WO2009027305A2 - Vorrichtung zur 'in situ'-förderung von bitumen oder schwerstöl - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur 'in situ'-förderung von bitumen oder schwerstöl Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009027305A2 WO2009027305A2 PCT/EP2008/060927 EP2008060927W WO2009027305A2 WO 2009027305 A2 WO2009027305 A2 WO 2009027305A2 EP 2008060927 W EP2008060927 W EP 2008060927W WO 2009027305 A2 WO2009027305 A2 WO 2009027305A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- conductors
- reservoir
- conductor
- conductor loop
- power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2406—Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]
- E21B43/2408—SAGD in combination with other methods
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
- H05B6/108—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor for heating a fluid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/03—Heating of hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for "in situ" conveying of bitumen or heavy oil from oil sands deposits as a reservoir, wherein the reservoir is acted upon by thermal energy for reducing the viscosity of the oil or heavy oil present in the oil sands, to which a electrical / electromagnetic heating is provided.
- Near-surface oil sands deposits may possibly be mined in the open pit, with subsequent treatment must be carried out to separate the oil.
- in situ processes are also known in which the introduction of solvents or diluents and / or the heating or melting of the heavy oil or bitumen makes flowability in the reservoir already “in situ”. - Processes are particularly suitable for non-near-surface reservoirs.
- the most widely used and used "in situ" bitumen mining process is the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process, where water vapor that may be added to the solvent is injected under high pressure into the reservoir
- SAGD Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
- the SAGD process starts by typically heating both pipes by steam for 3 months in order first to liquefy the bitumen in the space between the pipes as quickly as possible. Thereafter, the
- US 2006/0151166 A1 discloses a method for the resistive heating of a heavy oil deposit, in which a tool with electrodes for a three-phase resistive heating of the deposit is provided to reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil.
- the invention relates to the mining application of a resonantly tuned resonant circuit for the inductive heating of a subsurface oil sand deposit referred to as a reservoir at a depth of up to several hundred meters in an "in situ" oil production process contains a known per se external AC generator for electrical power, which is used to energize a conductor loop.
- the conductor loop is formed from two or more conductors, which are electrically conductively connected inside or outside the reservoir.
- the inductance of the conductor loop is partially compensated. This avoids unwanted reactive power.
- the alternating current conductor generates an alternating magnetic field in the reservoir, through which eddy currents in the reservoir are triggered, which lead to the heating of the same.
- the total inductance of the conductor loop which is mainly formed by the unwanted self-inductance of the conductor loop and must be compensated to prevent high voltage drop along the lines and to request the generator no reactive power.
- the desired mutual inductance to the reservoir which allows the flow of electricity and thus the heating of the reservoir
- the electromagnetic heating process may be combined with a steam process, which for improved permeability and / or conductivity z. B. is fed by an additional electrolytic enrichment. It is also possible to let the steam stimulation through the production pipe at the beginning of the heating phase or later cyclically.
- a purely electromagnetic-inductive method for heating and conveying bitumen with particularly favorable arrangements of the inductors can be provided. It is essential to place one of the inductors directly above the production pipe, that is, without appreciable horizontal offset. Although it is not possible to completely avoid an offset during the insertion of the boreholes.
- the offset should in any case be less than 10 m, preferably less than 5 m, which is considered negligible in the corresponding dimensions of the deposit.
- EMGD Electro-Magnetic. Drainage Gravity
- FIG. 1 shows a section through an oil sand reservoir with injection and delivery pipe
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective detail of an oil sand reservoir with an electrical conductor loop extending horizontally in the reservoir
- FIG. 3 shows a clarification of the electrical compensation of line longitudinal inductances by series capacities
- FIG. 4 shows a section through a conductor with tubular electrodes of the integrated capacitors
- FIG. 5 shows a conductor with interleaved tubular electrodes of the integrated capacitors
- FIG. 6 shows a tubular conductor with integrated capacitors and an apparatus for introducing electrolytes
- FIG. 7a and 7b the electrical principle of the devices of Figure 4 and Figure 5 as a conventional coaxial arrangement
- Figure 88 shows a first circuit design of a power generator for an inductive heating circuit, which is suitable for use in Figure 1/2
- Figure 9 shows a second circuit design 10 shows a third circuit implementation of a power generator for an inductive heating circuit with series connection of clocked inverters.
- FIG. 11 shows, by combining FIG. 1 with FIG. 2, the prior art of the SAGD method with electromagnetic-inductive assistance,
- FIG. 12 shows the electrical connection of the inductive sub-conductors in the case of two sub-conductors
- FIG. 13 shows the electrical connection of the inductive sub-conductors in the case of three sub-conductors with parallel connection of two sub-conductors
- FIG. 14 shows the electrical connection of the inductive parts with three partial conductors with three-phase current as well
- Figure 15 to 16 four variants of the new EMGD method with different arrangement of the inductors.
- an oil sand deposit designated as a reservoir 100 is shown, wherein for the further considerations always a cuboid unit 1 with the length 1, the width w and the height h is taken out.
- the length 1 may for example be up to some 500 m, the width w 60 to 100 m and the height h about 20 to 100 m. It has to be taken into account that starting from the earth's surface E there can be an overburden of thickness s up to 500 m.
- an injection pipe 101 for steam or water / steam mixture and a production pipe 102 for the liquefied bitumen or oil are present in known manner in the oil sand reservoir 100 of the deposit.
- FIG. 2 shows an arrangement for inductive heating. This can be formed by a long, ie some 100 m to 1.5 km, laid in the ground conductor loop 10 to 20, wherein inductor 10 and 20 are side by side at a predetermined distance and connected at the end via an element 15 or 15 'together as a conductor loop ,
- the element 15 is arranged in particular outside and the element 15 'alternatively within the reservoir 100.
- the conductors 10 and 20 are led vertically or at a shallow angle through the overburden to the reservoir 100 and are powered by an RF generator 60 that may be housed in an external housing.
- the conductors 10 and 20 extend at the same depth next to each other, but possibly also one above the other. There is a lateral offset of the conductors 10 and 20.
- Typical distances between the return and return conductors 10, 20 are 5 to 60 m with an outer diameter of the conductors of 10 to 50 cm (0, 1 to 0.5 m).
- An electrical double line 10, 20 in FIG. 2 with the typical dimensions mentioned above has a longitudinal inductivity coating of 1.0 to 2.7 ⁇ H / m.
- the cross-capacitance coating is only 10 to 100 pF / m with the dimensions mentioned, so that the capacitive cross-currents can initially be neglected.
- wave effects should be avoided.
- the shaft speed is given by the capacitance and inductance of the conductor arrangement.
- the characteristic frequency of the arrangement is due to the loop length and the wave propagation speed along the arrangement of the double line 10, 20.
- the loop length is therefore to be chosen so short that no disturbing wave effects result here.
- a current amplitude of approximately 350 A is required for low-ohmic reservoirs with resistivities of 30 ⁇ -m and approximately 950 A for high-resistance reservoirs with resistivities of 500 ⁇ -m at 50 kHz .
- the inductive voltage drop is about 300 V / m.
- the total inductive voltage drop would add up to values> 100 kV. Such high voltages must be avoided for the following reasons:
- a controlling power converter is characterized by the apparent power, i. the reverse voltage and current carrying capacity, so that the reduction of the reactive power requirement is indispensable.
- the electrodes would have to be insulated against the reservoir 100 in a manner requiring high voltage in order to prevent a resistive current flow, which would require large insulation layer thicknesses and would make the electrodes more expensive and their introduction into the reservoir.
- the peculiarity of compensation integrated in the line is that the frequency of the HF line generator must be matched to the resonance frequency of the current loop. This means that the double line 10, 20 is suitable for heating purposes, i. with high current amplitudes, only at this frequency can be operated.
- the decisive advantage of the latter approach is that an addition of the inductive voltages along the line is prevented.
- the operation of this arrangement can be done resonantly at 50 kHz.
- the occurring inductive and correspondingly capacitive sum voltages are limited to 3 kV.
- the capacitance values must increase in inverse proportion to the distance-proportional to the distance requirement of the capacitance of the capacitors-in order to obtain the same resonant frequency.
- FIG. 4 shows an advantageous embodiment of capacitors with capacitance C integrated in the line.
- the capacitance is formed by cylindrical capacitors C 1 between a tubular outer electrode 32 of a section I and a tubular inner electrode 34 of the section II, between which a dielectric 33 is located.
- the adjacent capacitor is formed between sections II and III.
- the dielectric of the capacitor C in addition to a high dielectric strength continue to demand a high temperature resistance, since the conductor in the inductively heated reservoir 100, the temperature of z. B. 250 0 C is located, and the resistive losses in the conductors 10, 20 can lead to further heating of the electrodes.
- the requirements for the dielectric 33 are met by a large number of capacitor ceramics.
- the above cylinder capacitors can be realized with the required capacity and have a length of, for example, 1 to 2 m. If the overall length is to be shorter, an interleaving of several coaxial electrodes corresponding to the principle illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 7b is to be provided. Other conventional capacitor designs can also be integrated into the line as long as they have the required voltage and temperature resistance.
- the entire electrode is already surrounded by insulation.
- the insulation against the surrounding earth is necessary to prevent resistive currents through the ground between the adjacent sections, in particular in the area of the capacitors.
- the insulation also prevents the resistive current flow between the return and return conductors.
- the requirements with respect to the dielectric strength to the insulation are compared to the uncompensated line of> 100 kV dropped in the above example, slightly above 3 kV and thus meet by a variety of insulating materials.
- the insulation must permanently withstand higher temperatures, which in turn offers ceramic insulating materials.
- the insulation layer thickness must not be too low, otherwise capacitive leakage currents could flow into the surrounding soil. Insulation thickness greater z. B. 2 mm are sufficient in the above embodiment.
- FIG. 5 it is shown in FIG. 5 that a plurality of tubular electrodes are connected in parallel.
- the parallel connection of the capacitors can be used to increase the capacitance or to increase its dielectric strength.
- FIG. 7b The electrical principle for this is shown in FIG. 7b.
- an electrolyte introduction can be carried out in sections to specifically increase the heating effect.
- the compensated electrode is widened by an insulated inner tube 40 with insulated outlet openings 41, 42 and 43.
- water or an electrically conductive aqueous salt solution or other electrolytes may be introduced into the reservoir to increase the conductivity of the reservoir.
- the introduced water can be used to cool the conductor. If the outlet openings are replaced by valves, the change in conductivity can take place temporally and spatially in sections.
- Increasing the conductivity serves to increase the inductive heating effect without having to increase the current amplitude in the conductors.
- the longitudinal inductance is thus compensated for by means of predominantly concentrated transverse capacitances.
- the capacitance covering can also be connected to a two-wire line such as, for example,. B. a coaxial line or multi-wire cables anyway over their entire length provide for the compensation of the longitudinal inductances are used.
- the inner and outer conductors are alternately interrupted at equal intervals, thus forcing the flow of current through the distributed transverse capacitances.
- a compensated electrode with distributed capacitances in combination with a device for electrolyte introduction can be used.
- conductor 10 and return conductor 20 can be surrounded by a shield of highly conductive material enclosing both conductors in order to avoid the inductive heating of the surrounding soil of the overburden.
- a power generator 60 is shown, which is designed as a high-frequency generator.
- the power generator 60 has a three-phase design and advantageously includes a transformer coupling and power semiconductors as components.
- the actual, compensated conductor loop 10, 20 is shown abstracted here as an inductor 95.
- the circuit includes a voltage impressing inverter.
- the high-frequency generator 60 designed as a power generator according to FIG. 7 can generate powers up to 2500 kW. Typically, frequencies between 5 and 20 kHz are used.
- FIG. 8 The function of the RF generator 60 already mentioned in connection with FIG. 2 is illustrated in FIG. 8.
- a three-phase rectifier 70 is activated, which is followed by a three-phase inverter 75 via a line with a capacitor 71, the periodic square wave signals suitable frequency generated.
- Via a matching network 80 of inductors 81 and capacitors 82 inductors 95 are driven as an output. A waiver of the matching network is possible.
- a single-phase generator can also be used.
- Such generators with, for example, 440 KW at 50 KHz are commercially available.
- FIG. 9 shows a corresponding circuit with three inverters 75, 75 ', 75 "connected in parallel. Connected downstream is an example of a matching network 85 of inductors 86, 86 'and 86''. The matching network 85 as in Figure 8 follow the inductors not shown here. Finally, the function of a series connection of three inverters 75, 75 ', 75 "is realized in FIG. 10, in which higher frequencies and powers are achieved via offset clocking or higher voltages and thus powers are achieved with in-phase clocking.
- the switched inverters 75, 75 ', 75'' are connected by means of a transformer 80 with inductors 81, 81', 81 '' on the primary side and inductors 82, 82 ', 82''on the secondary side, so that on the Secondary side results in a series connection.
- the transformer 80 can again be preceded by a quadrature matching the inductors 95.
- the described HF generators can basically be used as voltage-impressing converters as described or correspondingly as current-impressing converters in reservoirs, where support by steam or not takes place.
- Reservoirs with low horizontal permeability which are insufficiently vapor permeable, can be widely heated with this method. Even if the electrical conductivity of the reservoir has inhomogeneities-for example, conductive areas that are electrically isolated from the rest of the reservoir, eddy currents can form in these islands and generate Joule heat.
- conductivity of the reservoir and permeability are related.
- FIG. 11 which in principle represents a combination of FIGS. 1 and 2 in the projection, the following designations have been selected: 0: cutting oil reservoir, repeated several times on both sides
- w reservoir width, distance from one well pair to the next (typically 50 to 200 m)
- h reservoir height, thickness of the geological oil layer (typically 20 to 60 m dl: horizontal distance from A to 1 is w / 2 d2: vertical distance from A and B to a: 0.1 m to 0.9 * h (typically 20 m to 60 m)
- the arrangement of a partial conductor of the conductor loop directly above the production tube has the advantage that the bitumen in the environment above the production tube is heated in a comparatively short time and thus becomes fluid.
- This has the effect that, after a comparatively short time (eg 6 months), production begins, which is accompanied by a pressure relief of the reservoir.
- the pressure of a reservoir is limited and dependent on the thickness of the overburden to prevent break-through of evaporated water (eg 12 bar at 120 m depth, 40 bar at 400 m depth, ). Since the pressure in the reservoir rises due to the electrical heating, the current load for heating must be pressure-regulated. This in turn means that higher heating capacity is only possible after the start of production.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 The associated electrical interconnection is shown in FIGS. 12 to 14: It is to be distinguished whether two or three sub-conductors are present.
- A is a first inductive sub-conductor and B is a second inductive sub-conductor to which a converter / high-frequency generator 60 from FIG. 2 is connected.
- FIG. 13 shows a switching variant in which three inductors are used, two of which carry half the current.
- A is a first inductive subconductor
- B is a second inductive subconductor
- C is a third inductive subconductor, the subconductors B and C being connected in parallel.
- Other combinations of sub-conductors are possible.
- Figure 14 shows a switching variant in which three inductors are also used, but which are connected to a three-phase generator and therefore all have the same current load.
- A is a first inductive subconductor
- B is a second inductive subconductor
- C is a third inductive subconductor. All sub-conductors are connected to a three-phase inverter / high-frequency generator.
- FIGS. 12 to 14 are used in order to realize the arrangements of the inductors in the reservoir described below with reference to FIGS. 15 to 18.
- an inductor such as inductive sub-conductors A and A ', as a forward conductor and an inductor B or B' serves as a return conductor, said return conductor in this case the same current with a phase shift of 180 ° with respect to the sectional images in the figures 15 and 16 wear
- an inductor A as a forward and two inductors B and C as a return conductor.
- the parallel-connected return conductors B, C carry half the current with 180 ° phase shift relative to the current of the Hinleiters A.
- an inductor can serve as a forward conductor and more than two inductors can serve as a return conductor, with the phase shift of the currents of the Hinleiters to all return conductors
- three inductors A, B and C can carry the same current intensity and the phase shift between them can be 120 ° in each case.
- the three inductors A, B, C are the input side fed by a three-phase generator and the output side in a neutral point, which may be inside or outside of the reservoir and the connecting element 15 is connected. It is also possible that the three inductors A, B and C carry unequal amperages and have phase shifts other than 120 °. Current intensities and phase shifts are selected in such a way that it is possible to connect with a neutral point. In this case, at any one time the sum of the forward currents equals the sum of the return currents.
- FIG. 15 shows a first advantageous embodiment of an EMGD method.
- a first inductor above the production tube and a second inductor on the line of symmetry.
- the following designations are selected: 0: cutting oil reservoir, repeats after both
- Reservoir section 4 Inductive energization by electrical connection at the ends of the inductors (according to FIG. 4)
- w reservoir width, distance from one well pair to the next (typically 50 to 200 m)
- h reservoir height, thickness of the geological oil layer (typically 20 to 60 m)
- dl horizontal distance from A to B (w / 2)
- d2 vertical distance from B to b: preferably 2 m to 20 m
- d3 vertical distance from A to b: preferably 10m to 20 m
- FIG. 16 shows a further advantageous embodiment of an EMGD method. It is a first inductor above the production pipe and a second inductor on the line of symmetry present, but in deviation from Figure 15, two separate circuits are present. The following designations are selected:
- a ⁇ 1. horizontal parallel inductor of the adjacent one
- Reservoir section B ⁇ 2. horizontal parallel inductor of the adjacent one
- Reservoir section 4 Inductive energization by electrical connection at the ends of the inductors (according to FIG. 13).
- W Reservoir width, distance from one well pair to the next (typically 50 to 200 m)
- h reservoir height, thickness of the geological oil layer (typically 20 up to 60 m)
- dl horizontal distance from A to B (w / 2)
- d2 vertical distance from B to b: preferably 2 m to 20 m
- d3 vertical distance from A to b: preferably 10 m to
- FIG. 17 shows a third advantageous embodiment of the invention for an EMGD method.
- the following designations are selected:
- W reservoir width, distance from one wellpair to the next (typically 50 to 200 m)
- h reservoir height, thickness of the geological oil layer (typically 20 to 60 m)
- dl horizontal distance from A to C (w / 2)
- d2 vertical distance from A to b: preferably 2 to 20 m
- d3 vertical distance from C to b: preferably 10 to 20 m.
- FIG. 18 shows a fourth advantageous embodiment of the invention for an EMGD method. It is a first inductor above the production pipe and has two more side offset inductors, again with a branched circuit. The following designations are selected: 0: Cut-out oil reservoir, repeated several times on both sides b: Production pipe, representation in cross-section
- Inductor A is located above the production pipe b, the second inductor B is located on the symmetry boundary to the left adjacent part reservoir.
- the third inductor C is located on the symmetry boundary to the right adjacent part reservoir.
- An inductor A is located above the production pipe b, the second inductor B is located at the horizontal distance dl of the latter.
- the third inductor C is also located at the horizontal distance dl but on the other side.
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2697820A CA2697820C (en) | 2007-08-27 | 2008-08-21 | Apparatus for "in-situ" extraction of bitumen or very heavy oil |
| US12/674,691 US8371371B2 (en) | 2007-08-27 | 2008-08-21 | Apparatus for in-situ extraction of bitumen or very heavy oil |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007040605A DE102007040605B3 (de) | 2007-08-27 | 2007-08-27 | Vorrichtung zur "in situ"-Förderung von Bitumen oder Schwerstöl |
| DE102007040605.5 | 2007-08-27 | ||
| DE102008022176A DE102008022176A1 (de) | 2007-08-27 | 2008-05-05 | Vorrichtung zur "in situ"-Förderung von Bitumen oder Schwerstöl |
| DE102008022176.7 | 2008-05-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009027305A2 true WO2009027305A2 (de) | 2009-03-05 |
| WO2009027305A3 WO2009027305A3 (de) | 2009-05-28 |
Family
ID=40282501
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2008/060927 Ceased WO2009027305A2 (de) | 2007-08-27 | 2008-08-21 | Vorrichtung zur 'in situ'-förderung von bitumen oder schwerstöl |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8371371B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2697820C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008022176A1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2444616C2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009027305A2 (de) |
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| DE102008056257A1 (de) | 2008-11-06 | 2010-05-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beheizung einer Rohrleitung |
| WO2011001408A1 (fr) | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-06 | Total S.A. | Procede d'extraction d'hydrocarbures par chauffage electromagnetique d'une formation souterraine in situ |
| WO2010124932A3 (de) * | 2009-04-30 | 2011-07-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum aufheizen von erdböden, zugehörige anlage und deren verwendung |
| WO2012049007A1 (de) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur verwendung der vorrichtung zur "in situ"-förderung von bitumen oder schwerstöl aus ölsand-lagerstätten |
| WO2012102624A1 (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-02 | Sinvent As | System and system elements for direct electrical heating of subsea pipelines |
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| WO2014086594A1 (de) | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Anordnung und verfahren zum eintragen von wärme in eine geologische formation mittels elektromagnetischer induktion |
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| WO2016198208A1 (de) * | 2015-06-11 | 2016-12-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heizvorrichtung zur induktiven heizung einer kohlenwasserstofflagerstätte mit in reihe geschalteten leitereinrichtungen, anordnung sowie verfahren |
| WO2016198212A1 (de) * | 2015-06-11 | 2016-12-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Heizvorrichtung zur induktiven heizung einer kohlenwasserstofflagerstätte mit filterelement, anordnung sowie verfahren |
| CN107142096A (zh) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-08 | 西南石油大学 | 一种生物质辅助稠油自催化改质降粘的方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2697820A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
| CA2697820C (en) | 2013-12-10 |
| RU2010111804A (ru) | 2011-10-10 |
| DE102008022176A1 (de) | 2009-11-12 |
| WO2009027305A3 (de) | 2009-05-28 |
| US20110042063A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
| RU2444616C2 (ru) | 2012-03-10 |
| US8371371B2 (en) | 2013-02-12 |
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