WO2008069251A1 - バイオマスからの液体燃料製造装置および製造方法 - Google Patents
バイオマスからの液体燃料製造装置および製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008069251A1 WO2008069251A1 PCT/JP2007/073523 JP2007073523W WO2008069251A1 WO 2008069251 A1 WO2008069251 A1 WO 2008069251A1 JP 2007073523 W JP2007073523 W JP 2007073523W WO 2008069251 A1 WO2008069251 A1 WO 2008069251A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for synthesizing liquid fuel using biomass such as vegetation as a raw material and a manufacturing method.
- biomass is used as the raw material, and synthetic gas (H + CO) power obtained by gasifying this, methanol, DME (dimethyl ether), or FT (Fisher) It is possible to obtain liquid fuels such as hydrocarbons by the “Tropsch” method.
- synthetic gas (H + CO) power obtained by gasifying this, methanol, DME (dimethyl ether), or FT (Fisher)
- liquid fuels such as hydrocarbons by the “Tropsch” method.
- the advantages of these liquid fuels synthesized from biomass are: (1) fuel that stores solar energy and is recyclable; and (2) biomass as a raw material is not ubiquitous worldwide and in the future (3) Excellent storage and portability, (4) Does not increase CO in the atmosphere, is clean and does not contain sulfur, Etc.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is a review of the prior art (however, large equipment) by the present inventors.
- the process for producing liquid fuel from synthesis gas obtained by gasification of biomass is basically the same process as liquid fuel production using fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal. That is, the production method using natural gas as a raw material can be broadly classified as follows. After the synthesis gas and the like of carbon and hydrogen, a step of excluding unwanted substances such as impurities and C_ ⁇ 2 such as sulfur in the synthesis gas, reacting the resulting synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst liquid fuel It consists of the process of converting to a fuel and the process of refining liquid fuel into the desired fuel properties to produce a product.
- the current methanol synthesis equipment using natural gas as a raw material has a production scale of 1,000-2,000 tons / day and is operated at a high pressure of 5 MPa or more, most of which is 6 MPa or more from the viewpoint of energy efficiency and economy.
- the biomass production density is not so large, and the scale of methanol production is one to four orders of magnitude smaller than this.
- An easy low-pressure operation methanol production method and production apparatus are desired.
- Patent Document 2 The technology of Patent Document 2 is already known as a low-pressure methanol manufacturing technology that is small and easy to operate.
- This is proposed by the present inventors and discloses a methanol synthesis apparatus in which a plurality of methanol synthesis reactors are connected in series.
- the present invention although it is shown that the same operation is repeated in multiple stages, since there are a plurality of reactors, it is not easy to adjust all the stages to an appropriate temperature for the reaction.
- the reactors are arranged vertically from top to bottom, when replacing the catalyst, the reactors in all stages must be disassembled in the vertical arrangement, which requires time for maintenance and causes problems in the operation schedule. I was close.
- the temperature control devices are arranged in parallel in all stages, there is a drawback that the apparatus becomes complicated.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-051718
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-132739
- Non-patent document 1 Syngas production from vegetation biomass and liquid fuel synthesis, Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy, Vol. 81, No. 12, pl063-1068
- the present invention provides a method for producing liquid fuel using synthetic gas obtained by gasifying biomass such as vegetation as a raw material, and is small and excellent in operability and sufficiently high in low pressure operation.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ For the purpose of providing a liquid fuel synthesizer that achieves a liquid fuel yield!
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid fuel production apparatus including a biomass gasifier having high compatibility with a liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus.
- a liquid fuel production method of the present invention is a method for producing a liquid fuel from a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide obtained by gasification of a biomass, wherein the synthesis gas is 0.5 to 5 MPa.
- First step of synthesizing liquid fuel by contacting with catalyst under high pressure second step of liquefying and recovering the obtained liquid fuel gas and separating it from unreacted synthesis gas, unreacted synthesis Liquid fuel gas is synthesized by reacting the gas again with the catalyst under pressure of 0.5 to 5 MPa.
- the third step, and the first step and the third step are repeated.
- Liquid fuels include liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as methane, ethane, and propane, and alcohol fuels such as methanol.
- the liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus from biomass according to the present invention includes a plurality of reactors and a plurality of coolers arranged in series, and the reactor and the cooler are reacted with a synthesis gas supply pipe. It is connected to each other through a gas outlet pipe, and the cooler is provided with a liquid fuel recovery pipe.
- An apparatus for producing liquid fuel from biomass according to the present invention includes a biomass feed hopper, a gasification reaction apparatus, and a liquid fuel synthesis apparatus.
- the gasification reaction apparatus includes a secondary gasification reaction tube and a secondary gasification
- a primary gasification reaction chamber having a gasification agent supply line connected to the reaction tube is arranged inside, and the liquid fuel synthesizer consists of a plurality of reactors and a plurality of coolers arranged in series.
- the reactor and the cooler are connected to each other via a synthesis gas supply pipe and a reaction gas outlet pipe, the cooler is provided with a liquid fuel recovery pipe, and the biomass supply hopper is a primary gas
- the gasification reactor is connected to the gasification reactor via the biomass supply line, and the gasification reactor is connected to the liquid fuel synthesizer via the synthesis raw material gas supply line!
- the liquid fuel production method of the present invention repeatedly performs liquid fuel gas synthesis using synthesis gas and a liquid fuel synthesis catalyst, liquefaction of the synthesized liquid fuel gas, and separation operation of unreacted synthesis gas.
- the synthesized liquid fuel gas is removed from the reaction system every time it is synthesized.
- the liquid fuel gas is a hydrocarbon gas, and the equilibrium relationship of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction shown in the following equation is advanced in the direction of the arrow. By repeating this multiple times, the synthesis yield of hydrocarbon gas can be increased.
- the catalyst used in the Fischer-Tropsch reaction is generally an iron or cobalt compound.
- a cobalt-supported catalyst can be obtained by impregnating silica gel with cobalt nitrate, drying and calcining at 400 ° C. for 2 hours.
- methanol synthesis is operated at a high pressure of 200 to 260 ° C, 5 MPa or more, and most of 6 MPa or more, mainly using a copper-zinc catalyst.
- the reason why the synthesis is performed under high pressure is that the yield of methanol, that is, the conversion rate of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to methanol is low under low pressure conditions due to the equilibrium relationship of the methanol synthesis reaction using a catalyst.
- high-pressure operation with a small-sized synthesizer with large equipment increases the burden of equipment such as pumps, and it is desirable to avoid it if it can be done safely.
- liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus of the present invention a plurality of reactors filled with a catalyst and a plurality of coolers are arranged in series, and the reactor and the coolers include a synthesis gas supply pipe and a reaction gas outlet pipe.
- the cooler is provided with a liquid fuel recovery pipe.
- the liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus of the present invention can increase the synthesis yield of liquid fuel even under a low pressure.
- the catalyst contained in the reactor is not particularly limited, but is a catalyst used in methanol synthesis, for example, zinc oxide, Cu / ZnO, Al 2 O, ZrO, copper 'zinc' aluminum 'germanium / manganese series Mention may be made of catalysts.
- the synthesis gas separated in the final reactor still contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons, which are circulated and reused as synthesis gas or used as gas fuel. May be.
- the cooler is not particularly limited, so long as it has a function of cooling the gaseous liquid fuel obtained by the reaction below the liquefaction temperature, a good gas refrigerant exchanges heat with the liquid refrigerant, or a cooler. May be placed in a cooling tank filled with cooling water at a predetermined temperature or lower. Gaseous methanol is cooled to below the liquefaction temperature with a cooler and liquefied. The liquefied liquid fuel is removed from the reaction system through the liquid fuel recovery pipe and recovered.
- the liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus of the present invention is characterized by having temperature adjusting means for adjusting the reactor to an appropriate temperature.
- the reactors are juxtaposed in a temperature-controlled room.
- the synthesized gaseous liquid fuel is liquefied by cooling and unreacted. Separated from the synthesis gas and recovered. Unreacted hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the separated synthesis gas are sent to the next reactor and further synthesized into liquid fuel gas. However, even if the unreacted synthesis gas cooled by the cooler is sent to the next reactor, a low-temperature part is locally generated and the proper synthesis reaction does not proceed. Therefore, it is important to warm the synthesis gas to the proper temperature at the reactor inlet. Specifically, although not limited, it is desirable to install a heat exchanger in front of the reactor or store the reactor in a temperature-controlled room to perform stable temperature adjustment. .
- the reactor may be one in which the temperature inside the reactor is maintained at an appropriate temperature by heat exchange of the reaction heat generated by the synthesis reaction to the surrounding atmosphere.
- water vapor generated in a low-pressure boiler that may be a gas medium or air may be used.
- the heat radiation capacity may be enhanced by increasing the circulation flow rate with a circulator by changing the water vapor to 10 atm or less.
- the water vapor is 10 atmospheres or less, the water vapor that is absorbed from the heat and discharged from the temperature-controlled room is cooled outside the temperature-controlled room! You can circulate! /
- the methanol synthesis reaction involves a large exotherm (21.7 kcal for the production of 1 mol of methanol), so it is necessary to remove the generated heat and maintain a constant reaction temperature. Since this heat removal method affects the overall energy efficiency, various methods are being tried.
- the typical method currently used in industry is called the Taenti method. This is a method of introducing a cold source gas. While this method is simple, the gas flow rate increases, the flow resistance loss increases, and a large amount of catalyst is required. On the other hand, in the case of the small apparatus targeted by the present invention, the situation differs from that of the large apparatus.
- the liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus of the present invention has an inner temperature of an appropriate temperature by exchanging the reaction heat generated by the synthesis reaction to the surrounding atmosphere by setting the outer diameter of the reactor to 20 cm or less, for example.
- a plurality of reactors maintained at the same temperature and a plurality of temperature adjusting means for adjusting the gas temperature at the reactor inlet to an appropriate temperature are juxtaposed in the same temperature-controlled room.
- the diameter of the reactor is set to 20 cm or less, preferably 15 cm or less. If the diameter is large, it is difficult to control the temperature up to the inside, and the central part may be overheated due to reaction heat. Because. If the diameter is too small, the number of reactors becomes large or the reactor height becomes high, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.
- the internal cross-sectional area of the reactor is proportional to the square of the tube diameter, but the surface area of the outer wall of the tube is only proportional to the tube diameter. Therefore, the thinner the tube diameter, the better the heat dissipation, but there are difficulties in filling the catalyst. Therefore, in order to increase the heat dissipating capacity per catalyst volume inside the reactor, a non-catalytic space that is not filled with catalyst in the axial direction of the reactor may be provided at an appropriate interval and length.
- a shell tube heat exchanger type boiler in which the reactor or the constant temperature chamber is cooled by boiler water may be applied.
- a reactor is installed on the tube side, boiler water flows on the chenille side, and the boiler water itself is provided with a liquid level control and a pressure control valve in the line for releasing the discharged steam to keep the pressure constant.
- the temperature on the shell side is kept at the saturation temperature of the steam. Specifically, if the reactor side temperature is about 250 ° C and the boiler side temperature is about 230 ° C, the pressure in the shell will be about 28 atmospheres.
- the heating means and the reactors of each stage are placed in parallel on the same floor surface, when the catalyst deteriorates, only the corresponding reactors are opened from the top.
- the catalyst can be exchanged, and there is a great advantage in maintenance. Also easy to assemble
- a biomass supply hopper for producing synthesis gas and a gasification reaction apparatus are connected to the liquid fuel synthesis apparatus.
- the gasification reaction apparatus is configured such that the gasification space does not actively supply oxygen to the gasification space in which water vapor is supplied to the pulverized biomass supplied from the biomass supply hopper to cause the gasification reaction, and the partition wall is formed by the gasification space.
- the crushed biomass which is cut off from the external heating space, is heated mainly by heat transfer due to radiation, and the heat is used as reaction heat to cause gasification of water vapor and biomass.
- the gasification reaction apparatus includes a primary gasification reaction chamber having a primary gasification reaction chamber having a secondary gasification reaction tube and a gasification agent supply line connected to the secondary gasification reaction tube. It is connected to the biomass reaction chamber via a biomass supply line and a biomass supply hopper, and is further connected to a liquid fuel synthesizer via a synthesis gas supply pipe.
- the synthesis gas obtained by the gasification reaction apparatus is obtained in a clean state that contains a large amount of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas necessary for liquid fuel synthesis and does not contain tar, the synthesis yield of the liquid fuel However, it is possible to operate the equipment with high stability and few mechanical problems.
- biomass is gasified by converting wood into chips and supplying it to a fixed bed or fluidized bed gasification furnace, which is gasified with a gasifying agent of (O + H 2 O).
- a gasifying agent of (O + H 2 O) oxygen and wood are burned to generate hot gas, and the remaining wood is pyrolyzed by this hot gas.
- This method generates a large amount of polymer tar that causes trouble with less effective hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
- liquid fuel synthesis is very difficult when using biomass that has only one-half to one-third the heat of fossil fuels.
- the present inventors finely pulverize biomass raw materials by a new gasification method, and extremely reduce the oxygen concentration of the gasifying agent composed of (O + HO) to finally reduce the oxygen concentration to zero. , Succeeded in obtaining high calorie gas by using a spouted bed (floating state of fine particles).
- the bench-scale experimental device using this method can be used without any tar soot. It was also demonstrated that a colorless and transparent clean gas containing a large amount of effective hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane was obtained, and that liquid fuel could be synthesized from them.
- the raw materials were sweet sorghum dried and finely pulverized, and dried powder of microalgae Spirulina, and the methanol yield determined from the gas composition was 49% and 60% by weight with respect to the raw material. Even with a yield that assumes an actual plant, 50% can be expected by subtracting plant power. Since the calorific value of methanol is higher than the calorific value of biomass, a 50% weight yield corresponds to a 60% calorie yield when evaluated on a calorific value basis.
- the raw material is finely pulverized, so that not only woody species but also herbs are used as raw materials. Of course, it does not stick to sugar and starch like fermentation.
- the methanol production apparatus of the present invention uses hydrogen obtained by electrolyzing water by the power of renewable energy other than biomass in order to improve the yield of methanol per raw material biomass. It is characterized by making up for.
- the methanol production apparatus of the present invention uses hydrogen obtained by electrolyzing water by the power of renewable energy other than biomass in order to improve the yield of methanol per raw biomass.
- the synthesis gas obtained from the biomass contains carbon dioxide in addition to hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
- the catalyst of the methanol reactor is a catalyst that can be used for the synthesis reaction using carbon dioxide as a raw material, as will be described later.
- the synthesis yield of liquid fuel gas is high regardless of low-pressure operation, and it is related to the temperature maintenance and cooling of the methanol synthesis reaction.
- the biomass gasification reactor of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a synthesis gas suitable for liquid fuel gas synthesis, which increases the yield of liquid fuel and increases the operational stability and reliability of the entire system. effective. Furthermore, by adding hydrogen gas obtained by electrolysis of water by natural energy to the synthesis gas and using it for liquid fuel gas synthesis, the resulting synthesis gas increases the content of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. There is an effect to make it s .
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a fuel gas synthesizer according to a multistage basic experiment according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the methanol conversion rate of the multistage basic experimental apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an example of a fuel gas synthesis device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 shows an outline of a process flow according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of an entire gasification reaction apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a high-temperature thermal gas generator that is a component of a gasification reaction device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a biomass gasification reaction device that is a component of the gasification reaction device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing a synthesis gas composition ratio at a gasification reaction temperature of 900 ° C. of the gasification reaction apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of an entire gasification reaction apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multistage liquid fuel synthesis basic experiment apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- Liquid fuel synthesizers typically have multiple reactors 2 with 3 to 10 stages. It consists of. In the example in this figure, it consists of 5 stages. These are arranged in series with the gas flow.
- a synthesis gas supply pipe 4 is connected to the upstream side of the reactor 2, and a reaction gas outlet pipe is connected to the downstream side.
- Syngas which is a raw material for synthesizing liquid fuel, is supplied to the reactor 2 from the synthesis gas supply pipe 4.
- Synthetic raw material gas supply line A is connected to the most upstream reactor 2 to supply synthetic gas.
- Reactor 2 that synthesizes liquid fuel is generally filled with copper and zinc-based catalysts for methanol synthesis in the case of methanol synthesis, but in order to use carbon dioxide as methanol, copper, zinc, aluminum, germanium • Manganese catalysts are preferred.
- the synthesis reaction is exothermic, but the reaction temperature is maintained at 150-300 ° C by heat dissipation from the reactor 2 vessel surface.
- the reaction gas contains methanol as a vapor, and the reaction gas sent from the reaction gas outlet pipe 5 to the cooler 3 is cooled by the cooler 3, so that the contained methanol vapor is converted into liquid methanol and liquid fuel is recovered.
- 50 is a cooling water supply line, and 51 is a discharge line.
- C + represents one containing two or more carbon atoms in one molecule such as ethylene and ethane.
- This gas was introduced as a raw material for methanol synthesis into the methanol synthesis test apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the reaction tube is a stainless steel pressure-resistant reaction tube with an inner diameter of 67 mm and a height of 220 mm in five stages.
- Each reaction tube was provided with a metal soot, and 350 cc of a copper-zinc catalyst was filled therein.
- the supply gas flow rate was 2N1 / min.
- the gas flow is the same as that shown in Fig. 1.
- the outlet of each stage is equipped with a reservoir that cools the reacted gas and collects methanol as a liquid.
- the reaction pressure was adjusted to 0.9 MPa, and the reaction temperature was adjusted to 200-220 ° C in all five stages with a heater for heating around the reaction tube.
- the reaction temperature is usually set in the range of 150 ° C and 300 ° C
- Figure 2 summarizes the above experimental results by methanol conversion.
- Figure 2 compares performance B when methanol is synthesized in a multi-stage system, performance C without cooling function without flowing cooling water to the cooler, and performance C with single-stage extraction.
- Single-stage extraction C is below the equilibrium conversion curve A, whereas multi-stage extraction B is much higher than curve A. In other words, it was possible to obtain more methanol by adjusting the chemical equilibrium even with low pressure operation suitable for small devices.
- Experiment 2 was conducted to confirm the usefulness of adding a water electrolysis hydrogen production system using natural energy such as hydropower and wind power.
- hydrogen gas from water electrolysis was simulated, and the hydrogen gas from the purchased cylinder was additionally supplied to the supply gas of experiment 1 above in an amount of 0.4 N1 / min, and the molar ratio of H / CO. was adjusted to 2.0 which is optimal for methanol synthesis.
- the other systems and equipment are the same as in Experiment 1.
- 24.lg that is, about 40% increase in methanol of Experimental Example 1 was obtained in 60 minutes.
- a copper / zinc / aluminum / germanium / manganese catalyst was used as the methanol synthesis catalyst.
- C_ ⁇ 2 is not a major raw material for methanol synthesis, a catalyst (e.g., copper-zinc -.. Aluminum germanium manganese) which also be made as a raw material by. Shown in the reaction formula,
- 0.77 kg of methanol can be obtained from 1 kg of biomass.
- FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus that plays a main role in the present invention.
- the liquid fuel synthesizer consists of a stainless steel reactor 2 with a built-in catalyst, a cooler 3 that cools the synthesized liquid fuel gas and extracts liquid methanol, and an unreacted gas after liquid methanol is recovered. It comprises temperature adjusting means 7 that adjusts the synthesis gas containing the components to the reaction temperature suitable for the synthesis by heat exchange, and these are configured in multiple stages in series along the gas flow, and the temperature adjusting means 7 and the reactor 2 Is housed in a temperature-controlled room 8 with a heat insulating structure surrounded by heat insulating material.
- the cooler 3 is a cooling tank located below the temperature-controlled room 8 53 It is contained in the inside.
- the temperature S and the cooling tank are arranged in the upper and lower stages, and for these both, the plane arrangement is suitable for convenience, and if it is convenient, it can be arranged next to each other.
- the temperature-controlled room 8 is set to an appropriate temperature of 150 to 300 ° C by the temperature-controlled room temperature controller 54 using air and combustion gas.
- 55 is an air supply line
- 56 is a combustion gas supply line
- 57 is an air and combustion gas discharge line.
- the cooling bath 53 is held by cooling water at a normal pressure liquefaction temperature of methanol of 60 ° C. or lower.
- Reference numeral 58 is the cooling water supply line
- reference numeral 59 is the discharge line.
- Syngas which is a raw material of methanol, is supplied from a gasification reaction apparatus (not shown) via a synthesis raw material gas supply line A, and is heated to a predetermined temperature by a temperature adjusting means 7 in a temperature-controlled room 8. After that, it enters the reactor 2 and methanol gas is synthesized by the action of the catalyst.
- the methanol gas and unreacted synthesis gas are sent from the reaction gas outlet pipe 5 to the cooler 3, and only the methanol gas is extracted by liquefaction and recovered from the liquid fuel recovery pipe 6.
- unreacted synthesis gas is sent to the temperature adjusting means 7 in the next stage through the synthesis gas supply pipe 4 and further sent to the reactor 2.
- Reference numeral 60 denotes an unreacted synthesis gas outlet line.
- FIG. 4 shows an outline of a process flow according to the embodiment for carrying out the present invention.
- solid biomass is gasified to form a gas.
- Various types of biomass can be used.
- cellulose is included as a main component such as wood, building waste, bark, rice straw, agricultural waste such as bagasse, and firewood, but it is not particularly limited.
- As the gasifying agent water vapor, air, oxygen and the like are generally used.
- [0055] 205 is a supply line for biomass as a raw material
- 303 is a gasification agent supply line.
- water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the like can be used as the gasifying agent
- carbon dioxide is also an auxiliary agent for assisting in the decomposition and gasification of biomass.
- Reference numerals 101 and 201 denote a high-temperature hot gas generator and a gasification reactor, respectively.
- known methods such as a fixed bed type and a fluidized bed type can be used.
- Gasification generates valuable hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide such as methane, ethylene, and ethane, as well as hydrogen and carbon monoxide, which are raw materials for methanol synthesis.
- hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide such as methane, ethylene, and ethane
- hydrogen and carbon monoxide which are raw materials for methanol synthesis.
- sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide, and nitrogen compounds such as ammonia and hydrogen cyanide are formed.
- sulfur compounds are toxic to methanol synthesis catalysts, they are removed using a known absorbent or adsorbent as necessary. 400 is a cleanup device for that purpose.
- the gas thus obtained is once stored in a gas tank 406 and used as a raw material for methanol production.
- the synthesis gas is pressurized to 0.5-5 MPa by a pressure pump 405 and guided to the liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus 1.
- 6 is a liquid hydrocarbon recovery pipe
- 414 is a circulation line of unreacted gas to the gas tank.
- This gas contains unreacted hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons such as methane and ethylene, and carbon dioxide, so it can be used as fuel for gas engines and the like.
- the steam is reformed to hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and when the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide deviates from the range suitable for methanol synthesis. In some cases, the ratio is adjusted by a shift reactor, and the process is generally performed in the chemical industry.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration example of the entire liquid fuel production apparatus according to the third embodiment for carrying out the present invention.
- the liquid fuel production apparatus includes a biomass supply hopper 205, a gasification reaction apparatus 201, and a liquid fuel synthesis apparatus 1.
- the gasification reaction apparatus 201 includes therein a primary gasification reaction chamber 202 having a gasification agent supply line 303 connected to the secondary gasification reaction tube 203 and the secondary gasification reaction tube 203.
- the liquid fuel synthesizing apparatus 1 includes a plurality of reactors 2 (not shown in FIG. 5) and a plurality of coolers 3 (not shown in FIG. 5) arranged in series.
- the reactor 2 and the cooler 3 are connected to each other via a synthesis gas supply pipe 4 (not shown in FIG. 5) and a reaction gas outlet pipe 5 (not shown in FIG. 5).
- a liquid fuel recovery pipe 6 (not shown in FIG. 5) is provided.
- the biomass supply hopper 205 is connected to the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 via the biomass supply line 204 with the gasification reaction device 201.
- the gasification reaction apparatus 201 is connected to the liquid fuel synthesis apparatus 1 via the synthesis raw material gas supply line A! /.
- the biomass supply line 204 is composed of transfer means such as a belt competitor screw feeder.
- biomass crushed fuel is generated at high temperature hot gas generator 101 at 900 ° C
- a clean high-temperature combustion gas 109 exceeding 109 is sent to the gasification reactor 201, and the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 in the gasification reactor 201 and the secondary gasification reaction tube 203 connected thereto are connected from the outer wall surface. Heat.
- the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 is supplied with superheated steam generated in the waste heat boiler 301 from the bottom using exhaust gas 215, and is supplied with coarsely pulverized biomass from the top. Supply from line 204. Inside the primary gasification reaction chamber 202, coarsely pulverized biomass and superheated steam as a gasifying agent absorb radiation heat as chemical reaction heat from the gasification reaction chamber wall and combine it with the superheated steam reforming reaction. Gasification is performed. At this time, no catalyst is used.
- the synthesis gas produced in the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 contains tar. In order to further promote the soot gasification reaction, it is sent to the secondary gasification reaction tube 203 and then fuel as synthesis gas. It is sent to the gas tank 404 and stored temporarily. Between the fuel gas tank 404, a heat exchanger 401 for recovering waste heat, a cyclone 402 for removing ash / soot, a water press crane 403 for removing residual steam, and a pressure pump 405 are provided!
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the high-temperature hot gas generator 101.
- the combustion furnace 102 is a shaft type fixed bed, and a grate 103 is provided at the lower part of the combustion furnace.
- the biomass used as fuel has a suitable shape with a chip of about 10 cm, and this is dropped from the top of the combustion furnace 102.
- Combustion air supplies primary air 106 from the top, secondary air from the vicinity of the grate 103, and tertiary air 108 from the bottom of the grate 103.
- the flow of air or combustion gas in the combustion furnace 102 is a downward flow due to the fact that the high-temperature combustion gas 109 to be discharged is attracted to the chimney by the induction fan in the downstream part.
- the combustion in the combustion furnace reaches the maximum combustion temperature near the upper part of the grate 103, and the combustion gas containing some combustible gas enters the furnace bottom combustion chamber 111 under the grate! Achieve clean and complete combustion with tertiary air.
- the cleanliness of the gas properties of the high-temperature combustion gas 109 generated at this time is shown in the following example.
- the high-temperature hot gas generator 101 is provided with an air preheater 110 capable of heating combustion air 106, 107, 108 to a maximum of 450 ° C with the high-temperature combustion gas 109, and 60% Even a hydrous biomass chip of the above has a function that can be easily burned.
- the combustion in the grate 103 becomes a high temperature exceeding 1300 ° C, the grate 1 03 has a large number of secondary air 107 after cooling a part or all of the secondary air 107 inside the grate hardware. It has the characteristic of being ejected as combustion air from the air nozzle 104.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the gasification reaction apparatus 201.
- the inner surface of the outer wall of the gasification reactor 201 is surrounded by a heat insulating material 211.
- a primary gasification reaction chamber 202 and a secondary gasification reaction tube 203 connected to the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 are provided, and coarsely pulverized biomass is supplied to the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 from the biomass supply hopper 205.
- a supply line 204 (in this example, a screw feeder) drops and supplies from the top.
- superheated steam obtained in the waste heat boiler 301 is supplied as a biomass gasifying agent 213 from the bottom of the primary gasification reaction chamber 202.
- the high temperature combustion gas 109 is introduced into the gasification reaction apparatus 201 via the high temperature combustion gas supply line B, and the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 and the secondary gasification reaction tube 203 are heated.
- the coarsely pulverized biomass and the gasifying agent 213 undergo a chemical reaction by thermal radiation from the reaction chamber wall to produce synthesis gas 207 such as H, CO, CH, C H and CO.
- a porous plate 210 made of a ceramic foam material or a punched copper plate material is provided at the lower middle position in the primary gasification reaction chamber 202, and coarse particles of approximately 3 mm or more in the coarsely pulverized biomass are placed on the porous plate.
- the gasification reaction proceeds in a long time after stopping. Since the synthesis gas gasified in the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 may leave some soot 'tar, it is sent to the secondary gasification reaction tube 203 and the soot' tar residue is regenerated by the gasifying agent. Decomposed and gasified, finished into a clean synthesis gas and used as fuel gas. [0065] Fig.
- FIG. 8 shows the composition of the synthesis gas obtained by floating gasification of biomass in a biomass gasifier and gasification on a perforated plate 210 of coarse biomass in a biomass gasification apparatus according to the third mode for carrying out the present invention. It is a comparison.
- the lower graph shows the synthesis gas composition as 100%. Where ethylene H) is a carbon diatomic molecule.
- composition percentage was doubled to make the total carbon gas 100%.
- the upper graph shows the generated hydrogen (H 2) as a percentage of 100% carbonized gas. V and deviation were also performed under the conditions of a reaction chamber temperature of 900 ° C.
- the amount of hydrogen (H 2) in the upper stage is not only the hydrogen content of biomass such as C 2 H 2 O but also the biomass.
- hydrocarbon gas which is a biomass gasification component
- the gasification reaction progresses as the amount of hydrogen in the upper stage increases.
- the gasification reaction suspended in the gasification agent of 0.1, 0.6, 2.0 mm biomass particles It can be seen that the smaller the particle, the more difficult the gasification reaction proceeds when the particle that easily gasifies becomes larger.
- even a 10 mm class biomass can be gasified more than floating gasification by gasifying it on a perforated plate in a stopped state.
- the floating gasification reaction for floating fine particles is approximately 1 second or less, the coarse powder on the perforated plate requires several minutes of reaction time.
- FIG. 9 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG.
- Coarse powder parallel gas supply line 206 is connected to the mass supply hopper 205 so that the water vapor entering from the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 does not condense and cause an extra burden on the gasification reaction!
- the Coarse powder accompanying gas may be selected from nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, air or a mixture thereof, and the weight ratio of biomass to carbon dioxide is 2 ⁇ ; 15%, nitrogen is 2 ⁇ ; 10%, 2 to 5% in the case of air can be supplied in parallel to prevent the water vapor supplied to the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 from entering the biomass supply hopper 205, and the biomass in the biomass supply hopper 205 Can be prevented from being humidified.
- the selection of the coarse powder running gas may be performed in consideration of the use of the generated gas. For example, carbon dioxide is advantageous when the product gas is used for methanol synthesis.
- mixing an appropriate amount of nitrogen into the co-run gas has the effect of reducing water vapor, and considering the amount of heat that heats the enthalpy of water to the superheated steam enthalpy of the reaction temperature, a gas engine that prioritizes high calorific value.
- Nitrogen gas is preferably used for fuel applications. At this time, the use of air is also an option for reasons of availability and cost of nitrogen gas.
- the high-temperature combustion gas 109 can be vented between the external space of the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 and the external space of the secondary gasification reaction tube 203, and the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 and the secondary gas can be vented.
- a heat-resistant partition wall 212 is provided so that heat radiation between the chemical reaction tubes 203 can be blocked. By the partition wall 212, the high temperature combustion gas 109 is preferentially supplied to the primary gasification reaction chamber 202, which requires a higher temperature, by the force S.
- gasification substitute gas (carbon dioxide) 308 is supplied from a gasification agent supply line 303 in addition to water vapor as a gasification agent. That is, the gasifying agent obtained by mixing the superheated steam obtained by the waste heat boiler 301 with the gasifying agent alternative gas 308 made of carbon dioxide is supplied to the bottom of the primary gasification reaction chamber 202 via the gasifying agent supply line 303. Supplied. Carbon dioxide has a function as a gasifying agent to some extent at high temperatures. The carbon dioxide component of synthesis gas increases.
- syngas When syngas is used for the synthesis of methanol, carbon dioxide in the syngas combines with hydrogen to produce methanol, so that especially when hydrogen is capable of supplying power such as electrolysis of water by natural energy, Supplying has the effect of greatly increasing the production of methanol synthesis.
- the present invention opens the way to the use of biomass, which is expected to be the most promising from a quantitative viewpoint, among renewable energies that will become the foundation of a sustainable society in the future. This technology can be widely used overseas.
- the present invention gasifies trees and grass that do not have a competitive relationship with food to make it possible to produce methanol industrially, and the resulting methanol is further converted into a methanol fuel derived from biomass. It has very wide industrial applicability as a diesel fuel or other chemical feedstock.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/517,806 US20090318572A1 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | Apparatus and process for production of liquid fuel from biomass |
| EP07850147A EP2096158A1 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | Apparatus and process for production of liquid fuel from biomass |
| JP2008548322A JPWO2008069251A1 (ja) | 2006-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | バイオマスからの液体燃料製造装置および製造方法 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006-328155 | 2006-12-05 | ||
| JP2006328155 | 2006-12-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2008069251A1 true WO2008069251A1 (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/073523 Ceased WO2008069251A1 (ja) | 2006-12-05 | 2007-12-05 | バイオマスからの液体燃料製造装置および製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090318572A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2096158A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2008069251A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101568624A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008069251A1 (ja) |
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| JP2010174153A (ja) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-12 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | バイオマス由来の液体燃料合成装置 |
| JP2015534534A (ja) * | 2012-09-18 | 2015-12-03 | プロトン パワー, インク.Proton Power, Inc. | 水素又は液体燃料を製造する為のc−o−h化合物処理 |
| JP2016132644A (ja) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-07-25 | 岩谷産業株式会社 | 炭化水素製造装置及び炭化水素製造方法 |
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| US8303676B1 (en) | 2008-02-19 | 2012-11-06 | Proton Power, Inc. | Conversion of C-O-H compounds into hydrogen for power or heat generation |
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| CN102844408B (zh) | 2010-02-13 | 2015-06-10 | 麦卡利斯特技术有限责任公司 | 用于分离污染物和储存能量的多用途可再生燃料 |
| US8784661B2 (en) | 2010-02-13 | 2014-07-22 | Mcallister Technologies, Llc | Liquid fuel for isolating waste material and storing energy |
| CA2820649C (en) | 2010-12-08 | 2015-11-24 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | System and method for preparing liquid fuels |
| FR2969998B1 (fr) * | 2010-12-29 | 2013-02-08 | Areva | Procede de synthese d'hydrocarbones avec rejets de co2 minimum |
| WO2013025658A2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2013-02-21 | Mcalister Technologies, Llc | Energy and/or material transport including phase change |
| CN103242967A (zh) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-14 | 陈捷寅 | 一种生物柴油生产中甲醇回收设备 |
| US9023243B2 (en) | 2012-08-27 | 2015-05-05 | Proton Power, Inc. | Methods, systems, and devices for synthesis gas recapture |
| US10005961B2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2018-06-26 | Proton Power, Inc. | Methods, systems, and devices for continuous liquid fuel production from biomass |
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| US10144875B2 (en) | 2014-01-10 | 2018-12-04 | Proton Power, Inc. | Systems, and devices for liquid hydrocarbon fuel production, hydrocarbon chemical production, and aerosol capture |
| US20150307784A1 (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2015-10-29 | Proton Power, Inc. | Continuous liquid fuel production methods, systems, and devices |
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| US10603628B2 (en) * | 2017-02-02 | 2020-03-31 | Krude Innovations Ltd | Cooling methanol vapour chamber for fuel gas |
| EP3401299B1 (de) | 2017-05-12 | 2021-11-03 | L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'exploitation Des Procédés Georges Claude | Reaktor zum durchführen exothermer gleichgewichtsreaktionen |
| KR102653962B1 (ko) * | 2021-08-19 | 2024-04-03 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 이산화탄소 활용 시스템 |
| EP4474374A1 (de) * | 2023-06-07 | 2024-12-11 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Methanolsynthese mit fluktuierender rohgasversorgung |
| CN117663680B (zh) * | 2023-12-16 | 2024-08-23 | 江苏永诚装备科技有限公司 | 一种带有预冷结构的船舶天然气液化装置 |
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| JP2016132644A (ja) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-07-25 | 岩谷産業株式会社 | 炭化水素製造装置及び炭化水素製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2008069251A1 (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
| US20090318572A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
| EP2096158A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
| CN101568624A (zh) | 2009-10-28 |
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