WO2008009516A2 - Wasserbasislacke mit hochfunktionellen, hoch- oder hyperverzweigten polycarbonaten - Google Patents
Wasserbasislacke mit hochfunktionellen, hoch- oder hyperverzweigten polycarbonaten Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008009516A2 WO2008009516A2 PCT/EP2007/055796 EP2007055796W WO2008009516A2 WO 2008009516 A2 WO2008009516 A2 WO 2008009516A2 EP 2007055796 W EP2007055796 W EP 2007055796W WO 2008009516 A2 WO2008009516 A2 WO 2008009516A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D201/00—Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C09D201/005—Dendritic macromolecules
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/44—Polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/02—Aliphatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/0208—Aliphatic polycarbonates saturated
- C08G64/0216—Aliphatic polycarbonates saturated containing a chain-terminating or -crosslinking agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/04—Aromatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/06—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation
- C08G64/14—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation containing a chain-terminating or -crosslinking agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/16—Aliphatic-aromatic or araliphatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/1608—Aliphatic-aromatic or araliphatic polycarbonates saturated
- C08G64/1616—Aliphatic-aromatic or araliphatic polycarbonates saturated containing a chain-terminating or -crosslinking agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D169/00—Coating compositions based on polycarbonates; Coating compositions based on derivatives of polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to aqueous basecoats which contain highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates based on dialkyl or diaryl carbonates or phosgene, diphosgene or triphosgene and aliphatic, aliphatic / aromatic or aromatic diols or polyols.
- EP 01 124907 B1 describes polyethylene and polypropylene oxides for improving the clearcoat wetting on basecoat.
- DE 3707388 A1 describes a polypropylene oxide of average molecular weight 900 as a protective colloid for phyllosilicates which is used as a rheological additive in waterborne basecoats.
- Polycarbonates are usually obtained from the reaction of alcohols or phenols with phosgene or from the transesterification of alcohols or phenols with dialkyl or diaryl carbonates.
- aromatic polycarbonates for example, prepared from bisphenols; Aliphatic polycarbonates have so far played a subordinate role in terms of market volume. See also Becker / Braun, Kunststoff-Handbuch Bd. 3/1, polycarbonates, polyacetals, polyesters, cellulose esters, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1992, pages 1 18-119, and "Ullmann 's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", 6th Edition, 2000 Electronic Release, Publisher Wiley-VCH.
- aromatic or aliphatic polycarbonates described in the literature are usually constructed linearly or with only a slight degree of branching.
- WO 2005/026234 describes the preparation of hyperbranched polycarbonates and their use in paints in general, and in particular in printing inks.
- Hyperbranched polycarbonates can also be prepared according to WO 98/50453. According to the process described there, triols are again reacted with carbonylbisimidazole. Initially, imidazolides are formed, which then react further intermolecularly with the polycarbonates. According to the method mentioned, the polycarbonates are obtained as colorless or pale yellow rubbery products.
- the hyperbranched products are either high-melting, rubbery or thermally labile, thereby significantly limiting later processability.
- Imidazole liberated during the reaction must be removed from the reaction mixture in a complicated manner.
- the reaction products always contain terminal imidazolide groups. These groups are labile and must be converted via a subsequent step, for example, into hydroxyl groups.
- Carbonyldiimidazole is a comparatively expensive chemical that greatly increases the cost of materials.
- the problem could be solved by water-based paints containing at least one highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched, uncrosslinked polycarbonate.
- Another object of the present invention is the use of highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates as an additive in water-based paints.
- An object of the invention therefore forms the use of highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates to reduce the wetting limit in the multi-layer coating, preferably two-coat with aqueous basecoat and clearcoat.
- the highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates are added to the aqueous basecoat before its application, preferably in an amount of from 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on its solids content.
- a further subject of the invention is an aqueous basecoat composition containing in each case one or more binders and optionally pigments and optionally fillers, crosslinking agents, organic solvents and / or customary paint additives which additionally comprise one or more highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates in a proportion of 0 , 1 to 15% by weight, based on their solids content.
- the high-functionality, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates used for this purpose are liquid or solid at room temperature (23 ° C.), preferably liquid usually have a glass transition temperature of -70 to 50 ° C., preferably -70 to 20 ° C. and more preferably of -50 to +10 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature T 9 is determined by the DSC method (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) according to ASTM 3418/82, the heating rate is preferably 10 ° C./min.
- the OH number according to DIN 53240, part 2 of the hyperbranched polycarbonates is usually 100 mg KOH / g or more, preferably 150 mg KOH / g or more.
- the viscosity according to ISO 3219 of the polycarbonates in melt at 175 ° C is between 0 and 20,000 mPas, preferably 0-15,000 mPas.
- the weight average molecular weight M w is usually between 1,000 and 150,000, preferably from 2000 to 120,000 g / mol, the number average molecular weight M n between 500 and 50,000, preferably between 500 and 40,000 g / mol.
- the polycarbonates have an advantageous effect in the aqueous basecoat materials according to the invention, in particular as aids for improving the wetting properties.
- Hyperbranched polycarbonates in the context of this invention are understood as meaning undyed macromolecules having hydroxyl groups and carbonate or carbamoyl chloride groups which are structurally as well as molecularly non-uniform. They can be constructed on the one hand, starting from a central molecule analogous to dendrimers, but with uneven chain length of the branches. On the other hand, they can also be linear, with functional, branched side groups, or, as a combination of the two extremes, linear and branched parts of the molecule. For the definition of dendrimeric and hyperbranched polymers see also PJ. Flory, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2718 and H. Frey et al., Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, no. 14, 2499.
- DB degree of branching
- dendrimer is understood to mean that the degree of branching is 99.9-100%.
- degree of branching is 99.9-100%.
- Uncrosslinked in the context of this document means that a degree of crosslinking of less than 15% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, determined via the insoluble fraction of the polymer, is present.
- the insoluble portion of the polymer was determined by extraction for four hours with the same solvent as used for gel permeation chromatography is, that is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, dimethylacetamide and hexafluoroisopropanol, depending on the solvent in which the polymer is more soluble, in a Soxhlet apparatus and after drying the residue to constant weight weighing the remaining residue.
- the highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched, uncrosslinked polycarbonates are preferably obtained by a process comprising the steps:
- a1) reacting at least one organic carbonate (A) of the general formula RO [(CO) O] nR with at least one aliphatic, aliphatic / aromatic or aromatic alcohol (B1) which has at least 3 OH groups, with elimination of alcohols ROH, wherein each R independently of one another is a straight-chain or branched aliphatic, aromatic / aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, and wherein the radicals R also form a ring, preferably a five- to six-membered ring and n represents an integer of 1 to 5
- the quantitative ratio of the OH groups to the phosgene or the carbonate in the reaction mixture is chosen so that the condensation products (K) on average either a carbonate or carbamoyl chloride group and more than one OH group or an OH group and more have a carbonate or carbamoyl chloride group.
- Phosgene, diphosgene or triphosgene, among these preferably phosgene, can be used as starting material, but organic carbonates (A) are preferably used.
- the radicals R of the organic carbonates (A) of the general formula RO [(CO) O] n R used as starting material are each independently a straight-chain or branched aliphatic, aromatic / aliphatic (aliphatic) or aromatic hydrocarbon radical 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the two radicals R can also be linked together to form a ring.
- the two radicals R may be the same or different, preferably they are the same. It is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical and particularly preferably a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 5 C atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl radical.
- R stands for a straight-chain or branched, preferably straight-chain, (cyclo) aliphatic, aromatic / aliphatic or aromatic, preferably (cyclo) aliphatic or aromatic, particularly preferably aliphatic, hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, preferably 1 to 12, more preferably 1 to 6 and most preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Examples of these are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl , n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethylhexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, cyclododecyl, phenyl, o- or p-tolyl or naphthyl. Preference is given to methyl, ethyl, n-butyl and phenyl.
- the radicals R may be the same or different, preferably they are the same.
- radicals R can also be linked together to form a ring.
- divalent radicals R are 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 2-propylene and 1, 3-propylene.
- n is an integer from 1 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3, particularly preferably from 1 to 2.
- the carbonates may preferably be simple carbonates of the general formula RO (CO) OR, i. in this case n stands for 1.
- Dialkyl or diaryl carbonates can be prepared, for example, from the reaction of aliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic alcohols, preferably monoalcohols with phosgene. Furthermore, they can also be prepared via oxidative carbonylation of the alcohols or phenols by means of CO in the presence of noble metals, oxygen or NO x .
- For preparation methods of diaryl or dialkyl carbonates see also "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry", 6th Edition, 2000 Electronic Release, Verlag Wiley-VCH. It does not play a significant role according to the invention in which way the carbonate has been prepared.
- suitable carbonates include aliphatic, aromatic / aliphatic or aromatic carbonates, such as ethylene carbonate, 1, 2 or 1, 3-propylene carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, ditolyl carbonate, dixylyl carbonate, dinaphthyl carbonate, ethyl phenyl carbonate, dibenzyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, di-n- propyl carbonate, di-n-butyl carbonate, diisobutyl carbonate, dipentyl carbonate, dihexyl carbonate, dicyclohexyl carbonate, diheptyl carbonate, dioctyl carbonate, didecyl carbonate or didodecyl carbonate.
- aliphatic, aromatic / aliphatic or aromatic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, 1, 2 or 1, 3-propylene carbonate, diphenyl carbonate, ditolyl carbonate, dixylyl carbonate, dinaphthyl carbon
- Examples of carbonates in which n is greater than 1 include dialkyl dicarbonates, such as di (tert-butyl) dicarbonate or dialkyl tricarbonates, such as di (tert-butyl) tricarbonate.
- Aliphatic carbonates are preferably used, in particular those in which the radicals comprise 1 to 5 C atoms, for example dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, di-n-propyl carbonate, di-n-butyl carbonate or diisobutyl carbonate.
- a preferred aromatic carbonate is diphenyl carbonate.
- the organic carbonates are reacted with at least one aliphatic or aromatic alcohol (B1) which has at least 3 OH groups or mixtures of two or more different alcohols.
- the alcohol (B1) may be branched or unbranched, substituted or unsubstituted and have from 3 to 26 carbon atoms. It is preferably a (cyclo) aliphatic, more preferably an aliphatic alcohol.
- Examples of compounds having at least three OH groups include glycerol, trimethylolmethane, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, 1, 2,4-butanetriol, tris (hydroxy-methyl) amine, tris (hydroxyethyl) amine, tris (hydroxypropyl) amine, Pentaerythritol, diglycerol, triglycerol, polyglycerols, bis (tri-methylolpropane), tris (hydroxymethyl) isocyanurate, tris (hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, phloroglucinol, trihydroxytoluene, trihydroxydimethylbenzene, phloroglucides, hexahydroxybenzene, 1, 3,5-benzenetrimethanol, 1, 1 , 1-tris (4'-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 1, 1, 1-tris (4'-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, sugars, such as glucose,
- the abovementioned alcohols having at least three OH groups may optionally also be alkoxylated, ie with one to 30, preferably one to 20, especially preferably one to 10 and most preferably one to five molecules of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or iso-butylene oxide per hydroxyl group to be implemented.
- Glycerol trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1, 2,4-butanetriol, pentaerythritol and their polyetherols based on ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide are particularly preferred.
- polyfunctional alcohols can also be used in mixture with difunctional alcohols (B2), with the proviso that the mean OH functionality of all the alcohols used together is greater than 2.
- suitable compounds having two OH groups include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1, 2 and 1, 3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 2, 1, 3 and 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 2-, 1, 3- and 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 2 or 1, 3-cyclopentanediol, 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-cyclohexanediol, 1 , 1-, 1, 2-, 1, 3- or 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) methane, bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) ethane, 2,2-
- the diols serve to finely adjust the properties of the polycarbonate. If di-functional alcohols are used, the ratio of difunctional alcohols (B2) to the at least trifunctional alcohols (B1) is determined by the person skilled in the art according to the desired properties of the polycarbonate. As a rule, the amount of the alcohol or alcohols (B2) is 0 to 39.9 mol% with respect to the total amount of all alcohols (B1) and (B2) together. The amount is preferably 0 to 35 mol%, particularly preferably 0 to 25 mol% and very particularly preferably 0 to 10 mol%.
- the alcohols (B1) and (B2) are collectively referred to herein as (B).
- the reaction of phosgene, diphosgene or triphosgene with the alcohol or alcohol mixture is usually carried out with elimination of hydrogen chloride, the reaction of the carbonates with the alcohol or alcohol mixture to highly functional highly branched polycarbonate with elimination of the monofunctional alcohol or phenol from the carbonate molecule.
- the highly functional highly branched polycarbonates formed by the process described are after the reaction, ie without further modification, with hydro- xyl phenomenon and terminated with carbonate groups or carbamoyl chloride groups. They dissolve well in various solvents.
- solvents examples include aromatic and / or (cyclo) aliphatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, esters and ethers.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons (cyclo) aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkanoic acid alkyl esters, ketones, alkoxylated alkanoic acid alkyl esters and mixtures thereof are preferred.
- Preferred aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures are those which comprise predominantly aromatic C 2 - to C 6 -hydrocarbons and may have a boiling range of from 1 10 to 300 ° C., particular preference is given to toluene, o-, m- or p-xylene, trimethylbenzene isomers, tetramethylbenzene isomers, ethylbenzene , Cumene, tetrahydronaphthalene and mixtures containing such.
- Solvesso® brands of ExxonMobil Chemical especially Solvesso® 100 (CAS No. 64742-95-6, predominantly C 9 and Cio-aromatics, boiling range about 154-178 0 C), 150 (boiling range about 182 - 207 0 C) and 200 (CAS No. 64742-94-5), as well as the Shellsol® brands of Shell.
- Hydrocarbon mixtures of paraffins, cycloparaffins and aromatics are also known under the designations crystal oil (for example crystal oil 30, boiling range about 158-198 ° C. or crystal oil 60: CAS No. 64742-82-1), white spirit (for example likewise CAS No. 64742).
- hydrocarbon mixtures are generally more than 90% by weight, preferably more than 95, more preferably more than 98, and very preferably more than 99% by weight. It may be useful to use hydrocarbon mixtures with a particularly reduced content of naphthalene.
- the content of aliphatic hydrocarbons is generally less than 5, preferably less than 2.5 and more preferably less than 1% by weight.
- Halogenated hydrocarbons are, for example, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene or isomeric mixtures thereof.
- Esters include, for example, n-butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxypropyl acetate-2 and 2-methoxyethyl acetate.
- Ethers are, for example, THF, dioxane and the dimethyl, ethyl or n-butyl ethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol or tripropylene glycol.
- ketones are acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, 3-pentanone, hexanone, isobutyl methyl ketone, heptanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone or cycloheptanone.
- Examples of (cyclo) aliphatic hydrocarbons include decalin, alkylated decalin and isomer mixtures of straight-chain or branched alkanes and / or cycloalkanes.
- Such mixtures can be prepared in a volume ratio of 5: 1 to 1: 5, preferably in a volume ratio of 4: 1 to 1: 4, more preferably in a volume ratio of 3: 1 to 1: 3 and most preferably in a volume ratio of 2: 1 to 1: 2 ,
- Preferred solvents are butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, iso-butyl methyl ketone, 2-butanone, Solvesso® brands and xylene.
- carbonates are, for example, water, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, alcohol / water mixtures, acetone, 2-butanone, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrrolidone, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate be.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, alcohol / water mixtures
- acetone 2-butanone
- dimethylformamide dimethylacetamide
- N-methylpyrrolidone N-ethylpyrrolidone
- ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate be.
- the polycarbonates are water-soluble or water-dispersible.
- a high-functionality polycarbonate is to be understood as meaning a product which, in addition to the carbonate groups which form the polymer backbone, also has at least three, preferably at least six, more preferably at least ten functional groups.
- the functional groups are carbonate groups or carbamoyl chloride groups and / or OH groups.
- the number of terminal or pendant functional groups is in principle not limited to the top, but products with very high number of functional groups have undesirable properties such as high viscosity or poor solubility.
- the high-functionality polycarbonates usually have not more than 500 terminal or pendant functional groups, preferably not more than 100 terminal or pendant functional groups.
- condensation product (K) on average either a carbonate or Carbamoyl chloride group and more than one OH group or one OH group and more than one carbonate or carbamoyl chloride group, preferably on average either a carbonate or carbamoyl chloride group and at least two OH groups or an OH group and at least two carbonate or Contains carbamoyl chloride groups.
- polycarbonate at least one divalent carbonyl reactive compound (A1).
- A1 divalent carbonyl reactive compound
- Carboxyl groups may be carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid chlorides, carboxylic anhydrides or carboxylic acid esters, preferably carboxylic acid anhydrides or carboxylic acid esters and more preferably carboxylic acid esters.
- the ratio of (A1) to the carbonates or phosgene (A) is determined by the person skilled in the art, depending on the desired properties of the polycarbonate.
- the amount of the divalent compound (A1) is from 0 to 40 mol% with respect to the total amount of all carbonates / phosgene (A) and compounds (A1) together.
- the amount is preferably 0 to 35 mol%, particularly preferably 0 to 25 mol% and very particularly preferably 0 to 10 mol%.
- Examples of compounds (A1) are dicarbonates or dicarbamoyl chlorides of diols, for example ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,1-dimethylethane-1,2-diol, 2-butyl-2-ethyl- 1, 3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-1, 3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol ester, 1, 2, 1, 3 or 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6 Hexanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, bis (4-hydroxycyclohexane) isopropylidene, tetramethylcyclobutanediol, 1, 2-, 1, 3- or 1, 4-cyclohexanediol, cyclooctanediol, norbor
- These can be prepared, for example, by reacting these diols with an excess of, for example, the above-mentioned carbonates RO (CO) OR or chloroformates, so that the resulting dicarbonates are substituted on both sides with groups RO (CO) -.
- Another possibility is to first react the diols with phosgene to form the corresponding chlorocarbonic acid esters of the diols and then to react with alcohols.
- Further compounds (A1) are dicarboxylic acids, esters of dicarboxylic acids, preferably the methyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl esters, especially preferably the methyl, ethyl or n-butyl esters.
- dicarboxylic acids examples include oxalic, maleic, fumaric, succinic, glutaric, adipic, sebacic, dodecanedioic, o-phthalic, isophthalic, terephthalic, azelaic, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic or tetrahydrophthalic, suberic, phthalic , Hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, dimer fatty acids, their isomers and hydrogenation products.
- the reactive group which results as a single group, is referred to hereinafter generally "focal group”.
- condensation product (K) from a carbonate and a trihydric alcohol at a molar conversion ratio of 1: 1 results in the average molecule of the type XY2, illustrated by the general formula (II).
- Focal group here is a carbonate group.
- R has the meaning defined above and R 1 is an aliphatic or aromatic radical.
- the preparation of the condensation product (K) can be carried out, for example, also from a carbonate and a trihydric alcohol, illustrated by the general formula (IV), wherein the reaction ratio is at molar 2: 1. This results in the average molecule of type X2Y, focal group here is an OH group.
- R and R 1 have the same meaning as in the formulas (I) to (IM) above.
- R 2 is an aliphatic or aromatic radical, R and R 1 are defined as described above.
- condensation products (K) it is also possible to use a plurality of condensation products (K) for the synthesis.
- several alcohols or more carbonates can be used.
- mixtures of different condensation products of different structure can be obtained by selecting the ratio of the alcohols used and the carbonates or phosgene. This is exemplified by the example of the reaction of a carbonate with a trihydric alcohol. If the starting materials are used in the ratio 1: 1, as shown in (II), one molecule XY2 is obtained. If the starting materials are used in a ratio of 2: 1, as shown in (IV), one molecule X2Y is obtained. At a ratio between 1: 1 and 2: 1, a mixture of molecules XY2 and X2Y is obtained.
- the stoichiometry of components (A) and (B) is generally chosen so that the resulting condensation product (K) has on average either a carbonate or carbamoyl chloride group and more than one OH group or one OH group and more than one carbonate - Has or carbamoyl chloride group.
- This is achieved in the first case by a stoichiometry of 1 mol carbonate groups:> 2 mol OH groups, for example a stoichiometry of 1: 2.1 to 8, preferably 1: 2.2 to 6, particularly preferably 1: 2.5 to 4 and most preferably 1: 2.8 to 3.5.
- this is achieved by a stoichiometry of more than 1 mol of carbonate groups: ⁇ 1 mol of OH groups, for example a stoichiometry of 1: 0.1 to 0.48, preferably 1: 0.15 to 0.45, more preferably 1: 0.25 to 0.4 and most preferably 1: 0.28 to 0.35.
- the temperature should be sufficient for the reaction of the alcohol with the corresponding carbonyl component.
- a temperature of -20 ° C to 120 ° C preferably 0 to 100 and particularly preferably 20 to 80 ° C.
- the temperature should be 60 to 180 ° C, preferably 80 to 160 ° C, more preferably 100 to 160 and most preferably 120 to 140 ° C.
- Suitable solvents are the solvents already mentioned above. It is a preferred embodiment to carry out the reaction without solvent.
- the order of addition of the individual components usually plays a minor role. In general, it is useful to submit the excess component of the two reactants and add the sub-component. Alternatively, it is also possible to mix the two components together before starting the reaction and then to heat this mixture to the required reaction temperature.
- the simple condensation products (K) described by way of example in the formulas (I) to (V) preferably react intermolecularly to form highly functional polycondensation products, referred to hereinafter as polycondensation products (P).
- the conversion to the condensation product (K) and the polycondensation product (P) is usually carried out at a temperature of 0 to 300 ° C, preferably 0 to 250 ° C, more preferably at 60 to 200 ° C and most preferably at 60 to 160 ° C. in substance or in solution.
- all solvents can be used which are inert to the respective starting materials.
- organic solvents for example those mentioned above and particularly preferably decane, dodecane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide or solvent naphtha.
- the condensation reaction is carried out in bulk.
- the monofunctional alcohol or phenol ROH liberated in the reaction can be removed from the reaction equilibrium to accelerate the reaction, for example by distillation, if appropriate under reduced pressure.
- the separation of the alcohol or phenol may also be accomplished by passing a stream of gas substantially inert under the reaction conditions (stripping), e.g. Nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide or even an oxygen-containing gas, such. Air or lean air, to be supported.
- a stream of gas substantially inert under the reaction conditions (stripping), e.g. Nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide or even an oxygen-containing gas, such. Air or lean air, to be supported.
- Suitable catalysts are compounds which catalyze esterification or transesterification reactions, for example alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali hydrogen carbonates, preferably of sodium, potassium or cesium, tertiary amines, guanidines, ammonium compounds, phosphonium compounds, Aluminum, tin, zinc, titanium, zirconium or bismuth organic compounds, furthermore so-called double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts, as described for example in DE 10138216 or in DE 10147712.
- DMC double metal cyanide
- potassium hydroxide potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, diazabicyclooctane (DABCO), diazabicyclononene (DBN), diazabicycloundecene (DBU), imidazoles, such as imidazole, 1-methylimidazole or 1,2-dimethylimidazole, titanium tetrabutylate, titanium tetraisopropylate, dibutyltin oxide, Dibutyltin dilaurate, Zinndioctoat, Zirkonacetyla- cetonate or mixtures thereof used.
- DABCO diazabicyclooctane
- DBN diazabicyclononene
- DBU diazabicycloundecene
- imidazoles such as imidazole, 1-methylimidazole or 1,2-dimethylimidazole
- titanium tetrabutylate titanium tetraisopropylate
- dibutyltin oxide dibutylt
- the addition of the catalyst is generally carried out in an amount of 50 to 10,000, preferably from 100 to 5000 ppm by weight, based on the amount of the alcohol or alcohol mixture used.
- the intermolecular polycondensation reaction both by adding the appropriate catalyst and by selecting a suitable temperature. Furthermore, the average molecular weight of the polymer (P) can be adjusted via the composition of the starting components and over the residence time.
- condensation products (K) or the polycondensation products (P) which have been prepared at elevated temperature are usually stable over a longer period of time, for example over at least 6 weeks, without turbidity, precipitations and / or an increase in viscosity.
- condensation reaction may result in polycondensation products (P) having different structures which have branches but no crosslinks.
- the polycondensation products (P) ideally have either a carbonate or carbamoyl chloride group as the focal group and more than two OH groups.
- the number of reactive groups results from the nature of the condensation products (K) used and the degree of polycondensation.
- a condensation product (K) according to the general formula (II) can react by three-fold intermolecular condensation to give two different polycondensation products (P) represented by the general formulas (VI) and (VII).
- R and R 1 are as defined above.
- the temperature can be lowered to a range in which the reaction comes to a standstill and the product (K) or the polycondensation product (P) is storage-stable. This is generally the case below 60 ° C., preferably below 50 ° C., particularly preferably below 40 ° C., and very particularly preferably at room temperature.
- an acidic component for example a Lewis acid or an organic or inorganic protic acid.
- the product (P) is added to terminate the reaction with a product having groups which are reactive towards the focal group of (P) .
- a product having groups which are reactive towards the focal group of (P) e.g., a carbonate group or carbamoyl group, for example, a mono-, di- or polyamine can be added as the focal group.
- the product (P) may be added with, for example, a mono-, di- or polyisocyanate, an epoxy group-containing compound or an OH derivative-reactive acid derivative.
- the preparation of the highly functional polycarbonates is usually carried out in a pressure range of 0.1 hPa to 2 MPa, preferably at 1 hPa to 500 kPa, in reactors or reactor cascades, which are operated in batch, semi-continuous or continuous.
- the products can be further processed after preparation without further purification.
- the reaction mixture may be discolored, for example by treatment with activated carbon or metal oxides, e.g. Alumina, silica, magnesia, zirconia, boria or mixtures thereof, in amounts of, for example, 0.1-50 wt.%, Preferably 0.5-25 wt.%, Particularly preferably 1-10 wt.% At temperatures of, for example, 10 to 100 ° C, preferably 20 to 80 ° C and more preferably 30 to 60 ° C are subjected.
- activated carbon or metal oxides e.g. Alumina, silica, magnesia, zirconia, boria or mixtures thereof.
- reaction mixture may also be filtered to remove any precipitates that may be present.
- the product is stripped, that is freed from low molecular weight, volatile compounds.
- the catalyst can optionally be deactivated and the low molecular weight volatile constituents, for example monoalcohols, phenols, carbonates, hydrogen chloride or volatile oligomeric or cyclic compounds by distillation, optionally with introduction of a gas, preferably nitrogen, carbon dioxide or air, if appropriate under reduced pressure.
- the polycarbonates in addition to the functional groups already obtained by the reaction, can be given further functional groups.
- the functionalization can during the molecular weight build-up or even subsequently, i. after completion of the actual polycondensation.
- Such effects can be achieved, for example, by addition of compounds during the polycondensation which, in addition to hydroxyl groups, carbonate groups or carbamoyl chloride groups further functional groups or functional elements, such as mercapto, primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, ether groups, carboxylic acid groups or derivatives thereof, sulfonic acid groups or derivatives thereof , Phosphonic acid groups or their derivatives, silane groups, siloxane groups, aryl radicals or long-chain alkyl radicals.
- compounds during the polycondensation which, in addition to hydroxyl groups, carbonate groups or carbamoyl chloride groups further functional groups or functional elements, such as mercapto, primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, ether groups, carboxylic acid groups or derivatives thereof, sulfonic acid groups or derivatives thereof , Phosphonic acid groups or their derivatives, silane groups, siloxane groups, aryl radicals or long-chain alkyl radicals.
- ethanolamine, propanolamine, isopropanolamine, 2- (butylamino) ethanol, 2- (cyclohexylamino) ethanol, 2-amino-1-butanol, 2- (2'-amino-ethoxy) ethanol or higher can be Use alkoxylation products of ammonia, 4-hydroxy-piperidine, 1-hydroxyethylpiperazine, diethanolamine, dipropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, tris (hydroxyethyl) aminomethane, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine or isophoronediamine.
- Mercaptoethanol can be used for the modification with mercapto groups, for example.
- Tertiary amino groups can be ethanolamine for example, by incorporation of triethanolamine, tripropanolamine produce, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-methyldipropanolamine or N 1 N-dimethylethanolamine.
- Ether groups can be generated, for example, by condensation of di- or higher-functional polyetherols.
- dicarboxylic acids, tricarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acid esters, such as dimethyl terephthalate or tricarboxylic esters it is possible to produce ester groups.
- ester groups By reaction with long-chain alkanols or alkanediols, long-chain alkyl radicals can be introduced.
- the reaction with alkyl or aryl diisocyanates generates polycarbonates containing alkyl, aryl and urethane groups, the addition of primary or secondary amines leads to the introduction of urethan
- Subsequent functionalization can be obtained by reacting the resulting highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonate in an additional process step (step c)) with a suitable functionalizing reagent which reacts with the OH and / or carbonate or carbamoyl chloride groups of the polycarbonate can, converts.
- Hydroxyl-containing high-functionality, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates can be modified, for example, by addition of molecules containing acid groups or isocyanate groups.
- acid groups can be used containing polycarbonates obtained by reaction with anhydride-containing compounds.
- hydroxyl-containing high-functionality polycarbonates can also be converted into highly functional polycarbonate-polyether polyols by reaction with alkylene oxides, for example ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide.
- the hydroxyl groups are reacted with at least one alkylene oxide, for example ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, isobutylene oxide and / or styrene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and particularly preferably ethylene oxide.
- alkylene oxide for example ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, isobutylene oxide and / or styrene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and particularly preferably ethylene oxide.
- alkylene oxide for example ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, isobutylene oxide and / or styrene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and particularly preferably ethylene oxide.
- alkylene oxide for example ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, isobutylene oxide and / or styrene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and particularly preferably ethylene oxide.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention represents at least partially reacting the polycarbonates with at least one monofunctional polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohol. As a result, an improved Wasseremulgieriana is effected.
- Monofunctional polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols are reaction products of suitable starter molecules with polyalkylene oxides.
- Suitable starter molecules for preparing monohydric polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols are thiol compounds, monohydroxy compounds of the general formula
- R 5 , R 6 and R 7 independently of one another independently of one another are C 1 -C -alkyl, C 2 -C -alkyl which is optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups, C 6 -C 12 -Aryl, C5 - Ci2-cycloalkyl or a five- to six-membered, oxygen, nitrogen and / or sulfur-containing heterocycle or R 6 and R 7 together an unsaturated, saturated or aromatic and optionally by one or more oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imino groups interrupted ring, where the radicals mentioned in each case by functional groups, aryl, alkyl, aryl oxy, alkyloxy, halogen, heteroatoms and / or heterocycles may be substituted.
- R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, ie methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, especially R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are preferably methyl.
- Suitable monohydric starter molecules may be saturated monoalcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, the isomeric pentanols, hexanols, octanols and nonanols, n-decanol, n-dodecanol, n-tetradecanol, n-hexadecanol, n-octadecanol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol, the isomeric methylcyclohexanols or hydroxymethylcyclohexane, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane, or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol; unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol, 1, 1-dimethyl-allyl alcohol or oleic alcohol, aromatic alcohols such as phenol,
- Examples of the amine-started polyethers are the so-called Jeffamine® M series, which are methyl-capped polyalkylene oxides having an amino function, such as M-600 (XTJ-505), having a propylene oxide (PO) / ethylene oxide (EO) ratio of ca. 9: 1 and a molecular weight of about 600, M-1000 (XTJ-506): PO / EO ratio 3:19, molecular weight about 1000, M-2005 (XTJ-507): PO / EO ratio 29: 6, molecular weight about 2000 or M-2070: PO / EO ratio 10:31, molecular weight about 2000.
- M-600 XTJ-505
- PO propylene oxide
- EO ethylene oxide
- alkylene oxides ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, iso-butylene oxide, vinyloxirane and / or styrene oxide, which can be used in any order or in admixture in the alkoxylation reaction.
- alkylene oxides are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and mixtures thereof, ethylene oxide is particularly preferred.
- Preferred polyether alcohols are those based on polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols, in the preparation of which saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols of the abovementioned type were used as starter molecules.
- Very particularly preferred are those based on polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols which have been prepared using saturated aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical.
- Particular preference is given to methanol-started polyalkylene noxidpolyetheralkohole.
- the monohydric polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols generally have on average at least 2 alkylene oxide units, preferably 5 ethylene oxide units, per molecule, more preferably at least 7, very preferably at least 10 and in particular at least 15.
- the monohydric polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols generally have on statistical average up to 50 alkylene oxide units, preferably ethylene oxide units, per molecule, preferably up to 45, more preferably up to 40 and most preferably up to 30.
- the molecular weight of the monohydric polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols is preferably up to 4000, particularly preferably not more than 2000 g / mol, very particularly preferably not less than 500 and in particular 1000 ⁇ 200 g / mol.
- Preferred polyether alcohols are thus compounds of the formula
- R 5 has the abovementioned meanings
- the polycarbonates (K) and / or (P) at temperatures of 40 to 180 ° C, preferably 50 to 150 ° C, while maintaining a carbonate or carbamoyl chloride / OH equivalent ratio of 1: 1 to 100: 1, preferably from 1: 1 to 50: 1, more preferably 1, 5: 1 to 20: 1 reacted together.
- a big advantage of the method lies in its economy. Both the conversion to a condensation product (K) or polycondensation product (P) and the reaction of (K) or (P) to polycarbonates with other functional groups or elements may be in a reaction device, which is technically and economically advantageous.
- the highly functional highly branched polycarbonates formed by the process are terminated after the reaction, ie without further modification, with hydroxyl groups and / or with carbonate or carbamoyl chloride groups. They dissolve well in various solvents, for example in water, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, alcohol / water mixtures, acetone, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, methoxyethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, Dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, alcohol / water mixtures, acetone, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, methoxyethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, di
- the highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates are used in an amount of from 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.2 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.3 to 8% by weight, very particularly preferably from 0.4 to 5% by weight. and in particular from 0.5 to 3% by weight, based on the solids content of the aqueous basecoat materials.
- the aqueous basecoat materials according to the invention may contain customary lacquer solvents, for example in an amount of preferably less than 20% by weight, more preferably less than 15% by weight.
- lacquer-based solvents these can be obtained, for example, from the preparation of the binders or the polycarbonates, or are added separately.
- solvents are monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. Propanol, butanol, hexanol; Glycol ethers or esters, e.g. Diethylene glycol di-Ci - C ⁇ -alkyl ether, Dipropylenglykoldi- Ci - C ⁇ -alkyl ethers, ethoxypropanol, butyl glycol; Glycols e.g.
- N-alkyl pyrrolidones such as. N-methylpyrrolidone and ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, cyclohexanone
- aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons e.g. Toluene, xylene or linear or branched aliphatic Ce - Ci2 hydrocarbons.
- the aqueous basecoat materials according to the invention have solids contents of 10 to 50% by weight; for effect water basecoat materials they are preferably 15 to 30% by weight; for unicoloured waterborne basecoats they are preferably higher, for example 20 to 45% by weight.
- the sum of the proportions by weight of coloring pigments, effect pigments and / or fillers is related to the sum of the proportions by weight of solid binder, solid paste resin and solid crosslinker in the finished aqueous basecoat.
- the aqueous basecoat materials according to the invention also contain at least one binder (O) and at least one crosslinker (V).
- the waterborne basecoats can additionally contain further additives (F) and / or pigments and / or effect pigments (G).
- the aqueous basecoat materials suitably contain ionic or nonionic stabilized binder systems. These are preferably anionically and / or non-ionically stabilized.
- Anionic stabilization is preferably achieved by at least partially neutralized carboxyl groups in the binder, while non-ionic stabilization is preferably achieved by lateral or terminal polyalkylene oxide, especially polyethylene oxide units in the binder.
- the aqueous basecoats may be physically drying or crosslinkable to form covalent bonds.
- the aqueous basecoats which crosslink to form covalent bonds may be self-crosslinking or externally crosslinking systems. In the latter case, these may be single or multicomponent aqueous basecoats.
- the aqueous basecoat materials according to the invention comprise one or more customary film-forming binders. If the binders are not self-crosslinking or self-drying, they may optionally also contain crosslinkers. Both the binder and optionally contained crosslinker is not subject to any restriction.
- customary polyester, polyurethane and / or poly (meth) acrylate resins can be used as film-forming binders.
- the choice of crosslinkers which may be present is not critical; it depends on the functionality of the binders in a manner familiar to the person skilled in the art, that is to say the crosslinkers are selected such that they have a reactive functionality complementary to the functionality of the binder.
- Examples of such complementary functionalities between binder and crosslinker are: carboxyl / epoxide, hydroxyl / methylol ether and / or methylol (methylol ether and / or methylol preferably as crosslinking groups of aminoplast resins), hydroxyl / free isocyanate, hydroxyl / blocked isocyanate, (Meth ) aryloyl / CH-acidic group. If compatible with each other, several such complementary functionalities may be present in a water-based lacquer next to one another.
- the crosslinkers optionally contained in the waterborne basecoats can be present individually or in a mixture.
- variable R 8 is an acyclic or cyclic aliphatic, an aromatic and / or an aromatic-aliphatic (araliphatic) radical;
- variables R 9 and R 10 stand for identical or different aliphatic radicals or are linked together to form an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic ring.
- Suitable binder components (O) are, for example, optionally together with other hydroxyl- or amino-containing binders, hydroxy (meth) acrylates, hydroxystyryl (meth) acrylates, linear or branched polyesters, polyethers, polycarbonates, melamine resins or urea-formaldehyde resins, together with crosslinking compounds reactive toward carboxy and / or hydroxyl functions, for example with isocyanates, capped isocyanates, epoxides and / or aminoplasts, preferably isocyanates, epoxides or aminoplasts, particularly preferably with isocyanates or epoxides and very particularly preferably with isocyanates.
- any of oligomeric or polymeric resins can be used. Oligomers are understood as meaning resins which contain at least 2 to 15 monomer units in their molecule. In the context of the present invention, polymers are understood as meaning resins which contain at least 10 recurring monomer units in their molecule. In addition, reference is made to these terms on Rompp Lexikon coatings and printing inks, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, "Oligomers", page 425, referenced.
- Suitable constituents (O) are random, alternating and / or block-structured linear and / or branched and / or comb-like (co) polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, or polyaddition resins and / or polycondensation resins. These terms are supplemented by Römpp Lexikon Lacke and printing inks, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, Page 457, "Polyaddition” and “Polyaddition resins” (Polyadducts), pages 463 and 464, "Polycondensates”, “Polycondensation” and “Polycondensation resins", and pages 73 and 74, "Binders".
- suitable (co) polymers are (meth) acrylate (co) polymers or partially saponified polyvinyl esters, especially (meth) acrylate copolymers, especially with vinylaromatics.
- suitable polyaddition resins and / or polycondensation resins are polyesters, alkyds, aminoplasts, polyurethanes, polylactones, polycarbonates, polyethers, epoxy resin-amine adducts, polyureas, polyamides, polyimides, polyester-polyurethanes, polyether-polyurethanes or polyester-polyethers.
- Polyurethanes in particular polyester-polyurethanes.
- the constituents (O) may be non-crosslinking or physically crosslinking thermoplastic, thermally self-crosslinking or externally crosslinking. In addition, they may be thermally and / or curable with actinic radiation. The combined use of thermal curing and curing with actinic radiation is also referred to in the art as dual-cure.
- the self-crosslinking binders (O) of the thermally curable aqueous basecoat materials and the dual-cure waterborne basecoat materials contain reactive functional groups which can enter into crosslinking reactions with groups of their type or with complementary reactive functional groups.
- the externally crosslinking binders contain reactive functional groups that can undergo crosslinking reactions with complementary reactive functional groups present in crosslinking agents. Examples of suitable complementary reactive functional groups to be used according to the invention are those described above. In this case, the components (O) and (V) are combined in one connection.
- the functionality of the self- and / or foreign-crosslinking constituents (O) with respect to the reactive functional groups described above can vary very widely and depends in particular on the crosslinking density which is to be achieved and / or on the functionality of the particular crosslinking agent used.
- the acid number is preferably from 10 to 100, preferably from 15 to 80, particularly preferably from 20 to 75, very particularly preferably from 25 to 70 and in particular from 30 to 65 mg KOH / g.
- the OH number is preferably from 15 to 300, preferably from 20 to 250, particularly preferably from 25 to 200, very particularly preferably from 30 to 150 and in particular from 35 to 120 mg KOH / g.
- the epoxide equivalent weight is preferably 400 to 2,500, preferably 420 to 2,200, particularly preferably 430 to 2,100, very particularly preferably 440 to 2,000 and in particular 440 to 1,900.
- the complementary functional groups described above can be incorporated into the binders by the usual and known methods of polymer chemistry. This can be done for example by the incorporation of monomers which carry the corresponding reactive functional groups, and / or by means of polymer-analogous reactions.
- Hydroxyalkylester of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or another alpha, beta-olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acid derived from an alkylene glycol esterified with the acid, or by reacting the alpha, beta-olefinic unsaturated carboxylic acid with an alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide or Propylene oxide are available, in particular hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or itaconic acid, in which the hydroxyalkyl group contains up to 20 carbon atoms, such as 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxybutyl 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, methacrylate, methacrylate, crotonate, maleate, fumarate or itaconate; or hydroxycycloalkyl esters such as 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, octahydro-4,
- olefinically unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol
- Polyols such as trimethylolpropane mono- or diallyl ether or pentaerythritol mono-, di- or triallyl ether;
- reaction products of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with the glycidyl ester of an alpha-branched monocarboxylic acid having 5 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule, in particular a Versatic® acid o instead of the reaction product an equivalent amount of acyl and / or Methacrylic acid, which is then removed during or after polymerisation.
- reaction reaction with the glycidyl ester of an alpha-branched monocarboxylic acid having 5 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule, in particular a Versatic® acid is reacted;
- (Meth) acrylic acid amides such as (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl, N-methylol, N, N-dimethylol, N-methoxymethyl, N, N-di (methoxymethyl) -, N-ethoxymethyl and / or N , N-di (ethoxyethyl) - (meth) acrylamide;
- Acrylic acid methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or itaconic acid;
- Vinylbenzoic acid (all isomers), alpha-methylvinylbenzoic acid (all isomers) or vinylbenzenesulfonic acid (all isomers).
- c3) monomers containing epoxide groups such as the glycidyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or isotaconic acid or allyl glycidyl ether.
- (Meth) acrylate copolymers especially those containing glycidyl groups.
- Higher functional monomers of the type described above are generally employed in minor amounts.
- minor amounts of higher-functional monomers are to be understood as amounts which do not lead to crosslinking or gelling of the copolymers, in particular the (meth) acrylate copolymers, unless it is intended to selectively produce crosslinked polymeric microparticles.
- suitable monomer units for introducing reactive functional groups into polyesters or polyester-polyurethanes are 2,2-dimethylolethyl- or -propylamine blocked with a ketone, the resulting ketoxime group being hydrolyzed after incorporation; or compounds which contain two hydroxyl groups or two primary and / or secondary amino groups and at least one acid group, in particular at least one carboxyl group and / or at least one sulfonic acid group, such as dihydroxypropionic acid, dihydroxysuccinic acid, dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,2-dimethylolacetic acid, 2 , 2-dimethylolpropionic acid, 2,2-
- Dimethylolbutyric acid 2,2-Dimenthylolpentanklare, diaminovaleric acid, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,4-diaminotoluenesulfonic acid or 2,4-diaminodiphenylethersulfonklare.
- An example of the introduction of reactive functional groups via polymer-analogous reactions is the reaction of hydroxyl-containing resins with phosgene resulting in chloroformate group-containing resins, and the polymer-analogous reaction of chloroformate group-containing resins with ammonia and / or primary and / or secondary amines to resins containing carbamate groups.
- suitable methods of this kind are known from the patents US Pat. Nos. 4,758,632 A, 4,301, 257 A or US Pat. No. 2,979,514 A.
- the constituents (O) which can be crosslinked with actinic radiation or with dual-cure contain on statistical average at least one, preferably at least two, group (s) having at least one bond (s) activatable with actinic radiation per molecule.
- a bond which can be activated by actinic radiation is understood as meaning a bond which becomes reactive upon irradiation with actinic radiation and undergoes polymerization reactions and / or crosslinking reactions with other activated bonds of its type which proceed by free-radical and / or ionic mechanisms .
- suitable bonds are carbon-hydrogen single bonds or carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-phosphorus or carbon-silicon single bonds or double bonds.
- the carbon-carbon double bonds are particularly advantageous and are therefore particularly preferred. used to. For the sake of brevity, they will be referred to as "double bonds" in the following.
- the preferred group contains one double bond or two, three or four double bonds. If more than one double bond is used, the double bonds may be conjugated. It is advantageous if the double bonds are present in isolation, in particular each terminally, in the group in question here. According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous to use two, in particular one, double bond.
- the groups are structurally different or of the same structure.
- Suitable groups are (meth) acrylate, ethacrylate, crotonate, cinnamate, vinyl ether, vinyl ester, dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl groups; Dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl ether groups or dicyclopentadienyl, norbornenyl, isoprenyl, isopropenyl, allyl or butenyl ester groups, but especially acrylate groups.
- the groups are bound via urethane, urea, allophanate, ester, ether and / or amide groups, but in particular via ester groups, to the respective G round structures of the components (O).
- This is usually done by conventional and known polymer-analogous reactions such as the reaction of pendant glycidyl groups with the above-described olefinically unsaturated monomers containing an acid group, of pendant hydroxyl groups with the halides of these monomers, isocyanates containing hydroxyl groups such as vinyl isocyanate, methacryloyl isocyanate and / or 1- (1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl) -3- (1-methylethenyl) benzene (TMI® from CYTEC) or of isocyanate groups with the hydroxyl-containing monomers described above.
- TMI® 1- (1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl) -3- (1-methylethenyl) benzene
- EP 0 652 264 A1 which is intended for use in clearcoat slurries curable thermally and / or with actinic radiation
- polyesters and alkyd resins (O) is described, for example, in the standard work Ullmanns Encyklopadie der ischen Chemie, 3rd edition, volume 14, Urban & Schwarzenberg, Kunststoff, Berlin, 1963, pages 80 to 89 and pages 99 to 105, and in Books: "Resines Alkydes-Polyester” by J. Bourry, Paris, Dunod, 1952, "Alkyd Resins” by CR Martens, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, 1961, and "Alkyd Resin Technology” by TC Patton, Intersience Publishers , 1962, described.
- particularly suitable constituents (O) are the epoxy group-containing (meth) acrylate copolymers having an epoxide equivalent weight preferably at 400 to 2,500, preferably 420 to 2,200, particularly preferably 430 to 2,100, very particularly preferably 440 to 2,000 and in particular 440 to 1,900, a number average Molecular weight (determined by gel permeation chromatography using a polystyrene standard) of preferably 2,000 to 20,000 and in particular 3,000 to 10,000, and a glass transition temperature (TG) of preferably 30 to 80, preferably 40 to 70 and in particular 40 to 60 ° C (measured with the aid of diffe- rential scanning calometry (DSC), as described in the patents and patent applications EP 0 299 420 A1, DE 22 14 650 B1, DE 27 49 576 B1, US 4,091,048 A or US 3,781,379 A.
- DSC diffe- rential scanning calometry
- Preferred suitable crosslinking agents (V) are polyisocyanates.
- the polyisocyanates contain on statistical average at least 2.0, preferably more than 2.0 and in particular more than 3.0 isocyanate groups per molecule.
- the number of isocyanate groups is basically not limited to the top; According to the invention, it is advantageous if the number does not exceed 15, preferably 12, particularly preferably 10, very particularly preferably 8.0 and in particular 6.0.
- suitable polyisocyanates are isocyanate-group-containing polyurethane prepolymers which can be prepared by reaction of polyols with an excess of diisocyanates and are preferably of low viscosity.
- polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate, biuret, allophanate, iminooxadiazinedione, urethane, urea-carbodiimide and / or uretdione groups which are prepared in a customary and known manner from the diisocyanates described above.
- suitable preparation processes and polyisocyanates are described, for example, in patents CA 2,163,591 A, US Pat. No. 4,419,513, US Pat. No. 4,454,317 A, EP 0 646 608 A, US Pat. No. 4,801,675 A, EP 0 183 976 A1, DE 40 15 155 A1, EP 0 303 150 A1, EP 0 496 208 A1, EP 0 524 500 A1, EP 0 566 037
- suitable crosslinking agents are blocked polyisocyanates.
- suitable blocking agents for the preparation of the blocked polyisocyanates are the blocking agents known from US Pat. No. 4,444,954 A or US Pat. No. 5,972,189 A, such as US Pat
- phenols such as phenol, cresol, xylenol, nitrophenol, chlorophenol, ethylphenol, t-
- lactams such as ⁇ -caprolactam, ⁇ -valerolactam, ⁇ -butyrolactam or ⁇ -propiolactam
- active methylenic compounds such as diethyl malonate, dimethyl malonate, ethyl or methyl acetoacetate or acetylacetone;
- Alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
- acid amides such as acetoanilide, acetoanisidine amide, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acetic acid amide, stearic acid amide or benzamide;
- imides such as succinimide, phthalimide or maleimide
- amines such as diphenylamine, phenylnaphthylamine, xylidine, N-phenylxylidine,
- imidazoles such as imidazole or 2-ethylimidazole
- ureas such as urea, thiourea, ethyleneurea, ethylene thiourea or 1,3-diphenylurea
- carbamates such as N-phenylcarbamic acid phenyl ester or 2-oxazolidone
- imines such as ethyleneimine
- oximes such as acetone oxime, formaldoxime, acetaldoxime, acetoxime, methyl ethyl ketoxime, diisobutyl ketoxime, diacetyl monoxime, benzophenone oxime or chlorohexanone oxime;
- xiv) salts of sulfurous acid such as sodium bisulfite or potassium bisulfite
- xv) hydroxamic acid esters such as benzyl methacrylohydroxamate (BMH) or allyl methacrylohydroxamate; or
- polyfunctional isocyanates it is preferred to use mixtures of aliphatic polyisocyanates having an average functionality of from 3 to 6, preferably from 3.5 to 5, isocyanate groups per mole.
- the amount of isocyanate is preferably selected so that 1, 2 to 3, in particular 1, 5 to 2.5, isocyanate groups per hydroxyl group of the (co) polymer to react, the remaining isocyanate groups are converted by reaction with amines in urea groups.
- isocyanate mixtures are mixtures of 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, especially 0.3 to 8 wt .-% of a diisocyanate (eg hexamethylene diisocyanate), 30 to 80 wt .-%, especially 42nd to 79 wt .-%, of a triisocyanate (eg trifunctional biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate) and 20 to 60 wt .-%, especially 22 to 50 wt .-%, of an isocyanate having a functionality of 4 to 10 (eg, a corresponding higher-functionality biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate).
- a diisocyanate eg hexamethylene diisocyanate
- 30 to 80 wt .-% especially 42nd to 79 wt .-%
- a triisocyanate eg trifunctional biuret of hexamethylene diisocyanate
- crosslinking agents are all known aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic and / or aromatic, low molecular weight, oligomeric and polymeric polyepoxides, for example based on bisphenol-A or bisphenol-F.
- polyepoxides are, for example, the polyepoxides commercially available under the names Epikote® from Shell, Denacol® from Nagase Chemicals Ltd., Japan, such as Denacol EX-411 (pentaerythritol polyglycidyl ether), Denacol EX-321 (trimethylolpropane polyglycidyl ether), Denacol EX-512 (polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether) and Denacol EX-521 (polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether), or the glycidyl ester of trimellitic acid or trigylcidyl isocyanurate (TGIC).
- crosslinking agents it is also possible to use tris (alkoxycarbonylamino) triazines (TACT) in which the alkyl radicals contain from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- tris (alkoxycarbonylamino) triazines examples include butyloxycarbonylamino triazines, and Suitable tris (alkoxycarbonylamino) triazines.
- the tris (methoxy, tris (n-butoxy and / or tris (2-ethylhexyloxycarbonylamino) triazines are used.
- methyl-butyl mixed esters the butyl 2-ethylhexyl mixed esters and the butyl esters. These have the advantage over the pure methyl ester the advantage of better solubility in polymer melts and also less prone to crystallization.
- aminoplast resins for example melamine resins
- Any aminoplast resin suitable for transparent topcoats or clearcoats or a mixture of such aminoplast resins may be used here.
- Particularly suitable are the customary and known amino resins whose methylol and / or methoxymethyl z. T. are defunctionalized by means of carbamate or allophanate.
- Crosslinking agents of this type are described in patents US 4,710,542 A and EP 0 245 700 B1 and in the article by B. Singh and coworker "Carbamylmethylated Melamines, Novel Crosslinkers for the Cationing Industry" in Advanced Organic Coatings Science and Technology Series, 1991, Volume 13, pages 193 to 207 described.
- the aminoplast resins can also be used as binder (O).
- crosslinking agents are beta-hydroxyalkylamides such as N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) adipamide or N, N, N', N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) adipamide.
- carboxylic acids in particular saturated, straight-chain, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in the molecule, in particular dodecanedioic acid, can be used.
- Suitable crosslinking agents are siloxanes, in particular siloxanes having at least one trialkoxy or dialkoxysilane group.
- the present invention further relates to the use of curable aqueous basecoats for automotive finishing, automotive refinishing, interior and exterior painting, door, window and furniture painting, industrial painting, including coil coating, container coating and impregnation and / or coating of electrical components, as well as the painting of white goods, including household appliances, boilers and radiators.
- waterborne basecoats are referred to for the sake of brevity as "waterborne basecoats”.
- aqueous basecoats are curable precursors of thermoplastic or duromeric plastics which are applied in liquid, dissolved and / or preferably dispersed form to preferably metallic substrates.
- this coating systems are used, as they are known in the art. This shows the two fundamental advantages of water-based paints, the complete or extensive freedom from organic solvents and the easy recycling of overspray in the coating process.
- the curable waterborne basecoats contain, in addition to the polycarbonates, optionally at least one functional constituent (F) of a waterborne basecoat.
- the aqueous basecoat contains at least one oligomeric and / or polymeric constituent (O) as binder and at least one crosslinker (V).
- Suitable functional constituents (F) are all typical constituents of the paint, with the exception of the substances mentioned under (O) or (V) and the hyperbranched polycarbonates.
- the waterborne basecoats according to the invention may contain the functional support component (F) in amounts customary in the coating, for example between 0.1 and 5% by weight, based on their solids.
- suitable paint-typical constituents (F) are organic and inorganic, transparent or opaque fillers and / or nanoparticles and / or auxiliaries and / or additives such as UV absorbers, light stabilizers, free-radical scavengers, deaerating agents, slip additives, polymerization inhibitors, catalysts for crosslinking, thermolabile radical initiators, photoinitiators, thermally curable reactive diluents, actinic radiation curable reactive diluents, adhesion promoters, leveling agents, film-forming auxiliaries, flame retardants, corrosion inhibitors, flow aids, waxes and / or Matting agent.
- the components (F) can be used individually or as mixtures.
- actinic radiation is understood as meaning electromagnetic radiation such as near infrared, visible light, UV radiation or X-radiation, in particular UV radiation, or corpuscular radiation such as electron beams.
- suitable organic and inorganic fillers are chalk, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, silicates such as talc, mica or kaolin, silicas, oxides such as aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide or organic fillers such as plastic powder, in particular of polyamide or polyacrylonitrile.
- silicates such as talc, mica or kaolin
- silicas oxides such as aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide
- organic fillers such as plastic powder, in particular of polyamide or polyacrylonitrile.
- mica and talc are used when the scratch resistance of the coatings prepared from the water-based paints is to be improved.
- platelet-shaped inorganic fillers such as talc or mica
- non-platelet inorganic fillers such as chalk, dolomite calcium sulfates, or barium sulfate
- suitable transparent fillers are those based on silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide, but in particular nanoparticles based thereon.
- auxiliaries and / or additives such as UV absorbers, light stabilizers, free-radical scavengers, deaerating agents, slip additives, polymerization inhibitors, catalysts for crosslinking, thermolabile radical initiators, photoinitiators, thermally curable reactive diluents, actinic radiation curable reactive diluents , Adhesion promoters, leveling agents, film-forming aids, flame retardants, corrosion inhibitors, flow aids, waxes and / or matting agents, which can be used individually or as mixtures.
- auxiliaries and / or additives such as UV absorbers, light stabilizers, free-radical scavengers, deaerating agents, slip additives, polymerization inhibitors, catalysts for crosslinking, thermolabile radical initiators, photoinitiators, thermally curable reactive diluents, actinic radiation curable reactive diluents , Adhesion promoters, leveling agents, film-forming
- thermally curable reactive diluents are positionally isomeric diethyloctanediols or hydroxyl-containing hyperbranched compounds or dendrimers, as described in the patent applications DE 198 09 643 A1, DE 198 40 605 A1 or DE 198 05 421 A1.
- suitable reactive diluents curable with actinic radiation are those described in Rompp Lexikon Lacke und Druckmaschine, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, on page 491 under the heading "reactive diluents”.
- thermolabile radical initiators are organic peroxides, organic azo compounds or C-C-cleaving initiators such as dialkyl peroxides, peroxycarboxylic acids, peroxodicarbonates, peroxide esters, hydroperoxides, ketone peroxides, azodinitriles or benzpinacol silyl ethers.
- crosslinking catalysts are bismuth lactate, citrate, ethyl hexanoate or dimethylol propionate dibutyltin dilaurate, lithium decanoate or zinc octoate, amine-blocked organic sulfonic acids, quaternary ammonium compounds, amines, imidazole and imidazole derivatives such as 2-styrylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole and 2-butylimidazole as described in Belgian Patent No.
- phosphonium catalysts such as ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, ethyltriphenylphosphonium thiocyanate, ethyltriphenylphosphonium acetate-acetic acid complex, tetrabutylphosphonium iodide, tetrabutylphosphonium bromide and tetrabutylphosphonium acetate.
- Acetic acid complex as described for example in US Patents US 3,477,990 A or US 3,341, 580 A.
- antioxidants examples include hydrazines and phosphorus compounds.
- Suitable light stabilizers are HALS compounds, benzotriazoles or oxalanilides.
- radical scavengers and polymerization inhibitors examples include organic phosphites or 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol derivatives.
- Suitable deaerating agents are diazadicycloundecane or benzoin;
- aqueous basecoat materials of the invention may contain at least one pigment (G), for example color and / or effect, fluorescent, electrically conductive and / or magnetically shielding pigments, metal powders or soluble organic dyes.
- G pigment
- coloring inorganic or organic pigments and fillers are titanium dioxide, micronized titanium dioxide, iron oxide pigments, carbon black, silicon dioxide, barium sulfate, micronized mica, talc, kaolin, chalk, phyllosilicates, azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, pyrrolopyrrole pigments, perylene pigments.
- effect pigments are metal pigments, e.g. made of aluminum, copper or other metals; Interference pigments such as e.g. metal oxide coated metal pigments, e.g. titanium dioxide coated aluminum, coated mica such as e.g. titanium dioxide-coated mica, graphite effect pigments, platelet-shaped iron oxide, platelet-shaped copper phthalocyanine pigments.
- the effect pigments are generally initially introduced in the form of a commercial aqueous or nonaqueous paste, optionally mixed with preferably water-dilutable organic solvents and additives and then mixed with an aqueous binder under shearing. Powdered effect pigments can first be processed into a paste with preferably water-dilutable organic solvents and additives.
- suitable effect pigments are metal flake pigments, such as commercial aluminum bronzes, aluminum bronzes chromated according to DE 36 36 183 A1, and commercial stainless steel bronzes and non-metallic effect pigments, such as, for example, pearlescent or interference pigments, flake-form effect pigments on the
- Suitable inorganic color pigments are white pigments such as titanium dioxide, zinc white, zinc sulfide or lithopone; Black pigments such as carbon black, iron manganese black or spinel black; Colored pigments such as chromium oxide, chromium oxide hydrate green, cobalt green or ultramarine green, cobalt blue, ultramarine blue or manganese blue, Ultramarine violet or cobalt and manganese violet, iron oxide red, cadmium sulphoselenide, molybdate red or ultramarine red; Iron oxide brown, mixed brown, spinel and corundum phases or chrome orange; or iron oxide yellow, nickel titanium yellow, chromium titanium yellow, cadmium sulfide, cadmium zinc sulfide, chrome yellow or bismuth vanadate.
- white pigments such as titanium dioxide, zinc white, zinc sulfide or lithopone
- Black pigments such as carbon black, iron manganese black or spinel black
- Colored pigments such as
- suitable organic color pigments are monoazo pigments, disazo pigments, anthraquinone pigments, benzimidazole pigments, quinacridone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, dioxazine pigments, indanthrone pigments, isoindoline pigments, isoindolinone pigments, azomethine pigments, thioindigo pigments, ninpigmente metal complex pigments, perinone pigments, perylene pigments, phthalocyanine pigments or aniline black.
- fluorescent pigments are bis (azomethine) pigments.
- Suitable electrically conductive pigments are titanium dioxide / tin oxide pigments.
- magnétiqueally shielding pigments examples include pigments based on iron oxides or chromium dioxide.
- suitable metal powders are powders of metals and metal alloys aluminum, zinc, copper, bronze or brass.
- Suitable soluble organic dyes are lightfast organic dyes having little or no tendency to migrate from the waterborne basecoat and the coatings made therefrom.
- the tendency to migrate can be assessed by the skilled person on the basis of his or her general knowledge and / or determined by means of simple orienting preliminary tests, for example in the context of tinting experiments.
- the weight ratio of pigment (G) or functional constituent (F) (if present) to binder in the aqueous basecoat is, for example, between 0.05: 1 to 3: 1, for effect water basecoat, for example, it is preferably 0.1: 1 to 0 , 6 : 1, for unistoryiger water-based paints, it is preferably higher, for example at 0.1: 1 to 2.5: 1, each based on the solids weight.
- Color pigments and / or fillers can be ground, for example, in a part of the aqueous binder.
- the grinding can also be done in a special water-dilutable paste resin.
- the grinding can be carried out in conventional units known to the person skilled in the art. Thereafter, it is completed with the remaining portion of the aqueous binder or the aqueous paste resin to the finished Farbpigmentan- friction.
- the incorporation of the highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates can be carried out at any stage of the preparation of waterborne basecoats, for example, only as an additive to the waterborne basecoat, for example as a subsequently added correction agent.
- Stable incorporation of the highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates generally succeeds without any special effort in the mixing process.
- dispersing may be required.
- aqueous basecoats according to the invention are particularly suitable for coating substrates such as plastic surfaces, glass, ceramics, leather, mineral building materials, such as cement blocks and fiber cement boards and especially for wood and MDF, and in particular for metals and coated metals.
- Suitable substrates for the aqueous basecoat materials according to the invention are, for example, thermoplastic polymers, in particular polymethylmethacrylates, polybutylmethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalates, polybutylene terephthalates, polyvinylidene fluorides, polyvinyl chlorides, polyesters, polyolefins, acrylonitrile ethylene propylene diene glycol copolymers (A-EPDM), polyetherimides, polyether ketones, polyphenylene sulfides, polyphenylene ethers or mixtures thereof.
- thermoplastic polymers in particular polymethylmethacrylates, polybutylmethacrylate, polyethylene terephthalates, polybutylene terephthalates, polyvinylidene fluorides, polyvinyl chlorides, polyesters, polyolefins, acrylonitrile ethylene propylene diene glycol copolymers (A-EPDM), polyetherimides, polyether ketones, polypheny
- polyethylene polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyesters, polyamides, polyethers, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetal, polyacrylonitrile, polyacetal, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, phenolic resins, urea resins, melamine resins, alkyd resins, epoxy resins or polyurethanes, their block or graft copolymers and Blends of it.
- ABS ABS, AES, AMMA, ASA, EP, EPS, EVA, EVAL, HDPE, LDPE, MABS, MBS, MF, PA, PA6, PA66, PAN, PB, PBT, PBTP, PC, PE, PEC, PEEK , PEI, PEK, PEP, PES, PET, PETP, PF, PI, PIB, PMMA, POM, PP, PPS, PS, PSU,
- Particularly preferred substrates are polyolefins, such as PP (polypropylene), which may optionally be isotactic, syndiotactic or atactic and optionally non-oriented or oriented by uni- or bisaxial stretching, SAN (styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers), PC (polycarbonates ), PVC (polyvinylchlorides), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylates), PBT (poly (butylene terephthalate) s), PA (polyamides), ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic ester copolymers) and ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers), and theirs physical mixtures (blends).
- PP polypropylene
- SAN polypropylene
- PC polycarbonates
- PVC polyvinylchlorides
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylates
- PBT poly (butylene terephthalate) s
- ASA in particular according to DE 196 51 350 and the blend ASA / PC.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- impact modified PMMA impact modified PMMA.
- a further preferred substrate for coating with the aqueous basecoat materials according to the invention are metals which may optionally be pretreated with a primer.
- the type of metal can in principle be any metals. In particular, however, are such metals or alloys, which are commonly used as metallic construction materials, and must be protected from corrosion.
- they are surfaces of iron, steel, Zn, Zn alloys, Al or Al alloys. These may be the surfaces of bodies made entirely of said metals or alloys. However, the bodies can also be coated only with these metals and themselves consist of different materials, for example of other metals, alloys, polymers or composite materials. It may be surfaces of castings, galvanized iron or steel. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention are steel surfaces.
- Zn or Al alloys are known to the person skilled in the art. Depending on the desired application, the skilled person will select the type and amount of alloying components. Typical components of zinc alloys include in particular Al, Pb, Si, Mg, Sn, Cu or Cd. Typical constituents of aluminum alloys include, in particular, Mg, Mn, Si, Zn, Cr, Zr, Cu or Ti. These may also be Al / Zn alloys in which Al and Zn are present in approximately the same amount , Steel coated with such alloys is commercially available. The steel may contain the usual alloying components known to those skilled in the art. Also conceivable is the use of the waterborne basecoats according to the invention for the treatment of tinned iron / steel (tinplate).
- the waterborne basecoats according to the invention are furthermore suitable for coating substrates such as wood, paper, textile, leather, fleece, plastic surfaces, glass, ceramics, mineral building materials, such as cement molded bricks and fiber cement boards, or metals or coated metals, preferably plastics or metals , in particular in the form of films, more preferably metals.
- substrates such as wood, paper, textile, leather, fleece, plastic surfaces, glass, ceramics, mineral building materials, such as cement molded bricks and fiber cement boards, or metals or coated metals, preferably plastics or metals , in particular in the form of films, more preferably metals.
- aqueous basecoats are used to produce coatings on pipes (pipelines), all kinds of wire goods, flanges and fittings in indoor and outdoor areas, coat racks and bed frames, fence posts, garden furniture, crash barriers, laboratory equipment, wire shelves, inserts for dishwashers, shopping baskets, machine parts , Electric machines, rotors, stators, current coils,
- aqueous basecoat materials of the invention For coating, it is customary to coat it with the aqueous basecoat materials of the invention in a manner known per se, then to dry and cure it to remove any solvent which may be present.
- the substrates are coated by customary methods known to the person skilled in the art, at least one aqueous basecoat being applied to the substrate to be coated in the desired thickness and the volatile constituents removed. If desired, this process can be repeated one or more times.
- the application to the substrate can in a known manner, for. Example by spraying, spraying, knife coating, brushing, rolling, rolling and in particular by electrostatic spraying or compressed air spraying.
- the coating thickness is generally in a range of about 3 to 1000 g / m 2 and preferably 10 to 200 g / m 2 .
- the color and / or effect waterborne basecoats modified according to the invention can be used in the production of multicoat paint systems, in particular decorative basecoat / clearcoat two-coat finishes, or generally in multicoat paint systems.
- the aqueous basecoats according to the invention are suitable for the production of multicoat paint systems, in particular multicoat color and / or effect paint systems, preferably two-layer finishes in the automotive sector. They are suitable for vehicle painting and refinishing, but they can also be used in other areas, for example, the plastic painting, in particular the vehicle part painting.
- the invention therefore also relates to a process for the preparation of multicoat paint systems, preferably two-coat finishes, by application of a water-based paint according to the invention and a clearcoat.
- the aqueous basecoat materials of the invention can be applied to a wide variety of substrates. In general, these are metallic or plastic substrates.
- plastic substrates may be provided, for example, with a plastic primer
- metallic substrates generally have, for example e-lektrophoretisch applied primer and optionally additionally one or more further paint layers, such as a filler layer.
- the aqueous basecoat materials according to the invention are preferably applied by spraying in a dry film thickness of 8 to 50 .mu.m, for effect water basecoat materials the dry film thickness is for example preferably 10 to 25 .mu.m, for unicoloured aqueous basecoat materials it is preferably higher, for example 10 to 40 .mu.m.
- the application is preferably carried out in the wet-in-wet process, i. after a bleeding phase, e.g. at 20 to 60 ° C, the aqueous basecoat films are overcoated with a conventional clearcoat in a dry film thickness of preferably 30 to 60 microns and dried or crosslinked together with this at temperatures of for example 20 to 150 ° C.
- the drying conditions of the multicoat paint system of water-based varnish and clearcoat depend on the clearcoat system used. For example, temperatures of 20 to 80 ° C are preferred for repair purposes. For the purposes of the series coating temperatures above 100 ° C, for example above 1 10 ° C are preferred.
- a clearcoat all known clearcoats or transparent pigmented coating compositions are suitable in principle. Both solvent-containing one-component (1K) or two-component (2K) clearcoat materials, water-reducible 1K or 2K clearcoats, powder clearcoats or aqueous powder clearcoat slurries can be used for this purpose. Two-component polyurethane clearcoat materials are preferably used for overcoating of basecoat films prepared according to the invention of waterborne basecoats.
- the use according to the invention of the highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates in waterborne paints which are known per se in color and / or effect can, in particular, markedly reduce the wetting limit.
- Polyfunctional polyols used were ethoxylates or propoxylates based on trimethylolpropane (TMP) or glycerol (Glyc) as starter molecule, the compositions of which varied on average by the degree of grafting with ethylene oxide (EO) or propylene oxide (PO) given in Table 1 ,
- the polyfunctional polyol, diethyl carbonate and potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide as a catalyst were prepared according to the amounts shown in Table 1 in a three-necked flask equipped with stirrer, reflux condenser and internal thermometer, the mixture heated to 140 ° C, and stirred for 2 h at this temperature.
- the polycarbonates were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography with a refractometer as detector. Dimethylacetamide was used as the mobile phase and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was used as the standard for determining the molecular weight.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the commercial product Black Magic® was subjected to a test to determine the wetting limit of the clearcoat (KL) on the basecoat, depending on the thickness of the clearcoat.
- the Sunset Red® commercial product has undergone a test to determine the wetting limit of the clearcoat on the basecoat, depending on the thickness of the clearcoat.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES07765383.0T ES2611591T3 (es) | 2006-07-20 | 2007-06-13 | Barnices a base de agua con policarbonatos de alta funcionalidad, altamente ramificados o híper-ramificados |
| JP2009519890A JP2009543909A (ja) | 2006-07-20 | 2007-06-13 | 高官能性、高分岐または超分岐ポリカーボネートを含む水性塗料 |
| EP07765383.0A EP2046906B1 (de) | 2006-07-20 | 2007-06-13 | Wasserbasislacke mit hochfunktionellen, hoch- oder hyperverzweigten polycarbonaten |
| US12/307,840 US20090209701A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 | 2007-06-13 | Water-based lacquers comprising highly functional, highly branched or hyperbranched polycarbonates |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06117539 | 2006-07-20 | ||
| EP06117539.4 | 2006-07-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008009516A2 true WO2008009516A2 (de) | 2008-01-24 |
| WO2008009516A3 WO2008009516A3 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
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ID=38871783
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2007/055796 Ceased WO2008009516A2 (de) | 2006-07-20 | 2007-06-13 | Wasserbasislacke mit hochfunktionellen, hoch- oder hyperverzweigten polycarbonaten |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090209701A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2046906B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2009543909A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN101490190A (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2611591T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008009516A2 (de) |
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| JP2009191194A (ja) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-27 | Jsr Corp | ポリカーボネートの製造方法 |
| EP2277934A1 (de) | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-26 | Basf Se | Verwendung von hochfunktionellen, hoch- oder hyperverzweigten Polyestern |
| WO2011009766A1 (de) | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Basf Se | Hochfunktionelle, hoch- oder hyperverzweigte polyester sowie deren herstellung und verwendung |
| US8309646B2 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2012-11-13 | Basf Se | Use of highly-branched polymers for producing polymer dispersions with improved freeze/thaw stability |
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| BRPI0722423A2 (pt) * | 2006-07-26 | 2013-12-17 | Basf Se | Policarbonato hiper-ramificado, processos para preparar policarbonatos hiper-ramificados, termoplásticos ou termorrígidos e polioximetileno, e, uso de um ou mais policarbonatos hiper-ramificados |
| US8314178B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2012-11-20 | Basf Se | Polymer dispersions containing highly branched polycarbonates |
| JP4911006B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-10 | 2012-04-04 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 導体パターン形成用インク、導体パターンおよび配線基板 |
| US8969489B2 (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2015-03-03 | Eastman Chemical Company | Thermosetting coating composition |
| CN102304308B (zh) * | 2011-04-27 | 2012-09-05 | 铜陵金泰化工实业有限责任公司 | 一种以碳酸二甲酯为溶剂的油墨及其制备方法 |
| MX377680B (es) * | 2012-09-21 | 2025-03-11 | Basf Coatings Gmbh | Metodo para producir y reparar un sistema de pintura de color y/o efecto de multiples capas. |
| CN104946043A (zh) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-09-30 | 广西柳州高昭贸易有限公司 | 一种汽车钢圈翻新用漆的制备方法 |
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| ES2982558T3 (es) | 2016-09-21 | 2024-10-16 | Nextcure Inc | Anticuerpos para Siglec-15 y métodos de uso de los mismos |
| KR101837674B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-03-12 | 롯데케미칼 주식회사 | 생분해성 고분자 수지 조성물 및 이의 성형품 |
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-
2007
- 2007-06-13 ES ES07765383.0T patent/ES2611591T3/es active Active
- 2007-06-13 US US12/307,840 patent/US20090209701A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-06-13 EP EP07765383.0A patent/EP2046906B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-06-13 WO PCT/EP2007/055796 patent/WO2008009516A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-06-13 JP JP2009519890A patent/JP2009543909A/ja active Pending
- 2007-06-13 CN CNA2007800274781A patent/CN101490190A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8309646B2 (en) | 2007-11-19 | 2012-11-13 | Basf Se | Use of highly-branched polymers for producing polymer dispersions with improved freeze/thaw stability |
| EP2225337B1 (de) * | 2007-11-19 | 2017-08-23 | Basf Se | Verwendung hochverzweigter polymere in polymerdispersionen für glanzfarben |
| JP2009191194A (ja) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-27 | Jsr Corp | ポリカーボネートの製造方法 |
| US9426986B2 (en) | 2009-05-11 | 2016-08-30 | Basf Se | Hyperbranched polycarbonates for solubilizing poorly soluble active substances |
| EP2277934A1 (de) | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-26 | Basf Se | Verwendung von hochfunktionellen, hoch- oder hyperverzweigten Polyestern |
| WO2011009766A1 (de) | 2009-07-24 | 2011-01-27 | Basf Se | Hochfunktionelle, hoch- oder hyperverzweigte polyester sowie deren herstellung und verwendung |
| WO2013020820A1 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2013-02-14 | Basf Se | Associative thickeners based on hyperbranched polymers |
| WO2020083800A1 (de) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-04-30 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Additives fertigungsverfahren mit einem aufbaumaterial enthaltend metalloxid-beschichteten glimmer |
| US12454094B2 (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2025-10-28 | Stratasys Inc. | Additive manufacturing process using a building material that contains metal-oxide coated mica |
| WO2026002393A1 (en) * | 2024-06-28 | 2026-01-02 | Freie Universität Berlin | Coating substance and dual polymer coating assembly |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2009543909A (ja) | 2009-12-10 |
| US20090209701A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
| EP2046906B1 (de) | 2016-10-19 |
| CN101490190A (zh) | 2009-07-22 |
| ES2611591T3 (es) | 2017-05-09 |
| WO2008009516A3 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
| EP2046906A2 (de) | 2009-04-15 |
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