WO2008059976A1 - Analyseur de réaction, support d'enregistrement, système de mesure et système de commande - Google Patents
Analyseur de réaction, support d'enregistrement, système de mesure et système de commande Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008059976A1 WO2008059976A1 PCT/JP2007/072329 JP2007072329W WO2008059976A1 WO 2008059976 A1 WO2008059976 A1 WO 2008059976A1 JP 2007072329 W JP2007072329 W JP 2007072329W WO 2008059976 A1 WO2008059976 A1 WO 2008059976A1
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- reaction
- wavelength
- measurement
- intensity
- light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D45/00—Electrical control not provided for in groups F02D41/00 - F02D43/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
Definitions
- Reaction analysis device recording medium, measurement system and control system
- the present invention relates to a reaction analysis apparatus and measurement system for measuring and analyzing the state of a reaction such as a combustion reaction or a plasma reaction (hereinafter simply referred to as “reaction”). Detection and notification of the occurrence of poor mixing and non-premixed flames such as diffusion flames, and breakdown caused by injection of high-tech energy into the reaction area, and the reaction area by optical measurement methods
- the present invention relates to a reaction analysis apparatus, a measurement system, and a control system that obtain information from the information and analyze the characteristics of the reaction based on the information.
- the present invention also relates to a recording medium on which a program for configuring the reaction analysis apparatus is recorded.
- reaction region When an abnormal reaction occurs in a region where a reaction occurs (hereinafter simply referred to as a “reaction region”), unreacted particles are mixed in or the reaction becomes incomplete. This greatly affects the operation of the operating engine. For example, when premixing of hydrocarbon fuel and air is not performed, incomplete combustion occurs in a region where the fuel is rich, soot is formed, and a bright flame is generated. In addition, when an unexpected combustion force S occurs in the combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine, so-called knocking occurs. Detecting the occurrence of such an abnormal reaction and measuring the characteristics of the reaction 'knowing through analysis can improve the efficiency and low environmental impact of an engine that operates using the reaction. It is indispensable for the transformation.
- Patent Document 1 an optical sensor is installed in the combustion chamber corresponding to each self-emission of flame, the air-fuel ratio is calculated from the ratio of the emission intensity detected by the optical sensor, and based on this air-fuel ratio.
- a method for performing combustion diagnosis is disclosed.
- an optical fiber is inserted into the combustion chamber, the light in the combustion chamber is detected through the optical fiber, and combustion abnormalities such as knocking are detected by the intensity of the light. Some of them detect this.
- the inventors of the present invention have proposed an optical measuring device described in Patent Document 2.
- This optical measuring device measures light generated by a local physical 'chemical reaction in a combustion chamber using a plug having an optical element that forms a reflection optical system, and detects a physical' chemical reaction region. Detects and analyzes local physical 'chemical reaction characteristics.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-226893
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-292524
- Non-Patent Document 1 AVL Vision Reusion Catalog (Aviel Japan KK) Invention Disclosure
- Patent Document 1 calculates the air-fuel ratio from the ratio of the luminescence intensity, and performs a combustion diagnosis based on the air-fuel ratio. Soot is formed in the reaction region due to incomplete combustion. If this occurs, the intensity of the self-luminous light cannot be measured accurately. For this reason, it is impossible to calculate the air-fuel ratio. Therefore, the technique described in Patent Document 1 cannot detect such an abnormal reaction! /.
- Non-Patent Document 1 In the technique described in Non-Patent Document 1, a combustion abnormality is detected based on the intensity of light in the combustion chamber, but due to the influence of heat, pressure, chemical substances in the atmosphere in the reaction region, If the light collecting performance of the optical fiber deteriorates due to adhesion of wrinkles on the optical fiber, the intensity of light cannot be measured accurately. In addition, it is impossible to properly detect combustion abnormalities from inaccurate measurement values. Therefore, with the technology described in Non-Patent Document 1, if the air-fuel ratio cannot be calculated properly, the reproducibility of detecting abnormal reaction that is too strong can be ensured! /. The problem of reproducibility of detection caused by such light reception situation is This may occur due to the techniques described in the above documents.
- the configuration is such that light from all directions is detected by the optical sensor or the optical fiber. Even if an abnormal reaction is detected due to poor resolution, it is extremely difficult to identify the force at which the reaction occurred in the reaction region or the spatial distribution of the abnormal reaction. It is.
- the reaction region is a spark ignition type positive displacement internal combustion engine such as a general automobile engine, or a laser ignition type internal combustion engine
- the discharge region or the laser beam is used.
- the induced plasma greatly affects the subsequent ignition and flame propagation.
- plasma is induced using discharge plasma or laser, and the light is subjected to spectral analysis (for example, SIB 3 ⁇ 4: Spark Induced Breakdown spectroscopy, There are also 7 lasers (L ⁇ BS: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy), but the spectrum of the light emitted from this plasma is very different from that of the light from the flame.
- SIB 3 ⁇ 4 Spark Induced Breakdown spectroscopy
- L ⁇ BS Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
- reaction region is a spark ignition type positive displacement internal combustion engine such as a general automobile engine
- a flame zone is formed after ignition, and this flame zone propagates in the cylinder.
- flame propagation is achieved.
- the light generation position changes with time.
- the technique described in Patent Document 1 cannot identify the position where combustion abnormality occurs.
- a general automobile engine includes a plurality of cylinders.
- the flame generated in each of these cylinders determines the performance of the internal combustion engine.
- Patent Document 1 In order to obtain information on each cylinder, it is necessary to provide at least the same number of functional units for spectroscopic, photoelectric conversion, amplification, and arithmetic processing as the number of cylinders.
- the present invention has been proposed in view of the above-described circumstances, and is a reaction analysis apparatus and measurement capable of accurately and highly detecting the force with which the reaction region is in an abnormal reaction state with high reproducibility. It is intended to provide a recording medium on which a program for configuring the system and the reaction analyzer is recorded.
- the present invention is a program for configuring a reaction analysis device, a measurement system, and a reaction analysis device that can execute appropriate analysis processing according to the state of the reaction region and efficiently analyze the characteristics of the fuel region. It is intended to provide a recording medium on which is recorded.
- the present invention records a program for configuring a reaction analysis device, a measurement system, and a reaction analysis device that can detect a force in which the reaction region is in an abnormal state with high spatial resolution. It is intended to provide a recording medium.
- the reaction analysis apparatus obtains an intensity value of the first wavelength component and an intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectrometer.
- Relative intensity calculation means for calculating the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component from the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component acquired by the acquisition means; In response to determining means for determining whether or not the relative intensity calculated by the intensity calculating means is a value within a predetermined range, and in response to determining that the relative intensity is a value within a predetermined range by the determining means.
- a notifying means for notifying that the state of the reaction region is in a predetermined state.
- the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component is a value within a predetermined range among the measurement results of the light generated by the reaction region force by the predetermined spectrometer. At some point, it is notified that the reaction area is in a predetermined state. This relative intensity is an error that occurs depending on the state of the optical system when the light emitted from the reaction region is received and spectroscopically measured compared to the intensity value of the first wavelength component or the second wavelength component.
- the measurement results for the reaction region by the spectrometer Based on the results, it is possible to appropriately detect and notify with high reproducibility that the reaction region that is not greatly affected by the situational power of measurement is in a predetermined state.
- the acquisition means obtains the intensity value of the wavelength component substantially coincident with the wavelength of the light emitted from C * based on the measurement result of the light emitted from the hydrocarbon reaction region by a predetermined spectrometer.
- the intensity value of the wavelength component of 1 the intensity value of the component of the wavelength that approximately matches the wavelength of the light emitted from at least one radical selected from the group consisting of CH *, CN *, and OH * is the second value. It is preferable to acquire each as the intensity value of the wavelength component!
- the notifying means notifies that the reaction area has been damaged in response to the determination that the relative intensity is determined to be a value within a predetermined range. Les.
- the acquisition means uses the intensity measurement value of the third wavelength component and the intensity value of the fourth wavelength component based on the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectrometer.
- the relative intensity calculation means obtains the relative intensity of the third wavelength component with respect to the fourth wavelength component from the intensity value of the third wavelength component and the intensity value of the fourth wavelength component acquired by the acquisition means.
- the calculating means outputs the third wavelength. Based on the intensity value of the component and the intensity value of the fourth wavelength component, it is preferable to calculate the temperature of the soot generated in the reaction region! /.
- the temperature of the soot is calculated from the measurement result when it is notified that soot has occurred in the reaction region. Measurement results that can calculate the temperature of the cocoon.
- the reaction analysis apparatus has the third wavelength component intensity value and the fourth wavelength component intensity when the notification means notifies the reaction region that a defect has occurred! Value and cocoon temperature Based on the above, a concentration calculating means for calculating the concentration of soot generated in the reaction region may be provided.
- the concentration of soot is calculated from the measurement result when it is notified that soot has occurred in the reaction region. Measurement result force that can calculate the concentration of soot Since the concentration of soot can be calculated, information on the concentration of soot can be generated efficiently.
- the notifying means reacts to emit light having a continuous spectral pattern in the reaction region in response to the determination that the relative intensity is determined to be a value within a predetermined range. It ’s good to be informed that you ’re in a state!
- the notification means In response to the determination that the relative intensity is determined to be a value within a predetermined range by the determination means, the notification means notifies the reaction region that a bright flame has occurred.
- the notification means In response to the determination that the relative intensity is determined to be a value within a predetermined range, the notification means notifies the reaction region that incomplete combustion has occurred. It's okay.
- the notifying means notifies that the premixing failure of the fuel and the oxidant has occurred in the reaction region in response to the determination that the relative intensity is determined to be a value within the predetermined range. How are you?
- the premixing of the fuel and the oxidizer for notifying that the state of the reaction region is in a predetermined state is insufficient based on the measurement result of the reaction region by the spectroscopic measurement device. It is possible to detect and notify appropriately that there is a high reproducibility.
- the notification means notifies that the reaction region is in a predetermined state of the plasma reaction in response to the determination that the relative intensity is determined to be a value within the predetermined range. Good.
- the notification means notifies that the reaction region is in the initial state of the laser-induced breakdown reaction in response to the determination that the relative intensity is determined to be a value within the predetermined range. Let's go.
- the reaction analysis apparatus calculates the excess air ratio in the reaction region based on the measurement result of the spectroscopic measurement apparatus. You may have a calculation means to calculate.
- a selection unit that selects a wavelength range from the first wavelength range and the second wavelength range according to a determination result by the determination unit, and a determination by the determination unit are executed. It is preferable to have a peak analysis unit that generates predetermined information on the characteristics of the reaction region based on the feature amount of the peak that appears within the wavelength range selected by the selection means among the measurement results.
- the peak analysis unit generates predetermined information on the feature of the reaction region based on the feature amount of the peak within the wavelength range selected according to the determination result by the determination unit. . That is, the peak analysis means generates predetermined information related to the characteristics of the reaction region based on information obtained from the wavelength range selected according to the state of the reaction region. Therefore, the power S can be used to efficiently provide information on the characteristics of the reaction region according to the state of the reaction region.
- the peak analysis means is a selection means among the measurement results determined by the determination means. Determines whether knocking has occurred based on the appearance times of the peaks appearing at the 5th and 6th wavelengths within the wavelength range selected by, and generates information indicating the results of the determination I prefer to do it!
- the peak analysis means is the intensity time at the peaks that respectively appear at the fifth wavelength and the sixth wavelength within the wavelength range selected by the selection means among the measurement results determined by the determination means. It is preferable to determine whether knocking has occurred based on the change and generate information indicating the result of the determination.
- the peak analysis means calculates the propagation speed of the reaction in the reaction region based on the characteristic amount of the peak appearing in the wavelength range selected by the selection means among the measurement results determined by the determination means. It is preferable to calculate.
- the peak analysis means is a selection means among the measurement results determined by the determination means. It is preferable to calculate the thickness of the reaction zone in the reaction region based on the feature amount of the peak appearing within the wavelength range selected by the above.
- the peak analysis means calculates the temperature analysis of the reaction region based on the feature amount of the peak appearing within the wavelength range selected by the selection means among the measurement results determined by the determination means. It is preferable.
- the peak analysis means analyzes the components of the reaction region based on the feature amount of the peak appearing in the wavelength range selected by the selection means among the measurement results determined by the determination means. Is preferred.
- reaction analysis apparatus is the reaction analysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein
- the determination based on the relative intensity of the wavelength component 1 and the second wavelength component is performed by generating a pair of two wavelength components from three or more predetermined wavelength components, and calculating the relative intensity for each of the groups. It is characterized in that it is determined whether or not the relative intensities constituting the group composed of the relative intensities satisfy a predetermined condition.
- the reaction analysis apparatus is the reaction analysis apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the pressure analysis is performed on the basis of the widths of peaks respectively appearing at two or more wavelengths within the wavelength range selected by the selection means. It is characterized by generating and outputting information.
- the information on pressure is information on partial pressure in the reaction region.
- the recording medium according to the present invention records a program that is executed by a computer and causes the computer to operate as the above-described reaction analysis apparatus.
- the measurement system includes a reaction analysis apparatus according to the present invention !, an optical element that collects light at an image point when light is incident from an object point, and an optical A spectroscopic measurement means for spectroscopically measuring the light collected at the image point by the element and outputting the result of the spectroscopic measurement as a signal, and the reaction analyzer receives a signal output from the spectroscopic measurement means
- a reaction analysis apparatus according to the present invention !
- an optical element that collects light at an image point when light is incident from an object point
- an optical A spectroscopic measurement means for spectroscopically measuring the light collected at the image point by the element and outputting the result of the spectroscopic measurement as a signal
- the reaction analyzer receives a signal output from the spectroscopic measurement means
- the optical element condenses the light generated at the object point at the image point, the spectroscopic measurement means performs spectroscopic measurement of the collected light, and the result is received by the reaction analysis apparatus described above. . Therefore, based on the light generated by the reaction occurring locally including the object point, the situational power of the optical element is appropriately affected with high reproducibility without being greatly affected. That power S.
- the optical element is formed integrally with a first surface and a second surface in order from the object point side, and the first surface and the second surface have a first region and a second region, respectively.
- the first region of the first surface is a concave transmission surface
- the first region of the second surface is a concave reflection surface
- the second region of the first surface is a reflection surface
- the surface that contributes to the image formation is the reflection surface, and therefore has good image formation characteristics that cause no chromatic aberration. Therefore, based on the light generated by the reaction occurring locally including the object point, the local state is in a predetermined state with high reproducibility and high spatial resolution without greatly affecting the situational power of the optical element. Can be notified.
- the measurement system has a time-division function of measurement results (a repeat measurement function and a centralized function of multi-point measurement), and is different from the spectroscopic measurement means (or the spectroscopic measurement means).
- the functional unit placed between the response analyzers divides the signal resulting from the spectroscopic measurement in the time direction based on the periodicity of the signal, and the reaction analyzer has each of the signals divided in the time direction. As a result of spectroscopic measurement, the analysis is executed for each of them.
- a plurality of optical elements may be provided, and the light collected by each of the plurality of optical elements may be converged into one light for spectroscopic measurement.
- each signal divided in the time direction may be divided into spectroscopic measurement results for each optical element based on predetermined information (in order of light reception).
- the measurement system according to the present invention can be provided with an exception handling function when performing LIBS or SIBS. That is, in this measurement system, when performing the LIBS, the spectroscopic measurement means outputs the spectroscopic measurement result within a predetermined period from the time when the intensity of the wavelength component corresponding to the wavelength of the laser becomes high, or the SIBS or spark discharge. In the case of measuring light, it is possible to perform an exceptional process in which the spectroscopic measurement result within a predetermined period from when the value of the current flowing to the plug becomes high is sent to another process that is not related to the process of the reaction analyzer.
- the measurement system includes an acquisition unit that acquires the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component from the measurement result of the light emitted from the reaction region by the spectrometer.
- Relative intensity calculating means for calculating the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component from the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the intensity value of the second wavelength component acquired by the acquiring means, and the intensity calculating means According to the range to which the relative intensity calculated by the method belongs, a determination means for determining the distinction between thermal excitation luminescence, chemiluminescence (including flame and plasma light) and bremsstrahlung light, and the relative intensity within a predetermined range by the determination means And a notification means for notifying that the state of the reaction region is in a predetermined state in response to being determined to be a value of.
- the measurement system performs predetermined processing corresponding to the characteristics of the reaction region with respect to the characteristics of the reaction region by performing different processing on the measurement result of the light generated from the reaction region.
- Multiple analysis means to be generated wavelength selection means for selecting two or more wavelengths from the measurement results, and the intensity of one wavelength component for each pair constituting a combination of wavelengths belonging to two or more wavelengths
- Relative intensity calculation means for calculating the relative intensity of the component of the other wavelength with respect to the
- discriminating means for discriminating regions where thermal excitation luminescence, chemiluminescence (including flame and plasma light) and bremsstrahlung light are generated, and multiple analysis means according to the discrimination result by the discriminating means.
- a special feature is that it comprises a range setting means for setting a range to be processed.
- the wavelength selection means selects and selects the wavelength of chemiluminescent light caused by atoms, molecules or ions, or any wavelength within a wavelength band generally exceeding 431 nm.
- the wavelength to be selected includes at least one selected from a wavelength band of approximately 431 nm or less and one selected from a wavelength band of approximately 431 nm or more.
- the processing by the plurality of analysis means is processing by a two-color method, generation processing of predetermined information based on a feature amount of a peak caused by self-light emission, or input of high-tech energy. It is a process selected from a predetermined information generation process (LIBS, SIBS) based on a feature amount of a light peak generated by breakdown.
- LIBS predetermined information generation process
- the range setting means generates predetermined information based on the characteristic amount of the peak of light generated by breakdown due to the introduction of high-energy from the region where the braking radiation is generated ( (LIBS, SIBS), the process of generating predetermined information for ions, the process of generating predetermined information for atoms, and the process of generating predetermined information for molecules It is characterized by.
- the measurement system provides a reaction analyzer with a relative intensity equal to the intensity value of the first wavelength component on the spectral spectrum plane having the wavelength and the intensity value as axes.
- the straight line connecting the corresponding position and the position corresponding to the intensity value of the second wavelength component is an angle formed with the wavelength axis.
- the optical element is configured integrally with at least one energy input unit selected from the group of energy input units including a discharge electrode, a laser emitting device, and a microwave radiation antenna. It is characterized by that.
- the reaction region is in a predetermined state when the relative intensity of the first wavelength component with respect to the second wavelength component is a value within a predetermined range. thing Therefore, based on the measurement results of the reaction area by the spectroscopic measurement device, it is possible to appropriately detect and notify with high reproducibility that the reaction area that is not greatly affected by the measurement status is in the specified state. Became.
- the peak analysis means since the peak analysis means generates predetermined information on the characteristics of the reaction region based on the information obtained from the wavelength range selected according to the state of the reaction region, It has become possible to provide information on the characteristics of the reaction region efficiently.
- the reaction analysis apparatus has an exception processing function in the case of performing LIBS, SIBS, etc., so that the analysis of the reaction based on the light emitted from the reaction region due to the laser or the discharge is performed. It is possible to carry out appropriately and efficiently.
- the relative intensity includes a wavelength and an intensity value.
- the optical element condenses the light generated at the object point at the image point
- the spectroscopic measurement means performs spectroscopic measurement of the collected light
- the result is the above-described reaction analysis apparatus. Is received, and the reaction region is in a predetermined state, so that the local area can be appropriately detected with high reproducibility without being greatly affected by the state of the optical element based on the light generated by the reaction occurring locally. It is now possible to detect and notify that a certain state is in place.
- the reflective optical element has a good imaging characteristic without the occurrence of chromatic aberration because the surface that contributes to imaging is a reflective surface
- the reflection optical element is based on light generated by a reaction occurring locally. It has become possible to detect and notify that a local state is in a predetermined state appropriately with high reproducibility without being greatly affected by the state of the optical element and with high spatial resolution.
- the measurement system according to the present invention has a time division function of measurement results (corresponding to repetitive measurement, centralization of multi-point measurement, etc.), so that the reaction is periodically performed. It is possible to analyze the light in such a reaction region separately for each periodically performed reaction.
- the measurement position that is, the arrangement of the spectroscopic elements, and the measurement and analysis results can be associated with each other.
- the system can be downsized by unifying the spectroscopic measurement hardware.
- the number of parts can be reduced, and power S can be used to reduce measurement errors caused by hardware that performs spectroscopic measurements.
- the control system according to the present invention is a control system for controlling a reaction region in which a reaction is performed in a state corresponding to a given input. And a conversion means for converting the output from the measurement system into an input value uniquely corresponding to the output, and an adjustment means for giving the input value to the reaction region. It is what.
- the present invention provides that the input value is the position, path, altitude, posture, direction, dimension, volume, angle, flow rate, density, linear velocity, angular velocity, acceleration, mechanical force, stress.
- the input value is the position, path, altitude, posture, direction, dimension, volume, angle, flow rate, density, linear velocity, angular velocity, acceleration, mechanical force, stress.
- control system is a control system that controls an internal combustion engine that operates in a state corresponding to a given input. And a conversion means for converting the output from the measurement system into an input value uniquely corresponding to the output, and an adjustment means for giving the input value to the reaction region. It is what.
- the present invention provides that the input values are the intake air amount, the intake air humidity, the supply pressure of the oxidant, the mixing ratio of the components in the oxidant, the fuel supply amount, the fuel supply speed, and the fuel supply.
- Position, fuel supply direction, fuel supply timing, fuel particle size, fuel penetration, blending, valve timing, relative time difference between valves, ignition timing, input energy for ignition, swirl strength, strong tumble The strength of the turbulence of the working fluid near the spark plug, the type of instrument to be operated, the number of instruments to be operated, the arrangement of the instruments to be operated, the exhaust gas recirculation amount, the temperature of the exhaust gas being recirculated, the exhaust pipe pressure, It is characterized by being one or more values selected from the group consisting of afterburning, exhaust qualitative components, exhaust quantitative components, and pressure wave vibrations.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing two types of spectral spectra for explaining the concept of one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an optical element in the measurement system.
- FIG. 4 is a side view showing a configuration of a spectroscopic measurement apparatus in the measurement system.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an internal configuration of a computer system that operates as a reaction analysis device in the measurement system.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing a control structure of spectrum pattern determination processing in the measurement system.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a control structure of peak analysis processing in the measurement system.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a control structure of knocking determination processing in the measurement system.
- FIG. 12 is a side view showing a configuration of a spectroscopic measurement apparatus configured to extract only a specific wavelength component in a measurement system.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration in a second modification of the measurement system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 A partial perspective view showing the configuration of the spectroscopic measurement apparatus in Modification 2 of the measurement system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of the operation of the spectroscopic measurement apparatus in Modification 2 of the measurement system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration in a second modification of the measurement system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration in Modification 3 of the measurement system according to the present invention.
- the concept of the present invention will be described first by taking a flame as an example. If the fuel and oxidizer are properly mixed, the fuel will burn completely. In this state, all the fuel is ionized and excited to become radicals, and light is emitted from the radicals in the flame. On the other hand, improper mixing of fuel and oxidant will cause incomplete combustion in the dense part of the fuel. In this state, the fuel is not completely converted into plasma, and part of it becomes fine particles and diffuses. These fine particles are smoke. The soot is heated by the flame and emits strong light by blackbody radiation. This light forms a so-called luminous flame.
- Figure 1 shows the flame and luminous flame when methane gas is completely burned in air.
- the spectral spectrum of light emitted from the flame in the wavelength range near 300 to 550 nm is shown in comparison.
- a radical emits light having a specific wavelength component depending on the type of radical. Therefore, in the spectrum of light emitted from the flame of complete combustion, a spectral pattern with some sharp peaks is observed.
- the luminous flame in addition to the light component emitted by radical force, the light component emitted by black body radiation is detected. Unlike black radical radiation, black body radiation emits light over a wide wavelength range. Therefore, a continuous spectrum pattern is observed in the spectrum of light emitted from the luminous flame, particularly in the long wavelength band.
- the wavelength corresponding to the light emitted from C * is about 473nm, or about 516 ⁇
- None of the excess air ratio, equivalent ratio, or air-fuel ratio can be calculated from the ratio of the intensity of the m component to the intensity of the component at a wavelength of about 431 nm corresponding to the light emitted from CH *.
- the ratio between the intensity of the component with a wavelength of about 473 nm or about 516 nm and the intensity of the component with a wavelength of about 431 nm is the spectrum of the light emitted from the flame of complete combustion and the spectrum of the light emitted from the luminous flame. And the values are very different. Even in such a spectral pattern, a peak can be recognized at a wavelength corresponding to light that also emits radical force in a wavelength band of about 431 nm or less corresponding to light emitted from CH *.
- a difference in the spectral pattern is expressed as a relative value to the other one of the intensities of two wavelength components measured simultaneously ( Hereinafter, it is referred to as “relative intensity.”)
- a state such as generation of luminous flame or soot or poor fuel premixing is detected.
- the characteristics such as peak timing, wavelength, intensity, spectrum line width, and line shape are used. Based on this, analysis processing including detection of occurrence of knocking is executed, and information on the reaction region is obtained.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of the measurement system according to the present embodiment. See Figure 2 for this
- the measurement system 100 has an optical element 104 for condensing light emitted from the measurement area 102 in or near the reaction area, and a condensing position of the light emitted from the measurement area 102 by the optical element 114 at one end.
- An optical fiber cable 106 having a plurality of optical fibers 108A,..., 108N disposed respectively, and emitting light incident on the one end from each other end, and the other end of the optical fibers 108A,.
- the spectroscopic measurement device 110A which is connected to each other and outputs the measurement signal 112A, 112N, which is an electric signal corresponding to the intensity of each spectroscopic component, which splits the light emitted from the other end.
- 110N and measurement signal 112A, ... 1 12N are received and signal processing is performed on this measurement signal 112A, ..., 112N to detect the occurrence of bright flame in measurement area 102
- the detection results and measurement signals 112A,..., 112N, and a reaction analysis device 114 that analyzes the measurement target existing in the measurement region 102 and its physical state, and outputs the analysis result 108 based on 112N.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the optical element 104 according to this embodiment.
- the optical element 104 is an integral optical element having a first surface 140 and a second surface 142.
- a space between the first surface 140 and the second surface 142 is a transparent medium.
- the medium is so-called optical glass or synthetic quartz.
- the first surface 140 and the second surface 142 have first regions 140A and 142A on the outer peripheral side, and second regions 140B and 142B in the center.
- the first region 140A of the first surface 140 is a spherical transmission surface having a predetermined point O as the center of curvature.
- a first reflective film 144 made of a reflective material (eg, aluminum) such as a metal material is deposited in the second region 140B of the first surface 140. Therefore, the second region 140B of the first surface 140 is a reflection surface for incident light from the medium side.
- a protective film 148 for protecting the reflective film 134 from the measurement target is formed on the measurement film 102 side of the reflective film 144.
- a second reflective film 146 made of a reflective material similar to that of the first reflective film 144 is deposited. That is, the first region 142A of the second surface 142 serves as a concave reflection surface for light from the medium side.
- the second region 142B of the second surface 142 is a spherical transmission surface having the point I as the center of curvature. Below, point O is called the “object point” and point I is called the “image point”. [0102]
- the light from the object point O enters the first region 140A of the first surface 140, travels in the medium between the first surface 140 and the second surface 144, and the first surface 140 of the second surface 142 Reflected in region 142A.
- the light reflected by the first region 142A of the second surface 142 is reflected by the second region 140B of the first surface 140, is emitted through the second region 142B of the second surface 142, and passes through the stray light stop 150. And focused on image point I. Light from point O, 0, 0, 0, ⁇ , ...
- 1 2 3 4 5 n is condensed by the optical element 104 on the image plane on the image point I side. Therefore, in this optical element 104, from the object points O, O, O, O, O,.
- the incident end face of the optical fiber cable 106 has an optical fiber 108, ..., 108N, where the incident end faces of the optical element 114 include the image point I. It arrange
- the light generated at 1 2 3 4 5 n is collected by the optical element 104 by the fibers 108 ⁇ , ′ ′ 108 ⁇ arranged at the position on the image plane corresponding to the object point.
- the collected light is incident on the fiber 108 ⁇ , 108N, and exits from the end face on the 110N side through the optical fiber 108 ⁇ , 108N, and the spectroscopic measurement device 110 ⁇ , 110N, respectively. Will be.
- FIG. 4 shows a side view of the spectroscopic measurement apparatus 110A.
- spectroscopic measurement apparatus 110A is arranged on the optical axis of the light emitted from optical fiber 108A, and converts collimator 170 that converts the light emitted from optical fiber 108A into parallel light, and collimator 170.
- the first mirror 172 arranged on the optical axis of the light converted into the parallel light by the first mirror 172 and the first mirror 172 of the parallel light emitted through the collimator 170 are arranged on the optical axis of the reflected light.
- the second mirror 174 and the parallel light emitted through the collimator 170 are arranged on the optical axis of the reflected light by the second mirror 174, and the above-mentioned light reflected by the second mirror 174 is dispersed.
- the spectroscopic element 176 is a diffraction grating, a prism, or the like.
- the photodetector 180 is a CCD image sensor or the like in which a large number of charge coupled devices (CCDs) and the like are arranged in a matrix.
- Mirrors 172, 174, and 178 are provided for each incident light so that the light does not converge in the process from the incidence of the light generated from the plasma until the light is dispersed by the spectroscopic element 176 and received by the photodetector 180. It is arranged to make an angle of.
- the light reaching the spectroscopic element 176 is split into spectral light by the spectroscopic element 176 and reaches the photodetector 180 via the mirror 178. Therefore, the light receiving position of each component of the spectrum light on the photodetector 180 differs depending on the wavelength.
- the photodetector 180 sequentially photoelectrically converts the light received at each light receiving position, and outputs a measurement signal 112A including information indicating the light receiving position at that time and the light intensity at the light receiving position. . Therefore, the measurement signal 112A output from the light detector 180 includes information indicating the intensity at each time of each wavelength component included in the light from which the object point O force is also emitted.
- the function of the reaction analysis apparatus 114 of the present embodiment can be realized by computer hardware, a program executed by the computer hardware, and data stored in the computer hardware.
- FIG. 5 shows the configuration of a computer system 200 for realizing the functions of the reaction analyzer 114.
- this computer system 200 is connected to a computer 204 having an interface 202 that receives inputs of measurement signals 112A,..., 112N and outputs analysis results 116, and a computer 204, respectively.
- An input device 218 such as a keyboard and an output device 220 such as a display device.
- the computer 204 has a node 206 connected to the interface 202 and a central processing unit (CPU) 208 in addition to the interface 202.
- the computer 204 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 210 that stores a boot-up program, a random access memory (RAM) 212 that stores program instructions, a system program, work data, and the like, a hard disk 214, and a removable medium.
- CPU208, RO M210, RAM212, hard disk 214, and removable media drive 216 Yes is also connected to bus 186.
- the computer 204 may further comprise a network adapter board that provides a connection to a low-power area network (LAN).
- LAN low-power area network
- a program for operating the computer system 200 as the reaction analysis device 114 is stored in a removable medium inserted into the removable media drive 216, and the stored content is transferred to the hard disk 214.
- the program may be transmitted to the computer 204 through a network (not shown) and stored in the node disk 214.
- the program is loaded into the RAM 212 when executed. Note that the program may be loaded directly into the RAM 212 from the above-described removable medium or network without going through the hard disk 214.
- This program includes a plurality of instructions for causing the computer 204 to execute the operation as the reaction analysis device 114. Some of the basic functions required to execute these operations are performed by operating system (OS), third-party programs, or modules in various toolkits that are installed on and run on computer 204. Provided. Therefore, this program does not necessarily include all functions necessary for realizing the operation of the reaction analyzer 114. This program only needs to include instructions that implement each function of the reaction analysis device 114 by calling appropriate functions, tools, and the like in a controlled manner so that a desired result can be obtained. . Since the operation of the computer system 204 itself is well known, description thereof will not be repeated here.
- FIG. 6 shows a functional configuration of the reaction analyzer 114 in a block diagram form.
- reaction analysis device 114 receives measurement signals 112A,..., 112N, and displays time-series data representing the intensity of each wavelength component at each time of light emitted from each position in measurement region 102. (Hereinafter referred to as “spectral data”), and a spectral data storage unit 302 that holds spectral data generated by the signal converting unit 300.
- the reaction analysis device 114 is further based on the spectroscopic data.
- the spectroscopic spectrum at each time and position is a spectral pattern having a peak over the entire region or a spectral pattern having a continuous portion.
- Spectrum pattern determination unit 304 for determining whether or not Based on the result of the determination by the spectrum pattern determination unit 304, the analysis processing to be executed is selected, and a command corresponding to the selection result is output, and the command from the processing selection unit 306 is followed! / Analyzing spectral data of a spectrum having a continuous pattern, and outputting the result based on the spectral data in accordance with instructions from the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and processing selection unit 306, and based on the peak on the spectrum. It has a peak analysis unit 310 that executes knocking determination and reaction region analysis and outputs the result.
- the process selection by the process selection unit 306 is specifically as follows. That is, for the spectral data at the time determined to be a continuous spectral pattern among the time on the spectral data, analysis by both the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310 is selected. Further, as the wavelength range of the peak to be analyzed by the peak analysis unit 310, the first wavelength range in which the influence of the continuous spectrum pattern is slight is selected, and the first wavelength range is selected for the peak to be analyzed. Specify as the wavelength range. For other times, only the analysis by the peak analysis unit 310 is selected, and the second wavelength that is the entire wavelength range on the spectral data is selected as the wavelength range of the peak to be analyzed by the peak analysis unit 310. Specify a range.
- the wavelength range in which the influence of the continuous spectrum pattern is slight can be predicted in advance according to the cause if the cause of the occurrence of the continuous spectrum pattern is known.
- the influence of the luminous flame due to soot is negligible in the wavelength band of about 431 nm or less corresponding to the light emitted from CH *. Therefore, in the present embodiment, information indicating the wavelength range in the case of limitation is prepared in advance, the processing selection unit 306 holds this, and this information is used for selection.
- the reaction analysis device 114 further includes an analysis result storage unit 312 that holds the analysis results output by the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310, and a user that receives an operation for commanding the output of the analysis results from the user.
- the result of determination by the interface 316 and the spectrum pattern determination unit 304 and the result of knocking determination by the peak analysis unit 310 are converted into information on the state of the measurement region 102 and output, and based on the operation received by the user interface 316 And an output unit 314 for reading out and outputting the measurement target information held in the analysis result storage unit 312. Determination result by spectrum pattern determination unit 304 Specifically, the information output from the output unit 314 based on the results includes notification of soot generation, notification of poor fuel premixing, generation of bright flame, and the like.
- Spectral pattern determination unit 304 acquires the spectral data force held, and the intensity value of the first wavelength component used for determination of the spectral pattern (hereinafter referred to as “first intensity value”).
- a relative intensity calculation unit 334 that calculates a relative intensity of the value relative to the second intensity value, a reference value storage unit 336 that stores reference value information indicating a relationship between the relative intensity and the spectral pattern, and a relative intensity and a reference
- a determination unit 338 for determining whether or not the spectrum pattern is continuous by comparison with the value information.
- the first wavelength component it is desirable to select a wavelength component having a large intensity due to the difference in the continuous spectral pattern.
- the second wavelength component the difference in the continuous spectrum pattern is desirable.
- the intensity difference due to is relatively small! /, It is desirable to select the wavelength component! /.
- the wavelength component for example, when the combustion reaction of hydrocarbon fuel is taking place in the measurement region 102 (see Fig. 2), about 473nm or about 516nm corresponding to the light emitted from C *
- the second wavelength component for example, when a hydrocarbon fuel combustion reaction is performed in the measurement region 102 (see FIG. 2), light emitted from CH *, CN *, or OH * is used. Corresponding wavelength components may be selected.
- the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 follows the command corresponding to the analysis processing of the continuous spectrum pattern from the processing selection unit 306, and the third wavelength component and the fourth wavelength necessary for the analysis from the continuous spectrum pattern. Based on the intensity values of the third and fourth wavelength components read by the data reading unit 350 and the data reading unit 350 for reading the component intensity values from the spectral data storage unit 302, black body radiation is emitted.
- a temperature calculation unit 352 that calculates the temperature of the particles, and a concentration calculation unit 354 that calculates the concentration of the particles based on the temperature calculated by the temperature calculation unit 352 and the intensity value of the fourth wavelength component. It is desirable that both the third wavelength component and the fourth wavelength component are wavelength components outside the second wavelength range described above.
- the peak analysis unit 310 scans the spectral data stored in the spectral data storage unit 302 to detect a peak of light emitted from the measurement region 102, and also includes spectral data. And a peak feature amount extraction unit 372 that extracts a feature amount of a peak detected by the peak detection unit 370.
- the peak features are the peak appearance time, wavelength, peak height, that is, the intensity of the wavelength component at the peak apex (hereinafter referred to as “peak intensity”), spectral line width, and shift amount. , And line shapes.
- the peak analysis unit 310 further causes temporal changes in light emitted from secondary products generated by the influence of pressure waves when knocking occurs or light emitted from products caused by the reaction. Based on the feature value of the peak appearing in the fifth wavelength component corresponding to the light emitted from the component, it is determined whether or not knocking has occurred, and if knocking has occurred, a signal to that effect is sent It has a knocking detection unit 373 for outputting.
- the fifth wavelength component is a wavelength component corresponding to, for example, light emitted from OH *.
- OH * When a pressure wave is generated by knocking, OH * is generated in the region where the temperature and pressure are high due to the influence, and a combustion reaction occurs, and light emitted from the OH * is generated in the region. May be detected. In such a case, light is emitted from, for example, C CH * generated by the combustion reaction.
- the intensity of light emitted from OH * may change stepwise as time elapses.
- the knocking detection unit 373 determines whether or not knocking has occurred based on such a temporal change in light that occurs when knocking occurs.
- the peak analysis unit 310 further performs statistical processing on the feature values of each peak extracted by the peak feature value extraction unit 372, and as a result, features of the light emitted from the measurement position. It has a statistical processing unit 374 that generates information to be expressed (hereinafter referred to as “measurement light characteristic information”).
- the measurement light feature information specifically includes peak feature amounts, peak feature amount ratios between peaks, and their average, root mean square, variance, and time variation characteristics.
- the peak analysis unit 310 further includes a calibration information storage unit 376 that holds calibration information representing the relationship between the characteristics of the light emitted from the reaction region and the state-features of the reaction region, and the calibration information. And a feature quantity analysis unit 232 that analyzes the measurement light feature information and converts it into information related to the feature to be measured, and stores the information in the analysis result storage unit 312 as a result of the analysis based on the peak.
- the characteristics of the measurement object include, for example, the mass, flow rate, concentration, pressure, temperature, plasma characteristic evaluation value, etc. of the measurement object, their temporal fluctuations, reaction zone thickness, reaction arrival speed, and the like.
- the calibration information is a function, a correlation curve, a correspondence table, or the like that represents the relationship between the above-described characteristics of the light generated from the plasma and the above-described characteristics of the measurement target.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the control structure of the entire process executed by the reaction analyzer 114.
- this process 400 is performed for each of the measurement signals 112A,.
- the process target time is initialized to zero.
- the measurement signal at time t is converted into spectroscopic data by amplifying and digitizing.
- the spectral data converted in step 404 is stored.
- a process of determining a spectral pattern using the spectral data accumulated in step 406 is executed. This process will be described later with reference to FIG.
- step 410 it is determined whether or not the spectrum is determined to be a continuous spectrum pattern in step 408. If it is the former, the process proceeds to step 412. Otherwise, go to step 416.
- step 412 time ijt is set to the target time for particle state analysis based on a continuous spectrum pattern.
- the first wavelength range is selected to limit the peak detection range, and the step Proceed to 418.
- the second wavelength range is selected in step 416, the entire wavelength band is set as the peak detection range, and the process proceeds to step 418.
- step 418 it is determined whether or not a measurement signal corresponding to a time after time t is given. If the measurement signal is given, the process proceeds to step 420, 1 is added to the time t, and the process returns to step 404. Otherwise, go to step 422.
- step 422 the state of particles emitting blackbody radiation is analyzed using the spectroscopic data. .
- step 424 the peak data is analyzed on the spectroscopic data.
- step 426 information obtained as a result of the processing in steps 422 and 424 is output as an analysis result, and this processing is completed.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the control structure of the spectrum pattern analysis process executed in step 408 (see FIG. 7).
- step 440 reads the intensity values of the first and second selected wavelengths from the spectral data accumulated in step 406 (see FIG. 7).
- step 442 the first intensity value is divided by the second intensity value to calculate a relative intensity.
- step 444 it is determined whether the relative intensity calculated in step 442 is a value within a predetermined reference range or a value outside a reference range. If the value is within the reference range, the spectrum pattern determination processing 408 is terminated. If the value is outside the reference range, the process proceeds to step 446. In step 446, a value corresponding to the detection of a continuous spectrum pattern in the spectrum to be determined is output. In the following step 448, a notification corresponding to the continuous spectrum pattern is issued, and the spectrum pattern determination processing 408 is terminated.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the control structure of the particle state analysis process executed in step 422 (see FIG. 7).
- step 460 initializes processing target time t with 0.
- step 462 it is determined whether or not the time t has been set as the analysis target time in step 412 of the process shown in FIG. If yes, go to step 466. Otherwise, go to step 464, add 1 to time t at step 478, and go back to step 462.
- step 466 the intensity values of the third and fourth wavelength components at time ijt are read from the spectral data accumulated in step 404 (see FIG. 7).
- step 468 the true temperature of the particles emitting black body radiation is calculated from the intensity values of the third and fourth wavelength components read out in step 466 using the two-color method.
- step 470 based on Planck's radiation law, the luminance temperature corresponding to the wavelength component is calculated from the true temperature calculated in step 468 and the intensity value of the third wavelength component.
- the product of the so-called KL value that is, the emissivity and the thickness of the reaction field is calculated from the true temperature calculated in step 468 and the luminance temperature calculated in step 470.
- step 47.4 the KL value calculated in step 472 is converted to the particle concentration.
- step 476 it is determined whether or not spectral data at time after time t is accumulated. If so, the process moves to step 464. Otherwise go to step 480.
- step 480 statistical processing in the time direction is performed on the true temperature and particle concentration calculated in the series of processing in steps 460 to 476 described above, and the average, standard deviation, and Find time fluctuations.
- step 482 the true temperature and particle concentration calculated in the series of steps 460 to 476 described above and the statistics obtained in step 480 are output and stored as analysis results, and the particle state analysis process is performed. Exit 422.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the control structure of the peak analysis process executed in step 424 (see FIG. 7).
- step 500 process target time t is initialized to zero.
- step 502 it is determined whether or not the time range t is the range limited in the wavelength range force set in step 414 or step 416 (both see FIG. 7). If so, the process proceeds to step 504. Otherwise go to step 506.
- step 504 the spectroscopic data is scanned within the limited wavelength band to detect all peaks in the range, and the process proceeds to step 508.
- step 506 the spectral data is scanned for all wavelength bands in the spectral data to detect all peaks in the range, and the process proceeds to step 508.
- step 508 for each of the peaks detected in step 504 or 506 based on the spectral data, the peak appearance time, wavelength, peak intensity, spectral line width, shift amount, and line Shapes are identified and stored as peak feature values.
- step 510 in step 474, the KL value calculated in step 472 is used as the particle concentration. Convert to.
- step 476 it is determined whether or not spectral data at times after time t is accumulated. If accumulated, the process proceeds to step 464, 1 is added to the processing target time, and the process returns to step 502. Otherwise, go to step 513.
- step 513 a knocking determination process for determining whether knocking has occurred based on the peak feature value is executed. This process will be described later with reference to FIG.
- step 514 statistical processing relating to the peak feature amount is executed based on the feature amount of each peak identified by the series of processing in steps 500 to 512, and the measurement light feature information is generated. Then, the generated measurement light feature information is stored.
- step 516 it is determined whether or not there is a restriction on the wavelength range as in step 502. If no limit is set, the process proceeds to step 518, where the ratio of peak intensity in the measured light characteristic information and its statistical value are compared with the calibration curve prepared in advance to analyze the excess air ratio. Is executed and the result is output. At this time, the analysis result of the air excess ratio may be output after being converted into information on the local equivalent ratio or the local air-fuel ratio.
- step 516 or step 518 When the processing of step 516 or step 518 is completed, the analysis processing of steps 520 and 522, alignment step 524, alignment step 526, alignment step 528 and 530, and step 532 shown below is performed. Are executed in parallel.
- step 520 information on the position of the reaction start point and the reaction start time in the reaction region prepared in advance, the information on the measurement position, and the appearance time of the peak in the measurement light characteristic information are included.
- analysis of the reaction propagation speed and its statistics in the reaction region is executed, and the analysis result is output and stored.
- step 522 the propagation velocity analyzed in step 520 is multiplied by the peak width in the time axis direction to calculate the thickness of the reaction zone. Furthermore, based on the statistics of the propagation velocity and the statistics of the peak width in the time axis direction, the analysis on the statistics of the reaction zone thickness is performed. Then, the reaction zone thickness and its statistics are output and stored as an analysis result.
- step 524 regarding a peak corresponding to a plurality of wavelength components contained in a single radical or light emitted from plasma, the radical is determined based on the peak intensity ratio and the statistics of the peaks. Or perform an analysis on the rotational temperature of the plasma, Output and store the rotation temperature and its statistics as analysis results.
- step 526 the spectral line width of each peak is converted into the pressure at the measurement position, and an analysis is performed on the pressure based on the statistics of the spectral line width. Based on the pressure and statistics at the measurement position, Output the result of the pressure analysis as an analysis result
- the characteristics of the radio-nosole present at the measurement position or plasma are identified from the wavelength and shift amount of each peak, and radicals having the characteristics determined from the peak intensity and its statistics, or Calculate the mass, flow rate, and quantity of plasma, and their statistics, and store the above-mentioned radical or plasma characteristic evaluation value, mass, flow rate, quantity, and their statistics as analysis results.
- component analysis such as molecular analysis and elemental analysis is executed based on the analysis result in step 528, and the result is output and stored as an analysis result.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the control structure of the knocking determination process executed in step 513 (see FIG. 10) described above.
- step 552 it is determined whether or not the intensity of the fifth wavelength component is rapidly increased as compared with the sixth wavelength component. Specifically, it is determined whether or not a peak appears in the sixth wavelength component in a time zone in which a peak appears in the fifth wavelength component. If not, it is determined that the intensity of the fifth wavelength component has increased rapidly, and the process proceeds to Step 560. If it exists! /, The number increases rapidly! /, And it is determined that it is! /.
- step 554 it is determined whether or not there is a difference between the appearance time of the peak of the fifth wavelength component and the appearance time of the peak of the sixth wavelength component. If there is a deviation, go to Step 560. Otherwise go to step 558.
- step 558 it is determined whether or not the intensity of the wavelength component fluctuates step by step in a time zone in which a peak of the fifth wavelength component appears. If it fluctuates, go to step 560. Otherwise, this process is terminated.
- step 560 a notification indicating that knocking has occurred is issued, and this process is terminated.
- optical element 104 of measurement system 100 is arranged such that light from a desired measurement position is incident on optical element 104, and measurement is started in this state.
- FIG. 3 when light that also has an object point O, O, O, O, O, O, ..., O force in the reaction region is incident on the optical element 104,
- the light passes through the first region 140A of the first surface 140 of the optical element 104, travels in the medium between the first surface 140 and the second surface 142, and is reflected by the first region 142A of the second surface 142. Is done.
- the light reflected by the first region 142A of the second surface 142 is reflected by the second region 140B of the first surface 140 and is emitted through the second region 142B of the second surface 142.
- the light is condensed at the incident end face of each of the optical fibers 108A,.
- the collected light is incident on the fibers 108A,..., 108N, respectively, and passes through the optical fibers 108A,..., 108N to the spectroscopic measurement device 110A,.
- the light is emitted from the end face.
- the light incident on spectroscopic measurement apparatus 110A is converted into parallel light by collimator 170, then reflected by first mirror 172 and second mirror 174, and spectral element 176 To reach.
- the light that reaches the spectroscopic element 176 is split into spectroscopic light by the spectroscopic element 176 and reaches the photodetector 180 via the third mirror 178.
- the light detector 180 sequentially photoelectrically converts the light that has reached each light receiving position, and outputs a measurement signal 112A that represents the light arrival position at that time and the light intensity at that position.
- reaction analyzer 114 When reaction analyzer 114 receives measurement signals 112A,..., 112N, reaction analyzer 114 performs the following operation for each of measurement signals 112A,.
- the measurement signal input to reaction analysis device 114 is provided to signal conversion unit 300.
- the signal conversion unit 300 sequentially amplifies and digitizes the measurement signal to convert it into spectral data, and stores the spectral data in the spectral data storage unit 302.
- the first intensity value acquisition unit 330 and the second intensity value acquisition unit 332 of the spectral pattern determination unit 304 respectively, first and second from the spectral data.
- the relative intensity calculation unit 334 divides the given first intensity value by the second intensity value and sequentially calculates the relative intensity.
- the calculated relative intensity is sequentially given to the determination unit 338.
- the determination unit 338 compares the given relative intensity with the reference value held in the reference value storage unit 336, and determines whether or not the relative intensity is within a predetermined reference range. If the relative intensity is not within the reference range, the determination unit 338 determines that the spectral spectrum at the determination target time is a continuous spectrum pattern, and the determination target time and the corresponding time are continuous. A signal indicating that the spectrum pattern is correct is output to the output unit 316 and the processing selection unit 306. Upon receiving this signal, the output unit 316 issues a notice of soot generation, a notice of fuel premixing failure, a notice of the occurrence of a bright flame, etc., and outputs it as an analysis result 116.
- the process selection unit 306 selects an analysis process for the spectral data at that time. That is, for the time determined to be a continuous spectrum pattern, analysis by both the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310 is selected, and the analysis target by the peak analysis unit 310 is further selected.
- the wavelength range of the peak is limited to a range where the influence of the continuous spectral pattern is slight. For other times, only the analysis by the peak analysis unit 310 is selected, and the entire wavelength range on the spectroscopic data is designated as the wavelength range of the peak to be analyzed by the peak analysis unit 310.
- the processing selection unit 306 Based on the selection result, the processing selection unit 306 generates an analysis command to be performed by the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310, and gives the analysis command to the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310.
- the data reading unit 350 follows the command and the third wavelength component at the time when the processing by the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 is selected. And the intensity of the fourth wavelength component are read from the spectral data storage unit 302 and sequentially given to the temperature calculation unit 352 and the concentration calculation unit 354.
- the temperature calculation unit 352 calculates the true temperature of the particles emitting black body radiation from the intensity values of the third and fourth wavelength components using the two-color method.
- the temperature calculation unit 352 records the calculated true temperature value as an analysis result. The value is stored in the memory unit 312, and this value is further given to the density calculation unit 354.
- the concentration calculation unit 354 calculates the luminance temperature corresponding to the wavelength component from the intensity value of the third wavelength component. Then, the KL value is calculated from the luminance temperature and the true temperature given from the temperature calculation unit 352. Furthermore, the KL value is converted into the concentration of particles. The concentration calculation unit 354 stores the calculated particle concentration value in the analysis result storage unit 312. Then, statistical processing regarding the concentration is executed in the time direction, and the result is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.
- the peak detection unit 370 scans the spectral data stored in the spectral data storage unit 302 in the wavelength direction and the time direction. At each time, it is determined whether or not a peak exists at that time. However, when the wavelength range to be processed is limited by a command from the processing selection unit 306, scanning is performed only within the limited wavelength range. The peak detection unit 370 gives the result of this determination to the spectral data and supplies it to the peak feature amount extraction unit 372.
- the peak feature amount extraction unit 372 receives the spectral data with the peak detection result from the peak detection unit 370, and based on this data, the appearance time, wavelength, and peak of each detected peak. Identify strength. The peak feature amount extraction unit 372 further scans the data around the peak of each peak, and identifies the spectral line width, shift amount, and line shape of the peak for each peak. Then, the identified information is given to the knocking detection unit 373 and the statistical processing unit 374 as the feature amount of each peak.
- Knocking detection section 373 focuses on the fifth wavelength component of the given peak feature quantity and determines whether knocking has occurred or not as follows. That is, no peak appears in the sixth wavelength component during the time period when the peak appears in the fifth wavelength component! The force at which a peak appears in the wavelength component of the knocking If there is a lag in the time of appearance of the peak, or if the intensity of the fifth wavelength component fluctuates stepwise in the time period It is determined that When it is determined that knocking has occurred, knocking detection unit 373 outputs a signal indicating the occurrence of knocking to output unit 316. When the output unit 316 receives this signal, knocking occurs. Is issued and output as analysis result 116.
- the statistical processing unit 374 calculates the ratio of the feature values of the peaks between the peaks from the feature values of the peaks.
- the statistical processing unit 374 further performs statistical processing on each feature amount and its ratio, and calculates the average, root mean square, variance, and time variation characteristics. Then, the statistical processing unit 374 gives the feature amount of each peak, the ratio of each feature amount, and the result of the statistical processing for them to the feature amount analysis unit 378 as measurement light feature information.
- the feature amount analysis unit 378 receives the information based on the calibration information held in the calibration information storage unit 376 as follows. Perform analysis and convert to measurement target information. However, analysis processing that uses peak features that may occur outside the peak detection range is not performed.
- the feature quantity analysis unit 378 performs an analysis on the excess air ratio by comparing the ratio of the peak intensity in the measurement light feature information and its statistical value with the configuration information, and the result Is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312. At this time, the analysis result of the excess air ratio may be stored in the analysis result storage unit 312 after being converted into information on the local equivalent ratio or the local air-fuel ratio.
- the reaction in the reaction region is combustion of hydrocarbon fuel as shown in Fig. 1, the wavelength component of light emitted from C * and the wavelength component of luminous flame overlap.
- the feature amount analysis unit 378 does not perform the analysis of the excess air ratio at the time when the bright flame occurs.
- the feature quantity analysis unit 378 also determines the propagation speed of the reaction in the reaction region and its statistics based on the position of the reaction start point in the reaction region, the reaction start time, the measurement position, and the peak appearance time. The analysis of the quantity is executed, and the analysis result is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.
- the feature amount analysis unit 378 calculates the thickness of the reaction zone by multiplying the propagation velocity by the peak width in the time axis direction. In addition, based on statistics of propagation velocity and statistics of peak width in the time axis direction, analysis on the statistics of reaction zone thickness is performed. Then, the thickness of the reaction zone and its statistics are stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.
- the feature quantity analysis unit 378 applies light emitted from a single radical or plasma. For peaks corresponding to multiple wavelength components included, based on the peak intensity ratio of these peaks and their statistics, analysis is performed on the radical or plasma rotation temperature, and the temperature and its statistics are analyzed. Store in the result storage unit 312.
- the feature amount analysis unit 378 converts the spectral line width of each peak into a pressure at the measurement position, performs an analysis on the pressure based on the statistical amount of the spectral line width, and calculates the pressure and pressure at the measurement position.
- the result of pressure analysis based on the statistics is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.
- the feature quantity analysis unit 378 identifies the characteristics of radicals or plasma existing at the measurement position from the wavelength and shift amount of each peak, and identifies the peak intensity and its statistical power. Calculate the radical, plasma mass, flow rate and quantity, and their statistics, and determine the characteristics, mass, flow rate, and quantity of the radical or plasma, and their statistics. Is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312 as an analysis result. Further, based on the analysis result, component analysis such as molecular analysis and elemental analysis is executed, and the result is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.
- the feature quantity analysis unit 378 executes processing for inspecting whether or not there is a reaction abnormality such as knocking at the measurement position.
- the inspection result is stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.
- the analysis results by the continuous pattern analysis unit 308 and the peak analysis unit 310 are stored in the analysis result storage unit 312.
- the user interface 314 receives an operation for requesting output of desired measurement target information from the user, the user interface 314 gives a command corresponding to the operation to the output unit 316.
- the output unit 314 reads information corresponding to the user's request from the analysis result storage unit 312 and outputs it as the analysis result 116 in accordance with the given command.
- the optical element 104 collects the light emitted from the measurement region 102.
- this optical element 104 since only the reflecting surface is involved in the condensing, spectroscopic measurement with high spatial resolution without occurrence of chromatic aberration, detection of occurrence of bright flames and soot, detection of knocking,
- various analyzes on the reaction region can be performed.
- a time-series signal is used as a measurement signal.
- time-series signal processing is performed using the time-series signal. Therefore, it is possible to obtain information on the time series change of the reaction in the measurement region 102.
- continuous spectrum detection is performed based on the relative intensity with respect to the intensity of the second wavelength component obtained at the same time as the intensity of the first wavelength component obtained by spectroscopic measurement. Determine that turn light has occurred. Based on the determination result, the occurrence of soot, bright flame, or poor fuel premixing is detected. Therefore, it is possible to detect a soot that is not affected by the deterioration of the performance of the optical element that receives light due to soot adhesion, the occurrence of a luminous flame, or a fuel premixing failure.
- the relative relationship between the light emitted from OH * due to the influence of the pressure wave accompanying knocking and the light emitted from other radical force generated by the reaction, and the time of the light emitted from OH * The occurrence of knocking is detected based on the change. Therefore, knocking can be detected more directly than the detection of knocking from pressure, vibration, etc., and the reproducibility of detection of occurrence of knocking is improved. In addition, it is possible to detect the occurrence of knocking without being affected by the deterioration of the performance of the optical element that receives light due to adhesion of soot and the like.
- the optical element 104 is an optical system that collects light by reflection. 1S
- an optical system such as a convex lens may be used. However, in this case, it is desirable to reduce the aberration caused by the wavelength of light by various methods.
- the end surface of the optical fiber 108 ⁇ , ..., 108N on the optical element 104 side is a force S arranged in a plane on the image plane of the optical element 104, and the present invention
- the embodiment is not limited.
- the incident end faces of the optical fibers 108A,..., 108N may be three-dimensionally arranged. This makes it possible to measure and analyze the light emitted from the reaction region in a three-dimensional manner.
- the spectroscopic measurement devices 112A,..., 112N spectrally split the incident light and convert the resulting spectral light into an electrical signal by the photodetector 180. It was something to output.
- the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment.
- reaction taking place in the measurement position reaction region is known, or if the goal of the measurement is to obtain information only about the reaction of the subject having a predetermined plasma characteristic, It is possible to extract only a specific wavelength component from the light emitted from the reaction region and convert it into an electrical signal.
- the photodetector 180 may be arranged at a position where only a specific wavelength component of the spectral light that has been split passes. If there are multiple desired wavelength components, place multiple photodetectors at positions corresponding to the desired wavelength components.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of a spectroscopic measurement apparatus having such a function.
- an optical fiber 108 A is connected to the spectrometer 600.
- This spectroscopic measurement apparatus 600 is a multi-system spectroscopic measurement unit 610A, 610B, 610C for measuring the intensity of light of a wavelength (hereinafter simply referred to as “selected wavelength”) selected in advance according to the object to be measured. , ... have 610N.
- the selected wavelengths include light from OH *, light from CH *, light from CN *, and C * Arising from
- the two wavelengths used for the calculation of the light wavelength, etc., and the temperature and concentration of the soot are selected.
- a wavelength other than the selected wavelength is selected as the wavelength of the laser beam.
- the spectroscopic measurement unit 610A is disposed on the optical axis of the light emitted from the optical fiber 108A so as to form a predetermined angle with respect to this optical axis, and includes light of a predetermined band including the selected wavelength of the spectroscopic measurement unit 61OA.
- Dichroic mirror 612A and dichroic mirror 612A that have reflection characteristics with respect to the components and have transmission characteristics with respect to light components in other wavelength bands including the wavelength of the laser beam and the spectroscopic measurement unit 610A.
- a photodetector 6 16 A disposed on the opposite side of the dichroic mirror 612A across the filter 614A on the optical axis of the light reflected by the dichroic mirror 612A.
- the configuration of the spectroscopic measurement units 610B, 610C,..., 610N is also the same as that of the spectroscopic measurement unit 610A. However, the wavelength characteristics of the dichroic mirror and the filter are selected according to the selected wavelength.
- the spectrometer 600 operates as follows. That is, when light is incident from the optical fiber 108A, the light is split by the dichroic mirrors 612A, 612B, 612C,. Of the dispersed light components, the components in the wavelength band near the selected wavelength pass through the filters 614A, 614B, 614C, ..., 614N, respectively, and the photodetectors 616A, 616B, 616C, ..., 616N Reach lj. Each of the photodetectors 616A, 616B, 616C,..., 616N sequentially converts the reached light component into a measurement signal 112A and outputs it.
- the signal processing device 114 performs determination and analysis based on the measurement signal 112A output in this manner, peak detection and other processing are performed in a wavelength band other than the vicinity of the selected wavelength. There is no need to do it. Since the amount of information to be processed decreases, signal processing becomes efficient and high-speed processing becomes possible.
- the photodetectors 616A, 616B, 616C, 6N The output signal does not necessarily include information on the light receiving position.
- a photomultiplier tube or the like may be applied as the photodetectors 616A, 616B, 616C,.
- Photomultiplier tubes have higher time response than image sensors such as CCDs, so measurement with high time resolution is possible.
- output signals may be amplified separately and the amplified signal may be output as measurement signal 112A. However, in that case, it is necessary to set the reference value stored in the reference value storage unit 336 shown in FIG. 6 to a value according to the amplification factor of the signal.
- the temperature and concentration analysis processing based on the continuous spectral pattern, the analysis processing based on the peak, and the spectral data storage unit 30 shown in FIG. It was configured to be executed at a stage after being stored in 2. However, for these analysis processes that do not require statistical processing in the time direction, every time spectral data corresponding to a certain time is generated, an analysis based on the spectral data at that time is executed. Also good. Furthermore, the analysis process may be executed in real time. Furthermore, the analysis result obtained by such real-time processing may be output in real time.
- the power for explaining the processing for the continuous spectrum pattern mainly caused by the bright flame in the combustion reaction provides a continuous spectral pattern even in various other reactions. Judgment and analysis processing can be selected based on the judgment. For example, in a reaction in which a reaction region is irradiated with a laser beam or the like, and a substance or the like in the region is turned into plasma, light having a continuous spectrum pattern is generated at the earliest stage of the reaction, particularly in a short wavelength region. May occur. Even in such a case, it is possible to appropriately detect the initial stage of the reaction by appropriately selecting the first wavelength component and the second wavelength component and the reference value for determination. Also, at the initial stage detected in this way! /, The peak analysis process should not be executed.
- the output unit 316 converts the determination result by the spectrum pattern determination unit 304 and the determination result of knocking by the peak analysis unit 310 into information on the state of the measurement region 102.
- the measurement target information held in the analysis result storage unit 312 was read out and output.
- the signal processing unit 114 may further generate and output new information by combining the information to be output by the output unit 316. For example, if the reaction area is an area where repeated reactions occur in a certain cycle, such as a combustion chamber of an automobile engine, the analysis results are combined based on the information stored in the measurement target information storage unit 312. Then, information representing the relationship between the analysis results and the reaction cycle may be generated and output.
- the analysis results may be compared with each other or the correlation may be analyzed to generate and output information representing the relationship between the analysis results.
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic configuration of the measurement system according to the present embodiment.
- This system includes an optical element 104, an optical fiber cable 106, and a reaction analysis device 114 that are the same as those in FIG. 1, a spectroscopic measurement device 702 that is directly connected to the optical fiber cable 106, a spectroscopic measurement device 702, and a reaction analysis.
- Signal distributor 708 connected to device 114
- FIG. 14 shows the internal configuration of the spectroscopic measurement apparatus 702.
- the spectroscopic measurement apparatus 702 has the same configuration as the spectroscopic measurement apparatus 110A shown in FIG. However, in the spectroscopic measurement apparatus 702, the optical fiber cable 106 is directly connected instead of connecting the optical fiber 108A to the spectroscopic measurement apparatus 110A. In the optical fiber cable 106, the optical fibers 108A to 108N are bundled in a line. The optical diffraction grating 176 is connected to the spectroscopic measurement device 702 so as to be aligned in a line parallel to the direction in which the slits extend.
- the signal 704 output from the spectroscopic measurement device 702 is a superimposition of spectroscopic measurement results relating to light from a plurality of object points (O1 to On in FIG. 3) in the reaction region 102.
- the signal distributor 706 shown in FIG. 13 divides the signal 704 in the time direction based on a predetermined external signal 706 and the periodicity of the signal 704 from the spectroscopic measurement device 702, thereby obtaining an object point O; Signals 112A to 112N corresponding to ⁇ On are generated.
- the external signal here is, for example, a signal indicating the number, order, etc. of the optical fibers bundled in the optical fiber cable 106.
- FIG. 15 schematically shows the concept of generation of signals 112A to 112N by signal division in the time direction.
- reaction zone a belt-like reaction region
- Optical fiber corresponding to the passing object point The intensity 722 of light introduced into the 108A to 108N becomes stronger when the reaction zone 720 passes through the object points Ol to On, respectively. Therefore, there is a time difference between the light introduced from the optical fibers A to N into the spectroscopic measurement device 702.
- the measurement result 704 by the spectroscopic measurement device is a superposition of these, and is a signal that repeats the maximum period (A;!
- the signal distributor 708 divides the signal 704 in the time direction at a timing (T1 to ⁇ ) at which the intensity of the signal 704 is minimized. Based on the external signal 706, the divided signals are output as signals 114 to ⁇ ⁇ corresponding to the optical fibers 108 to ⁇ .
- FIG. 16 shows a schematic configuration of a measurement system 800 according to a modification example of the present embodiment.
- This measurement system 800 has four optical elements 104P to 104S and optical fiber cables 106P to 106S connected to them.
- predetermined ones optical fibers 108nP to 108nS
- the bundle fiber 802 is connected to the same spectroscopic measurement device 702 as shown in FIG.
- the spectroscopic measurement device 702 is connected to the reaction analysis device 114 via the signal divider 804.
- the external signal 806 input to the signal distributor 804 is, for example, a signal representing the number, order, etc. of the optical elements.
- the crank angle information may be used as the external signal 806.
- optical elements 104P to 104S are installed in each cylinder of the engine.
- the signal distributor 804 receives a crank angle signal as the external signal 806.
- ignition occurs in one of the cylinders while the crank rotates 180 degrees.
- Combustion triggered by ignition ends between the time of ignition and the rotation of the crank by 180 degrees. All the cylinders burn once, while the crank rotates 720 degrees.
- the order of the cylinders that perform ignition is determined in advance. Therefore, one of the four cylinders is burning.
- the signal 704 contains the result of the spectroscopic measurement of the light generated by the combustion for four cylinders. However, as described above, one of the four cylinders is burning, so there is no signal overlap. Na Yes.
- the signal distributor 804 is a section where the crank angle is 0 degrees to 180 degrees, and a section where the crank angle is 180 degrees to 360 degrees, when the ignition angle is 0 degrees in any one of the four cylinders. Divide the signal into 360 to 540 degrees and 540 to 720 degrees. Then, each of the divided signals is given the number of the cylinder in which combustion is performed in that section, and signals 112P to S are generated. These signals 112P to S are given to the reaction analyzer 114. As a result, the reaction analysis device 114 performs a reaction analysis for each cylinder.
- the measurement system 800 realizes spectroscopic measurement and reaction analysis for each cylinder of a multi-cylinder engine with one spectroscopic measurement device. This contributes to downsizing and cost reduction of the measurement system. In addition, since the number of spectroscopic measurement devices that are vulnerable to vibration and the number of components are reduced, it is possible to reduce the variation in results due to individual differences in spectroscopic measurement devices. This measurement system 800 makes it possible to collectively measure and analyze various information related to the combustion reaction of each cylinder. In addition, by comparing the results of reaction analysis for each cylinder, it is possible to obtain information on variations and fluctuations between cylinders.
- a spectrometer 600 shown in FIG. 12 may be used instead of the spectrometer 700. In this case, the optical fibers do not need to be arranged in a line.
- the signal distributor 708 may be incorporated in the reaction analyzer. For example, the time division of the signal performed by the signal distributor 708 when reading data from the spectral data storage unit 302 shown in FIG. 6 may be performed.
- FIG. 17 shows a schematic configuration of a measurement system 900 in this embodiment.
- This measurement system 900 includes a signal received in accordance with the emission intensity of a specific wavelength component represented by the signal 704 on the signal path between the spectrometer 702 and the signal distributor 708 of the spectrometer 700 shown in FIG.
- a processing selector 902 for selecting an output destination is arranged.
- the processing selector 902 emits light of a specific wavelength component (specifically, the wavelength component of the laser beam).
- a signal for a predetermined period (period during which the breakdown is performed by the laser) from the detected time point is output as a signal 904, and other signals are output to the signal distributor 708.
- the processing selector 902 selects the signal output destination based on the signal from the spectroscopic measurement device, but outputs a signal for a predetermined period as the signal 904 from the time when the signal from the outside is received. It may be. For example, a trigger signal for laser irradiation may be received.
- the optical element 104 is arranged toward the position where the discharge is performed, and the spark plug or the discharge electrode is connected. If the measurement value of the flowing current is supplied to the processing selector, the result of the spectroscopic measurement of light emission due to the discharge can be output as the signal 904.
- the relative intensity when the relative intensity is equal to or less than the predetermined range, it may be determined that the light is emitted by braking radiation, and thereafter, the LIBS analysis may be performed on the measurement result within the predetermined period.
- LIBS measurement is performed during the period from the formation of the initial flame kernel after bremsstrahlung to ignition, and after that, processing such as knocking determination and flame zone measurement is performed. You can do it.
- LIBS and SIBS are not analysis methods limited to analysis in the reaction region where combustion occurs. For example, by applying high energy to the surface of a solid or liquid by laser light, electric discharge or the like, various analyzes such as component analysis on the solid or liquid, structure of molecules or crystals, and the like can be performed. It is also possible to perform SIBS or LIBS for plasma by introducing higher energy into a plasma with low energy density such as weakly ionized plasma. Various well-known techniques can be used for processing the spectral spectrum in LIBS or SIBS. In addition, various well-known techniques can be used for spectral spectrum processing in LIBS or SIBS. These processing functions can also be realized by computers, data and computer programs. Therefore, it is possible to incorporate a function unit for performing these processes in the reaction analyzer.
- the intensity ratio of the first wavelength component and the second wavelength component is exemplified as the relative intensity, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the distribution with the wavelength and the intensity value as the axes is exemplified.
- the angle between the position corresponding to the intensity value of the first wavelength component and the position corresponding to the intensity value of the second wavelength component to the wavelength axis May be used instead of the relative strength.
- the measurement and analysis of the reaction region was performed by the measurement system having the reaction analysis device, but the output from the measurement system related to the reaction region may be used for controlling the reaction region. Good.
- the output from the measurement system is converted to the input value corresponding to this output uniquely.
- a function or a predetermined map is used to convert a conversion unit into an input value that becomes a control amount, and an adjustment unit that adjusts a reaction region so as to be in a state corresponding to the input value.
- the control apparatus which has it should just be used with a measurement system.
- Input values are position, course, altitude, attitude, direction, dimensions, volume, angle, flow rate, density, linear velocity, angular velocity, acceleration, mechanical force, stress, fluid pressure, torque, amplitude, frequency, phase, quantity Physicochemical variables, components, mixing ratio, humidity, temperature, viscosity, light quantity, color, charge, voltage, current, magnetic flux density, dose, etc.
- the input values are intake air amount, intake air humidity, oxidant supply pressure, mixing ratio of components in the oxidant, fuel supply amount, fuel supply speed, fuel supply position.
- Fuel supply direction Fuel supply timing, fuel particle size, fuel penetration, mixing, valve timing, relative time difference between valves, ignition timing, input energy for ignition, swirl strength, tumble strength ,
- the strength of the turbulence of the working fluid in the vicinity of the spark plug the type of instrument to be operated, the number of instruments to be operated, the arrangement of the instruments to be operated, the exhaust gas recirculation amount, the temperature of the exhaust gas being recirculated, the exhaust pipe pressure, It may be burn, qualitative component of exhaust, quantitative component of exhaust, vibration of pressure wave, and so on.
- the conversion from the output of the control system to these input values and the adjustment of the state of the reaction region based on the input values are performed by a control method generally performed using, for example, an engine control unit (ECU) or a carburettor. It is feasible.
- ECU engine control unit
- carburettor carburettor
- the present invention can be used for measurement, analysis, error detection, reaction analysis, diagnosis, and the like of the reaction in general technology using combustion or plasma reaction.
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Description
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Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020097009963A KR101331437B1 (ko) | 2006-11-17 | 2007-11-17 | 반응 해석 장치, 기록 매체, 계측 시스템, 및 제어 시스템 |
| EP07832059.5A EP2085767A4 (en) | 2006-11-17 | 2007-11-17 | REACTION ANALYZER, RECORDING MEDIUM, MEASUREMENT SYSTEM, AND CONTROL SYSTEM |
| CN2007800426657A CN101535797B (zh) | 2006-11-17 | 2007-11-17 | 反应分析装置及测量系统 |
| JP2008544216A JP5311305B2 (ja) | 2006-11-17 | 2007-11-17 | 反応解析装置、記録媒体、計測システム及び制御システム |
| US12/514,533 US8758689B2 (en) | 2006-11-17 | 2007-11-17 | Reaction analysis apparatus, recording medium, measurement system and control system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JPPCT/JP2006/323030 | 2006-11-17 | ||
| PCT/JP2006/323030 WO2008059598A1 (fr) | 2006-11-17 | 2006-11-17 | Dispositif d'analyse de réaction, support d'enregistrement et système de mesure |
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| WO2008059976A1 true WO2008059976A1 (fr) | 2008-05-22 |
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| PCT/JP2007/072329 Ceased WO2008059976A1 (fr) | 2006-11-17 | 2007-11-17 | Analyseur de réaction, support d'enregistrement, système de mesure et système de commande |
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Country Status (5)
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| US (1) | US8758689B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2085767A4 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101331437B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101535797B (ja) |
| WO (2) | WO2008059598A1 (ja) |
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| JP2011123031A (ja) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガス成分計測装置及び方法 |
| JP2013113183A (ja) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-06-10 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | レーザ着火エンジン及びレーザ着火エンジンにおける混合気の調整方法 |
| WO2013099923A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-04 | イマジニアリング株式会社 | ガス濃度推定装置 |
| JPWO2013099923A1 (ja) * | 2011-12-28 | 2015-05-07 | イマジニアリング株式会社 | ガス濃度推定装置 |
| JP2015099055A (ja) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-05-28 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | 燃焼解析装置 |
| JP2022079168A (ja) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-05-26 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 空気比調整方法、空気比調整システム及びプログラム |
| JP2022079171A (ja) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-05-26 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 空気比推定システム、空気比推定方法及びプログラム |
| JP2022170219A (ja) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-11-10 | 国立研究開発法人 海上・港湾・航空技術研究所 | すすの排出特性評価方法及びすすの排出特性評価システム |
| JP7659811B2 (ja) | 2021-04-28 | 2025-04-10 | 国立研究開発法人 海上・港湾・航空技術研究所 | すすの排出特性評価方法及びすすの排出特性評価システム |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101535797A (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
| KR20090082893A (ko) | 2009-07-31 |
| US8758689B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
| CN101535797B (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
| EP2085767A1 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
| US20100055001A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
| WO2008059598A1 (fr) | 2008-05-22 |
| EP2085767A4 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
| KR101331437B1 (ko) | 2013-11-21 |
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