WO2008140314A1 - Theft prevention system for a portable electric apparatus - Google Patents

Theft prevention system for a portable electric apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008140314A1
WO2008140314A1 PCT/NL2008/050290 NL2008050290W WO2008140314A1 WO 2008140314 A1 WO2008140314 A1 WO 2008140314A1 NL 2008050290 W NL2008050290 W NL 2008050290W WO 2008140314 A1 WO2008140314 A1 WO 2008140314A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging current
protection system
voltage source
electrical appliance
limit value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NL2008/050290
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Wessel Blankestijn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BRILJANT OCTROOI BV
Original Assignee
BRILJANT OCTROOI BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BRILJANT OCTROOI BV filed Critical BRILJANT OCTROOI BV
Priority to US12/600,417 priority Critical patent/US20100271206A1/en
Priority to EP08753773A priority patent/EP2150945A1/en
Publication of WO2008140314A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008140314A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/14—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
    • G08B13/1409—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles for removal detection of electrical appliances by detecting their physical disconnection from an electrical system, e.g. using a switch incorporated in the plug connector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/70—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
    • G06F21/81—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer by operating on the power supply, e.g. enabling or disabling power-on, sleep or resume operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/70—Protecting specific internal or peripheral components, in which the protection of a component leads to protection of the entire computer
    • G06F21/88—Detecting or preventing theft or loss

Definitions

  • Theft protection system for use with a portable electrical appliance
  • the invention relates to a theft protection system for use with a portable electrical appliance which is connectable to a voltage source via an adapter with transformer, in which in connected mode a charging current is carried between the voltage source and the portable electrical appliance, which theft protection system comprises an electronic alarm circuit to be inserted between the adapter and the voltage source, the alarm circuit comprising0 a processing unit with a current detector as well as an alarm means that delivers an alarm signal when the current detector detects a drop of the charging current below a predetermined limit value.
  • a portable electrical appliance is understood to be an electrical appliance which is by nature of its function intended to be regularly moved to another location of use and which is of a suitably light design with the object of rendering this appliance easily manually S movable for a user.
  • a theft protection system of this type is known from WO 95/27958A.
  • This0 known theft protection system is suitable for protecting electrical appliances in which the transformer is incorporated.
  • the complete absence of a current is detected, which occurs if the transformer is disconnected from the power source.
  • portable personal appliances are very much in demand. They include portable electrical appliances such as mobile telephones5 and laptop computers.
  • Electrical appliances of this type include an incorporated power source such as an accumulator or battery to enable their use without being connected to the mains. This provides extra mobility for the user. The user can utilize the appliance at substantially any location thanks to the incorporated power source.
  • An accumulator is to be charged at regular intervals from the mains by means of a transformer which is generally incorporated in a specially arranged adapter.
  • the appliance can also be used while being connected to the mains via the adapter.
  • More particularly laptop computers are generally used in this fashion.
  • the accumulator of such an appliance is suitable for a cc average user uses a laptop computer at home or at work in the same manner as a desktop computer is used, the laptop computer always being connected to the mains via an adapter and being moved only little. The user does not always take the appliance with him or her and often leaves it abandoned for a rather long period of time.
  • a disadvantage of the laptop computer is in this context the mere feet that it is portable. Any thief can easily disconnect the appliance and take it with him.
  • the theft protection system is characterized in that the charging current, in a situation in which only the adapter with transformer is connected, forms a measure for the limit value. If the electrical appliance is disconnected from the adapter, whereas the adapter continues to be connected to the power source via the theft protection system, the flowing charging current will become lower and drop below the limit value. The theft protection system will detect this change and then deliver an alarm signal with the alarm means. The moment a thief disconnects the chain at any spot, an alarm signal will be delivered. Therefore, a thief cannot inactivate the theft protection system unnoticed or in an easy manner prior to protective measures being taken. Always an alarm signal will be delivered by which an owner or guard can be warned.
  • An embodiment of the theft protection system according to the invention is characterized in that the alarm circuit comprises a calibration unit with which a basic charging current can be determined which is a measure for the limit value, which basic charging current occurs in the situation in which only the adpater with transformer is connected and the electrical appliance is not connected.
  • the alarm circuit comprises a calibration unit with which a basic charging current can be determined which is a measure for the limit value, which basic charging current occurs in the situation in which only the adpater with transformer is connected and the electrical appliance is not connected.
  • the invention also relates to a method for detecting theft of an electrical appliance by means of the theft protection system according to the invention in which a basic charging current is determined by means of a calibration unit, which basic charging current 0 corresponds with the situation in which only the adapter with transformer is connected, the magnitude of the basic charging current being a measure for the limit value.
  • An embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in mat the charging current is measured for at least 1 second so as to determine an average charging current In mis way any disturbances at the voltage source are averaged, so that the S alarm means will deliver an alarm signal only if the electrical appliance is disconnected and not in case of a disturbance at the voltage source, such as a voltage peak or voltage dip as a consequence of another piece of equipment utilizing the same source and being switched on or off.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is 0 characterized in that the voltage source is an AC voltage source and a zero crossing at the voltage source is determined and in that the charging current is measured from a fixed instant after the zero crossing.
  • the electrical appliance will be intended to be connected to an AC voltage, generally the mains, hi the event of a connection to the mains, the accumulator of the appliance will be charged if the AC voltage is around its peak value. So there is mention of a strongly varying periodical charging current. If the measurement of the charging current is started at a fixed point of time after the zero crossing of the AC voltage, there will always be a fixed number of charging current peaks during the time of measurement. It will men not be possible for the measuring operation to be 'fouled' as a result of a varying number of peaks being measured. Therefore, also a shorter measuring period than with a varying number of peaks will suffice.
  • a still further embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the alarm signal is delivered after the current detector in at least two consecutive measurements detects a drop of the charging current below the limit value. In mis way additional protection is exercised and the probability is reduced of the alarm means delivering an alarm signal when it detects a chance majo
  • Fig. 1 gives a diagrammatic representation of the theft protection system according to the invention
  • Fig.2 gives a diagrammatic representation of the electrical appliance that is connected to a theft protection system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 gives a representation over time of the voltage of the AC voltage source and the charging current of the electrical appliance.
  • Fig. 1 gives a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of the theft protection system according to the invention.
  • the theft protection system includes an A/D converter which converts voltage from an AC voltage source, in this case the mains, into a DC voltage which can be used for the measuring electronics in the processing unit.
  • An alarm means is connected to the processing unit If the processing unit detects an unauthorized change of the charging current, that is to say, a drop below the limit value, a signal is applied to the alarm means which thereupon releases an alarm signal.
  • the calibration unit can be utilized for setting the limit value.
  • the set button can initiate a calibration operation. The calibration is carried out by inserting the theft protection system between the voltage source and the loose adapter and pressing the set button.
  • the processing unit thereupon measures the bare charging current that flows when only the adapter is present Then the value of the limit value (minimum charging current) is set in the processing unit This limit value is equal to the bare charging current increased by a suitable percentage. This suitable percentage is selected such that the charging current in the presence of the electrical appliance is nearly always higher than the limit value. If the charging current drops below the limit value during the use of the theft protection system, this will be an indication that the electrical appliance is no longer connected. If this is the case, the alarm means will deliver an alarm signal. If only the electrical appliance is disconnected and the adapter continues to be connected, the charging current also has a value that is below the limit ⁇ limit value is equal to the charging current of the adapter increased by a suitable percentage.
  • - Fig.2 gives a diagrammatic representation of an electrical appliance connected to a theft protection system according to the invention.
  • the theft protection system is connected between the voltage source (in this case the mains) and the adapter of the electrical appliance. During operation the theft protection system utilizes the mains voltage for its operation. However, as a back-up also an accumulator is incorporated in the theft protection system. If the theft protection system is disconnected from the voltage source, the charging current will drop far below the minimum charging current and the alarm means will deliver an alarm signal for which it utilizes its energy from the incorporated accumulator.
  • Fig. 3 is a representation over time of the voltage of the AC voltage source and the charging current of the electrical appliance.
  • the lower graph shows the variation over time of the AC voltage of the AC voltage source (V b ).
  • the upper graph shows the charging current as a function of time. It can be noticed that the charging current has a peak at the maximums and minimums of the AC voltage. As appropriate, cases do even occur where there is a charging operation only in the neighborhood of the voltage maximums and voltage minimums and not any further.
  • the charging current peaks form a great contribution to the average charging current. Therefore, it is of importance to provide that during the measuring time always an equal number of peaks are measured. In this way the average charging current will always be substantially equal in a relatively brief measuring period in equal circumstances.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A theft protection system for an electrical appliance is connected between an electrical appliance (such as a laptop computer) and a voltage source (such as the mains). The theft protection system regularly measures the charging current that is carried between the electrical appliance and the voltage source. If this charging current drops below a predetermined minimum value (the limit value), the theft protection system delivers an alarm signal via an alarm means. The limit value can be set by means of an incorporated calibration unit The calibration is initiated by pressing the set button.

Description

Theft protection system for use with a portable electrical appliance
DESCRIPTION
Field of the invention.
5 The invention relates to a theft protection system for use with a portable electrical appliance which is connectable to a voltage source via an adapter with transformer, in which in connected mode a charging current is carried between the voltage source and the portable electrical appliance, which theft protection system comprises an electronic alarm circuit to be inserted between the adapter and the voltage source, the alarm circuit comprising0 a processing unit with a current detector as well as an alarm means that delivers an alarm signal when the current detector detects a drop of the charging current below a predetermined limit value. A portable electrical appliance is understood to be an electrical appliance which is by nature of its function intended to be regularly moved to another location of use and which is of a suitably light design with the object of rendering this appliance easily manually S movable for a user.
State of the art
A theft protection system of this type is known from WO 95/27958A. This0 known theft protection system is suitable for protecting electrical appliances in which the transformer is incorporated. For in this known system the complete absence of a current is detected, which occurs if the transformer is disconnected from the power source. In modern society people are ever more mobile and, in consequence, portable personal appliances are very much in demand. They include portable electrical appliances such as mobile telephones5 and laptop computers. Electrical appliances of this type include an incorporated power source such as an accumulator or battery to enable their use without being connected to the mains. This provides extra mobility for the user. The user can utilize the appliance at substantially any location thanks to the incorporated power source. An accumulator is to be charged at regular intervals from the mains by means of a transformer which is generally incorporated in a specially arranged adapter. The appliance can also be used while being connected to the mains via the adapter. More particularly laptop computers are generally used in this fashion. The accumulator of such an appliance is suitable for a cc average user uses a laptop computer at home or at work in the same manner as a desktop computer is used, the laptop computer always being connected to the mains via an adapter and being moved only little. The user does not always take the appliance with him or her and often leaves it abandoned for a rather long period of time. A disadvantage of the laptop computer is in this context the mere feet that it is portable. Any thief can easily disconnect the appliance and take it with him. In many cases a steel cable is used as a protection of portable electrical appliances such as laptop computers, which cable can on the one hand be clicked to the appliance and on the other to for example a leg of the table. A drawback of this solution is that such a cable can easily be disengaged from the appliance. In addition, a thief can do mis unnoticed. Therefore, with the existing protection measures, portable appliances such as laptop computers continue to be liable to theft.
Summary of the invention.
It is an object of the invention to provide a theft protection system for use with a portable electrical appliance which cannot be inactivated unnoticed and in a simple manner prior to protective measures being taken. For this purpose, the theft protection system according to the invention is characterized in that the charging current, in a situation in which only the adapter with transformer is connected, forms a measure for the limit value. If the electrical appliance is disconnected from the adapter, whereas the adapter continues to be connected to the power source via the theft protection system, the flowing charging current will become lower and drop below the limit value. The theft protection system will detect this change and then deliver an alarm signal with the alarm means. The moment a thief disconnects the chain at any spot, an alarm signal will be delivered. Therefore, a thief cannot inactivate the theft protection system unnoticed or in an easy manner prior to protective measures being taken. Always an alarm signal will be delivered by which an owner or guard can be warned.
An embodiment of the theft protection system according to the invention is characterized in that the alarm circuit comprises a calibration unit with which a basic charging current can be determined which is a measure for the limit value, which basic charging current occurs in the situation in which only the adpater with transformer is connected and the electrical appliance is not connected. As a result of this measure the situation of absence of the electrical appliance can be established in a more accurate manner. For in the event of absence of the electrical appliance the to zero. If the adapter is left behind, there is still an electronic circuit that may require some current. In this situation too the alarm means would have to deliver an alarm signal. Since different charging currents are carried in different electrical appliances and adapters, it is S desirable to be in a position to determine the limit value for each application, so that one can also be sure that the alarm goes off when the electrical appliance is disconnected.
The invention also relates to a method for detecting theft of an electrical appliance by means of the theft protection system according to the invention in which a basic charging current is determined by means of a calibration unit, which basic charging current 0 corresponds with the situation in which only the adapter with transformer is connected, the magnitude of the basic charging current being a measure for the limit value.
An embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in mat the charging current is measured for at least 1 second so as to determine an average charging current In mis way any disturbances at the voltage source are averaged, so that the S alarm means will deliver an alarm signal only if the electrical appliance is disconnected and not in case of a disturbance at the voltage source, such as a voltage peak or voltage dip as a consequence of another piece of equipment utilizing the same source and being switched on or off.
A further embodiment of the method according to the invention is 0 characterized in that the voltage source is an AC voltage source and a zero crossing at the voltage source is determined and in that the charging current is measured from a fixed instant after the zero crossing. In most cases the electrical appliance will be intended to be connected to an AC voltage, generally the mains, hi the event of a connection to the mains, the accumulator of the appliance will be charged if the AC voltage is around its peak value. So there is mention of a strongly varying periodical charging current. If the measurement of the charging current is started at a fixed point of time after the zero crossing of the AC voltage, there will always be a fixed number of charging current peaks during the time of measurement. It will men not be possible for the measuring operation to be 'fouled' as a result of a varying number of peaks being measured. Therefore, also a shorter measuring period than with a varying number of peaks will suffice.
A still further embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the alarm signal is delivered after the current detector in at least two consecutive measurements detects a drop of the charging current below the limit value. In mis way additional protection is exercised and the probability is reduced of the alarm means delivering an alarm signal when it detects a chance majo
Brief description of the drawings.
The invention will be described in more detail based on examples of embodiment of the theft protection system according to the invention while reference is made to the appended drawing figures, in which:
Fig. 1 gives a diagrammatic representation of the theft protection system according to the invention; Fig.2 gives a diagrammatic representation of the electrical appliance that is connected to a theft protection system according to the invention; and
Fig. 3 gives a representation over time of the voltage of the AC voltage source and the charging current of the electrical appliance.
Detailed description of the drawings.
Fig. 1 gives a diagrammatic representation of an embodiment of the theft protection system according to the invention. The theft protection system includes an A/D converter which converts voltage from an AC voltage source, in this case the mains, into a DC voltage which can be used for the measuring electronics in the processing unit. An alarm means is connected to the processing unit If the processing unit detects an unauthorized change of the charging current, that is to say, a drop below the limit value, a signal is applied to the alarm means which thereupon releases an alarm signal. The calibration unit can be utilized for setting the limit value. The set button can initiate a calibration operation. The calibration is carried out by inserting the theft protection system between the voltage source and the loose adapter and pressing the set button. The processing unit thereupon measures the bare charging current that flows when only the adapter is present Then the value of the limit value (minimum charging current) is set in the processing unit This limit value is equal to the bare charging current increased by a suitable percentage. This suitable percentage is selected such that the charging current in the presence of the electrical appliance is nearly always higher than the limit value. If the charging current drops below the limit value during the use of the theft protection system, this will be an indication that the electrical appliance is no longer connected. If this is the case, the alarm means will deliver an alarm signal. If only the electrical appliance is disconnected and the adapter continues to be connected, the charging current also has a value that is below the limit \ limit value is equal to the charging current of the adapter increased by a suitable percentage. - Fig.2 gives a diagrammatic representation of an electrical appliance connected to a theft protection system according to the invention. The theft protection system is connected between the voltage source (in this case the mains) and the adapter of the electrical appliance. During operation the theft protection system utilizes the mains voltage for its operation. However, as a back-up also an accumulator is incorporated in the theft protection system. If the theft protection system is disconnected from the voltage source, the charging current will drop far below the minimum charging current and the alarm means will deliver an alarm signal for which it utilizes its energy from the incorporated accumulator.
Fig. 3 is a representation over time of the voltage of the AC voltage source and the charging current of the electrical appliance. The lower graph shows the variation over time of the AC voltage of the AC voltage source (Vb). The upper graph shows the charging current as a function of time. It can be noticed that the charging current has a peak at the maximums and minimums of the AC voltage. As appropriate, cases do even occur where there is a charging operation only in the neighborhood of the voltage maximums and voltage minimums and not any further. The charging current peaks form a great contribution to the average charging current. Therefore, it is of importance to provide that during the measuring time always an equal number of peaks are measured. In this way the average charging current will always be substantially equal in a relatively brief measuring period in equal circumstances. If the peaks are disregarded, it is necessary to use a much longer measuring time for obtaining a relatively constant average value. This would be a detrimental effect on the theft protection system since the alarm signal may then in case of theft be delivered at a relatively late instant. Albeit the invention described above has been described in the foregoing with reference to the drawing figures, it should be established that the invention is not by any manner or means restricted to the embodiments shown in these drawing figures. The scope of the invention is also extended to any embodiments deviating from the embodiments shown in the drawing figures within the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A theft protection system for use with a portable electrical appliance which is connectable to a voltage source via an adapter with transformer, in which in connected mode a charging current is carried between the voltage source and the portable electrical appliance, which theft protection system comprises an electronic alarm circuit to be inserted between
S the adapter and the voltage source, the alarm circuit comprising a processing unit with a current detector as well as an alarm means that delivers an alarm signal when the current detector detects a drop of the charging current below a predetermined limit value, characterized in that in a situation in which only the adapter with transformer is connected, the charging current forms a measure for the limit value. 0
2. A theft protection system as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the alarm circuit comprises a calibration unit with which a basic charging current can be determined which is a measure for the limit value, which basic charging current occurs in the situation in which only the adpater with transformer is connected and the electrical appliance is not5 connected.
3. A method for detecting theft of an electrical appliance by means of the theft protection system as claimed in claim 2, in which a basic charging current is determined by means of the calibration unit, which basic charging current corresponds with the situation in which only the adapter with transformer is connected, the magnitude of the basic charging current being a measure for the limit value.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the charging current is measured for at least 1 second in order to determine an average charging current.
5. A method as claimed in claim S, characterized in that the voltage source is an AC voltage source and a zero crossing at the voltage source is detected and in that the charging current is measured from a fixed instant after the zero crossing.
6. A method as claimed in any one of the els alarm signal is delivered after the current detector in at least two consecutive measurements of the charging current detects a charging current drop below the limit value.
PCT/NL2008/050290 2007-05-16 2008-05-16 Theft prevention system for a portable electric apparatus Ceased WO2008140314A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/600,417 US20100271206A1 (en) 2007-05-16 2008-05-16 Theft prevention system for a portable electric apparatus
EP08753773A EP2150945A1 (en) 2007-05-16 2008-05-16 Theft prevention system for a portable electric apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2000650A NL2000650C2 (en) 2007-05-16 2007-05-16 Theft protection system for application to a portable electrical installation.
NL2000650 2007-05-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008140314A1 true WO2008140314A1 (en) 2008-11-20

Family

ID=39135190

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2008/050290 Ceased WO2008140314A1 (en) 2007-05-16 2008-05-16 Theft prevention system for a portable electric apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20100271206A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2150945A1 (en)
NL (1) NL2000650C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2008140314A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3019678A1 (en) * 2014-04-03 2015-10-09 Cameleon Group ANTI-THEFT DEVICE OF PORTABLE DEVICES CONNECTED BY A WIRED CONNECTION TO A DISPLAY

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8493226B2 (en) 2010-08-30 2013-07-23 Brian Tedesco Battery charger loss prevention adaptor having a notification module
CN104408852B (en) * 2014-09-05 2018-02-06 国家电网公司 Utilize collection in worksite and the distribution transformer theft auxiliary judgment method of mechanics of communication
CN104408846A (en) * 2014-10-29 2015-03-11 国家电网公司 Anti-theft system

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DE4220460A1 (en) * 1992-06-23 1994-01-05 Sel Alcatel Ag Mains AC-powered load protection appts. against unauthorised removal of household power tool - exploits sensitivity of transformer-coupled circuit to residual current through 150-nanofarad interference suppression capacitor, when tool is switched off yet plugged in using active rectifier, comparator and relay.
WO1995027958A1 (en) * 1994-04-09 1995-10-19 Tonebell Limited Alarms incorporating plug for electric appliances
DE4432676A1 (en) * 1994-09-14 1996-03-21 Bernd Kuehling Monitoring device for computers with connected devices such as monitors, printers or the like
FR2768227A1 (en) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-12 Jean Marie Gourlaouen Protecting information technology equipment
WO2002037128A2 (en) * 2000-11-02 2002-05-10 Michael Graham Miller Verification system
US20020149502A1 (en) * 2002-04-02 2002-10-17 Goss Milton E. Event counter apparatus

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3019678A1 (en) * 2014-04-03 2015-10-09 Cameleon Group ANTI-THEFT DEVICE OF PORTABLE DEVICES CONNECTED BY A WIRED CONNECTION TO A DISPLAY

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Publication number Publication date
US20100271206A1 (en) 2010-10-28
NL2000650C2 (en) 2008-11-18
EP2150945A1 (en) 2010-02-10

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