WO2008007460A1 - Ultrasonic scanning device and method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic scanning device and method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008007460A1 WO2008007460A1 PCT/JP2007/000740 JP2007000740W WO2008007460A1 WO 2008007460 A1 WO2008007460 A1 WO 2008007460A1 JP 2007000740 W JP2007000740 W JP 2007000740W WO 2008007460 A1 WO2008007460 A1 WO 2008007460A1
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- wave
- flaw
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- scratch
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2487—Directing probes, e.g. angle probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/056—Angular incidence, angular propagation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic flaw detection method and apparatus. More specifically, the present invention detects the crack edge position, scratch depth, or scratch height from the back surface of a scratch including microscopic damage on a surface crack or a corroded portion close to the surface layer of a thick inspection object.
- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic flaw detection method and apparatus suitable for the inspection.
- the T0FD method using surface waves is generally used for estimating the crack depth of a surface crack (Non-Patent Document 1).
- the TOFD method as shown in Fig. 13, the beam path length T of the surface wave when there is no crack. And there is a path difference between the beam path length of the surface wave when there is a crack. Therefore, the beam path T of the surface wave when there is no crack. Is obtained in advance, and the beam path length “ ⁇ ” of the surface wave when there is a crack is obtained, and the flaw depth d is estimated from the relationship shown in Equation 1.
- the beam path length is the probe on the transmitting side. The distance that the beam passes between the child and the receiving probe.
- Flaw height measurement may also be performed by an oblique flaw detection method using an oblique probe (Non-Patent Document 2).
- Non-Patent Document 2 Non-Patent Document 2
- the present inventors and others have used austenitic stainless steel and inconel (registered trademark of Special Metals Corporation) that are mainly used for in-reactor structures and circulation piping of the primary system structure of nuclear power plants.
- SP0D method Short Path of Diffraction
- This SP0D method combines an oblique probe and a vertical probe, and diffracted waves that are generated at the edge of the wound by injecting an ultrasonic pulse from an oblique direction to the wound in the object to be inspected.
- the height of the wound is obtained from the difference in arrival time between the component that propagates directly above the wound and the component that propagates above the wound once reflected by the back surface of the inspection object, as received by the vertical probe above. It is.
- Non-Patent Document 1 “Enomoto Nondestructive Inspection Association Standard” issued by Enomoto Nondestructive Inspection Association
- Non-Patent Document 2 Issued by Enomoto Nondestructive Inspection Association “Standard Method for Measurement of Scratch Height by End Echo Method” issued by Enomoto Nondestructive Inspection Association
- Non-patent document 3 Proposal of a simple flaw sizing method in the ⁇ ultrasonic flaw detection test on pages 21-26 of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for Conservation Science July 2005
- a surface crack is a shape change part where stress concentration tends to occur in a structure, for example, a welded part where thick pipes such as a thick pipe base or a T-shaped joint are connected at an angle. Often occurs. It is difficult to perform flaw detection by arranging a surface crack in such a shape-changed part so that it is sandwiched between two probes. Furthermore, with the TOFD method, the echoes of the received surface waves are weak, and it has been impossible to estimate accurately. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the depth of the crack by detecting the surface crack from the opening using the TO FD method.
- the TOFD method uses austenitic stainless steels mainly used for in-reactor structures and circulation pipes of primary structures of nuclear power plants that require nondestructive measurement of flaw depth.
- austenitic stainless steels mainly used for in-reactor structures and circulation pipes of primary structures of nuclear power plants that require nondestructive measurement of flaw depth.
- attenuation and noise cannot be used greatly.
- microscopic damage Such a mass such as microscopic damage can be judged as a corrosion or deteriorated part (hereinafter referred to as a corroded part).
- a corrosion or deteriorated part hereinafter referred to as a corroded part.
- the depth of the interface between the corroded part and the healthy part is determined. The position cannot be determined.
- Non-Patent Document 3 proposes a surface crack or a corroded part close to the surface layer of a thick inspection object such as a thick pipe welded part
- a surface crack or a corroded part close to the surface layer of a thick inspection object such as a thick pipe welded part
- the edge of the surface is too far away from the back surface of the object being examined, for example, if the scratch height is too high, even if it is a scratch near the surface layer, a scratch on the front surface, or a scratch on the back surface, it is far from the back surface In this case, the diffracted wave reflected from the back of the object to be inspected cannot return to the receiving probe and the reflected echo from the bottom may not be visible.
- the SP0D method which determines the scratch height from the arrival time difference between the component that propagates directly above the scratch of the diffracted wave generated at the edge of the scratch and the component that propagates above the scratch after being reflected by the back surface, It may not be possible to determine the surface crack depth. This also applies to the diffracted wave that occurs at the interface between the corroded part and the normal part, and the diffracted wave that propagates through the corroded part and reflects on the bottom surface is greatly attenuated and cannot be detected. In other words, it is not visible on the oscilloscope.
- the present invention provides a simple and accurate method for determining the position, depth, or height of a scratched edge including a microscopic damage or a corroded surface near the surface layer of a surface crack or thick object to be inspected. It is an object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic flaw detection method and apparatus capable of detection.
- the present inventors have found that, among the components of the diffracted wave generated due to the presence of a flaw, the component returning to the incident source is weak and is directly below the flaw, that is, ultrasonic waves The component that goes to the back (bottom) side opposite to the surface on which light is incident is the strongest, and then the component that goes directly above the flaw (the surface side of the object to be inspected) is strong. In the case of a flaw or a flaw near the surface in the sample, the component that goes directly above the flaw is less attenuated by the shorter propagation distance than the component that goes up once after reflecting off the bottom surface.
- the ultrasonic wave is incident on the object to be inspected from the oblique direction by the oblique probe, and is generated at the end of the flaw in the object to be inspected.
- the diffracted wave is detected by the vertical probe above the flaw, and the flaw between the transmitting oblique probe and the receiving vertical probe of the component of the diffracted wave that propagates directly above the flaw is detected.
- the position of the edge of the wound from the surface of the object to be inspected is obtained using the trigonometric method.
- Beam path length propagation time X sound speed of incident ultrasonic waves. In materials where the sound speed of ultrasonic waves is considered to be substantially constant, if the propagation time can be detected, the beam The path is calculated by calculation.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention obtains the edge position of a flaw by using a diffracted wave component that propagates directly from the flaw toward the flaw detection surface above, so that surface cracks and thick wall If the corroded part close to the surface of the object to be inspected is propagated toward the edge of the wound including microscopic damage and the lower part of the wound (the surface opposite to the surface on which the ultrasonic wave is incident), is it reflected on the bottom once? It is suitable for obtaining the depth of damage from the surface of the inspection object or the height of the damage from the back surface of the inspection object in situations where it is difficult to detect the upward diffracted wave component.
- the scratch is microscopic damage
- a large amplitude ultrasonic wave is incident as an ultrasonic wave
- the beam path or Find the propagation time difference the case where the distance from the bottom surface where the diffracted wave is reflected to the edge of the scratch is far away, such as scratches close to the surface of the object to be inspected or scratches on the surface, If the height is too high, the scratch height from the back surface can be obtained from the difference from the thickness of the object measured by another method.
- the interval between the incident position and the detection position of the ultrasonic wave may be obtained from, for example, the propagation time of the surface wave, or the interval between the transmission oblique probe and the reception vertical probe. Or the interval between the ultrasonic wave incident position and the detection position on the surface side of the object to be inspected may be held at a constant interval in advance.
- an ultrasonic wave generation source as an oblique probe, a piezoelectric vibrator or a magnetostrictive vibrator is generally used. However, in some cases, an ultrasonic wave may be excited by a laser. good.
- Laser ultrasonic methods excite ultrasonic waves in a non-contact manner, making them suitable for measurements in high-temperature environments and for measuring objects with complex shapes.
- ultrasonic flaw detection using piezoelectric elements Compared with, there is a strong surface wave reception signal, so it is suitable for estimating the flaw height from the relationship between the propagation time of the surface wave and the diffracted wave propagating above the flaw.
- an interferometer is preferably used as the receiving vertical probe.
- this laser ultrasonic method there are a plurality of lasers, and it takes time so that the ultrasonic waves generated by shifting the laser irradiation interval via the delay generator simultaneously reach any one point. It is preferable to apply a delay and control the propagation direction.
- an ultrasonic flaw detector includes a transmitting oblique angle probe that injects an ultrasonic beam from an oblique direction with respect to a flaw in an inspection object, and a circuit that propagates above the flaw.
- the diffracted wave component that propagates directly from the beam path through the damage between the probe and the receiving vertical probe and the interval between the incident position of the ultrasonic wave and the detection position, or above the surface wave and the flaw
- an arithmetic processing unit for calculating the position of the edge of the flaw from the surface of the object to be inspected using a trigonometric method from the difference in propagation time to the receiving vertical probe.
- the upward diffracted wave component propagating along the shortest beam path next to the diffracted wave component propagating directly below the flaw is passed through the wedge. Since it is received directly, it is less affected by attenuation and can be received as a stronger signal. Therefore, even non-skilled inspectors can measure with high accuracy without variation in the measurement results.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method and apparatus of the present invention damage or the like is caused on the surface of the inspection object. Even if it exists near the layer, the position from the surface of the object to be inspected to the edge of the scratch can be obtained. Therefore, the presence or absence of a flaw near the surface layer, the position of the flaw from the front or back surface of the inspection object, specifically the depth of the surface flaw, the depth of corrosion of the flaw from the surface, or the presence or absence of a closed flaw near the surface layer The height of the scratches on the back surface can be obtained from the position and the known thickness of the object to be inspected obtained by another measurement method.
- the position of the end of the flaw can be easily calculated. In other words, it is possible to estimate the flaw depth on the surface of the object to be inspected regardless of the material and the shape change of the measurement surface.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method and apparatus of the present invention it becomes possible to detect a flaw in an inspection object such as a blowhole during welding, so that these initial defects are measured in advance. This makes it possible to evaluate the performance of the product.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention as set forth in claim 4, even a weak reflection source such as an interface between a healthy part and a corroded part in an object to be inspected can be kept at the shortest distance. Since the component of the diffracted wave that goes directly to the vertical probe that becomes the strong signal next to the component that faces the bottom surface is used, the diffracted wave can be received at a detectable level ⁇ intensity. Therefore, the depth of the corroded part from the surface of the object to be inspected or the height of the corroded part from the back surface should be determined by using the position of the interface between the corroded part and the healthy part in combination with other measurement methods or visual judgment. Can do.
- FIG. 1 An explanatory view of a flaw detection and flaw depth estimation method by the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 An example of received waveforms of surface waves and diffracted waves at the time of flaw depth estimation.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a flaw detection and flaw height estimation method by the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 An explanatory diagram showing an example of an ultrasonic flaw detector that excites ultrasonic waves by a laser.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an example of an ultrasonic flaw detector using a piezoelectric vibrator.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an example of an embodiment for detecting damage in an inspection object.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the detection principle of the interface of the back corroded portion in the inspection object.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing an example of a received waveform in the detection method of FIG. 7, with the vertical axis representing the displacement and the horizontal axis representing the beam path.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the principle of detecting the interface of the surface corroded portion of the inspection object.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing an example of a received waveform in the detection method of FIG. 9, with the vertical axis representing displacement and the horizontal axis representing beam path length.
- FIG. 11 An explanatory diagram showing a method for detecting the edge of a flaw in an object to be inspected while moving the irradiation position of the excitation laser by placing the receiving probe fixed above the slits .
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for detecting the edge of a flaw in an inspection object while simultaneously moving the receiving probe and the excitation laser irradiation positions at regular intervals.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a conventional method for estimating the crack depth of a surface crack by the TOFD method.
- ultrasonic waves are incident on the inspection object from an oblique direction by using an oblique angle probe, and diffracted waves generated at the edge of the inspection object are detected.
- Beam path and ultrasonic incidence via a flaw between the transmitting oblique probe and the receiving vertical probe of the component detected by the vertical probe above and propagating directly above the diffracted wave The object to be inspected using the trigonometric method from the distance between the position and the detection position, or from the propagation time difference between the surface wave reflected by these relationships and the diffracted wave directly propagating above the flaw to the receiving vertical probe The position of the edge of the scratch from the surface of the surface is obtained.
- Equation 2 Equation 2
- Beam path length Propagation time X Sound velocity of incident ultrasonic wave (2) Since the relationship of (2) holds, if the propagation time can be detected in materials where the sound velocity of ultrasonic waves is considered to be substantially constant, the beam path length W t can be calculated. Desired.
- the surface wave 15 propagating on the surface 13 of the inspection object 6 from the incident point toward the receiving vertical probe (detection position) has a right triangle relationship.
- the detection is not limited to the longitudinal wave, and a transverse wave may be used.
- the receiving vertical probe receives not only longitudinal waves but also transverse waves. Experiments have confirmed that both waves are more accurate and have superior mouth bath durability. Therefore, there is a case where the shear wave is strong depending on the detection position, so by using one or both of the longitudinal wave and the shear wave, it is possible to detect the damage more clearly by using the better detection result. it can.
- a piezoelectric vibrator is generally used as a magnetostrictive vibrator, but in some cases, a laser may be used.
- the ultrasonic wave can be excited in a non-contact manner, which is suitable for measurement in a high-temperature environment or measurement of an object having a complicated shape.
- the present inventors have found that when a supersonic wave excited by a laser is used, a strong surface wave reception signal exists compared to a case where an ultrasonic wave is incident using a piezoelectric element. .
- an interferometer is used as a receiving vertical probe for detecting a diffracted wave, which can be performed in a non-contact manner. It is very effective and preferable.
- the arrival point vibrates with a small displacement of nm or less. Therefore, when laser light is irradiated to the position where the ultrasonic waves are to be detected, a minute optical frequency transition (Doppler shift) occurs in the reflected light. If the stability of the frequency and phase of the laser beam is sufficiently high, this minute optical frequency transition can be measured using the interference effect.
- a laser is used as an oblique angle probe
- an interferometer is generally used as a receiving vertical probe. However, when detection under contact is possible, a piezoelectric element is a magnetostrictive vibrator. A reception vertical probe may be used.
- a plurality of lasers 2 are used as shown in FIG. 4, and each laser 2 is irradiated via the delay generator 3. It is preferable to control the propagation direction by applying a time delay so that all longitudinal waves or transverse waves of ultrasonic waves generated by shifting the timing reach one arbitrary point that becomes the detection Boyne simultaneously.
- ultrasonic waves that are sequentially excited by the laser beams 9 irradiated on the object 6 to be inspected are synthesized, and an ultrasonic wave having a large amplitude can be formed.
- the detection sensitivity is good and highly accurate flaw detection can be performed.
- the propagation direction of the excited waves can be controlled. For example, if the time delay is set to be small, the incident angle of the combined wave is small, and if the time delay is set to be large, the incident angle of the combined wave can be increased. Therefore, the incident angle of the beam can be controlled by controlling the delay time. Furthermore, by controlling the arrival order of the waves excited by the plurality of lasers 2 and combining the waves, it is possible to generate a narrowband ultrasonic wave with energy concentrated near the fundamental frequency.
- a YAG laser having a Q switch, a C 0 2 laser, an excimer laser, or the like is used as the laser 2 on the transmission side in this embodiment.
- a laser pulse is generated with a time delay.
- the interferometer 7 is preferably a two-wave mixing interferometer, for example.
- the interferometer 7 is not limited to this, and other known or new interferences such as Fabry-Perot interferometer (CFPI). A meter may be used.
- a personal computer 12 for data collection and as a control device is connected to the interferometer 7 via an oscilloscope 11 and a band pass filter 10.
- the signal detected by the interferometer 7 is recorded by the oscilloscope 11 through the band-pass filter 10 and further taken into the converter 12.
- the computer 12 stores a program that defines the operation procedure of the central processing unit and the central processing unit (not shown), a memory that stores data processed by the central processing unit, and stored data. It has storage means, display means, input means such as a keyboard and mouse, etc., and together with the oscilloscope 11 and the bandpass filter 10, a function corresponding to a flaw detector is constructed.
- reference numerals 4a and 4b are mirrors
- 5 is a condensing lens.
- the bandpass filter 10 is a low bandpass filter, for example, and is used for noise removal or the like.
- the processing for delaying the time so that the ultrasonic wave reaches an arbitrary point at the same time can be easily performed by, for example, monitoring of the oscilloscope 11.
- Can do Specifically, first, a waveform excited by one arbitrarily selected laser 2 is detected and recorded on the screen of the oscilloscope 11. Next, the remaining lasers 2 are sequentially excited one by one, and the resulting waveforms are observed on the oscilloscope 11 1 while matching the laser waveform peaks recorded previously. Set the time delay for 2.
- the delay time may be obtained in advance by calculation using trigonometry. Further, a laser delay time may be obtained in advance for each thickness, material, and irradiation position interval of the object 6 to be inspected.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention can be implemented with the apparatus configured as described above.
- This ultrasonic flaw detector uses an oblique probe 2 for transmitting an ultrasonic beam incident on an object 6 to be inspected.
- control 'data acquisition computer 12 has a function corresponding to a flaw detector by the AZ D conversion board 24 and the pulse receiver 23.
- a flaw detector may be used separately, and only the data collection may be performed by the computer 12.
- the scan conditions are set and the scan control during the flaw detection is all performed by the computer 12.
- the computer 12 has a component between the transmitting oblique probe 21 and the receiving vertical probe 2 2 that directly propagates above the scratches of the diffracted wave 17.
- the incident ultrasonic wave via the scratch 20 between the entire beam path W t and the interval S between the incident position of the ultrasonic wave and the detection position S, or incident toward the scratch 20 and reach the scratch 20 from to the propagation time difference of the object in the wound 2 0 of the incident ultrasonic 1 6 and the surface wave 1 5 propagating directly upwardly as diffracted wave (t t _ t s), the object to be inspected using trigonometry
- the position of the edge of the scratch 20 from the surface 13 of 6 is calculated by the central processing unit.
- the oscilloscope 1 as a display means simultaneously with the component 1 signal directly propagating above the scratch 1 7 It is displayed in 1 to indicate the difference in arrival time to the flaw detection surface.
- FIG. 1 shows an explanatory diagram of an embodiment in which the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention is applied to the measurement of the depth of a surface crack.
- a laser is used as a transmitting probe, and an interferometer and a detecting laser are used as receiving vertical probes.
- the irradiation point of the excitation laser beam 9 and the illumination of the detection laser beam 8 It is supposed to move the same amount in the same direction while maintaining a certain distance S from the shooting point. In this case, since the signal can be obtained simply by moving the irradiation point of the excitation laser beam 9 and the irradiation point of the detection laser beam 8, it takes time to select the fixed position of one probe. There is nothing. Therefore, the detection laser beam
- the irradiation position of the detection laser 8 may be the position of the surface crack.
- the interval S between the ultrasonic incident position and the detection position and the ultrasonic incident angle 0 are constant, the center of the ultrasonic beam spreading in an arc shape does not necessarily hit the tip of the scratch. Since the diffracted wave is generated even when the part away from the tip of the scratch 20 hits the tip of the scratch 20, the tip of the scratch 20 can be detected. Further, the irradiation position of the excitation laser light 9 may be scanned.
- the surface wave 15 having a short beam path is first scratched t s after the ultrasonic wave is incident, and then damaged by the ultrasonic wave incident.
- An incident ultrasonic wave with a path length W t that propagates directly as a diffracted wave through 20 through the flaw is detected after t t .
- the beam path W s of the surface wave 1 5 and the total beam path W t of the ultrasonic wave in the inspection object 6 are as follows.
- the flaw depth d of the surface crack 20 can be obtained from Equation 3 developed from the Pythagorean theorem.
- the interval S between the irradiation position of the excitation laser beam 9 and the irradiation position of the detection laser beam 8, that is, the path length W s of the surface wave may be calculated from the propagation time of the surface wave 15 or the interval may be set in advance. It may be set to a constant value, or may be measured for each flaw detection.
- the speed of sound C depends on the material of the object to be inspected and is obtained in advance.
- FIG. 3 shows the principle for obtaining the height d of the back surface flaw of the thick object to be inspected.
- Ultrasonic flaw detector 1 shown in Fig. 4 The ultrasonic wave whose propagation direction in the object to be inspected 6 is controlled by the time delay set for each of the plurality of lasers 2 in the laser beam 1 6 has a beam path W t 1 Propagates to scratch 20 and diffracts at the edge of scratch 20 to generate diffracted wave 17.
- the component 18 that propagates directly to the top of the wound 20 in the diffraction wave 17 propagates directly to the surface 13 of the inspection object 6 at the beam path W t 2 .
- a longitudinal surface wave 15 propagates near the surface of the object 6 to be inspected with a beam path length W s.
- W t 2 can be obtained from Equation 6, and the flaw height d can be obtained by subtracting W t 2 from the thickness T of the inspection object 6.
- the thickness T of the object to be inspected 16 can be easily achieved by a thickness gauge or the like. Therefore, even if the reflection of the diffracted wave 17 from the back surface 14 cannot be detected, if the distance W t 2 from the scratch edge of the back surface opening scratch to the front surface 13 of the object to be inspected is obtained, the inspection of the scratch 20 It is possible to obtain the height d from the object rear surface 20.
- W t 2 C (t t _ t s 2 ) Z2 t t ... (6)
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention similarly applies to a closed spherical defect such as a blow hole during welding that has been difficult to detect in the past, such as a blow hole during welding.
- the presence of the edge of the flaw can be detected, and the depth position of the damage from the surface of the inspection object can be estimated.
- the flaw 20 when the flaw 20 is near the surface of the object 6 to be inspected, or when the flaw height is high even if it is a flaw on the back surface, it is reflected once by the back surface 20 of the thick inspection object 6. After that, it is useful when the diffracted wave (not shown) propagating upward on the surface side of the inspection object 6, that is, 20 cannot be received.
- the position from the surface 13 of the object to be inspected to the edge of the scratch 20 can be obtained by the above-described method.
- whether the flaw 20 is an open flaw or a closed flaw can be easily determined by using another ultrasonic flaw detection method in combination. For example, when the oblique angle flaw detection method is used, a strong reflected wave from the opening is received as the opening echo, so that it can be determined by the presence or absence of the opening echo.
- the receiving vertical probe 2 receives the diffracted wave including the harmonic component. For example, when an ultrasonic wave having a frequency of 5 MHz is incident, the receiving vertical probe 2 2 receives the second harmonic of 1 OMHz.
- the position of the microscopic damage 20 from the surface of the object to be inspected can be estimated from the arrival time difference between the diffracted wave 18 and the surface wave 15 that propagate directly upward from the microscopic damage 20.
- a large amplitude ultrasonic wave can detect finer scratches as the frequency becomes higher, use an ultrasonic wave that has a higher frequency within the range that can be received by the receiving vertical probe. Is preferred.
- the ultrasonic wave having a large amplitude is attenuated more than the normal ultrasonic wave, if the propagation distance of the ultrasonic wave is long, it is diffused and attenuated and can be received by the receiving vertical probe.
- the harmonic component of the signal level cannot be detected.
- the diffracted wave 18 that propagates directly from the tip of the wound 20 toward the reception vertical probe 22 is directly received by the reception vertical probe 22 without passing through the wedge. By doing so, it is possible to receive a strong signal with the least attenuation. Therefore, if the current general wedge is used, the receiving vertical probe can receive the second harmonic up to 16 MHz.
- the receiving vertical probe is used.
- the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention provides a sound part 26 and a corroded part 25 in the inspection object 6. It can also be applied to the detection of the interface 27 with the.
- a weak diffracted wave propagating upward from the interface 2 7 out of the diffracted wave 17 generated at the interface 2 7 when the ultrasonic wave 16 is incident from the transmitting oblique probe 21 1
- the incident wave 16 may be an ultrasonic wave having a normal amplitude in the ultrasonic flaw detection method, or may be a non-linear ultrasonic wave using a large amplitude ultrasonic wave.
- microscopic damage in the inspected object occurs as a group, it is also possible to determine the corresponding part as a corroded or deteriorated part (hereinafter referred to as a corroded part).
- the reception vertical probe 2 2 is fixed on the corroded portion 25 and the waveform is observed while the transmission oblique probe 21 is scanned in the direction of the arrow in the figure.
- a received waveform as shown in FIG. 8 is obtained.
- the displacement peak 28 shows the diffracted wave 18 from the interface 27, and the continuous displacement after the peak 28 shows the scattered wave 29 from the back surface 14.
- the transmission oblique probe 21 and the reception vertical probe 2 2 2 are moved with a constant interval S, but the measurement of the interval between the two probes is performed. It may be performed each time.
- the scattered wave 29 appears after the peak 28, the presence of a back corroded portion can be confirmed.
- the received waveform as shown in FIG. “ ⁇ can be obtained by trigonometry as described above.
- the scattered wave 29 from the interface 27 is received, and then the diffracted wave from the interface 27 is received. It receives peak 28 of 1 8. Therefore, it can be determined whether surface corrosion occurs from the front surface or back surface corrosion occurs from the back surface, depending on whether the scattered wave 29 or peak 28 appears first.
- an electromagnetic ultrasonic probe (EMAT) using Lorentz force may be used as the probe.
- the laser is used to excite the object to be inspected.
- the inspection object 6 may be placed in the water for flaw detection (water immersion method).
- the position of the receiving vertical probe 22 is directly above the scratch 20, it is not limited to being directly above in a strict sense, and diffraction directly propagates above the scratch 20. As long as the wave 18 can be received, the receiving position can be appropriately shifted depending on the situation.
- the probe especially the wedge, is not used. Since the receiving vertical probe 22 cannot be brought into close contact with the flaw detection surface, it is preferable to use a probe having flexibility on the flaw detection surface.
- a flexible probe 7 for example, a soft probe manufactured by Japan Probe Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the inspection object 6 is as thin as 2 Omm, it is difficult to detect with the detection laser. Therefore, a receiving vertical probe 22 using a piezoelectric element having a fundamental frequency of 5 MHz and a diameter of 8 mm was used.
- the receiving vertical probe 22 is fixed in advance above the slit 20. And the irradiation position of the excitation laser beam 9 on the transmission side was moved. the other one is
- the excitation laser beam 9 and the reception vertical probe 22 are simultaneously set with the interval S between the irradiation positions of the reception vertical probe 22 and the excitation laser beam 9 being constant. Aligned and moved in the same direction by the same amount.
- X represents the distance between the laser irradiation position and the slit 20 at the start of scanning
- S represents the distance between the laser irradiation position and the receiving probe 22. Scanning was performed 1 mm at a time.
- An arrow indicated by reference numeral 30 indicates the scanning direction.
- Table 1 shows the flaw detection results.
- flaw detection methods using surface waves and upward diffracted waves no error occurs when slit 20 is 2 mm or 5 mm, and the error is only 0.4 mm (5% error) even when 8 mm. It was confirmed that the height of the flaw can be measured with high accuracy. Thus, according to the ultrasonic flaw detection method of the present invention, it was confirmed that the measurement accuracy of the flaw height can be improved.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/304,912 US7900516B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2007-07-06 | Ultrasonic flaw detection apparatus and ultrasonic flaw detection method |
| KR1020087031168A KR101134431B1 (ko) | 2006-07-11 | 2007-07-06 | 초음파 탐상 장치 및 방법 |
| JP2007553810A JP4785151B2 (ja) | 2006-07-11 | 2007-07-06 | 超音波探傷装置及び方法 |
| EP07766972A EP2053392A1 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2007-07-06 | Ultrasonic scanning device and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006-190016 | 2006-07-11 | ||
| JP2006190016 | 2006-07-11 | ||
| JP2006286202 | 2006-10-20 | ||
| JP2006-286202 | 2006-10-20 | ||
| JP2007010134 | 2007-01-19 | ||
| JP2007-010134 | 2007-01-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008007460A1 true WO2008007460A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
Family
ID=38923031
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/000740 Ceased WO2008007460A1 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2007-07-06 | Ultrasonic scanning device and method |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7900516B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2053392A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4785151B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101134431B1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008007460A1 (ja) |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011189407A (ja) * | 2010-02-16 | 2011-09-29 | Panasonic Corp | レーザ溶接装置およびレーザ溶接方法 |
| KR101736641B1 (ko) | 2015-12-24 | 2017-05-17 | 주식회사 포스코 | 균열 측정 장치 및 방법 |
| WO2017111418A1 (ko) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-06-29 | 주식회사 포스코 | 균열 측정 장치 및 방법 |
| JP2017198655A (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-11-02 | ザ・ボーイング・カンパニーThe Boeing Company | 構造物の検査 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2053392A1 (en) | 2009-04-29 |
| US7900516B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 |
| KR101134431B1 (ko) | 2012-04-09 |
| KR20090045151A (ko) | 2009-05-07 |
| JPWO2008007460A1 (ja) | 2009-12-10 |
| JP4785151B2 (ja) | 2011-10-05 |
| US20090199642A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
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