level assigned to the main area according to the input level. Assigned by the number of steps. For pixels with higher luminance than the second luminance region, the main region and the second region from the maximum value of the output level assigned to the luminance range of the second luminance region to the maximum output level. The output level corresponding to the input level is assigned so that the number of steps is smaller than the number of steps assigned to the luminance area.
- the output level conversion processing unit 135 can convert the output level with respect to the input level, for example, as shown in FIG. 7B. That is, in a pixel whose luminance input level is lower than the luminance range of the main area, corresponding to the input level, from 0 (i.e., black) to an output level of a predetermined number of steps smaller than the number of steps assigned to the main area. Is assigned. Then, an output level of a predetermined gradation is assigned to the pixels within the main region luminance range according to the input level. In addition, for the pixels in the luminance range between the main area and the second luminance area, the output level corresponding to the input level is assigned with a smaller number of steps than the number of steps assigned to the main area.
- the maximum power of the output level assigned to the luminance range between the main region and the second luminance region is also applied to the pixels in the second luminance region.
- the number of steps is assigned with the same or approximately the same number as the main area. For pixels with higher brightness than the second brightness area, the steps assigned to the main area from the maximum output level assigned to the brightness range of the second brightness area to the maximum output level.
- the output level corresponding to the input level is assigned so that the number of steps is less than the number.
- the output level can be converted.
- 0 that is, black
- an output level of a predetermined number of steps which is smaller than the number of steps assigned to the main area. Then, an output level of a predetermined gradation is assigned to the pixels within the main region luminance range and other than the section ⁇ according to the input level. Also, the number of steps assigned to the pixels in section ⁇ is smaller than the number of steps assigned to the part other than section ⁇ in the main area, and the maximum output level assigned to the part other than section ⁇ in the main area. A large predetermined gradation output level is assigned.
- the input level is reduced with the number of steps smaller than the number of steps assigned to the interval a.
- the power that is assigned to the output level according to the value, or the maximum value of the output level that is assigned to the section OL regardless of the input level is assigned.
- the pixels in section / 3 have a predetermined number greater than the maximum value of the output level in the luminance range lower than section ⁇ , with the number of steps smaller than the number of steps assigned to the part other than section a in the main area.
- the output level of the gradation is assigned.
- the maximum output power of the gradation assigned to the section j8 also has an output level of a predetermined gradation according to the input level. It is assigned with the same or approximately the same number of steps as the luminance range other than section OC.
- the output level corresponding to the input level is assigned so that the number of steps is less than the number of steps assigned to this part.
- the predetermined luminance range centered on the upper limit value of the luminance of the main area is also represented by section a
- the predetermined luminance range centered on the lower limit value of the luminance of the second luminance area is represented by section ⁇ .
- a predetermined section on the upper limit side within the main area luminance range is defined as section (X
- a predetermined section on the lower limit side within the luminance range of the second luminance area is defined as section ⁇
- the upper limit of the main area luminance range is set. It is also possible to set a predetermined section with higher brightness than section ex and a predetermined section with lower brightness than the lower limit of the brightness range of the second brightness area as section 13.
- the lower limit of brightness of the main area side It is also possible to set an area where the same number of output level steps as those in section a and section ⁇ are assigned on the upper limit side of the brightness of the second brightness area.
- the output level conversion processing unit 13 for example, in the luminance range other than the luminance region than the ratio of the output level to the input level in the main region and the second luminance region (straight line).
- the number of gradation steps assigned to each luminance region may be determined so that the ratio of the output level to the input level is low.
- the main area and the second luminance area set in the image generation unit 93-1 are set based on a captured image that is not within a predetermined luminance range.
- the image generated by the image generation unit 93-1 includes a luminance range that is most important for the user to recognize the image, such as a subject that occupies most of the screen, among the captured images, and the like. In the luminance range higher than the luminance range, it occupies most of the luminance range, so that many of the limited number of gradations are assigned to the luminance range.
- Fig. 8 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is for the input signal when the tone conversion described with reference to Fig. 6 is performed, the signal after the tone conversion by the output level conversion processing unit 135, and for display or printing. It is a figure which shows the brightness
- the signals of the main area and the second luminance area which are discrete luminance ranges, are applied to each luminance gradation width (the number of steps between the maximum and minimum values of the gradation in the area). ) Is given enough, it is converted to continuous luminance gradation. All pixels in the luminance range between the main area and the second luminance area are output at the maximum output level of the main area.
- the converted signal is subjected to gradation conversion (the number of gradations is compressed) according to display or print output conditions.
- the display control unit 94 is a signal supplied from the image generation unit 93-1, that is, Then, the signal after gradation conversion by the output level conversion processing unit 135 is converted into a signal of 256 gradations.
- FIG. 8B shows an input signal when the gradation conversion described with reference to FIG. 6B is performed, a signal after gradation conversion by the output level conversion processing unit 135, and display or printing. It is a figure which shows the brightness
- the gradation between the main area and the second luminance area is provided with a smaller number of steps than the main area and the second luminance area. For this reason, the converted signal has a smaller number of steps in the area between the main area and the second luminance area, and the number of gradations of the luminance is significantly compressed compared to the input signal. A sufficient luminance gradation width is given to the signals in the second luminance region. Then, the converted signal is subjected to gradation conversion (the number of gradations is compressed) in accordance with display or print output conditions.
- FIG. 8C shows an input signal when the gradation conversion described with reference to FIG. 6C is performed, a signal after gradation conversion by the output level conversion processing unit 135, and display or printing. It is a figure which shows the brightness
- the number of gradation steps assigned to luminance is changed gently according to the above-described interval a and interval j8. In other words, in the section a and the section ⁇ 8, gradations with a smaller number of steps are given than in the main area and the second luminance area.
- the converted signal the number of gradations of luminance is greatly compressed compared to the input signal in a state where a sufficient luminance gradation width is given to the main area and the second luminance area. Then, the converted signal is subjected to gradation conversion (the number of gradations is compressed) according to the display or print output conditions.
- step S1 the imaging unit 91 captures an image of a subject based on the user's operation input supplied from the operation input unit 92, logarithmically converted, and AZD converted captured image signal. — Supply to 1.
- the image generator 93-1 acquires the captured image signal.
- step S2 the average luminance calculation unit 131 of the image generation unit 93-1 calculates the average luminance of the entire captured image, and supplies the calculation result to the main region luminance range setting unit 132.
- step S3 the main area luminance range setting unit 132 sets the luminance range of the main area based on the average luminance of the entire image supplied from the average luminance calculation unit 131, and sets the set luminance range of the main area. Are supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 135 and the second luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 133.
- the main area luminance range setting unit 132 may use, for example, a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of the image signal as the luminance range of the main area, and the pixel that is the average luminance of the image signal. As a center, a pixel having a predetermined number of bits may be selected in order from a pixel having a luminance value close to the luminance, and the luminance range of the main region may be selected.
- step S4 the second luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 133 uses the luminance range of the main area set by the main area luminance range setting unit 132 in the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91. The average brightness of the bright area is obtained, and the result is supplied to the second brightness area brightness range setting unit 134.
- step S5 the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 134 is based on the average luminance of the area brighter than the luminance range of the main area supplied from the second luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 133. Then, the brightness range of the second brightness area is set, and the set brightness range of the second brightness area is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 135.
- the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 134 uses a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of pixels in a higher luminance range than the luminance range of the main area as the luminance range of the second luminance area.
- a pixel having a predetermined number of bits may be selected in order from a pixel having a luminance value close to this luminance around a pixel having an average luminance of pixels in a luminance range higher than the luminance range of the main region.
- the luminance range of the second luminance region may be used.
- step S 6 the output level conversion processing unit 135 is set by the luminance range of the main area set by the main area luminance range setting unit 1 32 and the second luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 133. Based on the luminance range of the second luminance region, for example, the conversion characteristics between the input level and the output level as described with reference to FIG. 6 or FIG. 7 are determined.
- step S7 the output level conversion processing unit 135 converts the gradation of the captured image supplied from the imaging unit 91 based on the conversion characteristics determined in step S6, and displays it. This is supplied to the controller 94.
- step S8 the display control unit 94 converts the supplied image signal into a gradation suitable for the display element as described with reference to FIG.
- step S9 the display control unit 94 supplies the display 82 with the image signal converted to the gradation suitable for the display element, controls the display of the image, and the process is terminated.
- a wide dynamic range image picked up by the image pickup unit 91 using the logarithmic conversion type image pickup device 102 is processed using the image processing device 81 having the image generation unit 93-1, and then displayed and output.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of the display image in the case where the image of the tas range is not processed using the image processing device 81 having the image generation unit 93-1.
- a wide dynamics range image captured with the imaging unit 91 using the logarithmic conversion type image sensor 102 does not cause overexposure or blackout, but the display device processes a very wide dynamics range. Because it converts to a possible gradation, an image with no difference in density (not sharp) is displayed.
- the number of gradations of an image that can be displayed by a general display device can be displayed faithfully. It's not so wide. Specifically, for example, in the case where the pixels displayed as different gradations in the image captured by the CCD exposed on the basis of the brightness of the road surface in FIG. 10, the same gradation or CCD It is displayed with a smaller number of tones than when using.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a display image when an image captured by normal exposure control is displayed by a conventional CCD camera.
- the exposure of a CCD camera is set based on the brightness of the road surface in the tunnel, which occupies a large part of the image to be captured, as shown in FIG. Images outside the tunnel that are extremely brighter than the inside road will cause over-exposure. Note that when the exposure time is set very short, the part outside the tunnel does not cause overexposure as shown in Fig. 11, but the brightness is significantly lower than the part outside the tunnel. Blackening occurs in the part of the tunnel, making it difficult to identify the corresponding part of the display image.
- the display image when processed using the image processing device 81 having the image generation unit 93-1 is the main image of the captured image, compared to the case described with reference to FIG. 10 or FIG.
- the main part (here, the road part of the car) and the main part of the discrete brightness range (here, the part outside the tunnel) are displayed so that the user can easily recognize them.
- the image generation unit 93-1 described above is provided for the luminance range of the main region and the luminance range of the second luminance region, which is the main part of the luminance range higher than the luminance range of the main region.
- the set luminance range is not two of the luminance range of the main region and the luminance range of the second luminance region.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image generation unit 93-2 that is a second example of the configuration of the image generation unit 93 of FIG.
- the image generation unit 93-2 includes the luminance range of the second luminance area, which is the main part of the luminance range higher than the luminance range of the main area, and the luminance range of the main area.
- the image generation unit 93-2 in FIG. 14 has an average luminance calculation unit 131 and a main region luminance range setting unit 132 that are basically the same as the image generation unit 93-1 described with reference to FIG.
- the second luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 133 and the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 134 of the image generation unit 93-1 are omitted, and the high luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 161, the high luminance A region luminance range setting unit 162, a low luminance region luminance average value calculating unit 163, and a low luminance region luminance range setting unit 164 are newly provided.
- an output level conversion processing unit 165 is provided instead of the output level conversion processing unit 135, an output level conversion processing unit 165 is provided. Is provided.
- the high-brightness area luminance average value calculation unit 161 acquires the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, and among the acquired image signals, the main area luminance range setting unit 132 sets the main area. The average luminance of the pixels in the higher luminance range than the luminance range is calculated, and the calculation result is supplied to the high luminance region luminance range setting unit 162.
- the high luminance area luminance range setting unit 162 has higher luminance than the main area based on the average luminance of the pixels in the higher luminance range than the main area luminance range supplied from the high luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 161. Set the brightness range of the second brightness area, and set the second brightness area The luminance range is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 165.
- the high luminance area luminance range setting unit 162 sets a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of pixels in a luminance range higher than the luminance range of the main area as the luminance range of the second luminance area. It is also possible to select a pixel having a predetermined number of bits in order from the pixel having a luminance value close to this luminance around the pixel that is the average luminance of the pixels in the luminance range higher than the luminance range of the main area.
- the luminance range of the luminance region may be the same.
- the low-luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 163 acquires the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, and among the acquired image signals, the main area luminance range setting unit 132 sets the main area. The average luminance of the pixels in the luminance range lower than the luminance range is calculated, and the calculation result is supplied to the low luminance region luminance range setting unit 164.
- the low luminance area luminance range setting unit 164 has a luminance lower than that of the main area based on the average luminance of the pixels in the luminance range lower than the luminance range of the main area supplied from the low luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 163.
- the luminance range of the third luminance area is set, and the set luminance range of the third luminance area is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 165.
- the low luminance area luminance range setting unit 164 sets, for example, a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of pixels in a luminance range lower than the luminance range of the main area as the luminance range of the third luminance area. It is also possible to select pixels having a predetermined number of bits in order from the pixel having the luminance value close to this luminance around the pixel that is the average luminance of the pixels in the luminance range lower than the luminance range of the main region. It is good also as a local luminance range.
- the output level conversion processing unit 165 acquires the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, and obtains the main region luminance range setting unit 132, the high luminance region luminance range setting unit 162, and the low luminance region luminance. Based on the information on the luminance range of the main area, the luminance range of the second luminance area, and the luminance range of the third luminance area supplied from the range setting unit 164, the output level of the acquired image signal is converted. .
- the output level conversion processing unit 165 can convert the output level with respect to the input level, for example, as shown in FIG. 15A.
- the pixel whose luminance input level is lower than that in the third luminance region is 0 (that is, completely black) regardless of the input level.
- the third luminance area in the main area, and in the second luminance A pixel in the region is assigned an output level of a predetermined gradation according to the input level.
- the pixels in the luminance range between the third luminance region and the main luminance region and the luminance range between the main luminance region and the second luminance region are assigned immediately before that range regardless of the input level.
- Output at the specified output level An output level that is the maximum value of the output level assigned to the luminance range of the second luminance area is assigned to the pixels having higher luminance than the second luminance area.
- the output level conversion processing unit 165 can convert the output level with respect to the input level, for example, as shown in FIG. 15B. That is, the output level of a pixel whose luminance input level is lower than that of the third luminance region is 0 (that is, black) regardless of the input level. Then, an output level of a predetermined gradation is assigned to the pixels in the third luminance region, the main region, and the second luminance region according to the input level. Also, the number of pixels in the luminance range between the third luminance area and the main area, and the luminance range between the main area and the second luminance area are less than the number of steps assigned to the main area! / ⁇ The output level corresponding to the input level is assigned by the number of steps. An output level that is the maximum value of the output level assigned to the second luminance area is assigned to a pixel having a higher luminance than the second luminance area.
- the output level conversion processing unit 165 can convert the output level with respect to the input level, for example, as shown in FIG. 15C. That is, the output level conversion processing unit 165, for example, has a predetermined luminance range centered on the upper limit value of the luminance of the third luminance region in the interval O and a predetermined luminance value centered on the lower limit value of the luminance of the main region. Assume that the range is section ⁇ , the predetermined brightness range centered on the upper limit value of luminance in the main area is section ⁇ , and the predetermined brightness range centered on the lower limit value of brightness in the second brightness area is section ⁇ .
- a pixel whose luminance input level is lower than that in the third luminance region is 0 (that is, black) regardless of the input level.
- pixels other than the section oc, within the main area brightness range, pixels other than the section ⁇ or section ⁇ , and within the second brightness area range, other than the section ⁇ An output level of a predetermined gradation is assigned to the pixel according to the input level.
- the pixels in the interval ⁇ , the interval / 3, the interval ⁇ , and the interval ⁇ are the main region luminance ranges and the like, and are assigned to the portions other than the intervals ⁇ to ⁇ .
- a predetermined gradation output level having a number of steps smaller than the number of steps is assigned. Then, an output level that is the maximum value of the output level assigned to the second luminance area is assigned to a pixel having a higher luminance than the second luminance area.
- a predetermined luminance range centered on the upper limit value of the luminance of the third luminance area is defined as section O
- a predetermined luminance range centered on the lower limit value of the luminance of the main area is defined as section.
- ⁇ a predetermined luminance range centered on the upper limit value of the luminance of the main area is defined as interval ⁇
- a predetermined luminance range centered on the lower limit value of the luminance of the second luminance area is defined as interval ⁇ .
- the predetermined brightness range on the upper limit side in the brightness area of the main area is section OC
- the predetermined brightness range on the lower limit side in the main area is section ⁇
- the predetermined brightness range on the upper limit side in the main area is section ⁇
- the second The predetermined luminance range on the lower limit side in the luminance area is defined as the interval ⁇
- the predetermined luminance range higher than the upper limit of the third luminance region is the interval OC
- the predetermined luminance lower than the lower limit of the main region The range is section ⁇
- the predetermined brightness range is higher than the upper limit of the main area, section ⁇
- a predetermined luminance range with lower luminance may be set as the section ⁇ .
- an area is set so that the number of steps of the same output level as that of the section or section ⁇ is assigned to the lower limit side of the brightness of the third brightness area and the upper limit side of the brightness of the second brightness area.
- the number of output level steps (the number of gradation steps) in the range of lower luminance than the third luminance region and higher luminance than the second luminance region.
- the output level conversion processing unit 165 has lower luminance than the third luminance region and higher luminance than the second luminance region, for example, as described with reference to FIG. Even in the range, you may assign fewer steps than the main area, the second luminance area, and the third luminance area.
- the output level conversion processing unit 165 determines the ratio of the output level to the input level (straight line) in the main area, the second luminance area, and the third luminance area.
- the number of gradation steps allocated to each luminance region may be determined so that the ratio of the output level to the input level in the luminance range other than the above is reduced.
- FIG. 16A shows the input signal when the gradation conversion described with reference to FIG. 15A is performed, the signal after the gradation conversion by the output level conversion processing unit 165, and the display or printing. It is a figure which shows the luminance level of the signal output.
- a continuous luminance gradation is obtained with sufficient luminance gradation widths of signals in the main luminance region, the second luminance region, and the third luminance region, which are discrete luminance ranges. Converted. All pixels in the luminance range between the third luminance area and the main area are output at the maximum output level of the third luminance area, and pixels in the luminance range between the main area and the second luminance area are output. All are output at the maximum output level of the main area. Then, the converted signal is subjected to gradation conversion (the number of gradations is compressed) according to the display or print output conditions.
- FIG. 16B shows an input signal when the gradation conversion described with reference to FIG. 15B is performed, a signal after gradation conversion by the output level conversion processing unit 165, and display or printing. It is a figure which shows the luminance level of the signal output.
- the area between the third luminance area and the main area and between the main area and the second luminance area includes the main area, the second luminance area, and the third luminance area. Only gradations with fewer steps than the area are given. For this reason, the converted signal has a lower grayscale level than the input signal because the number of steps in the region between the third luminance region and the main region and between the main region and the second luminance region is smaller.
- the luminance gradation widths of the signals in the main region, the second luminance region, and the third luminance region are sufficiently given.
- the converted signal is subjected to gradation conversion (the number of gradations is compressed) according to the display or printout conditions.
- FIG. 16C shows the input signal when the gradation conversion described with reference to FIG. 15C is performed, the signal after the gradation conversion by the output level conversion processing unit 165, and the display or printing. It is a figure which shows the luminance level of the signal output.
- the number of gradation steps assigned to brightness in the main area, the second brightness area, the third brightness area, and the area between them is expressed by the above-described sections ⁇ to ⁇ .
- the gradation of the number of steps is smaller than that of the main area, the second brightness area, and the third brightness area other than the sections a to ⁇ .
- the number of luminance gradations is much larger than that of the input signal when sufficient luminance gradation widths are given to the main area, the second luminance area, and the third luminance area. Is compressed. Then, the converted signal is subjected to gradation conversion (the number of gradations is compressed) according to display or print output conditions.
- step S31 the imaging unit 91 captures an image of a subject based on the user's operation input supplied from the operation input unit 92, logarithmically converted, and AZD converted captured image signal. — Supply to 2.
- the image generation unit 93-2 acquires the captured image signal.
- step S32 the average luminance calculation unit 131 of the image generation unit 93-2 calculates the average luminance of the entire captured image, and supplies the calculation result to the main region luminance range setting unit 132.
- step S33 the main region luminance range setting unit 132 sets the luminance range of the main region based on the average luminance of the entire image supplied from the average luminance calculation unit 131, and sets the luminance of the set main region.
- the range is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 165, the high luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 161, and the low luminance region luminance average value calculation unit 163.
- the main area luminance range setting unit 132 may use, for example, a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of the image signal as the luminance range of the main area, and the pixel that is the average luminance of the image signal. As a center, a pixel having a predetermined number of bits may be selected in order from a pixel having a luminance value close to the luminance, and the luminance range of the main region may be selected.
- step S34 the high brightness area brightness average value calculation unit 161 is an area brighter than the brightness range of the main area set by the main area brightness range setting unit 132 in the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91.
- the average luminance is obtained, and the result is supplied to the high luminance region luminance range setting unit 162.
- step S35 the high brightness area brightness range setting unit 162 sets the second brightness based on the average brightness of the area brighter than the brightness range of the main area supplied from the high brightness area brightness average value calculation unit 161. Set the brightness range of the area and output the brightness range of the set second brightness area.
- the power level conversion processing unit 165 is supplied.
- the high luminance area luminance range setting unit 162 sets, for example, a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of pixels in a luminance range higher than the luminance range of the main area as the luminance range of the second luminance area. It is also possible to select a pixel having a predetermined number of bits in order from the pixel having a luminance value close to this luminance around the pixel that is the average luminance of the pixels in the luminance range higher than the luminance range of the main area.
- the luminance range of the luminance region may be the same.
- step S36 the low luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 163 is an area darker than the luminance range of the main area set by the main area luminance range setting unit 132 in the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91. Is obtained, and the result is supplied to the low luminance area luminance range setting unit 164.
- step S37 the low luminance area luminance range setting unit 164 performs the first calculation based on the average luminance of the darker area than the luminance range of the main area supplied from the low luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 163.
- the luminance range of the third luminance region is set, and the set luminance range of the third luminance region is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 165.
- the low luminance area luminance range setting unit 164 sets, for example, a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of pixels in a luminance range lower than the luminance range of the main area as the luminance range of the third luminance area. It is also possible to select pixels having a predetermined number of bits in order from the pixel having the luminance value close to this luminance around the pixel that is the average luminance of the pixels in the luminance range lower than the luminance range of the main region. It is good also as a local luminance range.
- step S38 the output level conversion processing unit 165 sets the luminance range of the main area set by the main area luminance range setting unit 132 and the second luminance area set by the high luminance area luminance range setting unit 162. Based on the luminance range and the luminance range of the third luminance region set by the low luminance region luminance range setting unit 164, for example, the conversion characteristics of the input level and the output level as described with reference to FIG. 15 are obtained. decide.
- step S39 the output level conversion processing unit 165 changes the gradation of the captured image supplied from the imaging unit 91 based on the conversion characteristics determined in step S39. In other words, it is supplied to the display control unit 94.
- step S40 the display control unit 94 converts the supplied image signal into a signal using FIG. As described, it is converted into a gradation suitable for the display element.
- step S41 the display control unit 94 supplies the image signal converted to the gradation suitable for the display element to the display 82, controls the display of the image, and the process ends.
- the image displayed by the image processing apparatus 81 including the image generation unit 92-2 in FIG. 14 is, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the angle of view includes a sky part that is much brighter than the brightness of the road surface, and a black that is much lower than the brightness of the road surface. Even if it is included, a large number of gradation steps are assigned near the brightness corresponding to each of the road surface, the sky, and a person wearing a black suit. Therefore, by using the image processing apparatus 81 including the image generation unit 93-2 in FIG. 14, an image that is difficult to recognize because the sky part is white is displayed or captured even though the image is captured. It is possible to prevent a person wearing a suit from being displayed in black so that the user power cannot be identified.
- the image displayed by the image processing apparatus 81 including the image generation unit 92-2 of Fig. 14 is specifically an image captured as shown in Fig. 19, for example.
- Most of the parts are dark roads in the tunnel, and the tons are slightly brighter than the roads.
- the angle of view includes the white walls inside the tunnel and the part outside the tunnel that is very bright, and the black car inside the tunnel that is much less bright than the road surface inside the tunnel. Even if included in the tunnel, many gradation steps are assigned near the brightness corresponding to the road surface inside the tunnel, the tunnel walls and the tunnel, and the black cars inside the tunnel. It is made to be done!
- the image processing device 81 including the image generation unit 93-2 in Fig. 14 the tunnel outside the tunnel is displayed as a whiteout image that is difficult to recognize and is displayed even though it is captured. It is possible to prevent the black car from being displayed in black so that it cannot be identified by the user.
- the image generation unit 93 three or more areas are set so that the number of gradation steps assigned to the set area and the non-set area can be made different. May be.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image generation unit 93-3 that is a third example of the configuration of the image generation unit 93 of FIG.
- the image generation unit 93-3 sets a plurality of luminance areas and their luminance ranges, and more than the luminance ranges that are not set for the plurality of set luminance ranges. The number of gradation steps can be assigned.
- the image generation unit 93-3 in FIG. 20 has an average luminance calculation unit 131 and a main region luminance range setting unit 132 that are basically the same as the image generation unit 93-1 described with reference to FIG.
- the second luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 133 and the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 134 of the image generation unit 93-1 are omitted, and the second luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 181, Second luminance region luminance range setting unit 182, third luminance region luminance average value calculating unit 183, third luminance region luminance range setting unit 184, fourth luminance region luminance average value calculating unit 185, and fourth
- the brightness area brightness range setting unit 186 is newly provided, and an output level conversion processing unit 187 is provided instead of the output level conversion processing unit 135.
- the second luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 181 is a part of the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91 except for the luminance range of the main region set by the main region luminance range setting unit 132.
- the average brightness of pixels having the brightness included in a certain range (for example, the brightness range higher than the brightness range of the main area is further divided into two and the highest brightness portion, etc.) is calculated. Is supplied to the brightness range brightness range setting unit 182 of the above.
- the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 182 is based on the average luminance of pixels having luminance included in a predetermined range other than the supplied main area.
- the brightness range of the second brightness area is set, and the set brightness range of the second brightness area is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 187.
- the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 182 may set a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of pixels having a predetermined range of luminance as the luminance range of the second luminance area, for example.
- a pixel having a predetermined number of bits is selected in order from a pixel having a luminance value close to this luminance around a pixel having an average luminance of pixels having a luminance in a predetermined range as a luminance range of the second luminance area. Also good.
- Third luminance area luminance average value calculating section 183 has a predetermined value other than the luminance range of the main area set by main area luminance range setting section 132 among the image signals supplied from imaging section 91. Calculate the average luminance of the pixels that have the luminance included in the range (for example, the range of higher luminance than the luminance range of the main region is further divided into two, and the lower luminance portion of the two divided regions, etc.) , And supplied to the third luminance area luminance range setting unit 184.
- the third luminance area luminance range setting unit 184 is based on the average luminance of pixels having luminance included in a predetermined range other than the supplied main area.
- the brightness range of the third brightness area is set, and the set brightness range of the third brightness area is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 187.
- the third luminance area luminance range setting unit 184 may use, for example, a predetermined luminance range centered on the average luminance of pixels having a predetermined luminance range as the luminance range of the third luminance area.
- a pixel with a predetermined number of bits is selected in order from the pixel having the luminance value close to this luminance around the pixel having the average luminance of the pixels having the luminance in the predetermined range as the third luminance range. good.
- the fourth luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 185 is a part other than the luminance range of the main area set by the main area luminance range setting unit 132 in the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91. Calculate the average luminance of the pixels that have the luminance included in the fixed range (for example, further divide the luminance range lower than the luminance range of the main area into two, and then divide the range into the low luminance part of the two divisions, etc.) The result is supplied to the fourth luminance area luminance range setting unit 186.
- the fourth luminance area luminance range setting unit 186 is based on the average luminance of pixels having luminance included in a predetermined range other than the supplied main area. In addition, the brightness range of the fourth brightness area is set, and the set brightness range of the fourth brightness area is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 187.
- the fourth luminance area luminance range setting unit 186 may set a predetermined luminance range centered on an average luminance of pixels having a predetermined luminance range as the luminance range of the fourth luminance area.
- a pixel having a predetermined number of bits is selected in order from a pixel having a luminance value close to this luminance around a pixel that is an average luminance of pixels having a luminance in a predetermined range. good.
- the output level conversion processing unit 187 acquires the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, and obtains the main region luminance range setting unit 132, the second luminance region luminance range setting unit 182, and the third luminance region.
- Luminance range setting section 184 and fourth luminance area luminance range setting section 186, the main area luminance range, second luminance area luminance range, third luminance area luminance range and The output level of the acquired image signal is converted based on the information on the luminance range of 4 luminance areas.
- the output level conversion processing unit 187 outputs an output level signal of a predetermined number of steps to the level of the input luminance signal (each luminance when the luminance is divided by a predetermined number of gradation steps). Tone level signal) is assigned and the assigned output level signal is output.
- the output level conversion processing unit 187 assigns the luminance gradation level of the output level signal as the main area and other areas, for example, as described with reference to FIG. 6, FIG. 7, or FIG.
- the brightness range is different from the other range. That is, the output level conversion processing unit 187 assigns a larger number of output level steps to the luminance range set as the main region and other regions, and the number of gradations of pixels in the corresponding luminance range is set.
- a conversion process that allows the user to better recognize the corresponding luminance range of the displayed or printed image. Execute.
- FIG. 20 shows a second luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 181 and a second luminance area luminance range setting unit for setting the second to fourth luminance areas in addition to the main area. 182, a third luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 183, a third luminance area luminance range setting unit 184, a fourth luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 185, and a fourth luminance area luminance range setting unit 186.
- the image generation unit 93-3 is further provided with another luminance region luminance average value calculation unit and luminance region luminance range setting unit so that a large number of luminance regions can be set. May be.
- the process executed by the image generation unit 93-3 in Fig. 20 is basically the same as the process of the image display process 2 described with reference to Fig. 17, and the number of set areas is increased. The explanation is omitted because it corresponds to the case.
- the image generation unit 93-1 to image generation unit 93-3 described above set the main region based on the average luminance value of the entire captured image.
- the main area may be set based on the average value of the luminance of the pixels included in a predetermined area in the captured image.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image generation unit 93-4 as a fourth example of the configuration of the image generation unit 93 in FIG.
- the image generation unit 93-4 cuts out pixels included in a predetermined area from the captured image, and sets the main area based on the average luminance value of the cut out area. Speak.
- the image generation unit 93-4 in FIG. 21 is basically the same except that the main region cutout unit 201 and the main region luminance average value calculation unit 202 are provided in place of the average luminance calculation unit 131. Further, it has the same configuration as that of the image generation unit 93-1 in FIG.
- the main area cutout unit 201 acquires the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, cuts out a preset image area from the acquired image signal, and uses the cutout area pixel as the main part. This is supplied to the area luminance average value calculation unit 202.
- an image of the front of a running car is captured and the captured image is displayed.
- the image is displayed on the screen, the image captured and displayed while driving always changes.
- the average value of the entire image captured in the traveling car is used.
- V when the main area is set, the brightness range of the main area is changed when an object is extremely bright within the angle of view! Will be changed. As a result, the brightness of the road surface that occupies the main part of the display screen is frequently changed, and the brightness of the display image felt by the driver may flicker.
- the region of the image cut out by the main region cutout unit 201 is assumed to be constantly imaged as shown in Fig. 22, for example, the region 221 slightly below the center of the screen slightly from the left.
- the brightness of the road surface that occupies the main part of the displayed image can be made substantially constant by making the segmented area an area where the same image is supposed to be captured constantly. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the brightness of the display image felt by the driver from flickering frequently.
- the main area luminance average value calculation unit 202 calculates the average luminance of the pixels in the clipped area supplied from the main area cutout unit 201, and sets the calculation result of the average luminance as the main region luminance range setting. Supply to part 132.
- the luminance range of the main region is set based on the average luminance of the clipped region calculated by the main region luminance average value calculation unit 202. Based on the luminance range of the main area, the luminance range of the second luminance area that is higher than the luminance range of the main area is set. Then, the output level conversion processing unit 135 assigns more output level steps to the luminance ranges set as the main area and the second luminance area, and the case described with reference to FIGS. Similarly, the number of gradations of pixels in the corresponding luminance range increases, and a conversion process is executed so that the user can more easily recognize the corresponding luminance range portion of the displayed or printed image.
- the image display process 3 executed by the image processing apparatus 81 will be described.
- step S71 the imaging unit 91 captures an image of the subject based on the user's operation input supplied from the operation input unit 92, and the captured image signal that has been logarithmically converted and AZD converted is output to the image generation unit 93.
- the image generator 93-4 acquires the captured image signal.
- step S72 the main region cutout unit 201 of the image generation unit 93-4 is set in advance among the image signals supplied from the imaging unit 91, for example, as described with reference to FIG.
- the image area to be beaten is cut out, and the pixels in the cut out area are supplied to the main area luminance average value calculation unit 202.
- step S73 the main area luminance average value calculation unit 202 obtains the average luminance of the pixels in the clipped area supplied from the main area cutout unit 201, and the calculation result is sent to the main region luminance range setting unit 132. Supply.
- step S74 the main region luminance range setting unit 132 sets the luminance range of the main region based on the average luminance of the pixels in the clipped region supplied from the main region luminance average value calculation unit 202. Then, the set luminance range of the main area is supplied to the second luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 133 and the output level conversion processing unit 135.
- steps S75 to S80 basically the same processing as in steps S2 to S9 in Fig. 9 is executed.
- the second luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 133 obtains the average luminance of an area brighter than the luminance range of the main area, among the image signals supplied from the imaging unit 91, and obtains the second luminance value.
- the brightness area brightness range setting unit 134 sets the brightness range of the second brightness area based on the average brightness of the area brighter than the brightness range of the main area.
- the conversion characteristic of the output level is determined, the gradation of the captured image supplied from the imaging unit 91 is converted based on the conversion characteristic, and is supplied to the display control unit 94.
- the display control unit 94 converts the supplied image signal into a gradation suitable for the display element, supplies the converted image signal to the display 82, and displays the image. The process is terminated.
- the image generation unit 93-4 described above cuts out a predetermined area in the captured image, sets the luminance range of the main area based on the pixels of the cut out area, and sets the luminance range of the main area. It has been described that a large number of gradation steps are assigned to the brightness range of the second brightness area, which is the main part of the brightness range that is higher than the brightness range of the main area. On the other hand, the brightness range to be set will not be described in two cases, that is, the brightness range of the main area and the brightness range of the second brightness area.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image generation unit 93-5 that is a fifth example of the configuration of the image generation unit 93 in FIG.
- the image generator 93-5 cuts out a predetermined area in the captured image, sets the luminance range of the main area based on the pixels of the cut out area, and sets the main area luminance range in addition to the main area luminance range.
- the brightness range of the second brightness area which is the main part of the brightness range higher than the brightness range of the area
- the third brightness which is the main part of the brightness range lower than the brightness range of the main area.
- Three brightness areas are set with the area brightness range, and a large number of gradation steps can be assigned to the set three brightness areas.
- the image generation unit 93-5 in FIG. 24 includes a main region cutout unit 201 and a main region luminance average value calculation unit 202 similar to those described with reference to FIG.
- the main region luminance range setting unit 132, the high luminance region luminance average value calculation unit 161, the high luminance region luminance range setting unit 162, the low luminance region luminance average value calculation unit 163, the low A luminance area luminance range setting unit 164 and an output level conversion processing unit 165 are provided.
- the image generation unit 93-5 in Fig. 24 cuts out a predetermined region in the captured image and extracts the extracted region.
- the luminance range of the main region is set in addition to the luminance range of the main region in the same manner as the image generation unit 93-2 described with reference to FIG.
- the three brightness areas are set, and a large number of gradation steps can be assigned to the set three brightness areas!
- steps S101 to S103 basically the same processing as in steps S71 to S73 in FIG. 23 is executed.
- the image capturing unit 91 captures an image of a subject based on a user operation input supplied from the operation input unit 92, logarithmically converted, and A and D converted captured image signals. Supply to 5.
- the image generation unit 93-5 acquires the captured image signal.
- the main region cutout unit 201 of the image generation unit 93-5 cuts out and cuts out a preset image region from the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, for example, as described with reference to FIG.
- the pixels in the extracted area are supplied to the main area luminance average value calculation unit 202.
- the main area luminance average value calculation unit 202 obtains the average luminance of the pixels in the clipped region supplied from the main region cutout unit 201 and supplies the calculation result to the main region luminance range setting unit 132.
- step S104 the main region luminance range setting unit 132 sets the luminance range of the main region based on the average luminance of the pixels in the clipped region supplied from the main region luminance average value calculation unit 202. Then, the set luminance range of the main region is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 165, the high luminance region luminance average value calculating unit 161, and the low luminance region luminance average value calculating unit 163.
- steps S105 to S112 basically the same processing as steps S34 to S41 in Fig. 17 is executed.
- the high luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 161 obtains the average luminance of a region brighter than the luminance range of the main region in the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, and the high luminance region luminance range setting unit 162 sets the brightness range of the second brightness area based on the average brightness of the area brighter than the brightness range of the main area, and outputs the set brightness range of the second brightness area to the output level conversion processing unit 165. Supply.
- the low luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 163 obtains the average luminance of the darker area than the luminance range of the main area in the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, and sets the low luminance area luminance range.
- the unit 164 sets the luminance range of the third luminance region based on the average luminance of the region darker than the luminance range of the main region, and outputs the set luminance range of the third luminance region to the output level conversion processing unit 165. Supply.
- the output level conversion processing unit 165 performs, for example, FIG. 15 based on the set luminance range of the main region, the luminance range of the second luminance region, and the luminance range of the third luminance region.
- the input level and output level conversion characteristics as described above are determined, the gradation of the captured image supplied from the imaging unit 91 is converted based on the determined conversion characteristics, and the display control unit 94 Supply.
- the display control unit 94 explains the supplied image signal using FIG. As described above, the image signal is converted to a gradation suitable for the display element, the image signal converted to the gradation suitable for the display element is supplied to the display 82, the image display is controlled, and the process ends. .
- the image generation unit 93 may cut out a predetermined area in the captured image and set three or more areas based on the pixels in the cut out area. Then, the image generation unit 93 can change the number of gradation steps assigned to the set area and the non-set area.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image generation unit 93-6, which is a sixth example of the configuration of the image generation unit 93 in FIG.
- the image generation unit 93-6 cuts out a predetermined area in the captured image, sets the luminance range of the main area based on the pixels of the cut out area, and includes a plurality of areas other than the luminance range of the main area.
- the corresponding luminance range of the luminance area is set, and more gradation steps than the outside of the setting range can be assigned to the set luminance ranges.
- the image generation unit 93-6 in FIG. 26 is provided with a main region cutout unit 201 and a main region luminance average value calculation unit 202 similar to those described with reference to FIG.
- the main area luminance range setting unit 132, the second luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 181, the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 182, and the third luminance similar to the case described with reference to FIG.
- Area luminance average value calculating section 183, third luminance area luminance range setting section 184, fourth luminance area luminance average value calculating section 185, fourth luminance area luminance range setting section 186, and output level conversion processing section 187 is provided.
- the image generation unit 93-6 in FIG. 26 cuts out a predetermined region in the captured image and cuts out the same region as the image generation unit 93-4 described with reference to FIG.
- the luminance range of the main area is set on the basis of the pixels, and in the same way as the image generation unit 93-3 described with reference to FIG. Each brightness range is set, and more gradation steps than the set range can be assigned to the set brightness ranges.
- FIG. 26 shows a second luminance area luminance average value calculation unit 181 and a second luminance area luminance range setting unit for setting the second to fourth luminance areas in addition to the main area. 182, a third luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 183, a third luminance area luminance range setting unit 184, a fourth luminance area luminance average value calculating unit 185, and a fourth luminance area luminance range setting unit 186.
- the image generation unit 93-3 is further provided with another luminance region luminance average value calculation unit and luminance region luminance range setting unit so that a large number of luminance regions can be set. May be.
- the process executed by the image generation unit 93-6 in Fig. 26 is basically the same as the process of the image display process 4 described with reference to Fig. 25, and the number of set areas is increased. The explanation is omitted because it corresponds to the case.
- the image generation unit 93-1 through image generation unit 93-6 described above set the main region based on the entire captured image or the average luminance value of a predetermined portion. It was done. On the other hand, a histogram indicating the distribution of the luminance values of the pixels included in the captured image is created and analyzed to set a plurality of luminance ranges, and the set brightness is set. A larger number of gradation steps may be assigned to the degree range than outside the set range.
- FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image generation unit 93-7, which is a seventh example of the configuration of the image generation unit 93 in FIG.
- the image generation unit 93-7 analyzes a histogram of luminance values of each pixel of the captured image, and sets a plurality of luminance ranges based on the analysis result.
- the image generation unit 93-7 includes a histogram analysis unit 251, a threshold comparison processing unit 252, a multi-step luminance range setting unit 253, and an output level conversion processing unit 254.
- the histogram analysis unit 251 acquires the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, and generates a histogram indicating the distribution of luminance values of each pixel of the captured image based on the acquired image signal. The analysis result is supplied to the threshold value comparison processing unit 252.
- the threshold comparison processing unit 252 Based on the analysis result of the histogram supplied from the histogram analysis unit 251, the threshold comparison processing unit 252 compares the number of pixels corresponding to each luminance value of the input signal with a predetermined threshold value. In other words, the threshold value comparison processing unit 252 extracts a luminance range of a captured image that has a certain number of pixels or more. The threshold value comparison processing unit 252 supplies information indicating the luminance value determined that the number of pixels is equal to or larger than the threshold value as a result of the comparison with the threshold value to the multi-level luminance range setting unit 253.
- the threshold value may be a value determined experimentally and empirically or set in advance, or may be a value that can be appropriately set by a user. If the threshold is set too low, most of the information remains, so the resulting image is, for example, a wide dynamics range imaged using the logarithmic conversion image sensor 102 described with reference to FIG. If the image is not processed using the image processing device 81, an image having no difference in density (no sharpness) is obtained as in the case of the displayed image. On the other hand, if the threshold value is set too high, information may be missed, and only a part of the luminance range may be displayed clearly, resulting in an image.
- the multi-step luminance range setting unit 253 has a larger number of gradation steps than the setting range based on the luminance value supplied from the threshold comparison processing unit 252 and determined that the number of pixels is equal to or greater than the threshold.
- the number of luminance ranges set by the multi-step luminance range setting unit 253 is a force determined by the comparison result supplied from the threshold comparison processing unit 252. For example, an upper limit of the number may be determined in advance.
- the output level conversion processing unit 254 acquires the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, and based on the information on the set luminance range supplied from the multiple-step luminance range setting unit 253, for example For example, in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. 6, FIG. 7, or FIG. 15, the number of steps of the luminance gradation level of the output level signal assigned to the set luminance region is otherwise set.
- the output level of the acquired image signal is converted so as to be larger than the number of steps of the luminance gradation level of the output level signal assigned to the luminance region.
- the histogram analysis unit 251 analyzes the histogram indicating the distribution of the luminance value of each pixel of the captured image. Then, the threshold value comparison processing unit 252 compares with the threshold value, and the luminance having the number of pixels equal to or larger than the threshold value is extracted in the same image (within one frame). Then, based on the extracted luminance, a plurality of luminance ranges are set in the multi-level luminance range setting unit 253, and the output level conversion processing unit 254 gives priority to the number of gradation steps in the range. Since the conversion characteristic of the output level with respect to the input level is required to be assigned, the luminance gradation width of each set luminance range is sufficiently given. Then, the converted signal is subjected to gradation conversion (the number of gradations is compressed) in the display control unit 94 or the output control unit 95 according to the display or print output conditions for display or printing. It is made to output.
- step S141 the imaging unit 91 captures a subject based on the user's operation input supplied from the operation input unit 92, logarithmically converted, and AZD converted captured image signal. — Supply to 7. The image generation unit 93-7 acquires the captured image signal.
- step S142 the histogram analysis unit 251 of the image generation unit 93-7, based on the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91, displays a luminance distribution of each pixel of the captured image. A strogram is generated and analyzed, and the analysis result is supplied to the threshold value comparison processing unit 252.
- the threshold comparison processing unit 252 compares the number of pixels corresponding to the luminance value of each input signal with a predetermined threshold based on the analysis result of the histogram supplied from the histogram analysis unit 251. .
- the threshold value comparison processing unit 252 supplies information indicating the luminance value determined that the number of pixels is equal to or greater than the threshold value as a result of the comparison with the threshold value to the multi-step luminance range setting unit 253.
- step S144 the multi-step luminance range setting unit 253 is also supplied with the threshold comparison processing unit 252 and based on the luminance value determined to be equal to or greater than the threshold value, more gradation steps than outside the setting range. Multiple luminance ranges to which numbers are assigned are set, and the set luminance ranges are supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 254.
- step S145 the output level conversion processing unit 254, for example, based on the set luminance range information supplied from the multi-step luminance range setting unit 253, for example, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, or FIG. Basically, the conversion characteristics of the input level and output level are determined in the same way as described using 15.
- step S146 the output level conversion processing unit 254 determines, based on the conversion characteristics between the input level and the output level, the number of steps of the luminance gradation level of the output level signal assigned to the set plurality of luminance ranges. Output level assigned to other luminance ranges The output level of the image signal supplied from the image pickup unit 91 is converted so as to be larger than the number of steps of the luminance gradation level of the signal, and is supplied to the display control unit 94 To do.
- step S147 the display control unit 94 converts the supplied image signal into a gradation suitable for the display element as described with reference to FIG.
- step S148 the display control unit 94 supplies the image signal converted to the gradation suitable for the display element to the display 82, controls the display of the image, and the process is terminated.
- the processed image is displayed at a gradation corresponding to the display 82. Or, even if the output is made with a gradation corresponding to the external device of the output destination, it can be displayed or printed out in a state where the user power can be identified.
- a luminance region to which a large number of gradation steps are assigned is set based on the captured image.
- a luminance region to which a large number of gradation steps are assigned may be determined in advance.
- the luminance area of the pixel corresponding to the image information required by the user out of the captured image may be obtained by fixing the angle of view of the captured image or irradiating the subject with a certain amount of illumination.
- a luminance region to which a large number of gradation steps are assigned can be determined in advance. As a result, the processing can be simplified and the cost of the apparatus can be reduced.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image generation unit 93-8, which is an eighth example of the configuration of the image generation unit 93 in FIG.
- the image generation unit 93-8 is used when a luminance region to which a large number of gradation steps are assigned is determined in advance.
- the first luminance area luminance range setting unit 281 receives the setting value of the luminance range of the first luminance area from the operation input unit 92 and outputs the setting value of the first luminance range to the output level. This is supplied to the conversion processing unit 187.
- the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 282 receives an input of the luminance range setting value of the second luminance area from the operation input unit 92, and sets the luminance range setting value of the second luminance area.
- the output level conversion processing unit 187 is supplied.
- the third luminance area luminance range setting unit 283 receives the setting value of the luminance range of the third luminance area from the operation input unit 92, and receives the setting value of the luminance range of the third luminance area.
- the output level conversion processing unit 187 is supplied.
- the output level conversion processing unit 187 performs basically the same processing as in the case of the image generation unit 93-3 in Fig. 20, and based on a plurality of set luminance ranges, the imaging unit 91 An image signal supplied with force is acquired and its output level is converted. That is, the output level conversion processing unit 187 is supplied from the first luminance region luminance range setting unit 281, the second luminance region luminance range setting unit 282, and the third luminance region luminance range setting unit 283. The output level of the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91 is converted based on the information on the luminance range of the first luminance range, the luminance range of the second luminance region, and the luminance range of the third luminance region.
- FIG. 30 shows a first luminance area luminance range setting unit 281, a second luminance area luminance range setting unit 282, and the like for setting the luminance ranges of the first to third luminance areas.
- the power generation unit 93-8 in which the third luminance region luminance range setting unit 283 is illustrated, can further receive other luminance regions so that the luminance range of many luminance regions can be set.
- a brightness range setting section may be provided.
- step S171 the operation input unit 92 receives input of set values of a plurality of luminance ranges for user power, and supplies the input set values to the image generation unit 93-8.
- step S172 the imaging unit 91 captures an image of the subject based on the user's operation input supplied from the operation input unit 92, logarithmically converted, and AZD-converted captured image signal. — Supply to 8. The image generation unit 93-8 acquires the captured image signal.
- step S173 the first luminance area luminance range setting unit 281, the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 282, and the third luminance area luminance range setting unit 283 of the image generation unit 93-8 are Then, the setting values of the plurality of luminance ranges supplied from the operation input unit 92 are acquired and supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 187.
- the output level conversion processing unit 187 includes the first luminance area luminance range setting unit 281, the second luminance area luminance range setting unit 282, and the third luminance area luminance range setting unit 283.
- step S175 the output level conversion processing unit 187 is supplied from the imaging unit 91.
- the gradation of the captured image is converted based on the conversion characteristic determined in step S174 and supplied to the display control unit 94.
- step S176 the display control unit 94 converts the supplied image signal into a gradation suitable for the display element as described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 16, for example.
- step S177 the display control unit 94 supplies the display 82 with the image signal converted to the gradation suitable for the display element, controls the display of the image, and the process is terminated.
- a histogram indicating the distribution of the luminance values of pixels included in the captured image is analyzed, and a certain number of pixels or more in the predetermined luminance range are determined. It is also possible to extract the luminance that has and to determine the luminance area to which a large number of gradation steps are assigned based on the extraction result.
- FIG. 32 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image generation unit 93-9, which is a ninth example of the configuration of the image generation unit 93 in FIG.
- the image generation unit 93-9 extracts luminance having a certain number of pixels or more in a predetermined luminance region by histogram analysis, and assigns a large number of gradation steps based on the extraction result. It is made to determine the luminance area to be controlled.
- the image generation unit 93-9 in FIG. 32 includes the first luminance area luminance range setting unit 281 and the second luminance area luminance range setting unit of the image generation unit 93-8 described with reference to FIG. 282, a third luminance area luminance range setting unit 283, and an output level conversion processing unit 187. Further, the image generation unit 93-9 includes the image generation unit described with reference to FIG. 27 in order to analyze the histogram and compare it with a predetermined threshold value based on the set value of the luminance range output from each.
- the histogram analysis units 251-1 to 2 51-3 and the threshold value comparison processing units 252-1 to 252 can execute the same processing as the histogram analysis unit 251 and the threshold value comparison processing unit 252 provided in 93-7. — 3 is provided.
- the first range and the second luminance region set by the first luminance region luminance range setting unit 281 In each of the second range set by the luminance range setting unit 282 and the third range set by the third luminance range luminance range setting unit 283, the histogram analysis units 251-1 to 2 51- 3, the histogram of the luminance value of each pixel of the captured image is analyzed and compared with the threshold value in the threshold value comparison processing units 252-1 to 252-2, and the luminance having the number of pixels equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold value is extracted.
- the luminance is determined by the number of gradation steps. It is not set to the brightness range that is preferentially assigned.
- the output level conversion processing unit 187 assigns a priority to the number of gradation steps to the pixels in the range, and each luminance level in the set luminance range. It is designed to be converted into a continuous luminance gradation with sufficient adjustment range. Then, the converted signal is subjected to gradation conversion (the number of gradations is compressed) according to the display or print output conditions in the display control section 94 or the output control section 95, and is displayed or printed. In order to be output for.
- the power that the brightness area is divided in advance. For example, the image that the user needs depending on the time.
- the luminance area of a pixel corresponding to image information changes in several patterns, even in the same luminance area, there is a lot of information in the daytime and almost no information in the evening. The power to have a lot of information in the evening and at night There is little information in the morning and noon.
- step S201 the operation input unit 92 receives input of set values of a plurality of luminance ranges with user power, and supplies the input set values to the image generation unit 93-9.
- the image generation unit 9 3-9 acquires the captured image signal.
- step S202 the imaging unit 91 captures a subject based on the user's operation input supplied from the operation input unit 92, logarithmically converted, and AZD-converted captured image signal, and the image generation unit 93 — Supply to 9.
- step S203 the first luminance area luminance range setting section 281, the second luminance area luminance range setting section 282, and the third luminance area luminance range setting section 283 of the image generation section 93-9 are Then, the setting values of the plurality of luminance ranges supplied from the operation input unit 92 are acquired and supplied to the histogram analysis units 251-1 to 251-2, respectively.
- step S204 the histogram analysis units 251-1 to 251-2-3 use the first image of the captured image as described with reference to FIG. 33 based on the image signal supplied from the imaging unit 91.
- a histogram showing the distribution of luminance values in the third to third ranges is generated and analyzed, and the analysis result is supplied to the threshold value comparison processing units 252-1 to 252-2.
- step S205 the threshold comparison processing units 252-1 to 252-3 display the analysis results of the histograms in the first to third ranges supplied from the histogram analysis units 251-1 to 251-2. Based on this, the number of pixels corresponding to the luminance value of each input signal is compared with a predetermined threshold value. As a result of comparison with the threshold value, the threshold value comparison processing units 252-1 to 252-3 The luminance value determined to be equal to or greater than the threshold value is supplied to the output level conversion processing unit 187.
- step S206 the output level conversion processing unit 187 sets a luminance range to which a large number of gradation steps are assigned based on the luminance values supplied from the threshold comparison processing units 252-1 to 252-2. .
- step S207 the output level conversion processing unit 187 determines the conversion characteristics between the input level and the output level as described with reference to FIG. 6, FIG. 7, or FIG.
- step S208 the output level conversion processing unit 187 converts the gradation of the captured image supplied from the imaging unit 91 based on the conversion characteristics determined in step S74. To the display control unit 94.
- step S209 the display control unit 94 converts the supplied image signal into a gradation suitable for the display element, as described with reference to FIG. 33, for example.
- step S210 the display control unit 94 supplies the image signal converted to the gradation suitable for the display element to the display 82, controls the display of the image, and the process ends.
- the image processing device 81 in which the image generation units 93-1 to 93-9 are used, the image is captured by the imaging unit 91 using the logarithmic conversion type imaging device 102. Painting Even when image information required by the user exists in a wide luminance range in the image data, such an image is displayed with gradation corresponding to the display 82, or the output destination When output in gradations compatible with external devices, information required by the user (for example, dark objects in the dark or bright parts in the same image as dark objects) can be identified Image data that can be displayed or printed out in a state can be generated.
- the series of processes described above can also be executed by software.
- the software is a computer that is built in dedicated hardware for the program power that constitutes the software, or that can execute various functions by installing various programs, such as a general-purpose personal computer
- the recording medium power is also installed.
- all or part of the image processing apparatus 81 described with reference to FIG. 2 may be a personal computer 301 as shown in FIG. Consists of.
- CPU (Central Processing Unit) 311 is a program stored in ROM (Read Only Memory) 312 or a program loaded from RAM 318 to RAM (Random Access Memory) 313. Therefore, various processes are executed.
- the RAM 313 also appropriately stores data necessary for the CPU 311 to execute various processes.
- the CPU 311, ROM 312, and RAM 313 are connected to each other via a bus 314.
- An input / output interface 315 is also connected to the bus 314.
- the input / output interface 315 includes an input unit 316 including a keyboard and a mouse, an output unit 317 including a display and a speaker, a storage unit 318 including a hard disk, a modem, a terminal adapter, and the like.
- Communication unit 319 is connected. The communication unit 319 performs communication processing via a network including the Internet.
- a drive 320 is also connected to the input / output interface 315 as necessary, and a magnetic disk 331, an optical disk 332, a magneto-optical disk 333, or a semiconductor memory 334, etc., are appropriately mounted to read these forces.
- the recorded computer program is installed in the storage unit 318 as necessary.
- various functions can be realized by installing a program that constitutes the software in a dedicated hardware or by installing various programs. For example, a general-purpose personal computer or the like can be installed on a network or a recording medium.
- this recording medium is distributed to supply a program to the user separately from the main body of the device, and includes a magnetic disk 331 (including a floppy disk) storing the program, Optical disk 332 (including compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), DVD (digital versatile disk)), magneto-optical disk 333 (including MD (mini-disk) (trademark)), or semiconductor memory 334 It is composed of a ROM 312 that stores a program and is stored in a storage unit 318, which is supplied to the user in a state of being pre-installed in the apparatus main body just by being constituted by a knock medium.
- a magnetic disk 331 including a floppy disk
- Optical disk 332 including compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM), DVD (digital versatile disk)
- magneto-optical disk 333 including MD (mini-disk) (trademark)
- semiconductor memory 334 It is composed of a ROM 312 that stores a program and is stored in a storage unit 318, which
- the steps for describing the program recorded in the recording medium are not necessarily processed in time series in the order described, but are necessarily processed in time series. It includes processing executed in parallel or individually.
- the present invention is applicable even when the processing power executed by one device is realized by a plurality of devices.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06729133A EP1868368A4 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-03-15 | IMAGE PROCESSOR, IMAGE PROCESSING, PROGRAM AND RECORDING MEDIUM |
| US11/908,963 US20090066819A1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-03-15 | Image processing apparatus and image processing method, program and recording medium |
| JP2007508173A JP4835593B2 (ja) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-03-15 | 画像処理装置および画像処理方法、プログラム、並びに、記録媒体 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005072799 | 2005-03-15 | ||
| JP2005-072798 | 2005-03-15 | ||
| JP2005-072799 | 2005-03-15 | ||
| JP2005072798 | 2005-03-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2006098356A1 true WO2006098356A1 (ja) | 2006-09-21 |
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| PCT/JP2006/305112 Ceased WO2006098356A1 (ja) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-03-15 | 画像処理装置および画像処理方法、プログラム、並びに、記録媒体 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090066819A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1868368A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4835593B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006098356A1 (ja) |
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| JP2010079552A (ja) * | 2008-09-25 | 2010-04-08 | Omron Corp | 画像処理装置および画像処理方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1868368A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
| JP4835593B2 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
| US20090066819A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
| JPWO2006098356A1 (ja) | 2008-08-28 |
| EP1868368A4 (en) | 2009-06-24 |
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