WO2009026832A1 - Intelligent electrical energy management system device - Google Patents

Intelligent electrical energy management system device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009026832A1
WO2009026832A1 PCT/CN2008/072073 CN2008072073W WO2009026832A1 WO 2009026832 A1 WO2009026832 A1 WO 2009026832A1 CN 2008072073 W CN2008072073 W CN 2008072073W WO 2009026832 A1 WO2009026832 A1 WO 2009026832A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
chip
data
management system
control module
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2008/072073
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Youyun Dong
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US12/672,867 priority Critical patent/US20110029145A1/en
Priority to EP08784064.1A priority patent/EP2182603B1/en
Priority to JP2010521285A priority patent/JP2010537618A/ja
Publication of WO2009026832A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009026832A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network
    • H02J13/13Circuit arrangements for providing remote monitoring or remote control of equipment in a power distribution network characterised by the transmission of data to equipment in the power network
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control device, and more particularly to an intelligent power management system assembly for home, office and industrial power management.
  • the daily electricity consumption is the rated voltage of the industrial frequency single-phase 120V or 220/240V
  • the industrial power is the rated voltage of the power frequency AC three-phase 380/400V.
  • the first generation of low-voltage electrical switch master control unit consists of a knife box and a fuse box. It realizes the function of manually cutting off and opening the power supply line and automatically cutting off the power supply circuit by overcurrent of the current exceeding the rated value of the fuse. At present, this technology has been basically eliminated.
  • the second generation of low-voltage electrical switch master control unit is composed of leakage protector and air switch.
  • the leakage protector is a switch device that avoids fire accidents caused by electric leakage and prevents electric shock and casualties.
  • the power switch can be automatically cut off within a certain time.
  • the air switch is also the circuit breaker, which is connected, disconnected and carries the rated working current in the power supply circuit, and can be protected in the case of overload, short circuit and undervoltage of the line and the electric equipment. They can realize leakage protection, overcurrent protection, line short circuit protection, and voltage loss protection.
  • the leakage protector operates in a mechanical linkage mode with low sensitivity and slow response. After power-on, you need to manually turn it on, and the leakage protection will automatically cut off the circuit, but the response speed is slow. There is no automatic detection function, and it is impossible to judge whether the leakage protection function is good or bad, and manual intervention is required.
  • the disadvantage of the air switch is that the rated current value is fixed and too large, far exceeding the maximum operating current of the electrical equipment used in home and office use, and can not really play the role of overcurrent protection.
  • the air switch is also operated by mechanical linkage, and the action is slow and the sensitivity is low.
  • the method of overcurrent protection is to rely on the heat generated by the contacts to deform the metal piece, or to use electromagnetic induction to generate magnetic force, and to push the mechanical linkage to cut off the circuit. In this case, the mechanical action The speed response is sluggish, it is easy to damage the electrical equipment, and the rated value is too large.
  • the low voltage electrical switch total control device has no overvoltage protection, no low voltage protection, no fixed enthalpy control, power failure or abnormal ⁇ , no relevant mention Display and display, can not guide the user to use and operate correctly.
  • the mechanical linkage mode is used to cut off the circuit for protection, the function is single, and the manual operation is required, and the automatic operation cannot be realized.
  • the present invention provides a The intelligent power management system master device, through the external power line (external power line refers to the phase line and the neutral line, also known as the live line and the neutral line), the collection of the actual data of the neutral line or the neutral line.
  • the data conversion, logic judgment, analysis and comparison, output control, and output display are completed by the single-chip microcomputer control unit to achieve the purpose of automatic control.
  • an intelligent power management system device the device includes a power module, a control module, a storage module, an input module, a cuckoo clock module, and a current detection conversion transmission
  • the module (converts the AC signal into a DC signal, hereinafter referred to as a current detection module), the electronic control switch, and the storage module set by the storage device is connected with the data end of the control module, and the input module is connected with the data end of the control module to provide an implementation.
  • the clock module of the clock information is connected with the data end of the control module, and the output end of the current detecting module for detecting the current of the electric device is connected with the data end of the control module, and the electronic control switch control end is connected with the data end of the control module, and the external power source is passed.
  • the connected electronic control switch and the current detecting module supply power to the powered device, and the input end of the power module is connected to the external power source, and the output terminal of the power module supplies power to each module in the device.
  • the technical solution for solving the technical problem of the present invention further includes:
  • the device is further provided with a temperature detecting module for detecting the temperature of the input power line, the temperature sensing element of the temperature detecting module is closely attached to the input power line, and the output end of the temperature detecting module is connected with the data end of the control module,
  • the temperature sensing element uses a thermistor.
  • the device is further provided with a voltage detection conversion transmission module for detecting an external power supply voltage (converting an AC signal into a DC signal, hereinafter referred to as a voltage detection module), a voltage detection module using a voltage sensor, and a voltage sensor power supply.
  • a voltage detection conversion transmission module for detecting an external power supply voltage (converting an AC signal into a DC signal, hereinafter referred to as a voltage detection module), a voltage detection module using a voltage sensor, and a voltage sensor power supply.
  • the signal collector terminals are respectively connected to the neutral line and the phase line of the external power source, and the signal output end of the voltage sensor is connected to the data terminal of the control module.
  • the device is further provided with a display module composed of an LED matrix or a liquid crystal display for displaying device information and operation information, and the display module is connected to the data end of the control module.
  • the device is also provided with a wireless remote control module for wireless remote control information, a wireless remote control module and control
  • the data terminal of the module is connected, and the remote control module is connected with a superheterodyne wireless transceiver module for transmitting and receiving wireless signals on the data end of the single chip chip, and a memory chip is connected to the data end of the single chip chip.
  • the device is further provided with an audible prompt module composed of a buzzer for prompting or alarming, and the sound prompting module is connected with the data end of the control module.
  • the device is further provided with a communication module for communicating with a computer, and the communication module is connected with the data end of the control module.
  • the device is further provided with an anti-surge current module composed of a varistor or a transient protection diode (TVS), and the anti-surge current module is connected with an external power line.
  • an anti-surge current module composed of a varistor or a transient protection diode (TVS)
  • TVS transient protection diode
  • the external power supply is provided with a leakage protection device.
  • the leakage protection device is provided with a closed magnetic conductor on the external power supply line, the conductor is wrapped with a wire, one end of the wire is grounded, and the other end is connected to the base of the triode.
  • the positive pole of the power supply is connected to the control end of the electronic control switch through a triode, and the external power supply supplies power to the powered device through the electronic control switch.
  • the electronically controlled switch can be used with relays, AC contactors, thyristors, photo-electric solid relays, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs).
  • relays AC contactors, thyristors, photo-electric solid relays, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs).
  • IGBTs insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • MOSFETs metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are:
  • the invention has the functions of real voltage and current monitoring and detection, fast response, avoiding overcurrent, overload, short circuit, overvoltage, low voltage and damage to the electrical equipment and other power accidents. It also has temperature monitoring and detection of self-starting and self-detecting function of the leakage protector and heat generation of the line to prolong the service life of the line and avoid fire. Increase the automatic setting switch to save energy.
  • keyboard, display, wireless remote control function users can arrange and use the power equipment reasonably and freely.
  • the invention also has a remote control interface that can communicate with a computer for remote operation and control. Moreover, the above functions can also be queried and displayed, guiding the user to correctly use the electrical equipment and to easily find the power failure, and avoid accidents.
  • the present invention employs microelectronics technology, and the switching portion of all lines has a fast response.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a circuit structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the main control circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an input and display circuit of the present invention.
  • 4 is a schematic diagram of a temperature detecting circuit of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a voltage and current detecting circuit of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a software flow diagram of the present invention.
  • This embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and other principles and basic structures thereof are the same as or similar to those of the present embodiment, and are all within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention takes a control module as a core, and in this embodiment, the control module uses a single-chip circuit module.
  • the real clock module is connected to the data terminal of the single-chip circuit module by the I2C bus to provide accurate real-time clock information for the system, and provides the inter-turn information for the fixed-switching machine;
  • the input module is connected to the data end of the single-chip circuit module.
  • Upper, for system parameter setting, etc.; storage module uses E2PROM circuit module, E2PROM circuit module is connected with data terminal of single chip circuit module through I2C bus, storage module is used to store various information of single chip microcomputer, data will not be after power off Lost.
  • the control data output end of the single-chip circuit module is respectively connected with the control end of each group of relay switches, and the external power supply supplies power to the electric equipment through the relay.
  • the single-chip circuit module can control whether the external power supply gives corresponding power by controlling the opening and closing of the relay switch.
  • the device is powered.
  • a current detecting module is connected between the relay output and the corresponding power-consuming device, and the current detecting module detects the current consumption of the corresponding power-consuming device, and the signal output end of the current detecting module is respectively connected with the data end of the single-chip circuit module, which can be realized.
  • the purpose of flow protection is connected between the relay output and the corresponding power-consuming device, and the current detecting module detects the current consumption of the corresponding power-consuming device, and the signal output end of the current detecting module is respectively connected with the data end of the single-chip circuit module, which can be realized.
  • the present invention is provided with a display module, and the display module is connected with the data end of the single chip circuit module.
  • the invention has an audio prompting module, the sound prompting module is connected with the data end of the single chip circuit module, and the sound prompting module uses a buzzer, and the data end of the single chip circuit module sends a pulse of the corresponding frequency to drive the buzzer to sound, and can remind
  • the effectiveness and illegality of the user after manual operation or automatic operation of the device can also generate an alarm in the event of an overload, overvoltage or overcurrent.
  • the data terminal of the single-chip circuit module is connected with a communication module, and the communication module converts the signal in the single-chip microcomputer into a signal of RS485 protocol to communicate with the computer, and the invention can be remotely operated and controlled by a computer, and the invention can also be upgraded by a computer.
  • a wireless remote control module is connected to the data end of the single chip circuit module, and the wireless remote control module can be matched with the handheld remote control, and the remote control operation of the present invention is performed by the remote controller.
  • a temperature sensing component is arranged on the external power supply line, and the temperature detecting module signal output terminal and the single chip circuit mainly composed of the temperature sensing component are The data side of the module is connected.
  • the detection input end of the voltage detection module is connected to the external power supply line, and the signal output end of the voltage detection module is connected with the data end of the single chip circuit module, and the voltage detection module is used for detecting whether the external power supply voltage is stable and exceeds the rated voltage. If the value exceeds the rated voltage, the voltage detection module sends a signal to the MCU, and the MCU controls to disconnect the external power supply to avoid damage to the electrical equipment.
  • the anti-surge current module is connected to the external power supply line of the invention to prevent damage to the electrical equipment caused by instantaneous high voltage such as lightning strike.
  • the single chip U101 is combined with an external capacitor, a resistor and a quartz crystal oscillator to form a minimum system of the single chip microcomputer, and the minimum system of the single chip microcomputer is used as a single chip circuit module.
  • the single chip microcomputer U 101 uses the PIC series.
  • the single-chip microcomputer, the specific model is PIC16F77, the specific implementation, you can also use other series or model of single-chip microcomputer instead.
  • the ⁇ clock chip U111 and the external crystal oscillator form a ⁇ clock module, and the ⁇ clock module is connected to the SCL bow I and the SDA bow
  • the ⁇ clock chip Ul 11 uses the ⁇ clock of the model PCF8563 chip.
  • the memory chip uses the E2PROM chip U106.
  • the E2PROM chip U106 uses the AT24C16 chip, and the E2PROM chip U106 is connected to the SCL pin and the SDA pin of the single chip U101 through the I2C bus, and the SCL pin of the single chip U101.
  • the SDA pin is a multiplexed pin.
  • the data input terminals of the data latch U103, the data latch U104, and the data latch U105 are respectively connected to the I/O ports RB0-RB7 of the single chip U101 through the BUS bus, and the 1/0 port RB0-RB7 of the single chip U101 is divided into points. ⁇ Multiplexed pins.
  • the enable signal pin of the data latch U103 is connected to the I/O port RA4 of the single chip U101, and the enable signal pin of the data latch U104 is connected to the I/O port RE0 of the single chip U101, and the data latch U105 is connected.
  • the enable signal pin is connected to the I/O port RE1 of the single chip U101, and the strobe signal terminals of the data latch U103, the data latch U104, and the data latch U105 are connected to the !/0 port RE2 of the single chip U101. .
  • the data output end of the data latch U104 is connected to the input end of the driving chip U112, the output end of the driving chip U112 is connected to the 1-8 way relay control end, and the relay is driven by the driving chip U112; the data output of the data latch U105
  • the terminal is connected to the input end of the driving chip U113, and the output end of the driving chip U113 is connected to the 9-16 way relay control end, and the relay is operated by the driving chip U113.
  • the data latch U103, the data latch U104, and the data latch U105 all use the 74 HC373 chip, and the driver chip U112 and the driver chip U113 both use the ULN2003A chip.
  • the data output terminals of the driving chip U 102 are respectively connected to the I/O ports RB0-RB7 of the single chip U101.
  • the driving The chip U102 uses the 74HC244 chip.
  • 8 select 1 chip U108, 8 select 1 chip U109 data input terminal is connected with the current voltage sensor HALL_A301 to the current voltage sensor HALL_A316 signal output terminal
  • 8 select 1 chip U108 output terminal is connected with the microcontroller U101 I / O port RA0
  • the output of the 8 select 1 chip U109 is connected with the I/O port RA1 of the single chip U101, and the data selection end of the 8 select 1 chip U108 and the 8 select 1 chip U109 are respectively connected with the I/O ports RD4, RD5, RD6 of the single chip U101.
  • the 8 select 1 chip U108 and the 8 select 1 chip U109 both use the 4051 chip.
  • the communication module of the present invention uses the RS485 chip U115.
  • the RS485 chip U115 uses the MAX487 chip, and the RS485 chip has a light-emitting diode connected to the power terminal VCC and the data transmitting terminal DI to indicate whether the RS485 chip works normally. And send data normally.
  • the present invention uses the operational amplifier U117A and the operational amplifier U117B to form a secondary amplification, amplifies the signal output from the thermistor NTC, and inputs it into the I/O port RA5 of the microcontroller U101.
  • the temperature set point can be changed by adjusting the size of the potentiometer R123.
  • the operational amplifier U117A and the operational amplifier U117B are LM358, and the thermistor NTC is used with the RT601.
  • the remote control module of the invention is composed of a single chip U116, a memory chip U118 and a superheterodyne wireless transceiver module.
  • the serial communication is used between the memory chip U118 and the single chip U116, and the superheterodyne wireless transceiver module is connected with the data end of the single chip U116.
  • a light-emitting diode LED103 is connected to the data end of the single chip U116 for learning to use.
  • the buzzer U107 is driven to sound by the transistor Q101, and the base of the transistor Q101 is connected to the I/O port RC0 of the single chip U101.
  • a +5V power supply is supplied through a 5V regulator chip U114.
  • the circuit shown in the figure is the input and display circuit of the present invention.
  • the input keyboard uses a 4x4 keyboard, and the line scan signal output end of the keyboard and the I/O of the single chip U101 are respectively respectively.
  • Ports RD0-RD4 are connected, and the column scan signal output terminals of the keyboard are respectively connected to the input ports 2A1-2A4 of the driving chip U102.
  • the display module is divided into a matrix LED display and an LCD display.
  • the LCD display uses a liquid crystal driving chip LCD201, and the liquid crystal driving chip LCD201 is connected to the output terminals Q2 and Q3 of the data latch U103 through the I2C bus, and is connected through the I2C bus.
  • the display data is transmitted to the LCD driver chip LCD201, and the liquid crystal display is driven for display.
  • the matrix LED display uses 4x8 LED display, and the serial/parallel chip U201 serial data input terminal is connected to the output terminal Q5 of the data latch U103 through the I2C bus, and the serial/parallel chip U 201, serial/parallel port
  • the serial synchronization signal input terminals of the chip U202, the serial/parallel chip U203, and the serial/parallel chip U204 are all connected with the output terminal Q6 of the data latch U103, the serial/parallel chip U201, the serial/parallel chip U 202.
  • the display array enable input terminals of the serial/parallel chip U203 and the serial/parallel chip U204 are both connected to the output terminal Q7 of the data latch U103, and the Q7 end of the serial/parallel chip U201 and the SER end of the serial/parallel chip U202 Connection, the Q7 end of the serial/parallel chip U202 is connected with the SER end of the serial/parallel chip U203, and the Q7 end of the serial/parallel chip U203 is connected with the SER end of the serial/parallel chip U204, the serial/parallel chip U201, the serial/parallel chip U202, serial/parallel chip U203, serial/parallel chip U204 parallel data output terminals are respectively connected with corresponding light-emitting diodes, through serial/parallel chip U201, serial/parallel chip U202, serial/parallel chip U203, serial/parallel chip U204 Driving the respective LEDs to display the corresponding content.
  • the current algebraic sum flowing into L _IN and N_IN is not zero, so that a mutual inductance current is generated on the coil of the transformer, and the diode is rectified to trigger Q601 to control the base of Q602.
  • the leakage current is not more than 30mA, and the turn-off time is less than 0.03S.
  • a varistor YM601 is connected between the neutral line and the phase line of the external power input line to prevent damage to the electrical equipment caused by lightning surges and other surge voltages.
  • the neutral line and the phase line of the external power input line are respectively connected to the IN and OU T ends of the voltage sensor HALL_CV601, and the output end of the voltage sensor HALL_CV601 is connected with the I/O port RA2 of the single chip U101 for detecting whether the external power supply voltage is normal.
  • the voltage sensor HALL_CV601 uses CS10MA
  • the external power supply is input through relay K301, the neutral line is directly connected to the external power supply output, the phase line is input to the current voltage sensor HALL_A301, and the power output of the current voltage sensor HALL_A301 is connected to the external power supply output.
  • the signal output terminal of the current-voltage sensor HALL_A301 is connected to the input terminal X0 of the 8-sampling chip U108.
  • current and voltage sensor HALL_A302 to current voltage transmission The sensor HALL_A316 is connected to the current-voltage sensor HALL_A301 in the same way. Each current-voltage sensor controls the current consumption of one-way electrical equipment.
  • the voltage sensor HALL_A 301 to the voltage sensor HALL_A316 both use the CS25-NP type voltage sensor.
  • the circuit and the embodiment given in the present embodiment are all examples of household single-phase power consumption, and the present invention can also be applied to a three-phase industrial power of 380V.
  • the invention is applied to a three-phase industrial power supply of 380V, and only needs to increase the number of current detecting modules and the number of input and output contacts of the control module, and change the model of the voltage sensor and the transient protection diode (TVS) (making it compatible with 380V)
  • the voltages are adapted, and each phase line is respectively provided with a corresponding voltage sensor and a transient protection diode), wherein each of the power supply lines is connected in series with a current detecting module and a relay, and each current detecting module
  • the signal output terminals are respectively connected to the data input terminals of a data selector.
  • the transformer in the leakage detection module can be set on the input wire for three-phase power supply. Since the power consumption of industrial electricity is large, the relay can use a high-power electronic control switch such as an AC contactor, or a high-power device such as an AC contactor through a relay to control the power supply.
  • the invention is composed of a component structure, such as: each module is connected with a corresponding number of plugs, which can conveniently increase the number of detection and processing modules in the system device, and can be increased according to actual needs or Reducing the number of nodes in the system adds flexibility to the application.
  • the present invention uses ⁇ , please refer to FIG. 6.
  • initialization is performed first, that is, I/O port setting, ⁇ clock setting, I2C setting, etc.
  • self-test that is, performs display system.
  • Self-test day-to-day chip self-test, E2PROM self-test, control relay self-test, after self-test, cycle keyboard scan processing, current detection processing, voltage detection processing, temperature detection processing, leakage detection processing, wireless remote detection processing , serial communication processing, fixed control processing.
  • This embodiment provides a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and other embodiments that can implement the present invention, such as: relays can use AC contactors, thyristors, photoelectric solid relays, insulated gate bipolars Transistor
  • IGBT metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
  • MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Power Sources (AREA)
  • Control Of Voltage And Current In General (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Description

智能化电能管理系统装置 技术领域
[1] 本发明涉及一种控制装置, 特别是一种用于家庭、 办公及工业用电管理的智能 化电能管理系统总装置。
背景技术
[2] 日常生活用电是釆用工频单相 120V或 220/240V的额定电压, 工业用电是釆用工 频交流三相 380/400V的额定电压。 第一代低压电气开关总控制装置由闸刀盒和 保险丝瓷盒组成, 它实现了供电线路的人工切断、 开启, 以及电流超过保险丝 的额定值吋的过流自动切断供电回路的功能。 目前此项技术已基本被淘汰。 第 二代低压电气开关总控制装置是由漏电保护器和空气开关组成。 漏电保护器是 一种避免因漏电而引起的火灾事故和防止触电伤亡事故的开关装置, 当漏电流 超过一定的值吋, 在一定的吋间内能自动切断电源开关。 空气开关也就是断路 器, 在供电电路中作接通、 分断和承载额定工作电流, 并能在线路和用电设备 发生过载、 短路、 欠压的情况下进行保护。 它们可以实现漏电保护, 过流保护 , 线路短路保护, 失压保护等功能。 但是, 漏电保护器是釆用机械联动的方式 动作, 灵敏度低, 动作反应迟钝。 在上电吋需要手工扳到开启状态, 漏电保护 吋, 能自动切断电路, 但反应速度慢。 且没有自动检测功能, 无法判断漏电保 护功能的好坏, 需要人工干预自査。 空气开关的缺点是额定电流值是固定的且 过大, 远远超过了在家庭和办公使用中的用电设备的最大工作电流, 不能真正 起到过流保护的作用。 而且, 空气开关也是釆用机械联动方式动作, 动作反应 迟钝, 灵敏度低。 尤其是在过流保护吋釆用的方式是依靠触点产生的热量使金 属片变形, 或是釆用电磁感应出磁力, 推动机械式的联动装置来切断电路, 在 此吋间内, 机械动作的速度反应显得迟钝, 容易损坏用电设备, 而且额定值过 大, 若是小电流设备过载吋, 容易使线路发热厉害, 而电流没有达到空气开关 额定值, 又无法动作, 造成事故。 现有技术中, 低压电气开关总控制装置无过 压保护, 无低压保护, 无定吋控制, 出现用电故障或者不正常吋, 没有相关提 示和显示, 更不能引导使用者正确的使用和操作。
发明内容
[3] 针对上述提到的现有技术中低压电气开关总控制装置釆用机械联动方式来切断 电路进行保护, 功能单一, 且需要人手工操作, 不能实现自动操作的缺点, 本 发明提供一种智能化电能管理系统总装置, 通过对外接电源线 (外接电源线指 相线和中性线, 也就是俗称的火线和零线) 中的中相线或者中性线的实吋数据 的釆集, 由单片机控制单元完成数据转换, 逻辑判断, 分析对比, 输出控制, 输出显示, 达到自动控制的目的。
[4] 本发明解决其技术问题釆用的技术方案是: 一种智能化电能管理系统总装置, 该装置包括电源模块、 控制模块、 存储模块、 输入模块、 吋钟模块、 电流检测 转换变送模块 (将交流信号转换成直流信号, 以下简称为电流检测模块) 、 电 子控制开关, 存储装置设置的存储模块与控制模块的数据端连接, 输入模块与 控制模块的数据端连接, 提供实吋吋钟信息的吋钟模块与控制模块的数据端连 接, 检测用电设备电流大小的电流检测模块输出端与控制模块的数据端连接, 电子控制开关控制端与控制模块的数据端连接, 外接电源通过连通的电子控制 开关与电流检测模块给用电设备供电, 电源模块输入端与外接电源连接, 电源 模块输出端给装置中各个模块供电。
[5] 本发明解决其技术问题釆用的技术方案进一步还包括:
[6] 所述的装置内还设有检测输入电源线温度的温度检测模块, 温度检测模块的感 温元件紧贴输入电源线, 温度检测模块输出端与控制模块的数据端连接, 所述 的感温元件釆用热敏电阻。
[7] 所述的装置内还设有检测外接电源电压的电压检测转换变送模块 (将交流信号 转换成直流信号, 以下简称电压检测模块) , 电压检测模块釆用电压传感器, 电压传感器的电源信号釆集端分别与外接电源的中性线和相线连接, 电压传感 器的信号输出端与控制模块的数据端连接。
[8] 所述的装置内还设有用于显示装置信息及操作信息的由发光二极管矩阵或液晶 显示屏构成的显示模块, 显示模块与控制模块的数据端连接。
[9] 所述的装置内还设有接无线收遥控信息的无线遥控模块, 无线遥控模块与控制 模块的数据端连接, 所述的遥控模块为在单片机芯片的数据端上连接有用于收 发无线信号的超外差无线收发模块, 单片机芯片的数据端上连接有存储芯片。
[10] 所述的装置内还设有用于提示或报警的由蜂鸣器构成的声音提示模块, 声音提 示模块与控制模块的数据端连接。
[11] 所述的装置内还设有用于与计算机通讯的 RS485协议的通讯模块, 通讯模块与 控制模块的数据端连接。
[12] 所述的装置内还设有釆用压敏电阻或瞬态保护二极管 (TVS) 构成的防浪涌电 流模块, 防浪涌电流模块与外接电源线连接。
[13] 所述的外接电源上设有漏电保护装置, 漏电保护装置为在外接电源线上套装有 闭合导磁体, 导磁体上缠有导线, 导线一端接地, 另一端连接至三极管的基极
, 电源正极通过三极管与电子控制开关的控制端连接, 外接电源通过电子控制 开关给用电设备供电。
[14] 所述的电子控制开关可釆用继电器、 交流接触器、 可控硅、 光电固体继电器、 绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)、 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管 (MOSFET)。
[15] 本发明的有益效果是: 本发明具有实吋电压、 电流监控检测功能, 快速响应, 避免过流, 过载, 短路, 过压, 低压而损坏用电设备和出现其它用电意外。 还 具有漏电保护器自启动和自检测功能和线路发热量的温度监控检测, 延长线路 的使用寿命, 避免火灾。 增加自动定吋开关, 节省电能。 可通过吋间, 键盘, 显示, 无线遥控功能, 让用户合理自由的安排和使用用电设备。 本发明还具有 远程控制接口, 可以和计算机通讯, 实现远程操作和控制。 而且上述功能还能 实吋査询和显示出来, 指引用户正确使用用电设备和便于査找用电故障, 能避 免一定意外发生。 本发明釆用了微电子技术, 所有的线路的开关部分, 速度反 应快。
[16] 下面将结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
附图说明
[17] 图 1为本发明电路结构框图。
[18] 图 2为本发明主控电路原理图。
[19] 图 3为本发明输入及显示电路原理图。 [20] 图 4为本发明温度检测电路原理图。
[21] 图 5为本发明电压及电流检测电路原理图。
[22] 图 6为本发明软件流程图。
具体实施方式
[23] 本实施例为本发明优选实施方式, 其它凡其原理和基本结构与本实施例相同或 近似的, 均在本发明保护范围之内。
[24] 请参看附图 1, 本发明以控制模块为核心, 本实施例中控制模块釆用单片机电 路模块。 实吋吋钟模块釆用 I2C总线连接在单片机电路模块的数据端上, 为系统 提供准确的实吋吋钟信息, 为定吋开关机提供吋间信息; 输入模块连接在单片 机电路模块的数据端上, 用于系统参数设定等; 存储模块釆用 E2PROM电路模块 , E2PROM电路模块通过 I2C总线与单片机电路模块的数据端连接, 存储模块用 于存储单片机的各种信息, 断电后数据不会丢失。 单片机电路模块的控制数据 输出端分别与各组继电器开关的控制端连接, 外接电源通过继电器给用电设备 供电, 单片机电路模块可通过控制继电器开关的开合来控制外接电源是否给相 应的用电设备供电。 继电器输出与相应的用电设备之间连接有电流检测模块, 电流检测模块检测相应的用电设备消耗电流的大小, 电流检测模块的信号输出 端分别与单片机电路模块的数据端连接, 可实现过流保护的目的。 为了在对本 装置进行设置吋可显示操作步骤, 以便于操作的目的, 本发明中设有显示模块 , 显示模块与单片机电路模块的数据端连接。 本发明中设有声音提示模块, 声 音提示模块与单片机电路模块的数据端连接, 声音提示模块釆用蜂鸣器, 单片 机电路模块的数据端发出相应频率的脉冲, 驱动蜂鸣器发声, 可以提醒用户在 手工操作或装置自动操作吋的有效性和非法性, 也可在发生过载, 过压、 过流 吋产生报警。 单片机电路模块的数据端连接有通讯模块, 通讯模块将单片机内 信号转换成 RS485协议的信号与计算机进行通讯, 可通过计算机对本发明进行远 程操作和控制, 也可通过计算机对本发明进行升级。 为了操作方便, 本发明中 在单片机电路模块的数据端连接有无线遥控模块, 可通过无线遥控模块与手持 遥控器相匹配, 通过遥控器对本发明进行遥控操作。 本发明中在外接电源线上 设有感温元件, 由感温元件为主构成的温度检测模块信号输出端与单片机电路 模块的数据端连接。 本发明中在外接电源线上连接有电压检测模块的检测输入 端, 电压检测模块的信号输出端与单片机电路模块的数据端连接, 电压检测模 块用于检测外接电源电压是否稳定, 是否超出额定电压值, 如超出额定电压值 , 则电压检测模块发出信号给单片机, 单片机控制断开外接电源, 避免用电设 备损坏。 本发明外接电源线上连接有防浪涌电流模块, 以防止雷击等瞬间高压 对用电设备的损坏。
[25] 下面将结合具体电路对本发明做进一步说明。
[26] 请参看附图 2, 附图 2中单片机 U101配合外接电容、 电阻及石英晶体振荡器组成 单片机最小系统, 单片机最小系统作为单片机电路模块, 本实施例中, 单片机 U 101釆用 PIC系列单片机, 具体型号为 PIC16F77 , 具体实施吋, 也可釆用其他系 列或型号的单片机替代。 吋钟芯片 U111与外接晶振构成吋钟模块, 吋钟模块通 过 I2C总线与单片机 U101的 SCL弓 I脚和 SDA弓 |脚连接, 本实施例中吋钟芯片 Ul 11 釆用型号为 PCF8563的吋钟芯片。 本实施例中, 存储芯片釆用 E2PROM芯片 U106 , 本实施例中 E2PROM芯片 U106釆用 AT24C16芯片, E2PROM芯片 U106通过 I2C 总线与单片机 U101的 SCL引脚和 SDA引脚连接, 单片机 U101的 SCL引脚和 SDA 引脚为复用引脚。 数据锁存器 U103、 数据锁存器 U104、 数据锁存器 U105的数据 输入端分别通过 BUS总线与单片机 U101的 I/O口 RB0-RB7连接, 单片机 U101的 1/ 0口 RB0-RB7为分吋复用引脚。 数据锁存器 U103的使能信号引脚与单片机 U101 的 I/O口 RA4连接, 数据锁存器 U104的使能信号弓 I脚与单片机 U101的 I/O口 RE0连 接, 数据锁存器 U105的使能信号引脚与单片机 U101的 I/O口 RE1连接, 数据锁存 器 U103、 数据锁存器 U104、 数据锁存器 U105的选通信号端均与单片机 U101的!/ 0口 RE2连接。 数据锁存器 U104的数据输出端与驱动芯片 U112的输入端连接, 驱 动芯片 U112的输出端与 1-8路继电器控制端连接, 通过驱动芯片 U112驱动继电器 工作; 数据锁存器 U105的数据输出端与驱动芯片 U113的输入端连接, 驱动芯片 U113的输出端与 9-16路继电器控制端连接, 通过驱动芯片 U113驱动继电器工作 。 本实施例中, 数据锁存器 U103、 数据锁存器 U104和数据锁存器 U105均釆用 74 HC373芯片, 驱动芯片 U112和驱动芯片 U113均釆用 ULN2003A芯片。 驱动芯片 U 102的数据输出端分别与单片机 U101的 I/O口 RB0-RB7连接, 本实施例中, 驱动 芯片 U102釆用 74HC244芯片。 8选 1芯片 U108、 8选 1芯片 U109的数据输入端分别 与电流电压传感器 HALL_A301至电流电压传感器 HALL_A316的信号输出端连接 , 8选 1芯片 U108的输出端与单片机 U101的 I/O口 RA0连接, 8选 1芯片 U109的输出 端与单片机 U101的 I/O口 RA1连接, 8选 1芯片 U108和 8选 1芯片 U109的数据选择端 分别与单片机 U101的 I/O口 RD4、 RD5、 RD6连接, 本实施例中 8选 1芯片 U108和 8 选 1芯片 U109均釆用 4051芯片。 本发明中的通讯模块釆用 RS485芯片 U115 , 本实 施例中, RS485芯片 U115釆用 MAX487芯片, RS485芯片的电源端 VCC和数据发 送端 DI上分别连接有发光二极管, 以显示 RS485芯片是否正常工作及正常发送数 据。 本发明釆用运算放大器 U117A和运算放大器 U117B组成二级放大, 对热敏电 阻 NTC输出的信号进行放大, 并输入至单片机 U101的 I/O口 RA5中。 可通过调节 电位器 R123的大小, 可改变温度设定值。 本实施例中, 运算放大器 U117A和运 算放大器 U117B釆用 LM358 , 热敏电阻 NTC釆用 RT601。 本发明中的遥控模块釆 用单片机 U116、 存储芯片 U118和超外差无线收发模块构成, 存储芯片 U118与单 片机 U116之间釆用串行通讯, 超外差无线收发模块与单片机 U116的数据端连接 。 单片机 U116的数据端上连接有发光二极管 LED103 , 用于学习吋使用。 蜂鸣器 U107通过三极管 Q101驱动发声, 三极管 Q101的基极与单片机 U101的 I/O口 RC0 连接。
[27] 本发明中, 通过 5V稳压芯片 U114提供 +5V电源。
[28] 请参看附图 3, 图中所示电路为本发明中输入及显示电路, 本实施例中, 输入 键盘釆用 4x4键盘, 键盘的行扫描信输出端分别与单片机 U101的 I/O口 RD0-RD4 连接, 键盘的列扫描信输出端分别与驱动芯片 U102的输入端口 2A1-2A4连接。 显示模块分为矩阵式 LED显示和 LCD显示, 本实施例中 LCD显示釆用液晶驱动芯 片 LCD201, 液晶驱动芯片 LCD201通过 I2C总线与数据锁存器 U103的输出端 Q2和 Q3连接, 通过 I2C总线将显示数据传输至液晶驱动芯片 LCD201 , 驱动液晶显示 屏进行显示。 本实施例中矩阵式 LED显示釆用 4x8的 LED显示, 串 /并口芯片 U201 串行数据输入端通过 I2C总线与数据锁存器 U103的输出端 Q5连接, 串 /并口芯片 U 201、 串 /并口芯片 U202、 串 /并口芯片 U203、 串 /并口芯片 U204的串行同步信号 输入端均与数据锁存器 U103的输出端 Q6连接, 串 /并口芯片 U201、 串 /并口芯片 U 202、 串 /并口芯片 U203、 串 /并口芯片 U204的显示阵列使能输入端均与数据锁存 器 U103的输出端 Q7连接, 串 /并口芯片 U201的 Q7端与串 /并口芯片 U202的 SER端 连接, 串 /并口芯片 U202的 Q7端与串 /并口芯片 U203的 SER端连接, 串 /并口芯片 U203的 Q7端与串 /并口芯片 U204的 SER端连接, 串 /并口芯片 U201、 串 /并口芯片 U202、 串 /并口芯片 U203、 串 /并口芯片 U204的并行数据输出端分别与相应的发 光二极管连接, 通过串 /并口芯片 U201、 串 /并口芯片 U202、 串 /并口芯片 U203、 串 /并口芯片 U204驱动各个发光二极管的明灭显示相应的内容。 本实施例中串 /并 口芯片 U201、 串 /并口芯片 U202、 串 /并口芯片 U203、 串 /并口芯片 U204均釆用 74 HC595芯片。
[29] 请参看附图 4, 本实施例中釆用两组相同的设置, 以分载的方式, 分别承受用 电负载, 在外接电源线上套装有互感器, 互感器结构为有一闭合的导磁体, 导 磁体套装在外接电源线上, 导磁体上缠绕着导线, 导线输出一端接地, 另一端 连接在三极管 Q601的基极上, 三极管 Q601的发射极连接在三极管 Q602的基极上 , 三极管 Q602的发射极接地, 三极管 Q602的集电极连接在继电器 K601的控制端 上, 外接电源通过继电器 K601给用电设备供电。 当用电设备发生漏电吋, 流入 L _IN与N_IN中的电流代数和不为 0, 从而在互感器的线圏上产生了互感电流, 经 过二极管整流后触发 Q601来控制 Q602的基极,同吋触发 Q603,使单片机控制 Q602 的基极无输出高电平, 使主开关 K601断开, 主分支线路无电压输出, 从而实现 漏电保护。 漏电流不大于 30mA,断开吋间小于 0.03S。 外接电源输入线中性线与 相线之间连接有压敏电阻 YM601 , 用于防止雷击等浪涌电压对用电设备的损坏 。 外接电源输入线中性线与相线分别连接至电压传感器 HALL_CV601的 IN和 OU T端, 电压传感器 HALL_CV601输出端与单片机 U101的 I/O口 RA2连接, 用于检 测外接电源电压是否正常, 本实施例中, 电压传感器 HALL_CV601釆用 CS10MA
[30] 请参看附图 5, 外接电源通过继电器 K301输入, 中性线直接连接至外接电源输 出端, 相线输入至电流电压传感器 HALL_A301中, 电流电压传感器 HALL_A301 的电源输出接外接电源输出端, 电流电压传感器 HALL_A301的信号输出端与 8选 1芯片 U108的输入端 X0连接。 同样, 电流电压传感器 HALL_A302至电流电压传 感器 HALL_A316与电流电压传感器 HALL_A301的连接方法相同, 每一路电流电 压传感器控制一路用电设备的消耗电流, 当用电设备发生短路或电流过大吋, 相应的电流电压传感器断开, 停止该路供电。 本实施例中, 电压传感器 HALL_A 301至电压传感器 HALL_A316均釆用 CS25-NP型电压传感器。
[31] 本实施例中给出的电路和实施方式均是以家庭单相用电为例, 本发明同样可以 应用于 380V的三相工业用电上。 本发明应用于 380V的三相工业用电上吋, 只需 增加电流检测模块的数量和控制模块的输入输出接点数量, 和改变电压传感器 、 瞬态保护二极管 (TVS) 的型号 (使之与 380V电压相适应, 且每个相线上分 别设有一个相应的电压传感器和瞬态保护二极管) 即可, 其中每一路电源供电 线上串接一个电流检测模块及一个继电器, 每个电流检测模块的信号输出端分 别与一个数据选择器的数据输入端连接, 如果需要数据选择器的数目不够, 则 只需增加数据选择器的数目, 每个数据选择器的数据输出端均连接至控制模块 的一个 I/O口上。 漏电检测模块中的互感器同吋套装在三相供电用输入电线上即 可。 由于工业用电的耗电功率较大, 继电器可釆用交流接触器等大功率电子控 制开关, 或者通过继电器来联动交流接触器等大功率器件实现对供电的控制。
[32] 本发明釆用组件结构构成, 如: 各个模块之间均釆用相应点数的接插头组接在 一起, 可以方便的增加系统装置中检测及处理模块的多少, 可根据实际需要增 加或减少系统中结点数目的多少, 给应用增加了灵活性。
[33] 本发明在使用吋, 请参看附图 6, 本发明开机后, 先进行初始化, 即对 I/O口设 置、 吋钟设置、 I2C设置等, 然后系统进行自检, 即进行显示系统自检、 吋间芯 片自检、 E2PROM自检、 控制继电器自检, 自检完毕后, 即循环进行键盘扫描处 理、 电流检测处理、 电压检测处理、 温度检测处理、 漏电检测处理、 无线遥控 检测处理、 串行通讯处理、 定吋控制处理。
[34] 本实施例提供的为本发明优选实施方式, 还有其它的可实施本发明的实施方式 , 如: 继电器可以釆用交流接触器、 可控硅、 光电固体继电器、 绝缘栅双极型 晶体管
(IGBT)、 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管 (MOSFET)代替; 可釆用其它的通讯协 议, 实现远程操作和控制, 如 CAN总线、 TCP/IP协议等。 [35]
Blank upon filing

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种智能化电能管理系统总装置, 其特征是: 所述的装置包括电源模块
、 控制模块、 存储模块、 输入模块、 吋钟模块、 电流检测模块、 电子控制 开关, 存储装置设置的存储模块与控制模块的数据端连接, 输入模块与控 制模块的数据端连接, 提供实吋吋钟信息的吋钟模块与控制模块的数据端 连接, 检测用电设备电流大小的电流检测模块输出端与控制模块的数据端 连接, 电子控制开关控制端与控制模块的数据端连接, 外接电源通过连通 的电子控制开关与电流检测模块给用电设备供电, 电源模块输入端与外接 电源连接, 电源模块输出端给装置中各个模块供电。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的智能化电能管理系统总装置, 其特征是: 所述的 装置内还设有检测输入电源线温度的温度检测模块, 温度检测模块的感温 元件紧贴输入电源线, 温度检测模块输出端与控制模块的数据端连接, 所 述的感温元件釆用热敏电阻。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的智能化电能管理系统总装置, 其特征是: 所述的 装置内还设有检测外接电源电压的电压检测模块, 电压检测模块釆用电压 传感器, 电压传感器的电源信号釆集端分别与外接电源的中性线和相线连 接, 电压传感器的信号输出端与控制模块的数据端连接。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的智能化电能管理系统总装置, 其特征是: 所述的装置内还设有用于显示装置信息及操作信息的由发光二极管矩阵或 液晶显示屏构成的显示模块, 显示模块与控制模块的数据端连接。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的智能化电能管理系统总装置, 其特征是: 所述的装置内还设有接收无线遥控信息的无线遥控模块, 无线遥控模块与 控制模块的数据端连接, 所述的遥控模块为在单片机芯片的数据端上连接 有用于收发无线信号的超外差无线收发模块, 单片机芯片的数据端上连接 有存储芯片。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的智能化电能管理系统总装置, 其特征是: 所述的装置内还设有用于提示或报警的由蜂鸣器构成的声音提示模块, 声 音提示模块与控制模块的数据端连接。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的智能化电能管理系统总装置, 其特征是: 所述的装置内还设有用于与计算机通讯的 RS485协议的通讯模块, 通讯模 块与控制模块的数据端连接。
8、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的智能化电能管理系统总装置, 其特征是: 所述的装置内还设有釆用压敏电阻或瞬态保护二极管 (TVS) 构成的防浪 涌电流模块, 防浪涌电流模块与外接电源线连接。
9、 根据权利要求 1或所述的智能化电能管理系统总装置, 其特征是: 所述 的外接电源上设有漏电保护装置, 漏电保护装置为在外接电源线上套装有 闭合导磁体, 导磁体上缠有导线, 导线一端接地, 另一端连接至三极管的 基极, 电源正极通过三极管与电子控制开关的控制端连接, 外接电源通过 电子控制开关给用电设备供电。
10、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的智能化电能管理系统总装置, 其特征是: 所述的电子控制开关可釆用继电器、 交流接触器、 可控硅、 光电固体继电 器、 绝缘栅双极型晶体管 (IGBT)、 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管 (MOSFET)。
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