WO2008004435A1 - Système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide à reformation interne indirecte - Google Patents
Système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide à reformation interne indirecte Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008004435A1 WO2008004435A1 PCT/JP2007/062250 JP2007062250W WO2008004435A1 WO 2008004435 A1 WO2008004435 A1 WO 2008004435A1 JP 2007062250 W JP2007062250 W JP 2007062250W WO 2008004435 A1 WO2008004435 A1 WO 2008004435A1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
- H01M8/1246—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte the electrolyte consisting of oxides
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an indirect internal reformer having an indirect internal reforming type solid oxide fuel cell in which a reformer for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel such as kerosene is arranged in the vicinity of a solid oxide fuel cell
- the present invention relates to a reformed solid oxide fuel cell system.
- Solid oxide fuel cells (hereinafter sometimes referred to as SOFC! are usually supplied with hydrocarbon fuels (reforming raw materials) such as kerosene and city gas in a reformer. A hydrogen-containing gas (reformed gas) generated by reforming is supplied. In SOFC, this reformed gas and air are reacted electrochemically to generate electricity.
- SOFC is usually operated at a high temperature of about 550 ° C to 1000 ° C.
- the steam reforming reaction used for reforming is a reaction with a very large endotherm, and requires a high-temperature heat source with a relatively high reaction temperature. Therefore, an indirect internal reforming SOFC is known in which a reformer is installed in the vicinity of the SOFC (position where it receives heat radiation from the SOFC), and the reformer is heated by radiation heat from the SOFC force. In addition, anode off gas containing combustible components (gas discharged from the anode of SOFC) is combusted, and the reformer is heated using this combustion heat as a heat source.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-358997
- the reformer temperature reaches a temperature at which the hydrocarbon fuel can be reformed and reformed by the reformer. Until the gas can be produced, hydrogen is supplied to the anode to prevent oxidation of the SOFC anode. When the reformed gas can be produced, the reformed gas may be supplied to the anode. Even when the SOFC system is stopped, the reformer After no more hydrogen is available, hydrogen is supplied to the anode.
- hydrogen stored in a cylinder can be used for IJ as hydrogen for protecting the anode of SOFC.
- hydrogen storage facilities and hydrogen replenishment are required, which increases the size of the entire system and takes time to procure hydrogen cylinders. These increase costs.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an indirect internal reforming SOFC system that can eliminate the need for a hydrogen storage facility for protecting the anode at the time of startup or the like.
- a first reformer for producing a reformed gas from a hydrocarbon-based fuel using a steam reforming reaction, and a reformed gas obtained from the first reformer are used.
- a solid oxide fuel cell that generates electric power and a container that accommodates the first reformer and the solid oxide fuel cell, wherein the first reformer is a solid oxide fuel cell.
- An indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell placed in a position to receive heat radiation from the cell;
- a second reformer disposed outside the vessel for reforming hydrocarbon fuel to produce reformed gas
- An indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system is provided.
- the second reformer includes combustion means for combusting combustible materials.
- the present invention provides an indirect internal reforming SOFC system that can eliminate the need for a hydrogen storage facility for protecting the anode at the time of startup or the like.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an outline of an example of an internal reforming SOFC system of the present invention. Explanation of symbols
- FIG. 1 shows an outline of an example of the indirect internal reforming SOFC system of the present invention.
- This system has an indirect internal reforming SOFC1.
- the indirect internal reforming SOFC has a reformer (first reformer) 2 and SOFC 3 (in the figure, A indicates an anode and C indicates a force sword).
- the reformer and SOFC are arranged in a container (module container) 4 and modularized.
- the first reformer is referred to as an internal reformer.
- the system also has a reformer (second reformer) 11 disposed outside the module container 4. In some cases, this reformer is referred to as an external reformer.
- the external reformer 11 includes a reforming reaction tube 11a for performing a reforming reaction.
- a burner l ib for combusting combustible material here, kerosene
- a combustion catalyst layer 11c is provided downstream of the burner l ib (for the burner combustion gas flow).
- the combustion catalyst layer is also a combustible combustion method.
- the hydrocarbon fuel reformed by the internal reformer the hydrocarbon fuel reformed by the external reformer, and the combustible material burned by the burner of the external reformer also use kerosene.
- steam reforming I do. Kerosene and water vapor previously vaporized are introduced into the internal reformer and the external reformer, respectively, and kerosene is reformed. Air is used as the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the SOFC power sword and the oxygen-containing gas used for combustion.
- Both the SOFC3 anode and force sword have cell outlets open in the module container! / That is, the anode off-gas discharged from the cell outlet on the anode side and the power sword off-gas force discharged on the power sword side are discharged into the module container.
- the module container is airtight so that the interior and the outside (atmosphere) do not communicate with each other.
- the system shown in FIG. 1 can be started as follows, for example.
- kerosene liquid
- air is supplied to burn kerosene.
- the combustion catalyst layer 11c and the reforming reaction tube 11a are heated by this combustion heat.
- the reforming reaction tube 11a When the reforming reaction tube 11a reaches a temperature at which steam may be introduced (a temperature at which condensed water is not generated), the steam is introduced into the reforming reaction tube 11a. Until then, nothing needs to be introduced into the reforming reaction tube.
- the water vapor exiting the reforming reaction tube can be discharged to the atmosphere from an open air line 101 provided downstream of the reformer.
- Steam can be generated using the combustion heat of an auxiliary burner provided separately, and the steam can be superheated as necessary.
- Kerosene can be vaporized using the combustion heat of an auxiliary burner provided separately, and vaporized kerosene can be preheated as necessary.
- the reformed gas is supplied to the anode via the catalytic combustor 21.
- the use of the line 102 for stopping the use of the open air line 101 and supplying the reformed gas obtained from the external reformer to the anode can be used.
- the gas supplied to the anode does not need to have a very high hydrogen concentration as long as the anode is protected to such a degree that it can be protected. Therefore, a part of the combustible component in the reformed gas is burned using air in the catalytic combustor 21.
- the temperature of the gas supplied to the anode can be raised and the volume of the gas can be increased. As a result, the temperature rise time of SOFC can be shortened.
- the air required for combustion in the catalytic combustor 21 can be obtained from the line 103.
- the catalyst combustor 21 is not necessarily provided.
- the air supplied to the catalytic combustor 21 can be preheated using the combustion heat of an auxiliary burner provided separately.
- air is supplied to the force sword.
- this air is heated using the combustion heat of a separately provided auxiliary burner (not shown) and then supplied to the power sword to heat the SOFC.
- the air heated by the SOFC is discharged from the power sword cell outlet and heats the internal reformer.
- the anode off-gas is discharged from the cell outlet of the anode, the cathode off-gas is discharged from the cell outlet of the power sword, and these are mixed in the module container (hereinafter, this mixed gas is sometimes referred to as mixed off-gas).
- the module is discharged. This gas is supplied via the line 111 upstream of the combustion catalyst layer 11c of the external reformer. In the combustion catalyst layer, combustible components in the mixed off gas burn, and the combustion gas is discharged to the atmosphere of the external reformer. When the temperature of the combustion gas is high, other fluids can be preheated or vaporized by this combustion gas.
- the cell outlets of both the anode and the force sword are open in the module container, but the anode off gas and the force sword off gas can be separately taken out of the module.
- the anode off gas can be introduced into the external reformer and burned. Forced sword-off gas may or may not be led to an external reformer! /.
- the reformed gas generated in the internal reformer is supplied to the anode.
- the anode off gas discharged from the cell outlet of the anode (the reformed gas is discharged as it is at this point) is appropriately ignited by an igniter and burned in the vicinity of the cell outlet. This combustion heat can further heat the SOFC.
- the mixed off-gas of anode off-gas and power sword off-gas burns and is discharged. This gas can be released to the atmosphere after appropriate heat utilization, such as preheating the air supplied to the cathode. At this time, the use of the line 111 is stopped, and this gas can be discharged to the atmosphere via the line 112.
- the anode off-gas is taken out of the module container without being burned in the module container, the anode off-gas is guided to the combustion means provided separately and burned, and the air supplied to the SOFC is heat-exchanged with the combustion gas.
- the SOFC can be heated by this air. This combustion gas can be released to the atmosphere as needed using further heat.
- the reformed gas production by the external reformer can be stopped. That is, it is possible to stop the supply of kerosene and water vapor to the reforming reaction tube 11a, and stop the supply of kerosene and air to the burner rib ib.
- mixed off gas or anode off gas
- mixed off gas or anode off gas
- auxiliary burner an appropriate combustible material such as a combustible material supplied to a burner provided in an external reformer can be combusted. It is not necessary to provide one auxiliary burner for each application, such as the generation of water vapor, superheat, vaporization of kerosene, preheating of air, etc.Each application uses one auxiliary burner for all applications. Also good. [0040] In this way, the indirect internal reforming SOFC system can be started, and normal operation (rated operation or partial load operation) becomes possible.
- the SOFC system can be stopped as follows.
- air is allowed to flow on the force sword side.
- the preheating of air can be stopped as appropriate.
- the external reformer can be activated in the same manner as the system is activated.
- the supply of vaporized kerosene and steam to the internal reformer 2 can be stopped.
- combustion of the anode off gas at the cell outlet stops.
- the reformed gas generated by the external reformer may burn at the anode cell outlet, the amount of heat of the reformed gas generated by the external reformer is smaller than the amount of heat of the reformed gas generated by the internal reformer.
- the cathode side air can cool the SOFC and the internal reformer.
- the mixed off-gas (or anode off-gas) is supplied to the external reformer 11 via the line 111, burned in the combustion catalyst layer 11c, and discharged to the atmosphere.
- the indirect internal reforming SOFC has an internal reformer and SOFC. These are stored in a module container and modularized.
- the internal reformer is placed in a position where it receives heat radiation from the SOFC force. By doing this, the internal reformer is heated by heat radiation from the SOFC during power generation.
- the SOFC can be heated by burning the anode off-gas discharged from the SOFC at the cell outlet.
- the internal reformer is located at a position where direct heat transfer from the SOFC to the outer surface of the internal reformer is possible. It is preferable to arrange them. Therefore, it is preferable that a shielding object is not substantially disposed between the internal reformer and the SOFC, that is, a gap is provided between the internal reformer and the SOFC. In addition, it is preferable to shorten the distance between the internal reformer and the SOFC as much as possible.
- Each supply gas is appropriately preheated as necessary and then supplied to the internal reformer or SOFC.
- an appropriate container capable of accommodating the SOFC and the internal reformer can be used.
- the material for example, an appropriate material having resistance to the environment to be used, such as stainless steel, can be used.
- the container is appropriately provided with a connection port for gas exchange and the like.
- the module container has airtightness so that the inside of the module container and the outside (atmosphere) are not in communication.
- the internal reformer uses a steam reforming reaction to produce reformed gas containing hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel.
- a steam reforming reaction can be performed, and autothermal reforming accompanied by a partial oxidation reaction in the water steam reforming reaction may be performed. From the viewpoint of power generation efficiency of SOFC, partial oxidation reaction does not occur.
- autothermal reforming steam reforming becomes dominant, so the reforming reaction becomes endothermic in overall. The heat required for the reforming reaction is supplied from the SOFC.
- the internal reformer can include a reforming catalyst having steam reforming ability.
- a steam reforming catalyst that has steam reforming ability and substantially does not have partial oxidation reforming ability can be used as the reforming catalyst. Use an autothermal reforming catalyst that you have.
- SOFC As the SOFC, known SOFCs having various shapes such as a flat plate type and a cylindrical type can be appropriately selected and employed. In SOFC, oxygen ion conductive ceramics or proton ion conductive ceramics are generally used as an electrolyte.
- the SOFC may be a single cell, but in practice, a stack in which a plurality of single cells are arranged (in the case of a cylindrical type, it may be called a bundle, and the stack referred to in this specification includes a bundle. ) Is preferably used. In this case, there may be one or more stacks.
- the external reformer is arranged outside the module container of the indirect internal reforming SOFC.
- the external reformer cannot produce a reformed reformed gas by the internal reformer. At that time, reforming the hydrocarbon fuel to produce a reformed gas containing hydrogen, SOFC Used to flow through the anode to protect it from oxidation. For example, it is used for the period until the internal reformer reaches a temperature at which the hydrocarbon feedstock can be reformed when the system is started, and the period until the power is stopped by stopping power generation.
- the external reformer may be provided with a combustion means for combusting combustible materials.
- the heat of combustion can be used as the heat required for steam reforming (including autothermal reforming).
- partial oxidation reforming can be performed using a partial oxidation reforming catalyst in an external reformer. Even in this case, in order to heat the reforming catalyst to a temperature at which catalytic activity is manifested, the combustion means described above is used. The combustion heat in can be used.
- combustion means a burner or a catalytic combustor (combustion catalyst) can be used as appropriate, and two or more kinds of combustion means can be used in combination.
- the external reformer can include a catalyst having a steam reforming ability or a catalyst having a partial oxidation reforming ability.
- a reforming catalyst a steam reforming catalyst having steam reforming ability and substantially no partial oxidation reforming ability, having partial oxidation reforming ability and substantially having steam reforming ability
- a partial oxidation reforming catalyst that is not used, or an autothermal reforming catalyst that has both partial oxidation reforming ability and steam reforming ability can be used.
- the capacity of the external reformer may be smaller than the capacity of the internal reformer.
- the ratio of the reforming catalyst amount of the external reformer to the reforming catalyst amount of the internal reformer which is less than the reforming catalyst amount of the internal reformer, is the ratio of the reforming catalyst amount of the external reformer to the reforming catalyst amount of the internal reformer.
- 1Z10 ⁇ 1Z2 is enough. This ratio is preferably 1Z10 or more from the viewpoint of shortening the time required for heating the SOFC. It is also preferred that this ratio is 1Z2 or less for the viewpoint of suppressing the size of the entire system.
- This line supplies the reformed gas, which is a reducing gas generated by an external reformer, to the SOFC anode.
- the reformed gas generated by the external reformer may be supplied directly from the external reformer card to the anode. Alternatively, if necessary, in order to protect the reforming catalyst of the internal reformer, it may be supplied to the anode through the inside of the internal reformer (region where the reforming catalyst exists).
- This line is obtained by connecting the reforming reaction tube outlet of the external reformer and the anode of the SOF C (for example, the anode side gas coupling and opening of the SOFC stack) using a known piping member as appropriate. Can be formed.
- the reformed gas generated in the external reformer and led to the anode is discharged from the anode.
- This anode off gas can be mixed with the power sword off gas in the module to become a mixed off gas.
- the mixed off-gas or anode off-gas can be discharged to the atmosphere after being treated by an exhaust gas treatment device (combustion device, etc.) provided separately. But this mixed It is preferable to treat the fugas or anode off gas by burning it in a combustion means provided in an external reformer. This is because the gas can be treated while effectively utilizing the heat quantity of the gas without providing a separate exhaust gas treatment device.
- a combustion catalyst can be used as a combustion means provided in the external reformer.
- a known combustion catalytic force can be appropriately selected and used.
- Both the burner and the combustion catalyst can be provided as combustion means in the external reformer.
- a combustion catalyst layer can be provided downstream of the burner (with respect to the flow of the burner combustion gas) so that the burner combustion gas passes through the combustion catalyst layer.
- This line is appropriately connected to the anode (for example, the reforming gas of the external reformer of the SOFC stack without introducing the reforming gas at the anode side, the mouth) and the external reformer using known piping members. It can be formed by connecting with the combustion means provided. If the anode cell outlet is open inside a modularized indirect internal reforming SOFC, connect the outlet of the module vessel to the combustion means of the external reformer.
- the anode for example, the reforming gas of the external reformer of the SOFC stack without introducing the reforming gas at the anode side, the mouth
- hydrocarbon fuels reformed by the internal reformer and external reformer each of them contains carbon and hydrogen in the molecule, which is known in the field of SOFC system as a reformed gas feedstock (other elements such as oxygen). Or a mixture thereof, and compounds having carbon and hydrogen in the molecule, such as hydrocarbons and alcohols, can be used.
- hydrocarbon fuels such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, natural gas, LPG (liquid petroleum gas), city gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, and light oil, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, dimethyl ether, etc. Of ether. Of these, kerosene is preferred because it is readily available for both industrial and consumer use and is easy to handle. Yes.
- the combustible power that can be combusted by the combustion means to be used can be appropriately selected and used. From the viewpoint of ease of handling, it is preferable to use a gas or liquid combustible material. In particular, liquid combustibles such as kerosene are preferable because they are easy to handle and store. When using gaseous combustibles, it is preferable to use those that are continuously supplied from an external source such as city gas and do not require storage facilities.
- a hydrocarbon-based fuel used as a reforming raw material in the internal reformer or a combustible material to be combusted by the combustion means of the external reformer, or an external reforming raw material It is preferable to use the same type of hydrocarbon-based fuel used as because the supply source can be shared.
- any of the steam reforming catalyst or autothermal reforming catalyst used in the internal reformer and the partial oxidation reforming catalyst, steam reforming catalyst or autothermal reforming catalyst used in the external reformer must use known catalysts, respectively.
- Examples of partial oxidation reforming catalysts include platinum-based catalysts
- examples of steam reforming catalysts include ruthenium-based and nickel-based catalysts
- examples of autothermal reforming catalysts include rhodium-based catalysts.
- the temperature at which the partial oxidation reforming reaction can proceed is, for example, 200 ° C or higher, and the temperature at which the steam reforming reaction can proceed is, for example, 400 ° C or higher.
- the reaction temperature of the steam reforming can be performed, for example, in the range of 450 ° C to 900 ° C, preferably 500 ° C to 850 ° C, and more preferably 550 ° C to 800 ° C.
- the amount of steam introduced into the reaction system is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of water molecules to the number of moles of carbon atoms contained in the raw material for hydrogen production (steam Z carbon ratio), and this value is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1. 5-7, more preferably 2-5.
- the velocity (LHSV) can be expressed as AZB where the flow rate in the liquid state of the raw material for hydrogen production is A (L / h) and the catalyst layer volume is B (L), and this value is preferably 0. More preferred properly is 0. 1 ⁇ : LOh- 1, more preferably set in the range of 0. 2 ⁇ 5h- 1.
- an oxygen-containing gas is added to the raw material in addition to steam.
- the oxygen-containing gas may be pure oxygen, but air is also preferred because of its availability.
- An oxygen-containing gas can be added to balance the endothermic reaction associated with the steam reforming reaction and to maintain a temperature of the reforming catalyst layer or SOFC or to generate a heat generation amount that can raise the temperature.
- the amount of the oxygen-containing gas added is preferably 0.005 to 1, more preferably 0.01 to 0 as the ratio of the number of moles of oxygen to the number of moles of carbon atoms contained in the raw material for hydrogen production (oxygen Z carbon ratio). 75, more preferably 0.02-0.6.
- the reaction temperature of the autothermal reforming reaction is set, for example, in the range of 400 ° C to 900 ° C, preferably 450 ° C to 850 ° C, and more preferably 500 ° C to 800 ° C.
- the space velocity (L HSV) at this time is preferably selected in the range of 0.05 to 20, more preferably 0.1 to 10, and still more preferably 0.2 to 5.
- the amount of steam introduced into the reaction system is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1.5 to 7, and still more preferably 2 to 5, as the steam Z carbon ratio.
- known components of the SOFC system can be provided as needed.
- Specific examples include desulfurizers for desulfurizing hydrocarbon fuels, vaporizers for vaporizing liquids, pumps for pressurizing various fluids, compressors, boosters such as blowers, and for adjusting the flow rate of fluids.
- the flow control means such as a valve for switching the Z flow, the flow path shutoff, the Z switching means, the heat exchanger for heat exchange, the condenser for condensing the gas, steam, etc.
- heating Z heat insulation means that heats the outside, storage means for hydrocarbon fuels and combustibles, instrumentation air and electrical systems, control signal systems, control devices, and electrical systems for output and power.
- the reformed gas is supplied from the external reformer during start-up and shut-down.
- the fuel cell By supplying to the fuel cell, it becomes possible to protect the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell from oxidation without using hydrogen or the like purified elsewhere.
- Solid acid The reformed gas discharged from the physical fuel cell can be made harmless by being treated as a heat source by an external reformer without installing a separate exhaust gas treatment device.
- the indirect internal reforming SOFC of the present invention can be used for, for example, a stationary or mobile power generation system, and a cogeneration system.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/307,520 US20090197131A1 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-06-18 | Indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system |
| CA002656376A CA2656376A1 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-06-18 | Indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system |
| EP07745481.7A EP2040325B1 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-06-18 | Indirect inside reforming solid oxide fuel cell system |
| KR1020097002206A KR101384040B1 (ko) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-06-18 | 간접 내부 개질형 고체 산화물형 연료전지 시스템 |
| CN2007800253380A CN101485027B (zh) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-06-18 | 间接内部重整型固体氧化物型燃料电池系统 |
| US13/338,584 US8841039B2 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2011-12-28 | Indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006185444A JP5065628B2 (ja) | 2006-07-05 | 2006-07-05 | 間接内部改質型固体酸化物形燃料電池システム |
| JP2006-185444 | 2006-07-05 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/307,520 A-371-Of-International US20090197131A1 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-06-18 | Indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system |
| US13/338,584 Division US8841039B2 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2011-12-28 | Indirect internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008004435A1 true WO2008004435A1 (fr) | 2008-01-10 |
Family
ID=38894406
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/062250 Ceased WO2008004435A1 (fr) | 2006-07-05 | 2007-06-18 | Système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide à reformation interne indirecte |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20090197131A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2040325B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5065628B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101384040B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101485027B (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2656376A1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI420732B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008004435A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009176479A (ja) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-08-06 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム並びにその制御装置及び動作方法 |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5396718B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-20 | 2014-01-22 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | 発電装置、その制御装置、動作方法及び電子機器 |
| JP5435191B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-25 | 2014-03-05 | Toto株式会社 | 燃料電池モジュール、及びそれを備える燃料電池 |
| DE102010023392A1 (de) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG | Betriebsverfahren für ein Brennstoffzellensystem |
| KR101429652B1 (ko) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-08-14 | 충남대학교산학협력단 | 열 활용도가 향상된 고온형 연료전지 시스템 |
| JP6239229B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-04 | 2017-11-29 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池運転方法 |
| CN108091907B (zh) | 2016-11-22 | 2020-09-25 | 通用电气公司 | 燃料电池系统及其停机方法 |
| US10483566B2 (en) | 2018-03-20 | 2019-11-19 | Cummins Enterprise Llc | Method and control sub-system for operating a power generation system having a fuel-cell |
| AT523488B1 (de) | 2020-02-06 | 2021-12-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Schutz-Reformervorrichtung zum Schutz eines Anodenabschnitts eines Brennstoffzellenstapels |
| CN114361538B (zh) * | 2022-01-18 | 2023-10-24 | 山东科技大学 | 一种高效能量耦合的固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统 |
| CN115377451B (zh) * | 2022-09-29 | 2025-06-13 | 浙江臻泰能源科技有限公司 | 一种sofc电堆及其启动和关闭的方法 |
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- 2007-06-18 CN CN2007800253380A patent/CN101485027B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-18 CA CA002656376A patent/CA2656376A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-18 EP EP07745481.7A patent/EP2040325B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-06-18 KR KR1020097002206A patent/KR101384040B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-06-18 US US12/307,520 patent/US20090197131A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-03 TW TW096124159A patent/TWI420732B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2040325A1 (en) | 2009-03-25 |
| TW200822435A (en) | 2008-05-16 |
| CN101485027B (zh) | 2012-02-01 |
| CN101485027A (zh) | 2009-07-15 |
| JP2008016277A (ja) | 2008-01-24 |
| KR20090031440A (ko) | 2009-03-25 |
| US8841039B2 (en) | 2014-09-23 |
| EP2040325B1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| CA2656376A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
| TWI420732B (zh) | 2013-12-21 |
| KR101384040B1 (ko) | 2014-04-09 |
| US20090197131A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| JP5065628B2 (ja) | 2012-11-07 |
| US20130011758A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
| EP2040325A4 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
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