WO2007145216A1 - ペロブスカイト型酸化物微粒子、ペロブスカイト型酸化物担持粒子、触媒材料、酸素還元用触媒材料、燃料電池用触媒材料、燃料電池用電極 - Google Patents
ペロブスカイト型酸化物微粒子、ペロブスカイト型酸化物担持粒子、触媒材料、酸素還元用触媒材料、燃料電池用触媒材料、燃料電池用電極 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/0018—Mixed oxides or hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/009—Compounds containing iron, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
- H01M4/9025—Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC
- H01M4/9033—Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/30—Three-dimensional structures
- C01P2002/34—Three-dimensional structures perovskite-type (ABO3)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/77—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by unit-cell parameters, atom positions or structure diagrams
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- Perovskite oxide fine particles perovskite oxide-supported particles, catalyst materials, oxygen reduction catalyst materials, fuel cell catalyst materials, fuel cell electrodes
- the present invention relates to fine particles of a velovskite-type oxide having a specific crystal lattice constant. More specifically, the present invention mainly includes a perovskite-type oxide crystal structure of a transition metal containing a transition metal element in a constituent element. Perovskite-type oxide fine particles having a crystal lattice constant in a specific range as a phase, perovskite-type oxide-supported particles having this supported on a conductive carrier, and using these The present invention relates to fuel cell electrodes and the like. Background art
- metal particles, alloy particles, metal oxide particles and the like supported on carrier particles are widely used as various catalysts such as deodorizing, antibacterial, automobile exhaust gas purification, fuel cells, NOx reduction, and the like.
- the carrier particles in this case, metal oxides such as titanium oxide, acid zirconium, acid iron, acid nickel, acid cobalt and the like, carbon and the like are mainly used.
- a catalyst using conductive carbon particles as a carrier is effective as a catalyst for an electrode of a fuel cell.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that platinum particles supported on corrosion-resistant oxide particles such as cerium oxide and zirconium oxide are supported on a carbon carrier to suppress aggregation of the platinum particles. It is described that it can.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 noble metal particles such as platinum are supported on the surface of the perovskite-type titanic acid oxide particles.
- perovskite-type oxides which are a kind of transition metal oxides, are known to have an action of decomposing NOx, which is disclosed in Patent Document 4.
- NOx catalytic catalysts supported on a carrier have been proposed.
- Patent Document 5 describes that a precious metal such as Pt, Pd, and Rh supported on a perovskite-type Fe oxide as a support has excellent catalytic action even at a high temperature exceeding 500 ° C. Has been.
- Patent Document 6 describes perovskite-type Fe acid oxide (represented by the general formula AFeO).
- Some perovskite-type composite metal oxides containing transition metal elements such as iron, cobalt, and nickel have been put into practical use as air electrode catalysts for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).
- Solid oxide fuel cells are used at high temperatures of about 800 ° C or higher. Under such high temperature conditions, the transition metal elements themselves function as catalysts capable of decomposing oxygen. Known to do.
- Patent Document 7 discloses that a metal oxide particle such as alumina, silica, acid-manganese oxide, iron oxide, and acid-cobalt and platinum particles are both supported on carbon particles, thereby supporting the carrier. It is described that it is possible to suppress sintering of platinum particles and to reduce expensive platinum particles.
- Patent Document 8 A method in which fine particles are fixed to the surface of a carrier from a fine particle dispersion in which fine particles are previously dispersed.
- Known examples using such a liquid phase method include Patent Document 8 and Patent Document 9.
- Patent Document 8 carbon particles carrying platinum on the surface are dispersed in a mixed solution of another predetermined metal salt, and the metal hydroxide is added to the carbon particles with an alkali agent.
- alloy particles platinum, molybdenum, nickel, iron, 4 elemental alloy particles
- the supported alloy fine particles are about 3 nm or more.
- Patent Document 9 in obtaining particles in which vanadium pentoxide is supported on carbon, an organic solvent is added to the organic vanadium solution to solvate it to produce an organic complex, which is adsorbed on the carbon. The method of carrying is taken. In this case, the vanadium pentoxide supported on the carbon is amorphous.
- Patent Document 10 synthesizes perovskite-type ferric oxide particles that contain Pd in the crystal lattice when the perovskite-type iron oxide fine particles are supported on a carrier.
- a method is described in which the slurry prepared in this manner is coated on a carrier and then heat-treated.
- the perovskite-type ferric oxide particles synthesized by force are of submicron size
- the carrier is a carrier having an area enough to apply the slurry.
- Patent Document 11 describes a method of supporting metal oxide particles on a carbon-based material by plasma treatment using microwaves. Specific examples of this are examples in which acid titanium, acid nickel, and cobalt oxide are supported on carbon. It is stated that it can be done. According to this method, the metal oxide that has been difficult to be supported on carbon because carbon, which is a support having a high oxidation temperature, burns can be supported on the carbon-based support. Yes, but special equipment is required for plasma treatment.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-363056
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-50759
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-50760
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-5-261289
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-269578
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-321986
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-270873
- Patent Document 8 JP-A-5-217586
- Patent Document 9 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-36303
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-41866
- Patent Document 11 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11 28357
- transition metal oxides themselves are known as various catalysts and are known substances as co-catalysts for improving corrosion resistance.
- perovskite-type oxides are solid acids.
- Velobskite-type oxides that are used as catalysts for soot-type fuel cells, and some of their constituent elements are replaced with precious metals, especially palladium, are known as catalysts for exhaust gas purification. It can be said that it is a material of.
- the carrier is made of a particulate material that has conductivity, such as carbon black and other powerful single particles, and that can be easily obtained at low cost.
- a particulate material that has conductivity, such as carbon black and other powerful single particles, and that can be easily obtained at low cost.
- SO FC solid oxide fuel cell
- the present invention mainly provides a catalyst for an electrode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the metal oxide particles themselves that reduce the amount of platinum used. To do.
- the present inventors do not have an activity to reduce oxygen molecules at a low temperature of 300 ° C or less at normal temperature.
- transition metal oxides we found for the first time that oxygen molecules can be reduced / dissociated under certain conditions, even at room temperature, accompanying the oxidation / reduction activity of the contained transition metal elements. . Although the reason for these phenomena is not clear, the oxidation / reduction activity of transition metal elements occurs with the movement of oxygen atoms in the perovskite lattice, and this movement of oxygen atoms is adsorbed on the surface. It may also have an effect on the reduction and dissociation of oxygen molecules.
- the present inventors have found for the first time that the lattice constant of a perovskite oxide plays an important role as a condition that enables reduction / dissociation of oxygen molecules. Such phenomena and correlations have been a completely unknown force and are technological discoveries.
- the range of lattice constants effective for the reduction and dissociation of oxygen molecules is a very narrow range, and the inventors of the present invention have developed a belobskite-type oxide having such a lattice constant. Make porridge We studied diligently to do this.
- the lattice constant of an oxide has a complex influence on the ionic radius of the constituent elements, the abundance ratio, the amount of lattice defects, and the particle diameter in the case of nanometer (nm) size fine particles. Will change and will require detailed fine-tuning.
- perovskite-type oxides containing iron as the main element, lanthanum is mainly used as the A-site element because of the ionic radius. We found that it is effective to add elements to the iron site, resulting in perovskite-type oxides having a lattice constant within a specific range.
- the present invention relates to perovskite-type oxide fine particles containing a transition metal element and having a crystal lattice constant within a specific range, and has an optimal crystal lattice constant for reduction and dissociation of oxygen molecules.
- the transition metal oxide particles themselves are configured to exhibit oxygen reduction activity at room temperature. The realization of such perovskite-type oxide fine particles is a great clue to a solution for reducing the amount of platinum used.
- the elements represented by A are lanthanum, strontium, cerium, calcium, yttrium, enorebium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, kaium, magnesium, norium, niobium, lead, bismuth, (One or more elements selected from antimony are shown.
- the element shown by B is one or more elements selected from iron, conoleto, manganese, copper, titanium, chromium, nickel, molybdenum force)
- the perovskite oxide fine particles according to [1] which mainly contain iron as the element (B element) represented by B.
- the perovskite acid oxide fine particles according to [1] having an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 nm.
- the noble metal may be a noble metal element that replaces a part of the elements constituting the oxide crystal lattice, or a noble metal crystal that forms a complex with the oxide crystal, or a noble metal particle.
- Perovskite-type oxide-supported particles obtained by supporting the perovskite-type acid oxide fine particles according to any one of [1] to [6] on a conductive support.
- Perovskite-type oxide fine particles in perovskite-type oxide-supported particles Load capacity Weight ratio (“weight of velovskite-type oxide fine particles” Z “weight of the oxide-supported particles as a whole”)
- the perovskite oxide-carrying particles according to [7] which are 5 to 50% by weight
- a catalyst material for oxygen reduction comprising the perovskite oxide fine particles according to any one of [1] to [6] as a main component.
- a fuel cell electrode comprising the fuel cell catalyst material according to [12].
- the present invention is a perovskite-type oxide containing a transition metal element, and the oxygen reduction activity is manifested by the movement of the oxygen element in the crystal lattice by setting the crystal lattice constant within a specific range. It is possible to obtain velovskite-type acid oxide fine particles characterized in that The resulting fine particles are useful as force sword electrodes for fuel cells. Further, by supporting these perovskite type oxide fine particles on a conductive carrier such as carbon, a more excellent effect as a fuel cell electrode catalyst is exhibited.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one structural example of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell. It is a schematic cross section of a general membrane electrode assembly.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of perovskite-type oxide support particles).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a CV curve obtained in Example 5 using the particles produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a CV curve obtained in Example 5 using the particles produced in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing lattice constants of particles obtained in each example and comparative example.
- any known production method may be applied.
- metal particles are dispersed by dispersing carrier particles in the solution. Is adsorbed on the surface of the carrier particles, and dried to deposit oxide fine particle precursors on the surface of the carrier, followed by heat treatment to produce perovskite-type oxide-supported particles.
- Type oxide-supported particles are functional materials that are particularly suitable for use in power sword electrode catalyst applications for fuel cells. 1. 402 ⁇ 2b / (a + c) ⁇ l. 422 (1)
- a and c represent the length of each minor axis of the perovskite crystal lattice, and b represents the length of the major axis.
- the amount of use of noble metal elements such as platinum is reduced because the use of oxygen atoms in and out of the crystal lattice caused by the oxidation and reduction activity of transition metal elements as an electrode catalyst for fuel cells. It can be expected to become a clue for developing the function of the catalyst without using it.
- Perovskite type oxide fine particles of the present invention will be described in detail.
- Perovskite type structure A transition metal element contained as the main element at the B site of ABO
- transition metal elements such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), cobalt (Co), etc. It is preferable that at least one of iron, copper, and manganese is contained as an element that can have magnetism.
- the force using iron as the main element of the B site Generally, perovskite-type oxides are often magnetic by adding additional elements, etc. Is not limited to iron. In any case, it is more preferable that an element having a possibility of becoming a ferromagnetic substance in the crystal lattice is a main element.
- perovskite type oxides that are ferromagnetic materials often exhibit excellent conductivity, and ion mobility in the crystal lattice is often high.
- the high ion mobility means that oxygen atoms in the crystal lattice easily move, and oxygen enters and exits the crystal surface more easily.
- the metal element at the A site may exist stably.
- one or more transition metal elements of a different type from the B site may be selected from the above transition metal elements.
- Other metal elements include lanthanum (La), strontium, cerium (Ce), and calcium ( Ca), Yttrium (Y), Erbium (Er), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Palladium (Eu), Ca (Si), Magnesium (Mg), Norium ( Even if one or more elements are selected from elements such as Ba), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), niobium (Nb), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi) and antimony (Sb) good.
- the iron element is the main element. Therefore, the force mainly using lanthanum elements.
- These elements are appropriately selected according to the type of element selected as the B element.
- an additive element is selected in order to manipulate the lattice constant within an optimum range.
- platinum element is used for lanthanum-iron-based perovskite type oxides because platinum element is optimal.
- the lattice constant is changed,
- the element is not limited to platinum element as long as it can be made a ferromagnetic composition. Any type can be used as long as it can exist stably in the crystal lattice.
- the perovskite-type oxide fine particles of the present invention have conductivity per se, in order to improve the characteristics from the force that can be used as a catalyst for an electrode even if they are used, It can also be supported on a conductive carrier.
- a conductive carrier for example, in the case of carbon particles, acetylene black, ketjen black, furnace carbon, etc. such as Denka Black (registered trademark) manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. and Vulcan (registered trademark) manufactured by CABOT are used.
- Perovskite-type acid oxide particles are supported on a particle carrier.
- a general fine particle supporting method which may be any method may be used.
- the average particle size of the perovskite type oxide-supporting particles as the final product is preferably 20 to 70 nm! /. Even if the average particle size is 20 nm or less, there is no problem in the catalytic performance of the end product, the supported particles of the velovite-type acid oxide, but the particles are small in the synthesis process, so that the particles are uniformly dispersed and the aggregation is intense. Is not preferable because it becomes difficult. Even when the average particle size is 70 nm or more, the catalytic ability of the final product is not completely lost.
- the average particle diameter of the carbon particles is also obtained as an average force of 100 particles observed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) photograph.
- the amount of metal element contained in the solution so that the perovskite Sani ⁇ amount in perovskite Sani ⁇ carrying particles as the final raw formed product becomes 5-50 wt 0/0 ⁇ Rub.
- the amount of the perovskite-type oxide supported in the perovskite-type oxide-supported particles is less than 5% by weight.
- the effective catalyst amount as a whole is small. Therefore, its function may be difficult to be exhibited, and even if it is 50% by weight or more, there is no problem. Overlap or agglomerate This is not preferable.
- these perovskite oxide fine particles can be used alone, and a combination of velovskite oxide oxide particles and noble metal particles can be used. It can also be used.
- the composition of the force perovskite type oxides showing the basic particle structure needs to be selected individually for each.
- any combination of elements constituting the perovskite type oxide can be used as long as it can exist stably, but the composition needs to be within a range where an optimum lattice constant can be obtained.
- the lattice constant is not determined only by the composition, and varies depending on the particle size, synthesis conditions, and the like. Therefore, the combination of elements, composition, particle size, synthesis conditions, etc., which are optimum for each individual are all different and need to be adjusted for each.
- the transition metal element is included, the crystal lattice constant is within the range of the following conditional expression (1), and the crystallite size is in the range of lnm to 20nm.
- the lattice constants a, b, and c are the length of each minor axis and b is the length of the major axis, respectively.
- the electrode When the value of the lattice constant satisfies the conditional expression (1), the electrode is effective as a fuel cell electrode. However, when the value outside the boundary is taken, the performance gradually decreases. I don't like it.
- the average particle size of each particle is determined from the average of 100 particles observed in a TEM photograph. At this time, even if the crystallite size of the perovskite-type oxide fine particles is less than 1 nm, it is considered that the characteristics as a catalyst are not strong, but the lattice spacing of the perovskite-type oxide fine particles is usually 0.5 nm. (5A) Since the crystal structure is often around, the number of lattice points is too small, so stable bonding does not occur, and it becomes difficult to maintain the structure of the oxide. It is very difficult to produce by itself.
- the crystallite size of the perovskite-type oxide fine particles is preferably 1 to 20 nm.
- a fine particle of 20 nm or less rarely takes a polycrystalline structure within one particle, and in most cases becomes a single crystal particle. Therefore, the average particle size of the held fine particles can be determined from the average crystallite size determined from the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum, in addition to the method of determining the average from the TEM photograph.
- fine particles having a particle diameter of several nanometers or less it is preferable to obtain from an average crystallite size that causes a large measurement error when visually determining the particle diameter from a TEM photograph or the like.
- the size of the crystallites contained in the coarse particles may be measured, so the average crystallite size was obtained. Check if the particle size and particle size observed by TEM are consistent It is necessary.
- a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum is measured, and a crystal lattice constant is calculated from the obtained peak position.
- a range of 20 to 80 degrees is sufficient.
- the powder has a cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve of about 0.
- a redox peak that appears to be derived from iron appears in the range of 6 to 0.8 V.
- the higher the activity the clearer the activity peak appearing on the CV curve, and the smaller the difference between the activity energy of acid reduction.
- the activity peak on the CV curve becomes broader, and the energy difference between each activity energy of acid reduction reduction increases, or the activity peak itself does not appear. Is possible.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional structure of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell.
- This membrane electrode assembly 10 includes an air electrode 2 disposed on one side of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 in the thickness direction, a fuel electrode 3 disposed on the other side, and an air disposed outside the air electrode 2.
- the electrode gas diffusion layer 4 and the fuel electrode gas diffusion layer 5 disposed outside the fuel electrode 3 are provided.
- the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is a polyperfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane, specifically “Nafion” (product name) manufactured by DuPont, and “Flemion” (product name) manufactured by Asahi Glass.
- Catalyst-supported carbon particles, a polymer material, and a binder as necessary are mixed in a solvent mainly composed of a lower alcohol such as ethanol and propanol, and a magnetic stirrer, ball mill, ultrasonic disperser, etc. Disperse using a general dispersing device to make a catalyst paint. At this time, the viscosity of the paint should be optimized according to the application method. Adjust the amount of solvent. Next, the air electrode 2 or the fuel electrode 3 is formed using the obtained catalyst paint, and the following three methods (1) to (3) are generally used as the subsequent procedure. Can be mentioned. Any method can be used as the means for evaluating the fine particle-supporting carbon particles of the present invention, but it is important to unify and evaluate the production methods for any one of them when performing comparative evaluation.
- the electrode membrane is bonded to both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane by hot pressing or hot roll pressing, and then gas diffusion layers are arranged on both sides of the air electrode and the fuel electrode, respectively, and hot pressed to integrate them. Then, a membrane electrode assembly is produced.
- the obtained catalyst paint is applied to the air electrode gas diffusion layer and the fuel electrode gas diffusion layer, respectively, and dried to form the air electrode and the fuel electrode.
- the coating method is a spray coating or screen printing method.
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane is sandwiched between the gas diffusion layers on which these electrode membranes are formed and integrated by hot pressing to produce a membrane electrode assembly.
- the obtained catalyst paint is applied to both surfaces of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane by a method such as spray coating and dried to form an air electrode and a fuel electrode. After that, gas diffusion layers are arranged on both sides of the air electrode and the fuel electrode, and are hot-pressed to be integrated together to produce a membrane electrode assembly.
- a current collector plate (not shown) is provided on each of the air electrode 2 side and the fuel electrode 3 side for electrical connection.
- Vulcan XC-72 registered trademark, carbon black manufactured by CABOT, average particle diameter of 30 nm, the same shall apply hereinafter
- carbon particles 2 g were added with an aqueous solution containing the above citrate complex ion. It was impregnated and the complex compound was adsorbed on the Vulcan surface.
- the carbon particles were heat-treated in nitrogen at 600 ° C. and then washed with water to obtain perovskite-type composite oxide fine particles La (Fe Pt) 0 -supported carbon particles.
- Example 1 According to the production method of the fine particle-supported carbon particles of Example 1, Example 1 and Example 1 except that lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate, iron nitrate nonahydrate and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate were dissolved in 100 ml of water. Similarly, an aqueous solution containing iron and platinum citrate complex ions was prepared, carbon particles were impregnated with an aqueous solution containing a total of 10 Oml of citrate complex ions, and the complex compound was adsorbed on the Vulcan surface. After that, heating at 90 ° C for about 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, followed by heat treatment at 600 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, the perovskite complex oxide fine particles La (Fe Pt) 0 -supported carbon particles were obtained.
- lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate, iron nitrate nonahydrate and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate were dissolved in 100 ml of water.
- the iron nitrate nonahydrate was changed from 1.98 g to 2.04 g, and the chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate was changed from 0.14 g to 0.06 g.
- an aqueous solution containing iron and platinum citrate complex ions was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and a total of 100 ml of an aqueous solution containing citrate complex ions was impregnated, and the complex compound was adsorbed on the vulcanized surface. . Thereafter, heat treatment was performed at 600 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain perovskite-type composite oxide fine particles La (Fe Pt) 0 -supported carbon particles.
- Example 4
- the iron nitrate nonahydrate was changed from 1.98 g to 2.02 g, and the chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate was changed from 0.14 g to 0.08 g.
- an aqueous solution containing iron and platinum citrate complex ions was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and a total of 100 ml of an aqueous solution containing citrate complex ions was impregnated, and the complex compound was adsorbed on the vulcanized surface. .
- heat treatment was performed at 600 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and perovskite Type composite oxide fine particles La (Fe Pt) 0 -supported carbon particles were obtained.
- An aqueous solution containing a citrate complex ion was prepared, impregnated with a total of 100 ml of an aqueous solution containing a citrate complex ion, and the complex compound was adsorbed on the Vulcan surface. Then, heat treatment was performed at 550 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, and perovskite-type composite oxide fine particles La (Fe Pt) 0 -supported carbon particles
- An aqueous solution containing a citrate complex ion was prepared, impregnated with a total of 100 ml of an aqueous solution containing a citrate complex ion, and the complex compound was adsorbed on the Vulcan surface. Then, after heat treatment at 270 ° C in air for 4 hours, heat treatment was performed at 600 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain perovskite-type composite oxide fine particles La (Fe Pt) 0-supported carbon particles .
- a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for a fuel cell was prepared and used to produce a fuel.
- the output characteristics as a battery were investigated.
- the fine particle-supported carbon particles as described above are used for the electrodes constituting the membrane electrode assembly (MEA)
- the oxide composition of the fine particle-supported carbon particles maximum effect can be obtained with the air electrode and the fuel electrode
- the composition of the oxide fine particles carried on the carbon particles is different. Therefore, in this example, in order to perform uniform evaluation, a particulate-supported carbon particle electrode film was used for the fuel electrode, and the standard electrode film shown below was used for the air electrode.
- a catalyst coating was prepared in the same manner as described above using a platinum-supporting carbon “10E50E” (trade name) manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. supporting 50% by mass of platinum.
- a standard electrode film was obtained by coating the platinum carrying amount to 0.5 mg / cm 2 , drying and peeling off.
- a polyperfluorosulfonic acid resin membrane “Nafionl 2” (trade name) manufactured by DuPont was cut into a predetermined size and used.
- the fine particle-supported carbon particle electrode film prepared above and the standard electrode film were superimposed on both sides of this solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and hot pressing was performed at a temperature of 160 ° C and a pressure of 4.4 MPa, and these were joined. .
- a carbon non-woven fabric that has been subjected to water repellency treatment TGP-H-120 made by Torayen Earth
- a solid polymer electrolyte membrane with electrode membranes formed on both sides are joined together by hot pressing. An electrode assembly was produced.
- FIG. 3 shows the CV measurement results when the particles obtained in Example 1 were used.
- the results of CV measurement using the particles obtained in Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIG.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the fine particle-supported carbon particles obtained in Example 14 and Comparative Example 13 described above, and preparation in Example 5 using these fine particle-supported carbon particles.
- the measurement result about each membrane electrode assembly which was done is shown collectively.
- the CV measurement result is a relative evaluation of the state of the peak due to the iron atom, and the one showing a clear peak as typified by Fig. 3 is represented by ⁇ and Fig. 4 is representative.
- Such a very broad peak was designated as X, and the intermediate state as ⁇ .
- the graph shown in Fig. 5 shows that when the lattice constants of the perovskite structure are a, b, c, and the long axis is b, the horizontal axis of the graph is the average length of the a axis and c axis.
- the band shown in gray represents a region that satisfies the following formula (1).
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07745112A EP2037519A4 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | FINE PARTICLES FROM PEROVSKIT OXIDE, PARTICLES WITH STORED PEROVSKIT OXIDE, CATALYST MATERIAL, CATALYST MATERIAL FOR OXYGEN REDUCTION, CATALYST MATERIAL FOR A FUEL CELL AND ELECTRODE FOR A FUEL CELL |
| CN2007800220315A CN101467286B (zh) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | 钙钛矿型氧化物微粒、负载钙钛矿型氧化物的粒子、催化剂材料、氧还原用催化剂材料、燃料电池用催化剂材料、燃料电池用电极 |
| CA2655278A CA2655278C (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | Fine particle of perovskite oxide, particle having deposited perovskite oxide, catalyst material, catalyst material for oxygen reduction, catalyst material for fuel cell, and electrode for fuel cell |
| US12/304,452 US8007691B2 (en) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | Fine particle of perovskite oxide, particle having deposited perovskite oxide, catalyst material, catalyst material for oxygen reduction, catalyst material for fuel cell, and electrode for fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006-164095 | 2006-06-13 | ||
| JP2006164095A JP4875410B2 (ja) | 2006-06-13 | 2006-06-13 | 微粒子担持カーボン粒子およびその製造方法ならびに燃料電池用電極 |
| JP2006-170114 | 2006-06-20 | ||
| JP2006170114A JP5214117B2 (ja) | 2006-06-20 | 2006-06-20 | ペロブスカイト型酸化物微粒子、ペロブスカイト型酸化物担持粒子、触媒材料、燃料電池用電極 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007145216A1 true WO2007145216A1 (ja) | 2007-12-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/061825 Ceased WO2007145216A1 (ja) | 2006-06-13 | 2007-06-12 | ペロブスカイト型酸化物微粒子、ペロブスカイト型酸化物担持粒子、触媒材料、酸素還元用触媒材料、燃料電池用触媒材料、燃料電池用電極 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8007691B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2037519A4 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2655278C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007145216A1 (ja) |
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| JP2010238546A (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-21 | Equos Research Co Ltd | 微粒子担持金属酸化物触媒及びその製造方法並びに燃料電池用電極 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8007691B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 |
| US20090200519A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| EP2037519A4 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
| CA2655278C (en) | 2015-05-05 |
| CA2655278A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 |
| EP2037519A1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
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