WO2009093129A2 - Sunlight concentrator for a photovoltaic generation system - Google Patents

Sunlight concentrator for a photovoltaic generation system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009093129A2
WO2009093129A2 PCT/IB2009/000111 IB2009000111W WO2009093129A2 WO 2009093129 A2 WO2009093129 A2 WO 2009093129A2 IB 2009000111 W IB2009000111 W IB 2009000111W WO 2009093129 A2 WO2009093129 A2 WO 2009093129A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sunlight
concentrator
optical axis
generatrix
reflecting surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2009/000111
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French (fr)
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WO2009093129A3 (en
Inventor
Andrea Antonini
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CPOWER Srl
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CPOWER Srl
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Publication date
Application filed by CPOWER Srl filed Critical CPOWER Srl
Priority to EP09704680A priority Critical patent/EP2248187A2/en
Publication of WO2009093129A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009093129A2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2009093129A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009093129A3/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/83—Other shapes
    • F24S2023/832—Other shapes curved
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sunlight concentrator for a photovoltaic generation system.
  • one of the simplest photovoltaic generation systems is of the type comprising a photovoltaic receiver consisting, for instance, of a small photovoltaic cell panel, and a concentrator consisting of a curved reflecting surface disc, for instance paraboloidal, to concentrate a great amount of sunlight on the photovoltaic cell panel.
  • Photovoltaic cells are preferably connected in series one to the other to increase the electric voltage provided by the panel .
  • the cost of the photovoltaic cell panel is mainly due to the cost of the semiconductor the single photovoltaic cells are made of .
  • the use of the concentrator serves to reduce the number of photovoltaic cells employed in the panel and therefore to reduce the cost thereof, depending on the desired electric power to be generated.
  • photovoltaic cells are made of the same semiconductor again in order to reduce the cost of the panel.
  • the concentrator does not ensure a uniform distribution of the flow of solar radiation on the whole area of the panel of photovoltaic cells. This results in the photovoltaic cells not being used efficiently, in the sense that less illuminated photovoltaic cells limit the ' production of current of more illuminated photovoltaic cells because of the above mentioned electric connection in series. This implies a reduction in the overall energy conversion efficiency of the system.
  • FIG. 1 shows a photovoltaic generation system provided with the sunlight concentrator obtained according to an embodiment of the present invention according to a simplified longitudinal section view;
  • - Figure 2 shows the photovoltaic generation system of Figure 1 according to an axonometric view;
  • FIG. 3 and 4 show the photovoltaic generation system of Figure 2 provided with the sunlight concentrator obtained according to further respective embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 show the distribution of the solar radiation on a photovoltaic converter of the photovoltaic generation system of Figure 1 provided with a known sunlight concentrator and, respectively, provided with the sunlight concentrator obtained according to the present invention.
  • numeral 1 generically indicates a photovoltaic generation system comprising a sunlight concentrator 2, which consists of a disc having a curved reflecting surface 2a and an optical axis 3 passing through an optical centre C lying on reflecting surface 2a and through a focal zone, in which the rays of sunlight that strike parallelly to optical axis 3 on reflecting surface 2a are ideally focused.
  • the focal zone consists of an area (not shown) defined on a plane (not shown) perpendicular to optical axis 3 and centred in a point F of optical axis 3, which is hereinafter designated as focus.
  • numerals 4 and 5 indicate the tracks of some of the incident rays which define an incident beam of sunlight
  • numerals 6 and 7 indicate the tracks of corresponding reflected rays converging in the focal zone which define a concentrated beam of sunlight.
  • Photovoltaic generation system 1 comprises a photovoltaic converter 8, which consists of a photovoltaic cell panel of the known type and is arranged between optical centre C and focus F to receive concentrated beam 6, 7 of sunlight reflected by concentrator 2 and convert received sunlight into electric energy.
  • converter 8 is substantially square and is arranged so that optical axis 3 passes therethrough centrally and perpendicularly at a point P of optical axis 3 between optical centre C and focus F and at a short distance from focus F. Due to its arrangement, converter 8 intercepts incident beam 4, 5 therefore projecting a shadow 9 on reflecting surface 2a having the same shape as converter 8 and centred on optical axis 3.
  • this curvature will hereinafter be designated as pseudoparabolic curvature.
  • reflecting surface 2a has a substantially square front section in order to be • compatible with the shape of converter 8.
  • the pseudoparabolic curvature of concentrator 2 allows to increase the distribution uniformity of the flow of solar radiation on converter 8 with respect to a parabolic curvature, as that used by solar concentrators of the known type and typically obtained by rotation of a parabola branch about the optical axis thereof.
  • Figure 5 shows the distribution of the flow of solar radiation on converter 8 obtained with a parabolic concentrator known in the state of the art
  • Figure 6 shows the distribution of the flow of solar radiation on converter 8 obtained with concentrator 3 which has a pseudoparabolic curvature .
  • An improvement in the distribution uniformity on converter 8 by switching from a parabolic curvature ( Figure 5) to a pseudoparabolic curvature ( Figure 6) may be noted comparing Figure 5 with Figure 6.
  • converter 8 is rectangular or hexagonal and accordingly concentrator 2 has a rectangular or respectively a hexagonal front section.
  • the surface of concentrator 2 has a through-opening 11 centred on optical axis 3.
  • opening 11 substantially has the same shape as shadow 9 proj ected by converter 8 on reflecting surface 2a and is sized so as to be totally covered by shadow 9.
  • opening 11 has an edge 12 that remains totally within shadow 9.
  • Opening 11 may be for instance obtained by cutting out a corresponding central portion of concentrator 2 already profiled according to the pseudoparabolic curvature. The purpose of opening 11 is to make concentrator 2 lighter and less sensitive to wind, the amount of received and converted sunlight being the same.
  • edge 12 of opening 11 is defined by a vertex-free line ( Figure 4) or by a generic curved line and generatrix 10 consists of a branch of the curve described by function (1) which lies on a determined plane (not shown) .
  • the pseudoparabolic curvature of reflecting surface 2a is ' generated by a movement of generatrix 10 along edge 12.
  • the generating movement consists in a movement of -the plane of generatrix.10 such that an extreme point G of generatrix 10 moves along edge 12 and the line defining edge 12 always passes through this plane perpendicularly at extreme point G.
  • the main advantage of above disclosed concentrator 2, and therefore ' of photovoltaic generation system 1 employing this concentrator 2, is to increase the photovoltaic conversion efficiency with respect to the known systems,- as concentrator 2 allows a better uniformity in the distribution of the light radiation flow on converter 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

A sunlight concentrator for a photovoltaic generation system (1), the concentrator (2) having an optical axis (3) and a curved reflecting surface (2a) to concentrate, according to a concentrated beam (6, 7) of rays ideally focusing in a focus (F) lying on the optical axis (3), the sunlight that strikes, according to an incident beam (4, 5) of rays parallel to the optical axis (3), on the reflecting surface (2a), and in which the reflecting surface (2a) has a curvature generated by a movement of a generatrix (10) consisting of a branch of a curve described by a polynomial function of degree in the range between 2.1 and 1.9, but different from 2.

Description

SUNLIGHT CONCENTRATOR FOR A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION SYSTEM
TECHNICAL FIELD' The present invention relates to a sunlight concentrator for a photovoltaic generation system. BACKGROUND ART
As is known, one of the simplest photovoltaic generation systems . is of the type comprising a photovoltaic receiver consisting, for instance, of a small photovoltaic cell panel, and a concentrator consisting of a curved reflecting surface disc, for instance paraboloidal, to concentrate a great amount of sunlight on the photovoltaic cell panel. Photovoltaic cells are preferably connected in series one to the other to increase the electric voltage provided by the panel .
The cost of the photovoltaic cell panel is mainly due to the cost of the semiconductor the single photovoltaic cells are made of . The use of the concentrator serves to reduce the number of photovoltaic cells employed in the panel and therefore to reduce the cost thereof, depending on the desired electric power to be generated. Furthermore, photovoltaic cells are made of the same semiconductor again in order to reduce the cost of the panel.
However, the concentrator does not ensure a uniform distribution of the flow of solar radiation on the whole area of the panel of photovoltaic cells. This results in the photovoltaic cells not being used efficiently, in the sense that less illuminated photovoltaic cells limit the ' production of current of more illuminated photovoltaic cells because of the above mentioned electric connection in series. This implies a reduction in the overall energy conversion efficiency of the system.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION It is the object of the present invention to provide a sunlight concentrator for a photovoltaic generation system and a photovoltaic generation system employing this concentrator, which do not have the above disclosed drawback and are at the same time easy and cost-effective to make.
According to the present invention a sunlight concentrator for a photovoltaic generation system and a photovoltaic generation system according to the appended claims are provided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which set forth non-limitative embodiments thereof, in which:
- Figure 1 shows a photovoltaic generation system provided with the sunlight concentrator obtained according to an embodiment of the present invention according to a simplified longitudinal section view; - Figure 2 shows the photovoltaic generation system of Figure 1 according to an axonometric view;
- Figures 3 and 4 show the photovoltaic generation system of Figure 2 provided with the sunlight concentrator obtained according to further respective embodiments of the present invention; and
- Figures 5 and 6 show the distribution of the solar radiation on a photovoltaic converter of the photovoltaic generation system of Figure 1 provided with a known sunlight concentrator and, respectively, provided with the sunlight concentrator obtained according to the present invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In Figure 1, numeral 1 generically indicates a photovoltaic generation system comprising a sunlight concentrator 2, which consists of a disc having a curved reflecting surface 2a and an optical axis 3 passing through an optical centre C lying on reflecting surface 2a and through a focal zone, in which the rays of sunlight that strike parallelly to optical axis 3 on reflecting surface 2a are ideally focused. In particular, the focal zone consists of an area (not shown) defined on a plane (not shown) perpendicular to optical axis 3 and centred in a point F of optical axis 3, which is hereinafter designated as focus. Furthermore, numerals 4 and 5 indicate the tracks of some of the incident rays which define an incident beam of sunlight, and numerals 6 and 7 indicate the tracks of corresponding reflected rays converging in the focal zone which define a concentrated beam of sunlight.
Photovoltaic generation system 1 comprises a photovoltaic converter 8, which consists of a photovoltaic cell panel of the known type and is arranged between optical centre C and focus F to receive concentrated beam 6, 7 of sunlight reflected by concentrator 2 and convert received sunlight into electric energy. In particular, converter 8 is substantially square and is arranged so that optical axis 3 passes therethrough centrally and perpendicularly at a point P of optical axis 3 between optical centre C and focus F and at a short distance from focus F. Due to its arrangement, converter 8 intercepts incident beam 4, 5 therefore projecting a shadow 9 on reflecting surface 2a having the same shape as converter 8 and centred on optical axis 3.
With reference to Figure 2 , which shows photovoltaic generation system 1 according to an axonometric view, reflecting surface 2a of concentrator 2 has a curvature generated by the rotation about optical axis 3 of a generatrix 10 consisting of a curve described by a polynomial function of degree in the range between 2.1 and 1.9, but different from 2, and in particular by a function of the type y = a-xb, (1)' in which a is a proportionality constant and b is a real number different from 2 and in the range between 1.9 and 2.1. For the sake of simplicity, this curvature will hereinafter be designated as pseudoparabolic curvature. Furthermore, reflecting surface 2a has a substantially square front section in order to be • compatible with the shape of converter 8.
The pseudoparabolic curvature of concentrator 2 allows to increase the distribution uniformity of the flow of solar radiation on converter 8 with respect to a parabolic curvature, as that used by solar concentrators of the known type and typically obtained by rotation of a parabola branch about the optical axis thereof. In this regard, Figure 5 shows the distribution of the flow of solar radiation on converter 8 obtained with a parabolic concentrator known in the state of the art, and Figure 6 shows the distribution of the flow of solar radiation on converter 8 obtained with concentrator 3 which has a pseudoparabolic curvature . An improvement in the distribution uniformity on converter 8 by switching from a parabolic curvature (Figure 5) to a pseudoparabolic curvature (Figure 6) may be noted comparing Figure 5 with Figure 6.
According to a further embodiment (not shown) of the present invention, converter 8 is rectangular or hexagonal and accordingly concentrator 2 has a rectangular or respectively a hexagonal front section.
According to a further embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 3 , in which corresponding elements are indicated by the same numerals or abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 2 , the surface of concentrator 2 has a through-opening 11 centred on optical axis 3. In particular, opening 11 substantially has the same shape as shadow 9 proj ected by converter 8 on reflecting surface 2a and is sized so as to be totally covered by shadow 9. In other terms, opening 11 has an edge 12 that remains totally within shadow 9. Opening 11 may be for instance obtained by cutting out a corresponding central portion of concentrator 2 already profiled according to the pseudoparabolic curvature. The purpose of opening 11 is to make concentrator 2 lighter and less sensitive to wind, the amount of received and converted sunlight being the same.
' According to a further embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 4, in which corresponding elements are indicated by the same numerals or abbreviations as in Figure 3, edge 12 of opening 11 is defined by a vertex-free line (Figure 4) or by a generic curved line and generatrix 10 consists of a branch of the curve described by function (1) which lies on a determined plane (not shown) . . The pseudoparabolic curvature of reflecting surface 2a is' generated by a movement of generatrix 10 along edge 12. In particular, the generating movement consists in a movement of -the plane of generatrix.10 such that an extreme point G of generatrix 10 moves along edge 12 and the line defining edge 12 always passes through this plane perpendicularly at extreme point G. The main advantage of above disclosed concentrator 2, and therefore' of photovoltaic generation system 1 employing this concentrator 2, is to increase the photovoltaic conversion efficiency with respect to the known systems,- as concentrator 2 allows a better uniformity in the distribution of the light radiation flow on converter 8.

Claims

1. A sunlight concentrator for a photovoltaic generation system (1) ; the sunlight concentrator (2) having an optical axis ' (3) and a curved reflecting surface (2a) to concentrate, according to a concentrated beam (6, 7) of rays ideally focusing in a focal zone through which the optical axis (3) passes, the sunlight that strikes, according to an incident beam (4, 5) of rays parallel to -the optical axis (3), on the reflecting surface (2a) ; and being characterised in that the reflecting surface (2a) has a curvature generated by a movement of a generatrix (10) comprising at least one branch of a curve described by a polynomial function of degree in the range between 2.1 and 1.9, but different from 2.
2. The sunlight concentrator according to claim 1, wherein said movement of a generatrix (10) consists of a rotation of said generatrix (10) about said optical axis .
3. The sunlight concentrator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said concentrator (2) has a through- opening (11) centred on said optical axis (3) ; the opening (11) having substantially the shape of a shadow (9) projected on said reflecting surface (2a) by said first converter (8) intercepting said incident beam (4, 5) and being sized so as to be completely covered by the shadow (9) itself.
4. The sunlight concentrator according to claim 1, wherein said concentrator (2) has a through-opening (11) centred on said optical axis (3); the opening (11) having substantially the shape of a shadow (9) projected on said reflecting surface (2a) by said first converter (8) intercepting said incident beam (4, 5) and being sized so as to be completely covered by the shadow (9) itself; said movement of a generatrix (10) consisting of a movement of the generatrix (10) along an edge (12) of the opening (11) of the concentrator (2) .
5. The sunlight concentrator according to claim 4 ,
• wherein said edge (12) of said opening (11) is defined along a vertex-free line and said generatrix (10) lies on a determined plane; said movement of the generatrix (10) along an edge (12) of the opening (11) consisting of a movement of the plane of the generatrix (10) such that an extreme point (G) of the generatrix (10) moves along the edge (12) and the line defining the edge (12) always passes through the plane of the generatrix (10) perpendicularly at the extreme point (G) .
6. The sunlight concentrator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said polynomial function is of the type y = a-xb, wherein a is a proportionality constant and b is a real number in the range between 1.9 and 2.1, but different from 2.
7. A photovoltaic generation system comprising a sunlight concentrator (2) , which has an optical axis (3) and a curved reflecting surface (2a) to concentrate, 'according to a concentrated beam (6, 7) of rays ideally focusing in a focal zone through which the optical axis (3) passes, the sunlight that strikes, according to an incident beam (4, 5) of rays parallel to the optical axis (3) , on the reflecting surface (2a) , and photovoltaic conversion means (8) arranged in a point (P) of the optical axis (3) in such a way as to receive the concentrated beam (6, 7) of sunlight and adapted to convert received sunlight into electrical power; and being characterised in that the sunlight concentrator (2) is of the type claimed in one of claims 1 to 6.
PCT/IB2009/000111 2008-01-23 2009-01-22 Sunlight concentrator for a photovoltaic generation system Ceased WO2009093129A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09704680A EP2248187A2 (en) 2008-01-23 2009-01-22 Sunlight concentrator for a photovoltaic generation system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITBO2008A000041 2008-01-23
IT000041A ITBO20080041A1 (en) 2008-01-23 2008-01-23 SOLAR LIGHT CONCENTRATOR FOR A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION SYSTEM

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WO2009093129A2 true WO2009093129A2 (en) 2009-07-30
WO2009093129A3 WO2009093129A3 (en) 2010-08-26

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IT (1) ITBO20080041A1 (en)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114527558A (en) * 2022-02-14 2022-05-24 华北电力大学 Sphere-like reflection condenser considering sun field angle

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FR814875A (en) * 1936-02-22 1937-07-01 Solar heat utilization device
FR2404306A1 (en) * 1977-09-23 1979-04-20 Labo Electronique Physique Solar energy converter using photovoltaic cell - has convergent lens centrally located in toroidal reflector of parabolic form
FR2446447A1 (en) * 1978-12-05 1980-08-08 Comp Generale Electricite Solar panel providing electrical and thermal outputs - has photovoltaic cells mounted on heat collector, carried longitudinally by mirrored reflectors
FR2477686A1 (en) * 1980-03-05 1981-09-11 Opthra Ste Civile CATOPTERIC CONCENTRATOR SENSOR OF LOW-DIVERGENCE RADIATION BEAMS, IN PARTICULAR SOLAR RADIATION OR BEAMS OBTAINED BY MEANS OF LASERS
FR2783042A1 (en) * 1998-09-04 2000-03-10 Herve Perro Solar energy capture and concentration device for use as a portable cooking or sterilization oven, comprises a number of focal mirrors superimposed on to a central mirror
US6620995B2 (en) * 2001-03-30 2003-09-16 Sergiy Victorovich Vasylyev Non-imaging system for radiant energy flux transformation
WO2006083742A2 (en) * 2005-02-01 2006-08-10 Prueitt Melvin L Concentrating solar power
ITBO20080039A1 (en) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-24 Cpower S R L PHOTOVOLTAIC RECEIVER FOR A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION SYSTEM, AND CORRESPONDING SYSTEM OF PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114527558A (en) * 2022-02-14 2022-05-24 华北电力大学 Sphere-like reflection condenser considering sun field angle

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ITBO20080041A1 (en) 2009-07-24
WO2009093129A3 (en) 2010-08-26
EP2248187A2 (en) 2010-11-10

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