WO2007118400A1 - Circuit disjoncteur matériel de surtension - Google Patents

Circuit disjoncteur matériel de surtension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007118400A1
WO2007118400A1 PCT/CN2007/000508 CN2007000508W WO2007118400A1 WO 2007118400 A1 WO2007118400 A1 WO 2007118400A1 CN 2007000508 W CN2007000508 W CN 2007000508W WO 2007118400 A1 WO2007118400 A1 WO 2007118400A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
grid
circuit
relay
output
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2007/000508
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Chunhui Zhu
Jingjing Huang
Shudu Liu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vertiv Tech Co Ltd
Vertiv Sweden AB
Vertiv Energy Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Emerson Network Power Co Ltd
Emerson Network Power Energy Systems AB
Emerson Network Power Energy Systems Noth America Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emerson Network Power Co Ltd, Emerson Network Power Energy Systems AB, Emerson Network Power Energy Systems Noth America Inc filed Critical Emerson Network Power Co Ltd
Priority to EP07710933.8A priority Critical patent/EP2006970B1/en
Priority to US12/297,049 priority patent/US8098468B2/en
Publication of WO2007118400A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007118400A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US13/323,893 priority patent/US8547674B2/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H02H7/1252—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers responsive to overvoltage in input or output, e.g. by load dump

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a voltage detection control technology, in particular to a hardware overvoltage release circuit for removing a power supply module (rectification module) from a power grid when an AC grid is overvoltage.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a hardware overvoltage detachment circuit that responds in time and can be protected at the moment of power-on of the power module, and can rise to a set value in the grid voltage (or the grid and the DC bus).
  • the grid voltage or the grid and the DC bus.
  • a hardware overvoltage release circuit comprising a disconnection relay and a voltage detection circuit, wherein the disconnection relay is connected in series between the AC power grid and the power factor correction circuit of the power module;
  • the first sampling end of the voltage detecting circuit samples the alternating current grid voltage between the alternating current grid and the disconnecting relay, and the output end thereof is connected to the control end of the disconnecting relay, and is used to disconnect the disconnecting relay when the alternating current network is overvoltage,
  • the power module is disconnected from the AC grid and will be disconnected from the relay when the AC grid voltage is normal.
  • the voltage detecting circuit further includes a second sampling end, which samples the DC bus voltage on the DC bus of the power module, and is used to disconnect the disconnecting relay when the AC grid and the DC bus are overvoltage at the same time, The power module is disconnected from the AC grid. When the AC grid and DC bus voltage are normal, the relay is disconnected from the power module.
  • the disconnecting relay is connected in series between the alternating current grid and the rectifying and filtering circuit of the power module.
  • the circuit of the present invention includes two disconnecting relays respectively connected in series between the alternating current grid and the two inputs of the power factor correction circuit, and the control terminals thereof are connected to the voltage detecting circuit. The outputs are connected.
  • the dynamic switch of the disconnecting relay is connected to one end of the AC power grid, and the normally closed contact is connected to one input end of the rectifying and filtering circuit, and the common contact is suspended, and the first end of the coil and the DC power supply are Phase coupled, the second end of the coil is connected as a control terminal to the output of the voltage detecting circuit.
  • circuit of the present invention further includes a current limiting resistor connected in series between the AC grid and the disconnecting relay.
  • the voltage detecting circuit When only the AC grid voltage is sampled in the circuit of the present invention, the voltage detecting circuit includes an AC voltage detecting portion and a driving portion connected in series, and the AC voltage detecting portion includes a voltage sampling unit and a peak hold and logic judging unit connected in series; The input end of the voltage sampling unit serves as a sampling end of the voltage detecting circuit, and the output end of the driving portion serves as an output end of the voltage detecting unit.
  • the voltage detecting circuit When the circuit of the present invention simultaneously samples the grid voltage and the DC bus voltage, the voltage detecting circuit includes an AC voltage detecting portion, a bus voltage detecting portion, and a driving portion; and the AC voltage detecting portion includes a voltage sampling unit connected in series, peak hold and a logic judging unit; an input end of the voltage sampling unit and an input end of the bus voltage detecting portion respectively serving as a first sampling end and a second sampling end of the voltage detecting circuit; the peak holding and the output end of the logic judging unit and the bus voltage
  • the output end of the detecting portion is coupled to output a control signal to the driving portion, and the output end of the driving portion serves as an output terminal of the voltage detecting circuit.
  • the voltage sampling unit mainly includes a first diode, a second diode, a fifth resistor, and a sixth resistor; an anode of the first diode is connected to an input end of the AC power grid, and a cathode thereof Connected to the cathode of the second diode and connected to one end of the fifth resistor; the anode of the second diode is connected to the other input of the AC grid; the other end of the fifth resistor is connected to one end of the sixth resistor, The output terminal of the voltage sampling unit is coupled to the peak of the logic judging unit; the other end of the sixth resistor is grounded.
  • the peak hold and logic determining unit mainly includes a first operational amplifier and a first comparator; a forward input end of the first operational amplifier and the voltage sampling The output of the unit is connected, the inverting input is connected to the forward input of the first comparator, and the output is connected to the forward input of the first comparator via a series branch of a resistor and a diode.
  • the inverting input of the first comparator is coupled to the first reference source, and the forward input is connected to its output through a series branch of a resistor and a diode, and the output is maintained as a peak
  • an output terminal of the logic judging unit the first operational amplifier and the inverting input terminal of the first comparator are grounded through the resistive capacitance parallel branch.
  • the driving portion is a switching tube, and the base thereof serves as an input end of the driving portion, and is grounded through a resistor.
  • the collector is used as an output end of the driving portion and is connected to the control terminal of the disconnecting relay, and the emitter thereof is grounded.
  • the bus voltage detecting portion mainly includes a second comparator, and a forward input end of the second comparator serves as a second input end of the voltage detecting circuit, and the serial branch formed by the resistor and the diode and the output end thereof Connected, its inverting input is coupled to a second reference source, and its output is used as an output of the bus voltage detection portion.
  • the hardware overvoltage release circuit of the invention samples the voltage value from the AC input end of the power module, and disconnects the power module from the power grid (generally from the rectifier module in the power module) before the grid voltage rises to the limit value, so that the protection circuit is started.
  • the speed is faster than the speed at which the bus voltage rises to the limit value, and the relay can still operate when the power module does not work except the auxiliary power supply.
  • the circuit of the invention also detects the DC bus voltage as one of the conditions for breaking the relay, and avoids the false protection caused by the instantaneous overvoltage of the AC grid.
  • the circuit of the present invention continuously monitors the grid voltage (or monitors the DC bus voltage at the same time), and when the grid voltage returns to a certain value, the power module is reconnected to the grid, so that the detachment relay 1 works in a snoring state.
  • the auxiliary power supply of the module is always in operation by intermittent charging of the bus capacitors.
  • the voltage detection circuit 2 uses a peak hold circuit, so that the sampling after the power module is disconnected from the AC grid is still accurate.
  • Disengagement relay 1 The series current limiting resistor also protects the relay and miniaturizes the relay while reducing the starting current and limiting the charging voltage, reducing the cost of the system.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the circuit structure of a first embodiment of a hardware overvoltage release circuit according to the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of a sampling unit in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit configuration of the peak hold and logic judging unit 23 in the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit configuration of the driving portion 21 in the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the circuit structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram showing the circuit structure of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the circuit configuration of the alternating current voltage detecting portion and the bus voltage detecting portion 24 in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a block diagram showing the circuit structure of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit configuration of the peak hold and logic judging unit 23 in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a diagram showing the bus voltage waveform when the power module is turned on with input overvoltage in the actual measurement. detailed description
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a hardware overvoltage release circuit of the present invention includes a detachment relay 1 and a voltage detection circuit 2.
  • the voltage detecting circuit 2 includes an alternating current voltage detecting portion and a driving portion 21 connected in series.
  • the AC voltage detecting portion includes a voltage sampling unit 22 and a peak value holding and logic judging unit 23 connected in series.
  • the disconnecting relay 1 is connected in series between the alternating current grid and the rectifying and filtering circuit 4 of the power module, and can be connected in series to any input loop of the rectifying and filtering circuit 4.
  • the movable switch a of the disconnecting relay 1 is connected to one end of the alternating current grid, and the normally closed contact b is connected to the first input end of the rectifying and filtering circuit 4, and the normally open contact c is suspended, and the first end of the coil is connected in parallel by two
  • the connected resistor is connected to the DC power source VCC1, and the second end of the coil is connected as a control terminal to the output terminal of the voltage detecting circuit 2. Also included are two anti-parallel diodes connected between the first end and the second end of the coil of the detachment relay 1.
  • the current limiting resistor connected in series between the AC grid and the detachment relay 1, which also functions to protect the detachment relay 1 and miniaturize the relay while slowing the startup current limiting charging voltage.
  • the resistor is selected to be resistant to power shock.
  • the current limiting resistor can be a thermistor, a cement resistor, or a combination of the two.
  • the voltage detecting circuit 2 does not have a control signal input to the second end of the coil of the disconnecting relay 1, and is detached from the relay. No current flows in the coil of the electric appliance 1, and the movable switch a and the normally closed contact b are connected to the grid and subsequent circuits.
  • the voltage sampling unit 22 includes first to sixth resistors (R1 to R6), a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a filter capacitor C1, and a fourth operational amplifier U4.
  • the voltage sampling unit 22 is respectively connected through a series connection of a first resistor R1, a first diode D1 and a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a second diode D2 and a fourth resistor R4.
  • the branch converts the alternating current AC into a half wave, and then divides the voltage by the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6, and the divided voltage is output to the peak hold and logic judging unit 23 via the fourth operational amplifier U4 connected to the voltage follower.
  • the fourth operational amplifier U4 is used to isolate the front and rear circuits to prevent signal interference.
  • the peak hold and logic judging unit 23 mainly includes a first operational amplifier U1 and a first comparator U2.
  • the positive input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected to the output terminal of the fourth operational amplifier U4, the inverting input terminal thereof is connected to the forward input terminal of the first comparator U2, and the output terminal thereof is passed through the seventh resistor R7 and the A series branch of three diodes D3 is connected to the forward input of the first comparator U2.
  • the inverting input terminal of the first comparator U2 is connected to the first reference source VREF1 through a ninth resistor R9, and the forward input terminal thereof is connected to the output end thereof through a series branch formed by the eighth resistor R8 and the fourth diode D4.
  • the output terminal is connected as the peak hold and the output of the logic judging unit 23 to the input end of the drive section 21.
  • the inverting input terminals of the first operational amplifier U1 and the first comparator U2 are grounded through the resistive capacitance parallel branch.
  • the first operational amplifier U1, the seventh resistor R7 and the third diode D3 complete the peak hold function, and the eighth resistor R8 and the fourth diode D4 are used to set the return difference of the first comparator U2,
  • the four diodes can be reversed and work in the same way.
  • the first reference source VREF1 determines the magnitude of the protection voltage.
  • the disconnection relay 1 When the AC grid is overvoltage, the disconnection relay 1 is disconnected, the power module is disconnected from the AC grid, and the voltage sampling unit 22 located at the front end of the relay 1 can only be half-waveguided to cause the waveform sampling unit 22 to output a waveform half-wave asymmetry.
  • the effect of using the peak hold is to eliminate the RMS sampling error caused by the waveform asymmetry caused by the circuit half-waveguide after the relay is detached.
  • the peak value does not correspond to the RMS value, the RMS detection mode cannot push the actual RMS value of the module input port.
  • the power module does not leave the front rms detection circuit output as 3V, but once the power module is disconnected, the output of the rms detection circuit will become 2.4V due to the half-wave asymmetry. Will cause logic confusion, resulting in inaccurate voltage detection circuit 2, serious power supply The module will be damaged.
  • the peak hold function is used, even if the half-wave is asymmetrical, for the peak hold and logic determination unit 23, the input voltage always has a half-wave peak corresponding to the actual effective value, so that the drive portion 21 can accurately output the control signal to the release relay. 1.
  • the driving portion 21 is driven by a bypass tube Q1, which may be one of a triode, an IGBT or the like.
  • a triode is used in this embodiment.
  • the base of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the output end of the first comparator U2 as the input end of the driving portion 21, the base thereof is simultaneously grounded through the tenth resistor R10, and the collector thereof serves as the output end of the driving portion 21 and the disconnecting relay 1
  • the second end of the coil is connected and its emitter is grounded.
  • the base of the switch Q1 can also be connected to the output of the first comparator U2 via a reverse-connected diode.
  • the circuit of the present invention starts working, and the voltage sampling unit 22 detects the voltage of the AC grid in real time and outputs it to the peak hold and logic judging unit 23, and the first comparator U2 inputs the positive Comparing the effective value of the input terminal with the reference source voltage, once it finds that the grid voltage exceeds the preset value, it outputs a high level to the switch tube Q1, the switch tube Q1 is turned on, and the current in the coil of the disconnection relay 1 passes, leaving the relay 1 When the switch a is switched to the normally open contact c, the power module is disconnected from the AC grid.
  • the first comparator U2 When the AC grid voltage drops again to a certain value (the difference between the value and the preset value is determined by the hysteresis), the first comparator U2 is inverted, and the output low level is to the base of the switch Q1, and the switch Q1 is turned off. The second input end of the coil 1 is disconnected from the relay, and the disconnecting relay 1 does not work.
  • the movable switch a When the movable switch a is switched to the normally open contact c, the power module is again connected to the AC grid.
  • the DC voltage limit of the bus voltage is 450V
  • the disconnection point of the set relay is the AC voltage when the bus voltage after rectification is 450V, which is about 320V.
  • the power module inputs AC at 415V in the AC grid (if it is directly rectified to the bus, the voltage is about 587V).
  • the invention leaves the relay 1 and the power module is disconnected from the grid.
  • the bus voltage begins to drop, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the general power supply module is provided with a DSP module, which can realize software protection.
  • Embodiment 2 the hardware overvoltage release circuit of this embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that The detachment relay 1 is connected in series between the rectification filter circuit 4 and the power factor correction circuit 3 (PFC circuit), and its operation principle is the same as in the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 3 the power factor correction circuit 3
  • a hardware overvoltage release circuit of the present invention includes a detachment relay 1 and a voltage detection circuit 2.
  • the voltage detecting circuit 2 includes an AC voltage detecting portion, a bus voltage detecting portion 24, and a driving portion 21 which are connected in series.
  • the connection mode of the disconnection relay 1 is the same as that in the first embodiment.
  • the circuit structure principle of the AC voltage detecting portion and the driving portion 21 is similar to that of the embodiment:
  • the voltage detecting circuit 2 is the same as that in the first embodiment, and includes a voltage sampling unit 22 connected in series, a peak hold and logic judging unit 23;
  • the circuit configuration of the portion 21 is also the same as that in the first embodiment.
  • the output terminals of the voltage detecting portion 24 are respectively connected to the driving portion 21 through the seventh diode D7 and the eighth diode D8 which are connected in reverse.
  • the second sampling end is connected to the power factor correction circuit 3 of the power module, it is connected to the high voltage end of the DC bus for sampling the DC bus voltage DC.
  • the bus voltage detecting portion 24 is mainly composed of a second comparator U3.
  • the forward input end of the second comparator U3 is connected as the second sampling end of the voltage detecting circuit 2 to the high voltage end of the DC bus, and the series branch formed by the eleventh resistor R11 and the fifth diode D5 and the output end thereof Connected, its inverting input is coupled to a second reference source VREF2, and its output is coupled to the cathode of the eighth diode D8 as an output of the bus voltage detecting portion 24.
  • the anode of the eighth diode D8 is connected to the input terminal of the driving portion 21.
  • the fifth diode D5 can be connected in reverse or in the forward direction.
  • the second embodiment is the same as the second embodiment.
  • the disconnecting relay 1 can be connected in series between the rectifying and filtering circuit 4 and the power factor correcting circuit 3.
  • the working principle is the same as that of the embodiment.
  • this embodiment has an additional disconnecting relay 1, that is, a disconnecting relay 1 is connected in series between the two inputs of the alternating current grid and the rectifying and filtering circuit 4.
  • the control terminals of the two disconnecting relays 1 are connected to the output of the voltage detecting circuit 2.
  • the current limiting resistor R is connected in series before each disconnection of the relay 1.
  • the working principle of the circuit is similar to that of the third embodiment.
  • the second embodiment is the same as the second embodiment.
  • the disconnecting relay 1 can be connected in series between the rectifying and filtering circuit 4 and the power factor correcting circuit 3.
  • the working principle is the same as that of the embodiment.
  • Embodiment 5 is the same as that of the embodiment.
  • This embodiment is applicable to a power module that does not require high protection accuracy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Description

一种硬件过压脱离电路 技术领域
本发明涉及电压检测控制技术， 特别涉及一种当交流电网过压时 将电源模块 （整流模块） 从电网脱离的硬件过压脱离电路。 背景技术
现有技术中， 过压保护存在一个盲区， 模块在上电瞬间， 只依靠 模块正常工作时的保护电路实现模块输入过压保护， 往往存在保护延 迟问题， 这样电源模块便存在遭到损坏的隐患或是直接被损坏。 另外， 电源模块在脱离后， 往往需要通过第二块辅助电源板来实现识别判断 输入电压的功能， 以便在电网电压降低后重新将电源模块接入系统， 但是这样会增加系统成本， 且可靠性也不高。 发明内容
针对现有技术的上述缺陷， 本发明的目的在于提供一种响应及时、 可以在电源模块上电瞬间即行保护的硬件过压脱离电路， 可以在电网 电压上升到设定值 （或电网与直流母线都达到设定值） 时将电源模块 脱离电网、 电网电压恢复到一定值时 （或电网与直流母线电压都恢复 到一定值时） 重新将电源模块接入电网的。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是： 一种硬件过压脱离 电路， 其中包括脱离继电器和电压检测电路， 所述脱离继电器串联连 接在交流电网与电源模块的功率因数校正电路之间； 所述电压检测电 路的第一采样端在交流电网与脱离继电器之间采样交流电网电压， 其 输出端与所述脱离继电器的控制端相连， 用于当交流电网过压时断开 脱离继电器， 将电源模块从交流电网脱离， 当交流电网电压正常后再 将脱离继电器接入。
作为本发明的一个改进， 所述电压检测电路还包括第二采样端， 其在电源模块的直流母线上采样直流母线电压， 用于当交流电网和直 流母线同时过压时断开脱离继电器， 将电源模块从交流电网脱离， 当 交流电网和直流母线电压都正常后再将脱离继电器接入电源模块。 作为本发明的一个实施方式， 所述脱离继电器串联连接在交流电 网与电源模块的整流滤波电路之间。
作为本发明的另一个实施方式， 本发明电路中包括两个脱离继电 器， 分别串联连接在交流电网与所述功率因数校正电路的两路输入之 间， 其控制端都与所述电压检测电路的输出端相连。
具体的， 所述脱离继电器的动开关与交流电网的一端相连， 其常 闭触点与所述整流滤波电路的一个输入端相连， 其常幵触点悬空， 其 线圈的第一端与直流电源相耦合， 其线圈的第二端作为控制端与所述 电压检测电路的输出端相连。
进一步的， 本发明电路还包括串联连接在交流电网与脱离继电器 之间的限流电阻。
当本发明电路中只采样交流电网电压时， 所述电压检测电路包括 串联连接的交流电压检测部分和驱动部分， 所述交流电压检测部分包 括串联连接的电压采样单元和峰值保持与逻辑判断单元； 电压釆样单 元的输入端作为电压检测电路的釆样端， 驱动部分的输出端作为电压 检测单元的输出端。
当本发明电路同时采样电网电压和直流母线电压时， 所述电压检 测电路包括交流电压检测部分、 母线电压检测部分和驱动部分； 所述 交流电压检测部分包括串联连接的电压采样单元、 峰值保持与逻辑判 断单元； 所述电压采样单元的输入端和母线电压检测部分的输入端分 别作为电压检测电路的第一采样端和第二采样端； 所述峰值保持与逻 辑判断单元的输出端和母线电压检测部分的输出端耦合后输出控制信 号到驱动部分， 所述驱动部分的输出端作为电压检测电路的输出端。
进一步的， 所述电压采样单元主要包括第一二极管、 第二二极管、 第五电阻和第六电阻； 所述第一二极管的阳极与交流电网的一个输入 端相连， 其阴极与第二二极管的阴极相连后与第五电阻的一端相连； 第二二极管的阳极与交流电网的另一个输入端相连； 第五电阻的另一 端与第六电阻的一端相连， 同时作为电压釆样单元的输出端与峰值保 持与逻辑判断单元的输入端耦合； 第六电阻的另一端接地。
进一步的， 所述峰值保持与逻辑判断单元主要包括第一运算放大 器和第一比较器； 所述第一运算放大器的正向输入端与所述电压采样 单元的输出端相连， 其反向输入端与所述第一比较器的正向输入端相 连， 其输出端通过电阻和二极管组成的串联支路与所述第一比较器的 正向输入端相连， 用于峰值保持； 所述第一比较器的反向输入端与第 一基准源相耦合， 其正向输入端通过电阻和二极管组成的串联支路与 其输出端相连， 其输出端作为峰值保持与逻辑判断单元的输出端； 所 述第一运算放大器和第一比较器的反向输入端都通过阻容并联支路接 地。
进一步的， 所述驱动部分为一开关管， 其基极作为驱动部分的输 入端， 同时通过一电阻接地， 其集电极作为驱动部分的输出端与脱离 继电器的控制端相连， 其发射极接地。
具体的， 所述母线电压检测部分主要包括第二比较器， 所述第二 比较器的正向输入端作为电压检测电路的第二输入端， 其通过电阻和 二极管组成的串联支路与其输出端相连， 其反向输入端与第二基准源 相耦合， 其输出端作为母线电压检测部分的输出端。
本发明硬件过压脱离电路从电源模块的交流输入端釆样电压值， 在电网电压上升到极限值之前就将电源模块脱离电网 （一般是脱离电 源模块中的整流模块）， 使得保护电路的启动速度快于母线电压上升到 极限值的速度， 且当电源模块除辅助电源外都不工作的情况下继电器 仍然可以动作。 本发明电路同时还检测直流母线电压作为是否开断继 电器的条件之一， 避免了交流电网瞬间过压产生的误保护。 同时当电 源模块从电网脱离后， 本发明电路继续监视电网电压 （或同时监视直 流母线电压）， 当电网电压恢复到一定值时重新将电源模块接入电网， 使得脱离继电器 1 工作在打嗝状态， 通过母线电容的间歇充电使得模 块的辅助电源始终保持在工作状态。 电压检测电路 2采用峰值保持电 路， 使得电源模块脱离交流电网后的采样依然准确。 脱离继电器 1 串 联限流电阻在减缓启动电流、 限制充电电压的同时也起到了保护继电 器和使继电器小型化的作用， 降低了系统的成本。 附图说明
图 1是本发明一种硬件过压脱离电路实施例一的电路结构框图。 图 2是本发明中采样单元的电路结构原理图。 图 3是本发明中峰值保持与逻辑判断单元 23的电路结构原理图。 图 4是本发明中驱动部分 21的电路结构原理图。
图 5是本发明实施例二的电路结构框图。
图 6是本发明实施例三的电路结构框图。
图 7是本发明实施例三中交流电压检测部分和母线电压检测部分 24的电路结构原理图。
图 8是本发明实施例四的电路结构框图。
图 9是本发明实施例五中峰值保持与逻辑判断单元 23的电路结构 原理图。
图 10是在实测中电源模块在输入过压情况下开机时母线电压波形 图。 具体实施方式
下面根据附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。
实施例一：
如图 1所示， 本发明一种硬件过压脱离电路包括脱离继电器 1和 电压检测电路 2。电压检测电路 2包括串联连接的交流电压检测部分和 驱动部分 21。交流电压检测部分包括串联连接的电压采样单元 22和峰 值保持与逻辑判断单元 23。
其中， 脱离继电器 1 串联连接在交流电网与电源模块的整流滤波 电路 4之间， 可以串联连接在整流滤波电路 4的任一输入回路上。 脱 离继电器 1 的动开关 a与交流电网的一端相连， 其常闭触点 b与整流 滤波电路 4的第一输入端相连， 其常开触点 c悬空， 其线圈的第一端 通过两个并联连接的电阻与直流电源 VCC1相连， 其线圈的第二端作 为控制端与电压检测电路 2的输出端相连。还包括两个反并联二极管， 连接在脱离继电器 1 线圈第一端与第二端之间。 还包括串联连接在交 流电网与脱离继电器 1 之间的限流电阻 ， 其在减缓启动电流限制充 电电压的同时也起到了保护脱离继电器 1 和使继电器小型化的作用， 此电阻选用抗功率冲击型。 在实际应用中， 该限流电阻可以是热敏电 阻、 水泥电阻或者两者串连而成。 在电网电压正常的情况下， 电压检 测电路 2并没有控制信号输入到脱离继电器 1线圈的第二端， 脱离继 电器 1线圈中无电流流过， 其动开关 a与常闭触点 b接通电网与后续 电路。
如图 2所示， 电压采样单元 22包括第一到第六电阻 （R1到 R6)、 第一二极管 Dl、 第二二极管 D2、滤波电容 C1和第四运算放大器 U4。 其中， 电压釆样单元 22分别通过第一电阻 Rl、第一二极管 D1和第二 电阻 R2组成的串联支路、 第三电阻 R3、 第二二极管 D2和第四电阻 R4组成的串联支路将交流电 AC转换为半波， 再通过第五电阻 R5和 第六电阻 R6分压，分压后的电压经连接成电压跟随器的第四运算放大 器 U4输出到峰值保持与逻辑判断单元 23。 其中， 第四运算放大器 U4 用于隔离前后电路， 防止信号干扰。
如图 3所示， 峰值保持与逻辑判断单元 23主要包括第一运算放大 器 U1和第一比较器 U2。 第一运算放大器 U1 的正向输入端与上述第 四运算放大器 U4的输出端相连， 其反向输入端与第一比较器 U2的正 向输入端相连， 其输出端通过第七电阻 R7和第三二极管 D3组成的串 联支路与第一比较器 U2的正向输入端相连。 第一比较器 U2的反向输 入端通过第九电阻 R9与第一基准源 VREF1相连， 其正向输入端通过 第八电阻 R8和第四二极管 D4组成的串联支路与其输出端相连， 其输 出端作为峰值保持与逻辑判断单元 23的输出端与驱动部分 21 的输入 端相连。 第一运算放大器 U1和第一比较器 U2的反向输入端都通过阻 容并联支路接地。 其中， 第一运算放大器 Ul、 第七电阻 R7和第三二 极管 D3完成峰值保持功能， 第八电阻 R8和第四二极管 D4用于设定 第一比较器 U2的回差大小， 第四二极管可以反接， 工作原理相同。第 一基准源 VREF1确定保护电压的大小。 当交流电网过压时， 脱离继电 器 1断幵， 电源模块与交流电网脱离， 位于脱离继电器 1前端的电压 采样单元 22只能半波导通造成电压采样单元 22输出波形半波不对称。 使用峰值保持的作用在于消除继电器脱离后电路半波导通造成的波形 不对称引起的有效值采样误差， 当峰值与有效值不对应时有效值检测 方式不能倒推出模块输入端口的实际有效值。 例如， 当交流电网输入 有效值为 300V, 电源模块没有脱离前有效值检测电路输出为 3V， 一 但电源模块脱离， 由于半波不对称此时有效值检测电路的输出将变为 2.4V, 这将造成逻辑混乱， 导致电压检测电路 2不准确， 严重时电源 模块会被损坏。 使用峰值保持功能后， 即使半波不对称， 对于峰值保 持与逻辑判断单元 23来说， 输入电压总有一个半波的峰值与实际有效 值对应， 使得驱动部分 21可以准确输出控制信号到脱离继电器 1。
如图 4所示， 驱动部分 21由一个幵关管 Q1完成驱动功能， 该开 关管可以是三极管、 IGBT等开关管中的一种。本实施例中采用三极管。 开关管 Q1的基极作为驱动部分 21 的输入端与上述第一比较器 U2的 输出端相连， 其基极同时通过第十电阻 R10接地， 其集电极作为驱动 部分 21的输出端与脱离继电器 1线圈的第二端相连， 其发射极接地。 其中，开关管 Q1的基极也可以通过一个反向连接的二极管与第一比较 器 U2的输出端相连。
这样， 从电源模块一上电开始， 本发明电路即开始工作， 电压釆 样单元 22实时检测交流电网的电压， 并输出到峰值保持与逻辑判断单 元 23中， 第一比较器 U2将输入其正向输入端的有效值与基准源电压 进行比较，一旦发现电网电压超过预设值便输出一高电平到开关管 Q1， 开关管 Q1导通， 脱离继电器 1线圈中有电流通过， 脱离继电器 1动开 关 a切换到常开触点 c上， 则电源模块脱离交流电网。 当交流电网电 压再次下降到一定值 （该值和上述预设值的差值由回差决定） 后， 第 一比较器 U2翻转， 输出低电平到开关管 Q1的基极， 开关管 Q1截止， 脱离继电器 1线圈第二输入端相当于悬空， 脱离继电器 1不工作， 其 动开关 a切换到常开触点 c上， 则电源模块再次接入交流电网。
在实际应用中母线电压 DC极限值为 450V， 设定继电器的脱离点 为整流后母线电压为 450V时的交流电压， 大约为 320V左右。 在实际 测试中， 电源模块在交流电网输入 AC为 415V开机（如果直接整流到 母线， 电压为 587V左右）， 当母线电压到达 0.916*500=458V时本发 明脱离继电器 1 动作， 电源模块脱离电网， 母线电压幵始下降， 如图 10所示。 一般的电源模块中都设置有 DSP模块， 可以实现软件保护， 但是 DSP模块在电源模块刚刚开机时本身不能立即上电工作， 而本发 明可以实现开机即行保护， 弥补了开机瞬间无保护的空白。 实施例二- 如图 5所示， 本实施例硬件过压脱离电路与实施例一的区别在于 脱离继电器 1串联连接在整流滤波电路 4与功率因素校正电路 3 (PFC 电路） 之间， 其工作原理与实施例一中相同。 实施例三：
如图 6、 图 7所示，本发明一种硬件过压脱离电路包括脱离继电器 1和电压检测电路 2。 电压检测电路 2包括串联连接的交流电压检测部 分、母线电压检测部分 24和驱动部分 21。其中， 脱离继电器 1的连接 方式与实施例一中的相同。交流电压检测部分和驱动部分 21的电路结 构原理与实施例一种的相似： 电压检测电路 2 与实施例一中相同， 包 括串联连接的电压釆样单元 22、 峰值保持与逻辑判断单元 23 ; 驱动部 分 21的电路结构也与实施例一中的相同。不同的是： 电压采样单元 22 的输入端和母线电压检测部分 24的输入端分别作为电压检测电路 2的 第一采样端和第二釆样端； 峰值保持与逻辑判断单元 23的输出端和母 线电压检测部分 24的输出端分别通过反向连接的第七二极管 D7和第 八二极管 D8相连后， 输出控制信号到驱动部分 21。 上述第二采样端 连接到电源模块的功率因素校正电路 3之后， 即连接到直流母线的高 电压端， 用于采样直流母线电压 DC。
母线电压检测部分 24主要由第二比较器 U3组成。第二比较器 U3 的正向输入端作为电压检测电路 2 的第二采样端与直流母线高电压端 相连，同时通过第十一电阻 R11和第五二极管 D5组成的串联支路与其 输出端相连， 其反向输入端与第二基准源 VREF2相耦合， 其输出端作 为母线电压检测部分 24的输出端与第八二极管 D8的阴极相连。 第八 二极管 D8的阳极与驱动部分 21的输入端相连。其中， 第五二极管 D5 可以反向连接， 也可以正向连接。
这样， 只有当交流电网和直流母线电压同时过压时， 脱离继电器 1 才脱离电网， 当交流电网和直流母线电压都正常后再将脱离继电器 1 接入。 提高了系统的抗扰性和动作准确性。
同实施例二相同的， 本实施例中， 脱离继电器 1 可以串联连接在 整流滤波电路 4与功率因素校正电路 3之间， 其工作原理与本实施例 电路相同。 实施例四：
如图 8所示， 本实施例与实施例三相比， 多了一个脱离继电器 1， 即： 交流电网与整流滤波电路 4的两路输入之间分别串联一个脱离继 电器 1。两个脱离继电器 1的控制端都与电压检测电路 2的输出端相连。 每个脱离继电器 1之前都串联限流电阻 R。 电路的工作原理与实施例 三相似。
同实施例二相同的， 本实施例中， 脱离继电器 1 可以串联连接在 整流滤波电路 4与功率因素校正电路 3之间， 其工作原理与本实施例 电路相同。 实施例五：
本实施例与上述实施例的区别在于峰值保持与逻辑判断电路不再 使用峰值保持功能， 釆样选用平均值方式， 如图 9所示。 本实施例适 用于对保护精度要求不高的电源模块。

Claims

权利要求书
1、一种硬件过压脱离电路，其中包括脱离继电器和电压检测电路， 其特征在于:所述脱离继电器串联连接在交流电网与电源模块的功率因 数校正电路之间； 所述电压检测电路的第一采样端在交流电网与脱离 继电器之间釆样交流电网电压， 其输出端与所述脱离继电器的控制端 相连， 用于当交流电网过压时断开脱离继电器， 将电源模块从交流电 网脱离， 当交流电网电压正常后再将脱离继电器接入。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于： 所述 电压检测电路还包括第二釆样端， 其在电源模块的直流母线上釆样直 流母线电压， 用于当交流电网和直流母线同时过压时断开脱离继电器， 将电源模块从交流电网脱离， 当交流电网和直流母线电压都正常后再 将脱离继电器接入电源模块。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于- 所述脱离继电器串联连接在交流电网与电源模块的整流滤波电路之 间。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于： 包括两个脱离继电器， 分别串联连接在交流电网与所述功率因数校正 电路的两路输入之间， 其控制端都与所述电压检测电路的输出端相连。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于： 所述脱离继电器的动开关与交流电网的一端相连， 其常闭触点与所述 整流滤波电路的一个输入端相连， 其常开触点悬空， 其线圈的第一端 与直流电源相耦合， 其线圈的第二端作为控制端与所述电压检测电路 的输出端相连。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于： 还包 括串联连接在交流电网与脱离继电器之间的限流电阻。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于： 所述 电压检测电路包括串联连接的交流电压检测部分和驱动部分， 所述交 流电压检测部分包括串联连接的电压采样单元和峰值保持与逻辑判断 单元； 电压采样单元的输入端作为电压检测电路的采样端， 驱动部分 的输出端作为电压检测单元的输出端。
8、 根据权利要求 2所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于： 所述 电压检测电路包括交流电压检测部分、 母线电压检测部分和驱动部分； 所述交流电压检测部分包括串联连接的电压采样单元、 峰值保持与逻 辑判断单元； 所述电压采样单元的输入端和母线电压检测部分的输入 端分别作为电压检测电路的第一采样端和第二采样端； 所述峰值保持 与逻辑判断单元的输出端和母线电压检测部分的输出端耦合后输出控 制信号到驱动部分， 所述驱动部分的输出端作为电压检测电路的输出 端。
9、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于： 所述电压采样单元主要包括第一二极管、 第二二极管、 第五电阻和第 六电阻； 所述第一二极管的阳极与交流电网的一个输入端相连， 其阴 极与第二二极管的阴极相连后与第五电阻的一端相连； 第二二极管的 阳极与交流电网的另一个输入端相连； 第五电阻的另一端与第六电阻 的一端相连， 同时作为电压采样单元的输出端与峰值保持与逻辑判断 单元的输入端耦合； 第六电阻的另一端接地。
10、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于： 所述峰值保持与逻辑判断单元主要包括第一运算放大器和第一比较 器； 所述第一运算放大器的正向输入端与所述电压采样单元的输出端 相连， 其反向输入端与所述第一比较器的正向输入端相连， 其输出端 通过电阻和二极管组成的串联支路与所述第一比较器的正向输入端相 连， 用于峰值保持； 所述第一比较器的反向输入端与第一基准源相耦 合， 其正向输入端通过电阻和二极管组成的串联支路与其输出端相连， 其输出端作为峰值保持与逻辑判断单元的输出端； 所述第一运算放大 器和第一比较器的反向输入端都通过阻容并联支路接地。
11、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于: 所述驱动部分为一开关管， 其基极作为驱动部分的输入端， 同时通过 一电阻接地， 其集电极作为驱动部分的输出端与脱离继电器的控制端 相连， 其发射极接地。
12、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的硬件过压脱离电路， 其特征在于: 所述母线电压检测部分主要包括第二比较器， 所述第二比较器的正向 输入端作为电压检测电路的第二输入端， 其通过电阻和二极管组成的 串联支路与其输出端相连， 其反向输入端与第二基准源相耦合， 其输 出端作为母线电压检测部分的输出端。
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