WO2009039725A1 - Procédé pour produire une fibre de polyéthylène de taille plus petite, à ténacité élevée et à module élevé - Google Patents

Procédé pour produire une fibre de polyéthylène de taille plus petite, à ténacité élevée et à module élevé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009039725A1
WO2009039725A1 PCT/CN2008/001606 CN2008001606W WO2009039725A1 WO 2009039725 A1 WO2009039725 A1 WO 2009039725A1 CN 2008001606 W CN2008001606 W CN 2008001606W WO 2009039725 A1 WO2009039725 A1 WO 2009039725A1
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Prior art keywords
strength
low
polyethylene fiber
density
modulus polyethylene
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2008/001606
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nianci Yang
Yuanjun Zhang
Bo Gao
Zhiquan Wu
Mingqing Lin
Chuanqing Wu
Yong Guo
Yunbo Zhou
Haijun Lin
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Hunan Zhongtai Special Equipment Co Ltd
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Hunan Zhongtai Special Equipment Co Ltd
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Application filed by Hunan Zhongtai Special Equipment Co Ltd filed Critical Hunan Zhongtai Special Equipment Co Ltd
Priority to US12/671,962 priority Critical patent/US8858851B2/en
Priority to EP08800599.6A priority patent/EP2194173B1/en
Priority to KR1020107005118A priority patent/KR101169521B1/ko
Publication of WO2009039725A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009039725A1/zh
Priority to IL204155A priority patent/IL204155A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/06Wet spinning methods
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02Spinnerettes
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/02Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/04Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02JFINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/228Stretching in two or more steps, with or without intermediate steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing polyethylene fibers, in particular to a method for preparing low-density, high-strength and high-modulus polyethylene fibers. Background technique
  • the stretching is more than twice, the deformation rate is larger than that of the ⁇ - 1 , whereby high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fibers can be obtained.
  • the extrusion fluid is more easily stretched, thereby greatly increasing the tensile deformation rate of the nozzle and the thermal stretching ratio of the jelly filament, thereby obtaining high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fibers.
  • the present invention has been completed based on the above problems.
  • the object is to provide a method for efficiently preparing low-density, high-strength, high-modulus polyethylene fibers. Its core is to improve the extrusion speed of the solution, and to achieve the purpose by using a thin spinneret with a fine orifice diameter and a medium to long diameter ratio. It has the characteristics of high efficiency and low input.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a low-density, high-strength, high-modulus polyethylene fiber, the method comprising the steps of: a. dissolving an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene having a Mw of 2.5 to 5 x 106 in a viscosity a low viscosity paraffin oil of 6.5 to 7.5, forming a spinning solution having a concentration of 3 to 15%;
  • the dried jelly filament is subjected to multi-stage ultra-fold stretching of ⁇ 15.
  • the fluid shear rate is preferably 800 to 22005. In still another embodiment of the present invention, the fluid nozzle has a better deformation rate of 800 to 4500 min. O
  • the nozzle stretch gap is more preferably 15 mm.
  • the spinneret orifice number is at least 80f and the single orifice extrusion flow rate is 2.5 to 5 ml/min.
  • the spinning solution is formed to a concentration of 6 to 10%.
  • the quenching solution is an aqueous solution containing a cationic surfactant.
  • the multi-stage extraction and drying are carried out using 120 solvent gasoline as an extractant.
  • the quenching solution is an aqueous solution containing a surfactant maintained at a temperature between 8 and 14 °C.
  • the multi-stage ultra-fold stretching is a four-stage drawing, and the stretching ratio is ⁇ 15.
  • the single yarn fineness is ⁇ 2d
  • the strength is >35g/d
  • the modulus is >1000g/d.
  • High strength high modulus polyethylene fiber In yet another embodiment of the present invention, high strength high modulus polyethylene fibers having a single filament fineness ⁇ 1.5 d and a strength > 38 ⁇ / modulus > 1200 g/d are obtained.
  • the present invention employs a thin spinneret having a suitable high pressure and long diameter ratio, so that the high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber is obtained, and the spinning efficiency is greatly improved.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a spinning orifice in a porous thin spinneret according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the thin spinneret has a number of holes of at least 10f, a pore diameter of 0.7 to 0.8 mm, and an aspect ratio L/D of 10-12.
  • the number of pores is 10, 50, 80, 200, 240f.
  • the pore size is 0.7, 0.71, 0.72, 0.75, 0.78, and 8.0 mm
  • the aspect ratio IJD is 10, 10.3, 10.5, 11, 11.5, and 12.
  • the shear rate of the fluid is in the range of 200 to 3500 56 ( ⁇ , including 200, 250, 300, 500, 1000, 1200, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3300, and 3500 sec- 1 ;
  • the extruded fluid is subjected to a SOO SOOOmin- 1 deformation rate nozzle stretching in a gap of 10 to 5 mm.
  • the gap includes 10, 10.5, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 mm.
  • the deformation rate includes 200. , 500, 700, 800, painting, 1500, painting, 2000, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500, 4800 and 5000 min -1 .
  • the aspect ratio L D is the ratio of the length L of the orifice and the diameter D.
  • Figure 1 schematically depicts a cross section of a porous thin spinneret used in one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the orifice is divided into a pilot hole 1 and a spinneret hole 2.
  • the length of the pilot holes in the spinneret holes used in the present invention is very short compared to the solution proposed in WO 2005/066401A. Therefore, the spinneret of the present invention can be thin.
  • the length in the aspect ratio refers to the height of the fine pores 2
  • the diameter in the aspect ratio refers to the diameter of the fine pores 2 of the spinning.
  • the present invention takes the following corresponding measures in the process - (1) Increase the spinning pressure and improve the spinning efficiency
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the shear stress in the flow direction when the fluid is at radius r; it is the change of pressure with the direction of the flow.
  • the present invention employs a pre-swelling of the polymer and a continuous dissolution and defoaming process of the twin-screw extruder, and the resulting solution has a high viscosity.
  • the twin-screw extruder then has a powerful output function, which provides a high (1.5 to 4.5 MPa) pressure for spinning and greatly increases the spinning efficiency at this pressure.
  • Increasing the spinning pressure increases the shear stress, which not only facilitates the untangling of ultrahigh molecular weight macromolecules, reduces the apparent viscosity of the solution, allows the spinning to proceed smoothly, and also causes the macromolecular chains to be oriented in the extrusion direction. This will benefit the subsequent stretching of the nozzle and the thermal stretching of the jelly filament.
  • the unwrapped state of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene macromolecular chain in solution is in a dynamic equilibrium, high fluid shear rate, imparting high shear stress to the macromolecular chain, which will facilitate further unwinding of the macromolecular chain.
  • the present invention employs a fine nozzle aperture and 0.7 ⁇ 0.8mm 2.5 ⁇ 5ml / min high extrusion nozzle hole flow rate, shear rate of the solution can 200 ⁇ 2200sec _l. The reasons are as follows:
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the shear rate of Newtonian fluid; ⁇ is non-Newtonian index; ⁇ is extrusion pressure; Q is extrusion volume flow; R and D are the radius and diameter of the orifice, Vo is the extrusion speed; End core value
  • ⁇ ⁇ — ⁇ 22 is the first normal stress difference; Ye is the available complex elastic deformation.
  • the inventors obtained the fluid shear rate at SOO SSOOsec- 1 by selecting the extrusion speed and the spinneret radius within the above range.
  • the fluid shear rate is more preferably controlled within the range of SOO SOOOsec- 1 .
  • the present inventors can finally obtain a fluid of 200 to 3500 sec by selecting a high pressure in the range of 2.5 ⁇ 1.0 MPa, a spinneret hole diameter of ⁇ , 0.7 to 0.8 mm, and a length to diameter ratio LD of the spinneret of 10-12. Shear rate.
  • the stability of the nozzle stretching is particularly prominent here and is closely related to the stretching environment.
  • the nozzle has a stretch gap control and a stretching atmosphere.
  • the nozzle stretching gap should be controlled at 10-15 mm, and the nozzle stretching gap refers to the distance between the spinneret and the cooling liquid surface.
  • the stretching atmosphere can be gas-free convection or in a closed space (closed by an annular ring between the spinneret and the quench liquid).
  • the head of the present invention should be controlled at a tensile strain rate 200-5000mi n, more suitably controlled 800-4500min- ', now draw down multi-stage stretching, the stretching nozzle and the number of tone f ⁇ 15, which is stable
  • the nozzle stretching conditions are more readily available.
  • the nozzle stretching gap of the present invention is preferably controlled at 15 mm to avoid fluctuations in the nozzle shape shift rate due to the gap fluctuation.
  • the fluid stretched by the spray head is cooled to a jelly filament by a quenching solution.
  • a quenching solution it is important to form a stable jelly fiber.
  • the fluid stretched by the nozzle can obtain high-quality jelly fiber only under the condition of uniform and quenching.
  • the temperature of the quenching liquid should be controlled at 8 ⁇ 14 °C, and the quenching liquid penetrates the cooled fluid at 2M/min.
  • a cationic surfactant such as dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride is added to the liquid to accelerate the escape of the solvent in the fiber.
  • an environmentally friendly extractant is used in the fourth step of the method for producing a low-density, high-strength, high-modulus polyethylene fiber according to the present invention.
  • the present invention employs a solvent which is mutually soluble with a spinning solvent white oil and has a boiling point of 80 to 12 (TC, a component of which is a low-carbon chain alkane compound, at 60 Multi-stage extraction is carried out below 'C.
  • the extractant and the white oil solvent component are homologous compounds, they can be separated by a simple separation method, and the two can be recycled; and the alkane compound does not cause pollution and protects the environment.
  • the extract dried resin is subjected to multistage, preferably four-stage hot stretching, and the total draw ratio is ⁇ 15 f ⁇ .
  • the preferred four-stage hot drawing is: the first stage is stretched 6-8 times at 110-125 ° C; the second stage is performed at I 20-130 ° C 1.3- 1.5 Stretching times; the third level is at 120-130. C is stretched by 1.3-1.5 times; the fourth stage is stretched by 1.1-1.2 times at 130-140 °C.
  • the present invention obtains high strength high modulus polyethylene fibers having a single filament fineness ⁇ 2 strength > 35 g/d and a modulus > 1000 g/d. Even high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fibers having a single-filament fineness of ⁇ 1.5 d, a strength of >38 g/d, and a modulus of 1200 g/d were obtained.
  • the spinning is performed at a high pressure, and when the solution flows through the small-diameter spinneret at a high speed, the macromolecular chain is sheared and oriented, and the further untangling and orientation of the macromolecular chain causes the jelly to be pulled. The stretch performance is significantly improved, which is the desired result.
  • 7.5
  • paraffin oil purchased from Jinling Petrochemical
  • Spinning extrusion pressure is 2.5Mpa
  • length to diameter ratio is 10
  • spinneret hole number is 80f
  • single hole volume flow rate is 3.75ml/min
  • solution extrusion The exit velocity is 9.749 m/min
  • the fluid shear rate is 1857 sec'
  • the 7.2-fold nozzle stretch is performed at a gap of 15 mm, and the nozzle has a stretch-type shift rate of Ai Omin' 1 at this moment
  • the fluid is cooled and formed by a quenching solution, the quenching
  • the solution contains an aqueous solution of a cationic surfactant such as dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride at a temperature of 8 14 'C.
  • the draw stretch is carried out immediately at room temperature, thereby obtaining a jelly fiber to be stretched.
  • the above jelly fiber is subjected to room temperature level 3 extraction using 120 solvent gasoline (purchased from Baling Petrochemical Company), and the white oil is replaced by solvent gasoline by extraction; the jelly fiber containing solvent gasoline is separately dried at room temperature and 60 ° C; After drying, the jelly fibers were subjected to four-stage ultra-fold stretching (in the range of 110-140 ° C, the draw ratio per stage was 1.06 times, and the total draw ratio was ⁇ 15 times).
  • the obtained fibers were subjected to mechanical property tests in accordance with ISO2062-1993, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
  • Example 2 Example 2:
  • Spinning pressure is 3.5Mpa
  • length to diameter ratio is 12, spinneret
  • the number of holes is 240f
  • the volume flow rate of single hole is 4.37ml/min
  • the extrusion speed of solution is 8.708m/min
  • the shear rate of fluid is 1449 ⁇ ( ⁇ ; 6 times stretching in 15mm gap
  • the deformation rate of nozzle at this moment It It is 3309 m ⁇ ; after the jelly wire is formed, extracted, and stretched, the process is the same as in Example 1.
  • the obtained fiber is tested for mechanical properties according to ISO2062-1993, and the test results are shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 1
  • the dissolution of the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene and the continuous defoaming were the same as in the first embodiment except that the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene used was changed to the domestic Mw 10 6 (purchased from Jinling Petrochemical).
  • Spinning pressure is 3.0Mpa
  • length to diameter ratio is 10
  • spinneret hole number is 80f
  • single hole volume flow rate is 2.75ml/min
  • solution extrusion speed It is 6.720 m/min
  • the fluid shear rate is 1281.35 ⁇ ( ⁇ ; 1.1 times stretch in the 15 mm gap, at this moment the nozzle deformation rate is only 44.81 ⁇ ⁇ ; after the jelly wire forming, extraction, stretching, the same process Example I, the mechanical properties of the obtained fibers are shown in Table 1.
  • Nozzle draw ratio times 7.2 6.7 1.1 Shear rate (sec-1859 1449 1281.3

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Description

低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚乙烯纤维的制备方法,特别是涉及一种低纤度、高强高模聚乙 烯纤维的制备方法。 背景技术
自上世纪八十年代诞生了高强髙模聚乙烯纤维以来, 人们对冻胶纺进行了深入的 探讨,认识到:(1)超高分子量聚乙烯 UHMW-PE溶液解缠;(2)冻胶丝成形和 UHMW-PE 大分子解缠状态的保持; (3)超倍热拉伸, 导致 PE大分链的高度结晶与取向, 并伴随 着 PE晶系的转化是冻胶纺丝制备高强高模聚乙烯纤维的三大关键, 其中尤以冻胶丝 成形更备受关注, 并取得了实效。
WO 01-73173A提出了采用超长径比 (0= lmm, L/D 40) 的厚喷丝板, 对溶液 进行剪切挤出, 在喷头拉伸狭隘间隙内 (施以横向气流) 进行 5倍以上拉伸, 形变速 率大于 δθθπΰη-1的喷头拉伸, 由此可获得高强高模聚乙烯纤维。 然而该法存在三大缺 陷: (1)、 喷丝板孔径的超长径比, 显然增加了流体流动的阻力, 使喷丝孔挤出速度下 降 (仅为 lml/min), 使纺丝效率低下; (2)、 喷头拉伸控制范围十分狭小 (≤6.4mm), 在实际紡丝中, 骤冷浴内液体的循环引起的液面波动, 不仅影响拉伸形变速率变化, 甚至冷却液会波及喷丝板面, 导致纺丝中断;(3)、在喷头拉伸间隙中,施以 0.76m/min 的吹风是困难的, 尤其当喷丝孔数增大时, 该流速的吹风会失去其意义。
WO 2005/066401A提出了另一方案, 它的核心是改良喷丝板孔形, 将喷丝孔分 为导孔和喷丝孔两部分: 导孔采用较大孔径和长径比(0=3mm, IJD = 18)而喷丝孔 采用较小孔径和长径比(0 = lmm,L D= lO),导孔向喷丝孔收缩的入口角控制在 50°〜 60°之间。 由于长喷丝孔对溶液剪切应力的提高, 使挤出流体更易拉伸, 从而大大地提 高了喷头拉伸形变速率和冻胶丝的热拉伸倍数, 由此可获得高强高模聚乙烯纤维。 然 而该法也存在三大不足: 一是喷孔板由于长导孔引入, 使板厚大大增加, 导致溶液的 流动阻力增大, 具体表现为单孔最大体积流量也仅为 2.2ml/min,显然对高效纺丝是不 利的; 二是喷头拉伸在较高倍下 (以实例 1.2, 拉伸倍率为 40) 可体现效果, 然而高 倍的喷头拉伸会危及拉伸的稳定; 三是如降低喷头拉伸倍数又会增加冻胶丝热拉伸的 负担与装备困难。 发明内容
本发明是基于上述问题而完成的。 目的是提供一种高效率制备低纤度高强高模聚 乙烯纤维的方法。 它的核心是以提高溶液挤出速度为出发点, 采用细喷丝孔径、 长径 比适中的薄型喷丝板来达到目的。 它具有高效率低投入的特征。
根据上述目的, 本发明的第一方面提供一种低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备 方法, 所述方法包括如下步骤- a. 将 Mw=2.5〜5x l06的超高分子量聚乙烯溶解于粘度为 6.5〜7.5的低粘度石腊油 中, 形成浓度为 3〜15%的纺丝溶液;
b. 对纺丝溶液施以在 2.5±1.0Mpa范围内的高压, 通过喷丝板孔数至少为 10f、 孔 径 Φ =0.7〜0.8ηπη并且喷丝孔长径比为 10-12的薄型喷丝板, 使得喷丝孔内的流体以 200〜350056(^的剪切速率挤出, 随后在喷丝板与冷却液面之间的 10〜15mm空气间 隙内, 以 ZOO SOOOtnin—1的喷头形变速率实施喷头拉伸;
c 将喷头拉伸的流体进入到骤冷溶液中, 形成冻胶丝;
d. 对冻胶丝实施萃取、 干燥; 和
e. 将干燥的冻胶丝实施≤15的多级超倍后拉伸。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中, 所述流体剪切速率的更佳值为 800〜22005^ 在本发明的再一个实施方案中, 所述流体喷头形变速率的更佳值为 800〜 4500min"O
在本发明的再一个实施方案中, 喷头拉伸间隙更优选为 15mm。
在本发明的再一个实施方案中, 喷丝板孔数至少为 80f, 单孔挤出流量为 2.5〜 5ml/min。
在本发明的再一个实施方案中, 所形成的纺丝溶液的浓度为 6〜10%。
在本发明的再一个实施方案中, 所述骤冷溶液是含阳离子表面活性剂的水溶液。 在本发明的再一个实施方案中, 其中以 120溶剂汽油为萃取剂进行多级萃取和干 ^z。
在本发明的再一个实施方案中 , 所述骤冷却溶液是一种包含表面活性剂的水溶 液, 温度保持在 8~ 14'C之间。
在本发明的再一个实施方案中, 所述多级超倍后拉伸是四级拉伸, 拉伸倍数≤15。 由此, 根据本发明的制备方法, 获得单丝纤度 <2d、强度 >35g/d、模量〉 1000g/d 的高强高模聚乙烯纤维。 而在本发明的另一个实施方案中, 获得单丝纤度 < 1.5d, 强 度> 38§/ 模量 > 1200g/d的高强高模聚乙烯纤维。
由于本发明采用了高压和长径比合适的薄型喷丝板, 使得单孔体积流量达到了 2.5-5ml/min, 因此在获得高强高模聚乙烯纤维的同时, 大大地提高了纺丝效率。 附图说明
图 1是根据本发明一个实施方案的多孔薄型喷丝板中的喷丝孔的截面示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明的目的是提供一种纺丝效率得到提高的低纤度、 高强髙模聚乙烯纤维的制 备方法。 在该方法中, 首先, 将 Mw=2.5〜5x l06的超高分子量聚乙烯溶解于粘度为 6.5〜7.5的低粘度石腊油中, 形成浓度为 3〜15%的纺丝溶液, 优选形成 6〜10%的纺 丝溶液。
接着,对所得纺丝溶液施以在 2.5±1.0Mpa范围内的高压,使该纺丝溶液以单孔体 积流量 2.5〜5ml/min通过薄型喷丝板挤出, 所述。所述薄型喷丝板的孔数至少为 10f、 孔径 0.7〜0.8mm、 长径比 L/D为 10-12的范围之内。 在一些实施方案中, 所述孔数为 10、 50、 80、 200、 240f。 在一些实施方案中, 所述孔径为 0.7、 0.71、 0.72、 0.75、 0.78 禾口 8.0 mm, 并且所述长径比 IJD为 10、 10.3、 10.5、 11、 11.5和 12。 此刻, 流体的剪 切速率在 200〜3500 56(^的范围之内, 包括 200、 250、 300、 500、 1000、 1200、 1500、 2000、 2500、 3000、 3300和 3500 sec—1; 并且, 使被挤出流体在 10〜! 5mm的间隙内, 实施 SOO SOOOmin—1形变速率的喷头拉伸。 其中所述间隙包括 10、 10.5、 11、 12、 13、 14和 15mm。所述形变速率包括 200、 500、 700、 800、 画、 1500、 画、 2000、 3000、 3500、 4000、 4500、 4800和 5000 min-1
所述长径比 L D是指喷丝孔的长度 L与直径 D的比率。 为了说明长径比 L/D, 图 1 示意性地描述了在本发明的一个实施方案中所使用的多孔薄型喷丝板的截面。 如图 1 所 示, 喷丝孔分为导孔 1和喷丝细孔 2。 相比于 WO 2005/066401A中所提出的方案, 本发 明所使用的喷丝孔中的导孔的长度非常短。因此, 本发明的喷丝板可以是薄型的。在本申 请中,长径比中的长度是指喷丝细孔 2的高度,而长径比中的直径是指喷丝细孔 2的直径。
为了获得在 200〜3500 56(^的流体的剪切速率, 本发明在工艺上采取如下的相应 措施- ( 1 )提高纺丝压力, 提升纺丝效率
通常, 流体在流经半径为 R的毛细管时, 流体与毛细管壁产生剪切, 流体所受剪 切应力可用下列方程表示:
dP r
σ„ =■
dZ 2
(1) dP
式中 σΓΖ是流体处于半径为 r时,沿流动方向的剪切应力; 是压力随流动子方 向的变化。
由方程 (1)可求出流体在管壁处最大剪切应力: 流体的表观剪切粘度 η8与管壁剪切应力0 、流体流经毛细管的剪切速率丫„之间的 关系为: 。= (3)
Figure imgf000006_0001
由方程 ( 1 )可见, 流体随剪切应力与压力成正比, 提高纺丝压力, 是提高剪切应力 的好措施; 由方程 (3)可见, 表观剪切粘度 T]a随剪切速率的提高而降低。
鉴于超高分子量聚乙烯大分子链高度缠结, 本发明采用了对聚合体进行预溶胀和 双螺杆挤出机的连续溶解、 脱泡工艺, 所得溶液具有较高的粘度。 之后运用双螺杆挤 出机具有强大的输出功能, 由此为纺丝提供了较高(1.5〜4.5Mpa)压力, 并在此压力 下大大地提升了纺丝效率。
提高纺丝压力, 使得剪切应力提高, 这不仅有利使超高分子量大分子解缠, 溶液 表观粘度降低, 使纺丝可以顺利地进行, 而且使大分子链也会沿挤出方向取向, 这将 有益于之后的喷头拉伸和冻胶丝的热拉伸的进行。
(2)提高流体剪切速率, 进一步解除大分子缠结
超高分子量聚乙烯大分子链在溶液中的解缠状态是处于一动态平衡, 高的流体剪 切速率, 赋予大分子链高的剪切应力, 它将有利于大分子链的进一步解缠。 本发明采 用 0.7〜0.8mm的细喷丝孔径和 2.5〜5ml/min的高喷丝单孔挤出流量, 可使溶液剪切 速度在 200〜2200sec_l。 原因如下:
依据超高分子量聚乙烯半稀溶液流变性能的研究 [详见陈克权、 张安秋等合成纤 维工业 vol l l , 5, P41 , 1988 ], 这一假塑性非牛顿流体在毛细管中的剪切速率 γ为:
3« + 1 , r =—r-rN (4)
An d\nP
n = (5)
— 4g — 4 r,
rNH 。 (6) l γ
尸 = 2σ~^ + 2σ?其中 f e = s + ^^
RN 2
(7)
Figure imgf000007_0001
式中 γΝ为牛顿流体的剪切速率; η为非牛顿指数; Ρ为挤出压力; Q为挤出体积 流量; R和 D为喷孔的半径和直径, Vo为挤出速度; e为末端核心值;
σπ— σ22为第一法向应力差; Ye为可用复弹性形变。
因此, 本发明人通过选取在上述范围内的挤出速度和喷丝孔半径, 可以得到在 SOO SSOOsec—1的流体剪切速率。
在本发明中, 流体剪切速率更宜控制在 SOO SOOOsec—1的范围内。
将方程 (6)代入方程 (4)可得: γ =
4« R (9) 从方程 (9)可见,提高挤出体积流量 Q和减少喷丝孔半径将会大大地提高流体剪切 速率。 其物理意义: ①它是提高溶液剪切应力的直接手段; ②它是降低溶液表观粘度 的有效方法, 有益于纺丝的进行。
因此, 本发明人通过选取在 2.5±1.0Mpa范围内的高压、 0.7〜0.8mm的喷丝孔孔 径 Φ、 10-12的喷丝孔长径比 LD, 最终可以得到在 200〜3500 sec 的流体剪切速率。
(3)提高喷头拉伸的形变速率
由方程 (8)可见, 第一法向应力差与剪切应力成正比, 这是造成孔口膨化的主要 原因, 为降低成品纤维纤度必需进行喷头拉伸, 以抵御孔口膨化产生的负面效应。
由喷头拉伸形变速率定义可知- έ= (λ-l) VoH (10) 式中 έ为喷头拉伸形变速率; λ为喷头拉伸倍数; Η为喷头拉伸的间隙; Vo为挤 出速度。
由方程 (10)可见, 喷头拉伸形变速率与 (拉伸倍数 -1) 和挤出速度成正比, 与拉 伸间隙成反比。 从实际操作上, 提高挤出速度对提升形变速率更为简易有效。
而且, 喷头拉伸的稳定在此显得格外突出, 并与拉伸环境紧密联系。 具体是喷头 拉伸间隙控制和拉伸氛围。 其喷头拉伸间隙宜控制在 10-15mm, 所述喷头拉伸间隙是 指在喷丝板与冷却液面之间的距离。 其拉伸氛围可以是无气体对流或在封闭的空间内 (喷丝板与骤冷液之间以环形圈封闭)。
因此, 本发明的喷头拉伸形变速率宜控制在 200-5000min , 更宜控制在 800-4500min-' , 此刻喷头拉伸进行多级拉伸, 并且喷头拉伸 f音数≤15 , 其稳定喷头拉 伸条件更易获得。
本发明的喷头拉伸间隙更宜控制在 15mm , 以避免由于间隙起伏引起喷头形变速 率的波动。
在根据本发明的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法的第三步骤中, 要将喷 头拉伸的流体经骤冷溶液冷却成冻胶丝。在这一步骤中,形成稳定的冻胶纤维很重要。 经喷头拉伸的流体只有在均匀、 骤冷的条件下才能获优质的冻胶纤维, 此刻骤冷液温 度宜控制在 8〜14°C, 骤冷液以 2M/min贯穿被冷却的流体, 并在该液体中加入阳离 子表面活性剂例如十二垸基三甲基氯化铵以加速纤维中溶剂的逸击。
在根据本发明的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法的第四步骤中, 使用的 是环保萃取剂。 与 WO 01-73173A不同之处, 本发明采用的是与纺丝溶剂白油可相互 溶解、 沸点为 80〜12(TC的溶剂汽油, 它的组分是低碳链的烷烃类化合物, 在 60'C以 下实施多级萃取。
由于该萃取剂与白油溶剂组份为同系化合物, 故可通过简单的分离方法予以分 割, 两者可循环使用; 又因烷烃化合物不会产生污染, 保护了环境。
在根据本发明的低纤度、髙强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法的第五步骤中,进行低 拉伸倍数的多级超倍后拉伸。
即, 对萃取干燥处理的冻胶纤维进行多级、 优选四级热拉伸, 总后拉伸倍数≤15 f咅。在一个优选实施方案中, 所述优选的四级热拉伸是: 第一级在 110-125°C进行 6-8 倍的拉伸;第二级在 I 20-130°C进行 1.3- 1.5倍的拉伸;第三级在 120- 130。C进行 1.3-1.5 倍的拉伸; 第四级在 130-140°C进行 1.1-1.2倍的拉伸。
这样, 本发明获得了单丝纤度<2 强度〉 35g/d、 模量〉 1000g/d的高强高模聚 乙烯纤维。 甚至, 还获得了单丝纤度 < 1.5d、 强度 >38g/d、 模量〉 1200g/d 的高强高 模聚乙烯纤维。 在本发明中, 以高压实施纺丝, 溶液以高速流经小孔径的喷丝板时, 对大分子链 进行剪切和取向, 这一大分子链的进一步解缠和取向使冻胶丝拉伸性能得以明显改 善, 这是人们所期望的结果。
并且在本发明的制备方法中, 由于釆用了高压以及长径比适中的薄型喷丝板, 实 现了 2.5 5ml/miri的单孔体积流量, 因而提高了纺丝效率。 实施例 '
以下由实施例进一步详细描述本发明, 但这些实施例仅用于说明本发明, 而不是 限制本发明。
实施例 1 :
将超高分子量聚乙烯(GUR-4022 ) Mw=350xl04置于低粘度(η = 7.5 )的石腊油 (购 买自金陵石化)中进行预溶胀处理, 得浓度为 8%的超高分子量聚乙烯部分溶胀的悬浮 液; 将上述悬浮液喂入同向旋转平行双螺杆挤出机 (购买自南京瑞亚弗斯特高聚物装备 公司, 0 2x65mm, L/D=68, 主机转速 N=350 rpm)进行快速溶解, 连续脱泡。 纺丝条 件: 纺丝挤出压力为 2.5Mpa, 喷丝板孔径为 0=O.7mm, 长径比为 10, 喷丝板孔数为 80f, 单孔体积流量为 3.75ml/min , 溶液挤出速度为 9.749m/min , 流体剪切速率为 1857sec ' ; 在 15mm间隙进行 7.2倍喷头拉伸, 此刻喷头拉伸形变速率为 Ai Omin'1 ; 流 体经骤冷溶液冷却成形,所述骤冷溶液包含有阳离子表面活性剂例如十二垸基三甲基氯 化铵的水溶液, 温度在 8 14'C。 紧接在室温条件下进行牵引拉伸, 由此得到待拉伸的 冻胶纤维。
上述冻胶纤维采用 120溶剂汽油 (购买自巴陵石化公司)进行室温 3级萃取, 通过 萃取,白油被溶剂汽油取代;包含溶剂汽油的冻胶纤维分别进行室温和 60°C两级干燥; 干燥后冻胶纤维进行四级超倍后拉伸(在 110-140°C的范围内进行,每级拉伸比为 1.06 倍, 总拉伸倍数≤15倍)。 所得纤维根据 ISO2062-1993进行力学性能测试, 测试结果 示出在表 1中。 实施例 2:
超高分子量聚乙烯的溶解、 连续脱泡, 除所采用的超高分子量聚乙烯改为国产 Mw=3.0x l06(购买自金陵石化)之外其它与实施例 1相同。
紡丝条件: 紡丝压力为 3.5Mpa, 喷丝板孔径为 0=O.8mm, 长径比为 12, 喷丝板 孔数为 240f, 单孔体积流量为 4.37ml/min, 溶液挤出速度是 8.708m/min, 流体剪切速 率为 1449^(^ ; 在 15mm间隙进行 6倍拉伸, 此刻喷头拉伸形变速率为 3309m ^ ; 之后冻胶丝成形、 萃取、 拉伸, 过程同实施例 1, 所得纤维根据 ISO2062-1993进行力 学性能测试, 测试结果详见表 1。 对照例 1
超高分子量聚乙烯的溶解、 连续脱泡除所采用的超高分子量聚乙烯改为国产 Mw 106(购买自金陵石化)外, 其它与实施例 1相同。
纺丝条件: 纺丝压力为 3.0Mpa, 喷丝板孔径为 0 = O.8mm, 长径比为 10, 喷丝板 孔数为 80f, 单孔体积流量为 2.75ml/min, 溶液挤出速度是 6.720 m/min, 流体剪切速 率为 1281.35ε(^ ;在 15mm间隙进行 1.1倍拉伸,此刻喷头拉伸形变速率仅为 44.81^^ ; 之后冻胶丝成形、 萃取、 拉伸, 过程同实施例 I, 所得纤维的力学性能详见表 1。
表 1
实施 1 实施 2 对照 1
UHMW-PE重均分子量 350x 104 300x 104 250x 104 浓度 (%) 8 8 8
双螺杆 (mm) 2x56 2x56 2x56 喷丝孔直径 (mm) 0.7 0.8 0.8
喷丝孔孔数 (f) 80 240 80 单孔挤出量 (ml/min) 3.75 4.37 2.07
挤出速度 (M/min) 9.749 8.708 6.720
喷头拉伸倍数 (倍) 7.2 6.7 1.1 剪切速率 (sec— 1857 1449 1281.3 喷头拉伸形变速率(min'1 ) 4030 3309 44.8
总纤度 (dtex/d) 167/150 331/299 1031/929 单丝纤度 (dtex/d) 2.09/1.88 1.39/1.25 14.3/12.9 拉伸强度 (g/d) 38.8 35.75 30 模量 (g/d) 1271.6 1221 788 伸长率(%) 3.02 3.2 4.6

Claims

1 . 一种低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法, 所述方法包括如下步骤: a. 将 Mw=2.5〜5x l00的超高分子量聚乙烯溶解于粘度为 6.5〜7.5的低粘度石腊油 中, 形成浓度为 3〜15%的纺丝溶液;
b. 对纺丝溶液施以在 2.5±1.0Mpa范围内的高压, 通过喷丝板孔数至少为 10f、 孔 径 (D=0.7〜0.8mm并且喷丝孔长径比为 10-12的薄型喷丝板, 使得喷丝孔内的流体以 200〜3500sec— 1的剪切速率挤出, 随后在喷丝板与冷却液面之间的 10〜15mm空气间 隙内, 以 SOO SOOOmin—1的喷头形变速率实施喷头拉伸;
c 将喷头拉伸的流体进入到骤冷溶液中, 形成冻胶丝;
d. 对冻胶丝实施萃取、 干燥; 和
e. 将干燥的冻胶丝实施≤15的多级超倍后拉伸。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法, 其特征在于 所述剪切速率为 800〜22005ε(^。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法, 其特征在于 所述喷头形变速率为 800〜4500min—'。
4. 根据权利要求 1-3中任一项所述的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法, 其中喷头拉伸间隙更优选为 15mm。
5. 根据权利要求 1-3中任一项所述的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法, 其中在所述 b步骤中, 喷丝板孔数至少为 80f, 单孔挤出流量为 2.5〜5ml/min。
6. 根据权利要求 1 -3中任一项所述的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法, 其中在所述 a步骤中, 形成浓度为 6〜10°/。的纺丝溶液。
7. 根据权利要求 1 -3中任一项所述的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法, 其中所述骤冷溶液是含阳离子表面活性剂的水溶液。
8. 根据权利要求 1-3中任一项所述的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法, 其中以 120溶剂汽油为萃取剂进行多级萃取和干燥。
9. 根据权利要求 1-3中任一项所述的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法, 其中多级超倍后拉伸是四级拉伸, 拉伸倍数≤15。
10. 根据权利要求 1-3中任一项所述的低纤度、 高强高模聚乙烯纤维的制备方法, 其中所得低纤度、高强高模聚乙烯纤维的单丝纤度 <2d,强度 > 35g/d,模量〉 1000g/d。
PCT/CN2008/001606 2007-09-24 2008-09-11 Procédé pour produire une fibre de polyéthylène de taille plus petite, à ténacité élevée et à module élevé Ceased WO2009039725A1 (fr)

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US8858851B2 (en) 2014-10-14
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