WO2009013839A1 - ネコタンパク尿診断薬 - Google Patents
ネコタンパク尿診断薬 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009013839A1 WO2009013839A1 PCT/JP2007/064724 JP2007064724W WO2009013839A1 WO 2009013839 A1 WO2009013839 A1 WO 2009013839A1 JP 2007064724 W JP2007064724 W JP 2007064724W WO 2009013839 A1 WO2009013839 A1 WO 2009013839A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- urine
- cauxin
- cat
- protein
- lectin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
- G01N2333/4724—Lectins
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
- G01N2333/914—Hydrolases (3)
- G01N2333/916—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1), e.g. phosphatases (3.1.3), phospholipases C or phospholipases D (3.1.4)
- G01N2333/918—Carboxylic ester hydrolases (3.1.1)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/34—Genitourinary disorders
- G01N2800/347—Renal failures; Glomerular diseases; Tubulointerstitial diseases, e.g. nephritic syndrome, glomerulonephritis; Renovascular diseases, e.g. renal artery occlusion, nephropathy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a feline urine test in veterinary clinics, and relates to a method for detecting feline proteinuria and diagnosing feline renal dysfunction and a diagnostic agent for feline renal dysfunction.
- Cats bred as pets are very susceptible to kidney disease as they grow older, and account for the top cause of death. ing.
- measuring the amount of protein excreted in the urine is used for early diagnosis of kidney disease.
- Proteinuria is used as a diagnostic marker for early notification of kidney abnormalities.
- the protein auxin (Cauxin) derived from the kidney is still present in the urine at a high concentration, so the physiological proteinuria (Cauxin urine) and pathological protein urine are commercially available on commercially available urine test papers. Cannot be identified.
- a method for detecting feline kidney disease by measuring urinary coxin has been reported, but a special reagent is required (see Patent Document 1).
- test paper for protein measurement that is generally used for urinalysis, and there is a demand for the development of a simple test method.
- urinary coxin levels differed greatly in gender, and it was difficult to detect kidney disease by detecting cauxin.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-250575
- the present invention provides a method for diagnosing feline kidney disease by detecting feline urine protein without being affected by coxin using a test paper for protein measurement generally used in urinalysis, and a diagnostic agent. With the goal.
- Cauxin secreted in the urine of healthy cats is a sugar tamper with a molecular weight of about 70 kd. It is quality.
- the present inventor analyzed the binding between a lectin, a plant seed-derived protein that specifically binds to a glycoprotein, and feline urine protein, and the lentil-derived lectin and cauxin specifically bound to each other. It was found that the binding of urinary protein is not so much. Therefore, a gel (lentil lectin sepharose) bound with lentil lectin was added to the cat urine sample, suspended, and then the supernatant protein was analyzed. As a result, only cauxin was adsorbed on the gel, and other urine proteins were recovered in the supernatant.
- a method for detecting urinary protein derived from feline renal dysfunction comprising removing cauxin from feline urine and detecting the protein in the sample of urine from which the cauxin is removed.
- Cauxin is removed from feline urine using a column packed with a lectin that specifically binds to cauxin or an anti-cauxin antibody. Detection of urinary protein derived from renal dysfunction in cats in [3] Method.
- the lectin that specifically binds to cauxin is lentil lectin [2]
- Sepharose is a carrier to which a lectin that specifically binds to cauxin is bound. (Registered trademark) or TOYOPEARL (registered trademark) [3; [1] The method for detecting urine protein derived from renal dysfunction in cats according to any one of [7].
- [9] The method for detecting feline urine protein according to any one of [1:] to [8], comprising detecting feline urine protein and determining whether the cat has renal dysfunction.
- a reagent for detecting urinary protein derived from cat renal dysfunction comprising a carrier conjugated with a lectin that specifically binds to cauxin or an anti-cauxin antibody and a urine test paper for detecting urine protein.
- [1 1] A urine protein derived from feline kidney dysfunction according to [1 0], comprising a column packed with a carrier bound with a lectin that specifically binds to cauxin or an anti-cauxin antibody and a urine test paper for detecting urine protein Detection reagent.
- [1 2] The reagent for detecting urine protein derived from renal dysfunction in cats according to [1 0] or [1 1], wherein the lectin that specifically binds to cauxin is lentil lectin.
- Sepharose (registered trademark) or TOYOPEARL (registered trademark) is a carrier to which a lectin that specifically binds to cauxin is bound [1 0] to [12] derived from cat renal dysfunction Urine protein detection reagent.
- a feline renal dysfunction diagnostic agent comprising the feline urine protein detection reagent.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a cat proteinuria diagnostic kit.
- Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the reaction of various lectins with cauxin using a lectin plot.
- FIG 3 shows the results of removal of cauxin from urine samples by LCA-cauxin.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a method for preparing and using a carrier column using a blue chip.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the results of SDS-PAGE of a urine sample passed through a carrier column.
- Figure 6A shows a sample in a urine sample passed through a carrier column (LCA-Sepharose column).
- FIG. 6B is a graph showing the amount of protein in the urine sample passed through the Sepharose CL-6B column used as a control.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of SDS-PAGE of a urine sample from which cauxin has been removed using Topearl carrier.
- FIG. 8A shows the results of quantification of the amount of cauxin by Bradford quantification method using SDS-PAGE gel of urine sample from which coxin was removed using Toyopearl carrier.
- FIG. 8B shows the results of quantification of the amount of cauxin by the densitometry constant volume method using SDS-PAGE gel of urine sample from which cauxin was removed using Toyopearl carrier.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the results of SDS-PAGE of a urine sample from which coxin has been removed using a crosslinked Topearl carrier. '
- FIG. 10A shows the results of quantification of the amount of cauxin by the Bradford quantification method using SDS-PAGE gel of a urine sample from which cauxin was removed using a crosslinked Toyopearl carrier.
- FIG. 10B shows the results of quantification of the amount of cauxin by densitometry quantification using SDS-PAGE gel of a urine sample from which cauxin was removed using a crosslinked Toyopearl carrier.
- Fig. 11 shows the results of measuring urinary protein using urine test paper (Pretest, Wako Pure Chemical Industries) using urine samples from which cauxin was removed and untreated urine samples.
- Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the results of SDS-PAGE of urine passed through the cat urine with serum added to the cross-linked Toyopearl carrier.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the results of quantification of the urine by adding feline urine added with serum to a cross-linked Toyopearl carrier and passing through it.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the results of SDS-PAGE of urine obtained by passing urine of a cat suffering from kidney disease through addition to a crosslinked Toyopearl carrier.
- Figure 15 shows the urine of a cat suffering from kidney disease passed through a cross-linked Toyopearl carrier. ⁇ i / JP 2007/064724 It is a figure which shows the result of SDS-PAGE of urine. '
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the results of SDS-PAGE of urine obtained by adding urine from a cat suffering from kidney disease to a cross-linked Toyopearl carrier.
- feline kidney dysfunction is diagnosed by removing cauxin from cat urine and measuring the remaining protein in cat urine.
- a cat in the present invention refers to an animal belonging to the family Cat., An animal belonging to the cat subfamily such as domestic cat, puma, wild cat, etc., an animal belonging to the subfamily such as leopard, lion, tiger, jaguar, etc. Includes animals belonging to the Cheetah subfamily.
- Cauxin can be removed from feline urine using a substance that specifically binds to cauxin.
- a substance that specifically binds to cauxin is a substance that binds to cauxin contained in feline urine, but other proteins in cat urine, especially cats suffer from renal dysfunction, A substance that does not bind to proteins present in urine at high concentrations.
- proteins other than cauxin present in cat urine include albumin, globulin,] 32 microglobulin, and the like.
- substances that specifically bind to euxin include lectins and anti-cauxin antibodies. As a lectin that specifically binds to cauxin,
- Con A Lentil lectin
- LCA Lentil lectin
- PNA Peanut lectin
- RCA kidney bean lectin
- PHA kidney bean lectin
- WGA wheat germ lectin
- PSA endumer lectin
- VFA broad bean lectin
- LCA lentil lectin
- compounds that specifically bind to coxin such as a cauxin substrate or an analog thereof can be exemplified.
- Anti-cauxin antibodies can be easily obtained as polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies by purifying cauxin from cat urine and immunizing animals.
- the cat urine is contacted with a substance that specifically binds to cauxin, and the complex of cauxin and a substance that specifically binds to cauxin may be removed.
- a substance that specifically binds to coxin is bound to an appropriate carrier, and the bound carrier is bound to a column.
- feline urine from which coxin has been removed can be obtained by passing feline urine through the column and collecting the passed urine.
- a carrier bound with a substance that specifically binds to cauxin may be added to cat urine and reacted for a certain period of time, and then the complex of the carrier and cauxin may be removed by centrifugation or filtration.
- the complex of the substance that specifically binds to cauxin and cauxin may be removed by centrifugation.
- Sepharose registered trademark
- Sephadex registered trademark
- Cel lulofine registered trademark
- AFC type affinity chromatography
- T0Y0PERAL registered trademark
- T0Y0PEARL AF-Tresy To 650 T0Y0PEARL AF-Carboxy-650, T0Y0PEARL AF-Formy To 650, T0Y0PEARL AF-Amino-650, T0Y0PEARL AF-Epoxy-650 (Tosoh Corporation) can be used.
- Carriers to which various lectins are bound are commercially available, and these commercially available lectin-binding carriers may be used. Examples of commercially available products include LCA-Sepharose (Amersham) and lentil lectin-agarose (Seikagaku Corporation).
- the method of separating proteins that bind to lectins using lectins is known as affinity mouthmatography using a lectin column. Determination of the lectin to be used, binding of the lectin to the carrier, creation of the column, For the determination of conditions for binding to proteins, see, for example, “Seminar in Experimental Chemistry 3 Carbohydrate I Glycoprotein (above) P. 3-P. 29 Issued on May 21, 1990, Tokyo Chemical Dojin” Can be done.
- the capacity of the mini column is, for example, 100 1 to 2000 ⁇
- the tip of a commercially available micropipette tip (blue tip or yellow tip) made of a resin such as polypropylene is packed with absorbent cotton, filter paper, etc., and a carrier to which a substance that specifically binds to cauxin is bound, Make a colixin removal column and add cat urine to the mini column to collect the urine By doing so, feline urine from which coxin has been removed can be obtained.
- a buffer such as Tris buffer or phosphate buffer may be used for column equilibration and elution of protein adsorbed on the column.
- the amount ratio of the feline urine and the substance that specifically binds to cauxin is not limited, but it may be contacted at an amount ratio that removes all the cauxin in cat urine.
- Cauxin is present in about 0.9 mg / ml in the urine of healthy cats, and about 0.1 mg / ml or less in the urine of cats suffering from renal dysfunction.
- the treatment is carried out so as to remove 90% or more, preferably 95% or more of cauxin present in the urine of healthy cats.
- the protein in cat urine from which cauxin has been removed may be measured. Examples of proteins that can serve as markers for renal dysfunction include albumin, lysozyme, haptoglobin, and the like.
- Urine protein can be measured using test paper for urine protein measurement.
- test paper for measuring urine protein As a test paper for measuring urine protein, a known commercially available one may be used. Examples of commercially available test papers include pretested products from Wako Pure Chemical Industries.
- the test paper is a test paper impregnated with a pH indicator such as bromophenol blue or tetrabromophenol blue and a pH buffer such as citrate buffer, and the protein is detected by the protein error of the pH indicator.
- kidney disease In the case of cats, it is possible to diagnose whether or not they have kidney disease based on the urinary protein concentration from which cauxin has been removed. Cat urine protein concentration, approximately 100 to several hundred / ig / ml, preferably in the case of about 100 to about 200 ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ 1 more likely you are suffering from kidney disease. Eventually, a veterinarian's comprehensive judgment will diagnose whether or not he has kidney disease.
- a protein derived from renal dysfunction in cat urine can be dusted out, and feline renal dysfunction can be diagnosed.
- the present invention relates to a renal dysfunction cause comprising a carrier bound with a substance that specifically binds to cauxin or a column packed with the carrier, and a urine protein detection test paper.
- a renal dysfunction cause comprising a carrier bound with a substance that specifically binds to cauxin or a column packed with the carrier, and a urine protein detection test paper.
- reagents or kits to detect native feline urine protein includes a diagnostic agent or diagnostic kit for feline renal dysfunction containing the reagent.
- Lectins are proteins that have the activity of recognizing and specifically binding to sugar chains of glycoproteins. As a result of examining the binding activity of various lectins to the sugar chain of cauxin, it is clear that lentil lectin (lens cul inaris lectin: LCA) has high affinity and specifically binds to urinary cauxin. ( Figure 2).
- Example 2 Reaction of lectin carrier and urine using blue chip for micropipette
- 200 / zl of LCA-Sepharose was filled into a benolet chip, equilibrated with TBS, and then urine 300 1 was applied.
- One drop of urine that passed through the column (approximately 50 ⁇ 1) was collected.
- the collected urine was subjected to SDS-PAGE at 10 / l under non-reducing conditions, then the gel was stained with CBB (Fig. 5), and the protein was quantified by the Bradford method (Fig. 6).
- Example 3 Removal of Cauxin Using Toyopearl Carrier
- T0Y0PEARL AF-Tresyl 650M T0HS0H, hereinafter abbreviated as “Toyopearl”
- Toyopearl T0Y0PEARL AF-Tresyl 650M
- Fig. 9 shows the results of SDS-PAGE
- Fig. 10A shows the results of Bradford Passey
- Fig. 10B shows the results of quantification using densitometry.
- Example 5 Measurement using the urine of a cat suffering from kidney disease
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07791418A EP2180318B1 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2007-07-20 | Diagnostic agent for urinary protein of cat |
| US12/452,687 US8268639B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2007-07-20 | Diagnostic kit for detecting urinary protein of a cat after cauxin removal |
| PCT/JP2007/064724 WO2009013839A1 (ja) | 2007-07-20 | 2007-07-20 | ネコタンパク尿診断薬 |
| JP2009524365A JP5346289B2 (ja) | 2007-07-20 | 2007-07-20 | ネコタンパク尿診断薬 |
| US13/587,255 US8415163B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2012-08-16 | Method of diagnosing renal dysfunction in a cat based on non-cauxin protein levels |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/064724 WO2009013839A1 (ja) | 2007-07-20 | 2007-07-20 | ネコタンパク尿診断薬 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/452,687 A-371-Of-International US8268639B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2007-07-20 | Diagnostic kit for detecting urinary protein of a cat after cauxin removal |
| US13/587,255 Division US8415163B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2012-08-16 | Method of diagnosing renal dysfunction in a cat based on non-cauxin protein levels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009013839A1 true WO2009013839A1 (ja) | 2009-01-29 |
Family
ID=40281102
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/064724 Ceased WO2009013839A1 (ja) | 2007-07-20 | 2007-07-20 | ネコタンパク尿診断薬 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8268639B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2180318B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5346289B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2009013839A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011102540A1 (ja) * | 2010-02-17 | 2011-08-25 | 国立大学法人千葉大学 | ネコ尿中コーキシン除去材料 |
| JP2012189504A (ja) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-10-04 | Kitasato Institute | ネコ由来β2ミクログロブリンの測定方法および測定キット、ならびに、そのための抗体および抗体産生細胞株 |
| JP2012189503A (ja) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-10-04 | Kitasato Institute | ネコ由来α1ミクログロブリンの測定方法および測定キット、ならびに、そのための抗体および抗体産生細胞株 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8268639B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2012-09-18 | Incorporated National University Iwate University | Diagnostic kit for detecting urinary protein of a cat after cauxin removal |
| US20110023156A1 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2011-01-27 | Sigma-Aldrich Co. | Feline genome editing with zinc finger nucleases |
| US8956859B1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2015-02-17 | Aviex Technologies Llc | Compositions and methods for determining successful immunization by one or more vaccines |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003250575A (ja) | 2002-03-04 | 2003-09-09 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co Ltd | ネコ腎臓病診断マーカー |
| US20060270051A1 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2006-11-30 | Jenkins Dennis B | Protein detection system |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1227293B (it) * | 1988-10-06 | 1991-04-05 | Boehringer Biochemia Srl | Dispositivo e metodo per la diagnosi di gravidanza |
| EP0535485B1 (en) * | 1991-10-03 | 1997-07-16 | Bayer Corporation | Device and method of separating and assaying whole blood |
| US7691645B2 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2010-04-06 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Immunosubtraction method |
| US8268639B2 (en) | 2007-07-20 | 2012-09-18 | Incorporated National University Iwate University | Diagnostic kit for detecting urinary protein of a cat after cauxin removal |
-
2007
- 2007-07-20 US US12/452,687 patent/US8268639B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-07-20 EP EP07791418A patent/EP2180318B1/en active Active
- 2007-07-20 JP JP2009524365A patent/JP5346289B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-07-20 WO PCT/JP2007/064724 patent/WO2009013839A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-08-16 US US13/587,255 patent/US8415163B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003250575A (ja) | 2002-03-04 | 2003-09-09 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co Ltd | ネコ腎臓病診断マーカー |
| US20040214171A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2004-10-28 | Tohoku Techno Arch Co., Ltd. | Cat kidney disease marker |
| US20060270051A1 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2006-11-30 | Jenkins Dennis B | Protein detection system |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| MIYAZAKI M. ET AL: "Tubulointerstitial nephritis causes decreased renal expression and urinary excretion of cauxin, a major urinary protein of the domestic cat", RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE, vol. 82, no. 1, February 2007 (2007-02-01), pages 76 - 79, XP005724402 * |
| See also references of EP2180318A4 * |
| SUZUKI Y. ET AL.: "Structural characterization of N-glycans of cauxin by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and nano LC-ESI-mass spectrometry", BIOSCI. BIOTECHNOL. BIOCHEM., vol. 71, no. 3, 7 March 2007 (2007-03-07), pages 811 - 816, XP003024650 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011102540A1 (ja) * | 2010-02-17 | 2011-08-25 | 国立大学法人千葉大学 | ネコ尿中コーキシン除去材料 |
| US8962705B2 (en) | 2010-02-17 | 2015-02-24 | National University Corporation Chiba University | Material for removing cauxin in cat urine |
| JP5920888B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-17 | 2016-05-18 | 国立大学法人 千葉大学 | ネコ尿中コーキシン除去材料 |
| JP2012189504A (ja) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-10-04 | Kitasato Institute | ネコ由来β2ミクログロブリンの測定方法および測定キット、ならびに、そのための抗体および抗体産生細胞株 |
| JP2012189503A (ja) * | 2011-03-11 | 2012-10-04 | Kitasato Institute | ネコ由来α1ミクログロブリンの測定方法および測定キット、ならびに、そのための抗体および抗体産生細胞株 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2009013839A1 (ja) | 2010-09-30 |
| US20100190262A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
| EP2180318A4 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
| EP2180318B1 (en) | 2012-08-29 |
| JP5346289B2 (ja) | 2013-11-20 |
| EP2180318A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
| US8415163B2 (en) | 2013-04-09 |
| US8268639B2 (en) | 2012-09-18 |
| US20120309110A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
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