WO2008104647A2 - Procede de qualification de la variabilite de la composition d'un effluent - Google Patents
Procede de qualification de la variabilite de la composition d'un effluent Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008104647A2 WO2008104647A2 PCT/FR2008/050110 FR2008050110W WO2008104647A2 WO 2008104647 A2 WO2008104647 A2 WO 2008104647A2 FR 2008050110 W FR2008050110 W FR 2008050110W WO 2008104647 A2 WO2008104647 A2 WO 2008104647A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- derivative
- logical
- domains
- effluent
- variability
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/001—Upstream control, i.e. monitoring for predictive control
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/003—Downstream control, i.e. outlet monitoring, e.g. to check the treating agents, such as halogens or ozone, leaving the process
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of analysis and online control of the composition of liquid or gaseous effluents, such as drinking water, urban or industrial water.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a method for detecting the variability of the composition of such an effluent whether it is liquid or gaseous.
- measurements are made online, for example in a pipe arranged upstream of a wastewater treatment station.
- Such a method makes it possible to detect an abnormality in the composition of the effluent, in particular physicochemical or biological effluent, likely to cause an incident in the treatment process located downstream from the place where the measurements are made.
- UV-VIS visible ultraviolet spectrophotometry
- the UV-VIS spectrum acts as a "fingerprint" of the effluent.
- a given effluent has its own UV-VIS spectrum comprising particular points (called isobestic points) which, in theory, do not vary over time.
- the information obtained indicates to the operator whether there is overall conservation or not of the quality of the effluent but does not make it possible to evaluate the quality of the effluent. danger of the effluent in question. Finally, these points do not necessarily exist for all the effluents, which renders this method ineffective in this case.
- Another known mode of treatment of the UV spectra consists in using the deconvolution of the UV spectra, this treatment being based on the assumption that each UV spectrum of an effluent can be considered as a linear combination of a small number of known UV spectra, called reference spectra, and especially relating to particular compounds of the effluent studied.
- This method therefore assumes to have a priori knowledge of the composition of the effluent or compounds likely to be there, which requires performing analyzes in prior laboratories.
- a library of spectra of predetermined compounds or compositions must be previously performed.
- Another disadvantage of the methods of the prior art is that they are not able to handle other types of measurements, such as pH, conductivity, or temperature.
- An object of the present invention is to propose a process for qualifying the variability of the composition of an effluent, in which a succession of measurements is carried out over time of at least a first and a second parameter of this effluent, which process is independent of the environment in which it is implemented while being able to handle both parametric and non-parametric measurements.
- the invention achieves its goal by the fact that at each time step:
- a first derivative is determined for each of the first and second parameters
- At least one second derivative is determined between the first and second parameters
- the first logical domains comprising at least a first normal logical domain corresponding to a normal variability of said first derivative are defined, and a first abnormal logical domain corresponding to an abnormal variability of said first derivative.
- second logical domains comprising at least a second normal logical domain corresponding to a normal variability of said second derivative, and a second abnormal logical domain corresponding to an abnormal variability of said second derivative;
- global logical domains are defined from the first and second logical domains, the global logical domains comprising at least one normal global logical domain and one abnormal global logical domain;
- the method according to the invention requires only a temporal succession of parameter measurements to adapt to the environment in which it is implemented, said environment being for example a sewerage network or a drinking water network or an industrial site.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously be based as much on the analysis of the variability of spectral measurements, as on the analysis of the variability of measurements of quantities, such as for example but not exclusively the pH, the potential Redox, conductivity or temperature.
- One of the main objectives of the invention is to immediately inform the operator in real time of the possible arrival of an effluent having a composition at risk.
- the first derivatives are taken with respect to the same quantity, preferably time, while the second derivatives denote the variation of one of the parameters relative to the other, preferably over time. .
- the second derivative may, for example, be the derivative of the parameter with respect to said variable, for a given time step.
- the first derivative being advantageously a time derivative.
- the number of parameters is substantially greater than two.
- the underlying idea is to compare the individual and cross variances so as to establish an indication of the overall variance of the effluent composition.
- the mathematical treatment allowing the implementation of the method according to the present invention is based on the theory of fuzzy logic, which is well known, so that the comparison mentioned above will be obtained by an inference operation, which is well known elsewhere. .
- the change in the composition of the effluent may be qualified as normal or abnormal, or by any other appropriate qualifier.
- the attribution of the first probabilities of belonging to each of the first logical domains for the first derivative of each of the parameters makes it possible to characterize the individual variance of the parameters
- the attribution of the second probabilities of membership of the second derivative to each of the second logical domains makes it possible to characterize the cross-variance of the parameters.
- the mathematical treatment applied in the present invention preferably uses at least one sliding database whose length is variable, the database being constituted by the values of the parameters at previous time steps, whereby the method adapts only natural evolutions of the effluent.
- sliding is meant that the database contains a predetermined number of values, a new entry in the database accompanied by the deletion of the oldest stored value. In a particularly interesting way, this implies that the operator does not have to set thresholds to determine whether the effluent varies, nor to adapt such a threshold to the natural evolution of the effluent.
- thresholds are determined automatically by the method, according to the data recorded in the database.
- the process according to the invention does not require any measurement, preliminary or not, of the effluent in the laboratory. Moreover, no prior calibration of the mathematical tool used is necessary.
- the first logical domains are defined from a multiple of the standard deviation evaluated from a set consisting of values of the first derivative of said parameter determined at steps previous times.
- the first logical domains are also defined from the mean or the median of a set consisting of values of the first derivative of said parameter determined at previous time steps .
- the second logical domains are defined from a multiple of the standard deviation evaluated from a set consisting of values of said at least one second derivative determined at previous time steps.
- the global logical domains are defined from a multiple of the standard deviation evaluated from a set constituted by the values of the first derivatives of the parameters and the values of said at least one second derivative determined at previous time steps.
- the values determined at previous time steps mentioned above are advantageously stored in at least one sliding database, such as that mentioned above.
- a first intermediate logical domain corresponding to a non-normal variability of said first derivative is defined for the first derivative of each of the parameters.
- a second intermediate logical domain corresponding to a non-normal variability of said second derivative is defined.
- the global membership probabilities are calculated from a weighted sum of the first and second membership probabilities.
- third logical domains comprising at least a third normal logical domain and a third abnormal logical domain, the third logical domains being defined from the first logical domains;
- fourth logical domains comprising at least a fourth normal logical domain and a fourth abnormal logical domain, the fourth logical domains being defined from the second logical domains;
- third membership probabilities of a set constituted by the first derivatives of the parameters are attributed to each of the third logical domains;
- Fourth probabilities of membership of a set consisting of at least said at least one second derivative to each of the fourth logical domains are further attributed;
- the global logical domains being defined starting from the third and fourth logical domains.
- additional logical domains are inserted, namely the third and fourth logical domains so as to refine the qualification of the variability of the composition of the effluent and to avoid false alarms.
- the third "normal” logical domain corresponds to the union of the first "normal” logical domains
- the third "abnormal” logical domain corresponds to the union of the first "abnormal” logical domains
- the fourth "normal” logical domain corresponds to the union of the second" abnormal "logical domains.
- a third "abnormal" logical domain is also defined, which preferably corresponds to the union of the first "not very normal” logical domains, and a fourth "unusual” logical domain which preferably corresponds to the union of the second logical domains "not normal”.
- the first global logical domain preferably corresponds to the union of the third "normal” logical domain and the fourth "normal” logical domain.
- the second global logical domain preferably corresponds to the union of the union of the third "normal” logical domain and the fourth "unusual” logical domain and of the union of the "unusual" third logical domain and the fourth logical domain. "Normal”.
- the third global logical domain preferably corresponds to the union of the union of the third "normal” logical domain and the fourth "abnormal” logical domain with the union of the third "unusual” logical domain and the fourth "few” logical domain. normal ", and the union of the third" abnormal "logical domain and the fourth" normal "logical domain.
- the fourth global logical domain preferably corresponds to the union union of the third "abnormal” logical domain and the fourth "abnormal” logical domain, and the union of the third "abnormal” logical domain and the fourth logical domain. "Not normal"
- the fifth global logical domain preferably corresponds to the union of the third "abnormal" logical domain and the fourth "abnormal” logical domain.
- the global membership probabilities are calculated from a weighted sum of the third and fourth probabilities of membership.
- said weighted sum involves at least one dynamic weighting coefficient, for example the standard deviation evaluated from a set consisting of values of the first derivative determined at previous time steps.
- the global logical domain qualifying the variability of the composition of the effluent is that for which the probability of global membership is maximal.
- only the fifth overall logical domain is used to determine the variation in the composition of the effluent.
- this fifth overall logical domain constitutes the one for which the probability of a particularly abnormal variability in the composition of the effluent is the highest.
- the global logical domain qualifying the variability of the composition of the effluent is the most "abnormal" logical domain for which the global membership probability is non-zero.
- the global logical domain qualifying the variability of the composition of the effluent is the most logical domain. abnormal for which the probability of global membership is greater than a predetermined threshold.
- the first parameter is the absorbance of the effluent measured for a first wavelength.
- each of the parameters corresponds to the absorbance of the effluent for a given wavelength.
- the absorbance of the effluent for a plurality of wavelengths preferably between 200 nm and 700 nm is measured at each time step.
- the first derivative is a derivative of the absorbance with respect to time for a given wavelength
- the second derivative is a derivative of the absorbance with respect to the wavelength calculated at a time step. given.
- the present invention also relates to a device for monitoring the variability of the composition of an effluent implementing the method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a device for monitoring the variability of the composition of an effluent implementing the method according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the steps of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph representing membership functions in triangle making it possible to determine membership probabilities of the first derivatives to the first logical domains.
- FIG. 4 is a graph representing membership functions in triangle making it possible to determine membership probabilities of the second derivatives to the second logical domains.
- invention whose objective is to evaluate the temporal variability of the composition of an effluent of the chemical industry.
- FIG. 1 represents a device 10 according to the invention embodying the method according to the invention.
- the device 10 comprises measuring means 12 for measuring the absorbance of the effluent flowing in a pipe 14, the latter being preferentially but not exclusively disposed upstream of a station treatment of the effluent.
- the values measured by the measuring means 12 are stored in memory means 16, while a microprocessor 18 is provided for performing calculation operations leading to the qualification of the variability of the composition of the effluent.
- the result of the calculation operations is preferably given by a visual interface 20 comprising three colored lights, for example green, orange and red characterizing the level of normality of the variability of the effluent.
- a series of measurements of a plurality of parameters namely the absorbance of the effluent for several wavelengths, is carried out over time.
- the absorbance of the effluent for several wavelengths is measured during a step SlOl, these being between 200 and 700 nm, preferably between 230 and 500 nm.
- the measurements are made by varying the wavelength in steps of 1 nm, while a time step t lasts two hours.
- the diagram in Figure 2 shows the steps that are performed at each time step.
- the first parameter is the absorbance at the wavelength of 230 nm
- the second parameter is the absorbance at the wavelength of 231 nm
- the 271 th parameter which is the absorbance at 500 nm.
- the memory means comprise a database storing the parameter measurements for a plurality of time steps t.
- a first derivative is determined for each of the 271 parameters by calculating the difference between two consecutive absorbance values in time at the same wavelength and dividing the result obtained by a difference of At times existing between two measurements.
- At least one second derivative is determined between the parameters.
- 270 second derivatives of the 271 parameters are defined.
- each j th first derivative "normal variation of the first derivative" DL ⁇ (j, t) is characterized in that: ⁇ i j (t) ⁇ i j (t);
- each j th first derivative "not normal variation of the first derivative ", DL] (j, t) is characterized in that: ⁇ ij (t) ⁇ ⁇ iJ (t) ⁇ 2 ⁇ i fJ (t);
- each j th first derivative "abnormal variation of the first derivative" is characterized in that ⁇ i j (t)> 2 ⁇ i, j (t).
- a ninth step S109 also preferred but not necessary, it computes the probability of belonging to the third logical domains of all of the first 271 derived by the sum of the probabilities for each j ⁇ eme first derivative to first logical domains weighted by the standard deviation of the first derivatives:
- the probability of belonging of each 270 second derivatives to the three fourth logical domains is calculated by summing the probability of belonging of each k th second derivative to the second domains. logic weighted by the standard deviation of the second derivatives: to 3
- the result obtained is obtained by dividing each membership probability by the sum of the membership probabilities of the global logical domains.
- step S115 the variability of the composition of the effluent is qualified from the overall membership probabilities using, preferably, only the 5th global logical domain.
- the following tests (given for illustrative purposes) are carried out:
- a first threshold for example 66%
- the probability of belonging to the 5th global logical domain is between 33% and 66%, for example, it means that the composition of the effluent has varied.
- An orange light is displayed by the interface 20.
- the false alarms are advantageously minimized. Indeed, there must be a majority of first and second derivatives has high probability of belonging to logical domains "abnormal" for the 5 th overall logical domain has a high probability of belonging and triggers an alarm.
- steps S107 to SH1 are not essential to the implementation of the invention.
- a particular variant in accordance with the invention consists in defining the global logical domains directly from the first and second logical domains without going through third and fourth logical domains, to assign overall membership probabilities of the set. constituted by the first derivatives of the parameters and the second derivatives to each of the global logic domains, then to qualify the variability of the composition of the effluent from the overall probabilities in a manner similar to that performed during the steps S12 to Sl 15.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/523,890 US8249818B2 (en) | 2007-01-25 | 2008-01-24 | Method for qualifying the variability of an effluent composition |
| DK08761976.3T DK2118648T3 (da) | 2007-01-25 | 2008-01-24 | Fremgangsmåde til bedømmelse af variabiliteten af en sammensætning af afløbsvand |
| CA2676041A CA2676041C (fr) | 2007-01-25 | 2008-01-24 | Procede de qualification de la variabilite de la composition d'un effluent |
| CN2008800087597A CN101636655B (zh) | 2007-01-25 | 2008-01-24 | 用于对流出物成分的变化进行定性的方法 |
| AT08761976T ATE471511T1 (de) | 2007-01-25 | 2008-01-24 | Verfahren zur beurteilung der variabilität einer abwasserzusammensetzung |
| EP08761976A EP2118648B1 (fr) | 2007-01-25 | 2008-01-24 | Procede de qualification de la variabilite de la composition d'un effluent |
| DE602008001558T DE602008001558D1 (de) | 2007-01-25 | 2008-01-24 | Verfahren zur beurteilung der variabilität einer abwasserzusammensetzung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0752882 | 2007-01-25 | ||
| FR0752882A FR2911960B1 (fr) | 2007-01-25 | 2007-01-25 | Procede de qualification de la variabilite de la composition d'un effluent. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008104647A2 true WO2008104647A2 (fr) | 2008-09-04 |
| WO2008104647A3 WO2008104647A3 (fr) | 2008-11-06 |
Family
ID=38470134
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2008/050110 Ceased WO2008104647A2 (fr) | 2007-01-25 | 2008-01-24 | Procede de qualification de la variabilite de la composition d'un effluent |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8249818B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2118648B1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20090121277A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101636655B (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE471511T1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2676041C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE602008001558D1 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK2118648T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2911960B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2008104647A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2943696B1 (fr) * | 2009-03-24 | 2016-08-26 | Veolia Eau - Cie Generale Des Eaux | Installation et procede de controle de la qualite de l'eau dans un reseau d'eau potable |
| JP5962845B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-04 | 2016-08-03 | 株式会社島津製作所 | クロマトグラムデータ処理装置及び処理方法 |
| DE102013213362A1 (de) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-01-08 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von emittierenden Teilchen in Systemen |
| FR3068051B1 (fr) | 2017-06-22 | 2022-06-24 | Aquassay | Systeme de gestion des eaux usees |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE59511077D1 (de) * | 1994-10-11 | 2007-03-22 | Conducta Endress & Hauser | Analysegerät, insbesondere für Abwasser |
| DE29607093U1 (de) * | 1996-04-19 | 1996-07-18 | Ingenieurgemeinschaft agwa GmbH, 30161 Hannover | Adaptiv, wassergüteabhängig gesteuertes Abwasserbauwerk |
| CA2194831C (fr) * | 1997-01-10 | 2000-11-07 | Jean Millo | Systeme de controle d'effluent |
| US6023065A (en) * | 1997-03-10 | 2000-02-08 | Alberta Research Council | Method and apparatus for monitoring and controlling characteristics of process effluents |
| FR2783322B1 (fr) * | 1998-09-11 | 2001-03-09 | Naphtachimie Sa | Procede et dispositif de controle de qualite d'effluents |
| FR2787883B1 (fr) | 1998-11-30 | 2001-03-16 | Naphtachimie Sa | Procede et dispositif de controle de qualite d'effluents par spectrophotometrie |
| DE19857014A1 (de) * | 1998-12-09 | 2000-06-15 | Wtw Weilheim | Verfahren zur Messung von Wasser- und Abwasserparametern |
| US8958917B2 (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2015-02-17 | Hach Company | Method and system for remote monitoring of fluid quality and treatment |
| FR2796722B1 (fr) | 1999-07-20 | 2001-09-14 | Secomam Sa | Procede et dispositif pour la numerisation, l'archivage, la caracterisation et l'analyse d'un echantillon liquide |
| US6845336B2 (en) * | 2002-06-25 | 2005-01-18 | Prasad S. Kodukula | Water treatment monitoring system |
-
2007
- 2007-01-25 FR FR0752882A patent/FR2911960B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-01-24 WO PCT/FR2008/050110 patent/WO2008104647A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-01-24 AT AT08761976T patent/ATE471511T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-01-24 CA CA2676041A patent/CA2676041C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-24 EP EP08761976A patent/EP2118648B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-01-24 DE DE602008001558T patent/DE602008001558D1/de active Active
- 2008-01-24 US US12/523,890 patent/US8249818B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-24 CN CN2008800087597A patent/CN101636655B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-24 DK DK08761976.3T patent/DK2118648T3/da active
- 2008-01-24 KR KR1020097015757A patent/KR20090121277A/ko not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK2118648T3 (da) | 2010-10-11 |
| CA2676041C (fr) | 2014-10-07 |
| FR2911960B1 (fr) | 2009-04-24 |
| FR2911960A1 (fr) | 2008-08-01 |
| US8249818B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
| US20100125422A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| KR20090121277A (ko) | 2009-11-25 |
| CN101636655B (zh) | 2013-07-03 |
| CA2676041A1 (fr) | 2008-09-04 |
| WO2008104647A3 (fr) | 2008-11-06 |
| ATE471511T1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
| EP2118648A2 (fr) | 2009-11-18 |
| EP2118648B1 (fr) | 2010-06-16 |
| CN101636655A (zh) | 2010-01-27 |
| DE602008001558D1 (de) | 2010-07-29 |
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