WO2009094826A1 - Method and apparatus for producing combustible gas with biomass - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for producing combustible gas with biomass Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009094826A1
WO2009094826A1 PCT/CN2008/002000 CN2008002000W WO2009094826A1 WO 2009094826 A1 WO2009094826 A1 WO 2009094826A1 CN 2008002000 W CN2008002000 W CN 2008002000W WO 2009094826 A1 WO2009094826 A1 WO 2009094826A1
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Prior art keywords
biomass
combustible gas
gasification
producing
gas
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PCT/CN2008/002000
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Wenzhen Liu
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Individual
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Priority to EP08871761A priority Critical patent/EP2246411A4/en
Priority to US12/919,015 priority patent/US20110078953A1/en
Publication of WO2009094826A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009094826A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy equipment, in particular to a method and a device for preparing a combustible gas by using biomass.
  • Biomass is a renewable energy source with the following characteristics: 1 Renewability; 2 Low pollution; 3 Wide distribution.
  • the use of biomass as an alternative energy source has a positive effect on improving the atmospheric acid rain environment and reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, thereby reducing the "greenhouse effect.”
  • Biomass raw materials have a volatile content of more than 70%. After the biomass is heated, a large amount of volatile matter can be precipitated at a relatively low temperature. Therefore, gasification technology is very suitable for the conversion of biomass feedstock.
  • the high-grade fuel gas produced by biomass gasification can be used for direct combustion in production or life, or can be generated by internal combustion engine or gas turbine for cogeneration.
  • the gas production mechanism it can be divided into pyrolysis gasification and reactive gasification, and the latter can be subdivided into air gasification, steam gasification, oxygen gasification, hydrogen gasification, etc. according to different ruthenium gasification agents.
  • the different gasification reactors it can be divided into fixed bed gasification, fluidized bed gasification and entrained flow gasification.
  • the methods and devices for using the biomass to produce combustible gas in the market mainly include a suction type, a down suction type, and a fluidized bed type.
  • the structure, operation control and detection means of the fluidized bed gasification device are more complicated than the upper suction type and the lower suction type.
  • the granularity of the particle size of the furnace is fine, the general requirement is less than 0.4 BM, and the investment threshold is high, which is difficult to be widely used in China. Promotion;
  • the upper suction gasification device is safe to operate, but there are some disadvantages such as high gas tar content, low purification, unstable gasification process and serious environmental pollution; the lower suction gasification device has a higher gas tar content.
  • the upper suction type is lower and the gasification process is more stable than the upper suction type, and the pollution is small.
  • the gasification reaction layer is broken, collapsed, burned, etc., which affects the gasification effect. Because it is a micro-negative pressure operation, if the sealing performance of the gasification device is not good, the external air enters the gasification device and meets the high-temperature gas, and there is a considerable safety hazard.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the above problems, overcome the shortage of the suction type, the down suction method and the gasification device thereof, and provide a safe and reliable operation, low gas tar content, stable gasification process and low pollution utilization of biomass.
  • a method and device for combustible gases is to overcome the above problems, overcome the shortage of the suction type, the down suction method and the gasification device thereof, and provide a safe and reliable operation, low gas tar content, stable gasification process and low pollution utilization of biomass.
  • a method for preparing a combustible gas by using biomass comprising: placing a dried biomass material in a gasification device, igniting biomass from an upper portion of the biomass material; and from the biomass material A gasifying agent is passed through the lower portion to allow the gasifying agent to pass through the biomass material from bottom to top.
  • the biomass can be ignited from the top of the biomass material, and a gasifying agent can be passed from the bottom of the biomass material.
  • a gasifying agent may be blown into the gasification device or a combustible gas may be sucked from the gasification device.
  • the flammable gas obtained can be passed through a layer of biomass material to purify the gas and increase the calorific value.
  • a device for preparing a combustible gas by using biomass comprising a furnace body, a furnace chamber, a gasification agent inlet, and a combustible gas outlet, wherein the gasification agent inlet and the combustible gas outlet are disposed on an inner wall of the furnace chamber,
  • the combustible gas outlet is higher than the gasifying agent inlet, and a device for igniting biomass is disposed at a level where the horizontal surface of the combustible gas outlet intersects the inner wall of the furnace chamber.
  • the means for igniting biomass may be located at the outlet of the combustible gas.
  • the means for igniting the biomass may be an ignition orifice, a gasoline or diesel burner, a gas or liquefied gas or a natural gas burner.
  • the gasification agent inlet can be connected to a blower.
  • the combustible gas outlet can be connected to a combustible gas extraction device, such as an induced draft fan and a Roots blower.
  • a combustible gas extraction device such as an induced draft fan and a Roots blower.
  • the gasification reaction is stable.
  • the dried biomass material forms a reduction layer, an oxidation layer, a pyrolysis layer and a dry layer from top to bottom during the gasification process, and the density of the material from the reduction layer to the dry layer is from low to high, and the reduction layer in the conventional gasification method is changed.
  • Gas has high calorific value and low environmental pollution. Since the reducing layer continuously expands downward in the gasification reaction, the layer Sub-stable, the temperature is maintained at 70 (rc ⁇ 90 (rc, so that the carbon monoxide produced by the reduction reaction of the carbon dioxide generated by the pyrolysis layer and the oxide layer is increased; when the tar in the gas passes through the reduction layer, it is cracked and becomes a combustible gas. The tar content in the gas is greatly reduced, which not only reduces the difficulty of subsequent gas purification, but also reduces environmental pollution and the gas calorific value exceeds 5 MJ/in 3 .
  • the gasification device of the present invention operates under a slight positive pressure, and there is no safety hazard that an external air enters the gasification device and the high temperature gas meets an accident due to poor sealing performance.
  • the gasification device of the present invention can be shut down at any time without the risk of accidental shutdown of the downdraft device.
  • the method and device for preparing combustible gas by using biomass in the invention breaks through the conventional method of conventional biomass gasification, and the gasification reaction level is improved by simple and easy means, and the gasification reaction is stable and runs. It has outstanding advantages such as safety and reliability, high calorific value of gas, low environmental pollution and easy purification of gas.
  • the invention is not only suitable for preparing flammable gas from biomass, but also suitable for preparing flammable gas for solid organic gasification raw materials such as domestic garbage and industrial waste.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a gasification device of the present invention.
  • the gasification apparatus of the present invention is composed of a furnace body 3, a furnace chamber 2, a charging port 4, a gas outlet 5, a pilot device 6, an air inlet 8, a ash discharge port 1, a grate 7, and the like.
  • the inside of the furnace body 3 is a cylindrical furnace chamber 2, and the top of the furnace body 3 is provided with a feeding port 4, and an upper portion of the inner wall of the crucible chamber 2 is provided with a gas outlet 5, and the gas outlet can be connected to a gas extraction device, such as an induced draft fan, Luo Air blower.
  • An air inlet 8 is formed in the lower portion of the inner wall of the furnace chamber 2, and the air inlet 8 can be connected to the air blower.
  • An ignition device 6 is provided on the inner wall of the furnace chamber 2 near the gas outlet 5.
  • the pilot device 6 may be an ignition hole, a gasoline or diesel burner, a gas or a liquefied gas or a natural gas burner.
  • a grate 7 is provided at a lower portion of the furnace chamber 2, and a ash discharge port 1 is provided at a lower portion of the furnace body 3.
  • Example 1 The dried biomass material is fed into the furnace chamber 2 from the feed port 4, the material is filled to the height of the gas outlet 5, the gas outlet 5, the air inlet 8 are kept open, and the ash discharge port 1 and the feed port 4 are closed. through W
  • the pilot unit 6 ignites the biomass material, and air is blown into the furnace chamber 2 through the air inlet 8.
  • the air passes through the grate 7 and passes through the dried biomass material from bottom to top.
  • the gasification agent and the dried biomass material undergo an oxidative combustion reaction from the ignition to form an oxide layer in the gasification reaction.
  • the oxide layer moves from the ignition at the upper part of the material to the lower part of the material. Since the air first oxidizes and burns with the lower material of the oxide layer, the upper part of the oxide layer becomes more and more Sufficient air is oxidized with it to form a reducing layer composed of hot biochar in the upper portion of the oxide layer, and the reducing layer continuously expands downward as the oxide layer moves downward. Most of the heat generated by the oxidation reaction is transferred to the reduction layer by the convection of the bottom-up gas stream, providing the heat required for the reduction reaction, and a part of the heat is transferred to the material under the oxide layer by thermal radiation to form a pyrolysis layer and a dry layer. The pyrolyzed layer and the dried layer move as the oxide layer moves downward.
  • a dynamic reduction layer, an oxide layer, a pyrolysis layer, and a dry layer are formed from top to bottom, and the reduction layer gradually expands downward, and the oxide layer, the pyrolysis layer, and the dried layer are A steady level of downward movement.
  • the biomass becomes a gaseous fuel, a biomass gas.
  • Embodiment 2 The grate 7 is removed from the cavity 2, and the dried biomass material is fed into the cavity 2 from the feeding port 4, and the material is filled to a height of 10-30 cm above the gas outlet 5, and the material is brought into contact.
  • Gas outlet 5, air inlet 8 keep open, close the ash discharge port 1, feed port 4.
  • the biomass material is ignited by the pilot unit 6, and air is blown into the furnace chamber 1 through the air inlet 8.
  • Air From the air inlet 8 begins to pass through the dried biomass material from bottom to top.
  • the gasification agent and the dried biomass material undergo an oxidative combustion reaction from the ignition site to form an oxide layer in the gasification reaction.
  • the subsequent gasification reaction and the formation of the gasification reaction layer are the same as in the first embodiment, and the portion of the material higher than the gas outlet 5 is also reduced in volume due to the reduction layer, the oxide layer, the pyrolysis layer and the dry layer underneath. Gradually falling into the reducing layer; the portion of the material below the air inlet 8 is gradually dried and pyrolyzed by the action of heat radiation.
  • Example 3 The dried biomass material is fed into the furnace chamber 2 from the feed port 4, the material is filled to the height of the gas outlet 5, the gas outlet 5, the air inlet 8 are kept open, and the ash discharge port 1 and the feed port 4 are closed.
  • the biomass material is ignited by the pilot device 6, and air is blown into the furnace chamber 2 through the air inlet 8. Air wear
  • the furnace grid 7 passes through the dried biomass material from bottom to top, and the gasification agent and the dried biomass material undergo an oxidative combustion reaction from the ignition site to form an oxide layer in the gasification reaction, and subsequent gasification reaction and formation
  • the gasification reaction level is the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the gas outlet 5 is connected to a gas extraction device such as an induced draft fan or a Roots blower, and the combustible gas obtained is discharged through a container filled with biomass material to purify the gas and improve the heat value.
  • a gas extraction device such as an induced draft fan or a Roots blower

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Description

一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的方法及其装置 技术领域
本发明涉及生物质能源设备技术领域， 特别是一种利用生物质制取可燃气 体的方法及其装置。
背景技术
生物质是一种可再生能源， 具有以下特点： ①可再生性； ②低污染性； ③ 广泛的分布性。 利用生物质作为替代能源， 对改善大气酸雨环境， 减少大气中 二氧化碳含量， 从而减少 "温室效应" 都有着积极的意义。 生物质原料挥发分 高达 70 %以上， 生物质受热后， 在相对较低的温度下就可使大量的挥发分物质 析出。 因此， 气化技术非常适用于生物质原料的转化。 生物质气化生成的高品 位的燃料气既可供生产、 生活直接燃用， 也可通过内燃机或燃气轮机发电， 进 行热电联产联供。
根据燃气生产机理可分为热解气化和反应性气化， 其中后者又可根据反庳 气化剂的不同细分为空气气化、 水蒸气气化、 氧气气化、 氢气气化等； 根据釆 用的气化反应炉的不同又可分为固定床气化、 流化床气化和气流床气化。
目前， 市场上利用生物质制取可燃气体的方法及其装置主要有上吸式、 下 吸式、 流化床式等几种。 其中流化床气化装置的结构、 运行控制和检测手段较 上吸式、 下吸式复杂， 对于入炉颗粒粒度要求细， 一般要求小于 0. 4BM, 并且投 资门槛高， 在我国很难广泛推广； 上吸式气化装置运行安全， 但存在产出的燃 气焦油含量高、 并且不易净化、 气化过程不稳定、 环境污染严重等不足之处； 下吸式气化装置虽然燃气焦油含量较上吸式低、 气化过程也较上吸式稳定、 污 染小， 但也会出现气化反应层次断落、 塌陷、 烧穿等现象， 影响气化效果。 又 由于是微负压运行， 如果气化装置的密封性能不好， 外部空气进入气化装置与 高温燃气相遇， 存在相当的安全隐患。 发明内容 本发明目的就是针对上述问题， 克服了上吸式、 下吸式方法及其气化装置 不足， 提供一种运行安全可靠、 燃气焦油含量低、 气化过程稳定、 污染小的利 用生物质制取可燃气体的方法及其装置。
本发明技术方案如下： 一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的方法， 包括将干燥 的生物质物料置于气化装置内， 从所述生物质物料上部引燃生物质； 从所述生 物质物料下部通入气化剂， 使气化剂自下而上通过所述生物质物料。
可以从所述生物质物料的顶部引燃生物质， 可以从所述生物质物料底部通 入气化剂。
可以向所述气化装置内鼓入气化剂或者从所述气化装置内吸出可燃气体。 制取的可燃气体可以再通过一层生物质物料， 起到燃气净化、 提高热值的 作用。
一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的装置， 包括炉体、 炉腔、 气化剂进口、 可 燃气体出口， 所述气化剂进口、 可燃气体出口设置在所述炉腔的内壁上， 所述 可燃气体出口高于所述气化剂进口， 在所述可燃气体出口所在的水平面与所述 炉腔的内壁相交处设置有引燃生物质的装置。
所述引燃生物质的装置可以位于所述可燃气体出口处。
所述引燃生物质的装置可以是点火孔、 汽油或者柴油燃烧器、 煤气或者液 化气或者天然气燃烧器。
所述气化剂进口可以连接鼓风机。
所述可燃气体出口可以连接可燃气体抽取装置， 如引风机、 罗茨风机。 本发明与现有技术相比具有的有益效果是：
1、 气化反应稳定。 干燥的生物质物料在气化过程中自上而下形成还原层、 氧化层、 热解层、 干燥层， 从还原层至干燥层物料密度由低到高， 一改传统气 化方法中还原层、 氧化层在热解层、 干燥层下面的惯例， 从而不会因重力原因 出现气化反应层 断落、 塌陷、 烧穿等现象， 影响气化效果， 本发明十分有利 于制造大型气化装置。
2、 燃气热值高、 环境污染小。 由于还原层在气化反应中不断向下扩展， 层 次稳定， 温度保持在 70(rc ~ 90(rc , 使热解层、 氧化层生成的二氧化碳发生还 原反应产生的一氧化碳产量提高； 燃气中的焦油通过的还原层时发生裂解， 变 为可燃气体， 使燃气中的焦油含量大大降低， 不仅减少后续燃气净化难度、 环 境污染小而且燃气热值超过 5MJ/in3。
3、 运行安全可靠。 本发明的气化装置在微正压下运行， 不存在由于密封性 能不好， 外部空气进入气化装置与高温燃气相遇发生事故的安全隐患。 本发明 的气化装置可随时停炉， 没有下吸式装置意外停炉的危险。
由此可见， 本发明的利用生物质制取可燃气体的方法及其装置突破了传统 生物质气化的惯用方法， 通过简单易行的手段改良了气化反应层次， 具有气化 反应稳定、 运行安全可靠、 燃气热值高、 环境污染小、 燃气易净化等突出的优 越性。 本发明不仅适用于生物质制取可燃气体， 而且也适用于生活垃圾、 工业 垃圾等固态有机气化原料制取可燃气体。
附图说明
图 1为本发明气化装置的结构示意图。
如图所示， 1、 排灰口， 2、 炉腔， 3、 炉体， 4、 加料口， 5、 燃气出口， 6、 引燃装置， 7、 炉栅， 8、 空气进口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作详细描述。
如附图 1所示， 本发明的气化装置由炉体 3、 炉腔 2、 加料口 4、 燃气出口 5、 引燃装置 6、 空气进口 8、 排灰口 1、 炉栅 7等组成。 炉体 3的内部为圆筒状 的炉腔 2, 炉体 3的顶部设有加料口 4 , 妒腔 2的内壁上部开有燃气出口 5 , 燃 气出口可以连接燃气抽取装置， 如引风机、 罗茨风机。 炉腔 2 的内壁下部开有 空气进口 8 , 空气进口 8可以连接鼓风机。 在炉腔 2的内壁靠近燃气出口 5设有 引燃装置 6, 引燃装置 6可以是点火孔、 汽油或者柴油燃烧器、 煤气或者液化气 或者天然气燃烧器。 炉腔 2的下部设有炉栅 7 , 炉体 3的下部设有排灰口 1。
实施例 1: 干燥的生物质物料从加料口 4加入炉腔 2内， 物料装填至燃气出 口 5的高度， 燃气出口 5、 空气进口 8保持敞开， 关闭排灰口 1、 加料口 4。 通 W
过引燃装置 6引燃生物质物料， 通过空气进口 8向炉腔 2 内鼓入空气。 空气穿 过炉栅 7 自下而上通过干燥的生物质物料， 气化剂与干燥的生物质物料从引燃 处发生氧化燃烧反应， 形成气化反应中的氧化层。
氧化层在空气的作用下， 从物料上部的引燃处向物料下部自上而下移动， 由于空气先与氧化层的下部物料发生氧化燃烧反应， 因此氧化层的上部物料就 越来越得不到足够的空气与之发生氧化反应， 从而在氧化层的上部逐渐形成由 炙热的生物质炭组成的还原层， 还原层随着氧化层的向下移动而不断向下扩张。 氧化层反应产生的热量大部分通过自下而上的气流对流传递到还原层， 提供还 原反应需要的热量， 还有一部分则通过热辐射传递到氧化层下面的物料， 形成 热解层、 干燥层， 热解层、 干燥层随着氧化层的向下移动而移动。
至此， 在本发明的气化装置内自上而下形成了动态的还原层、 氧化层、 热 解层、 干燥层， 还原层在逐渐的向下扩展， 氧化层、 热解层、 干燥层在层次稳 定的向下移动。 通过以上一系列的步骤， 生物质就变成了气体燃料一一生物质 燃气。
实施例 2: 将炉栅 7从炉腔 2内拆卸掉， 干燥的生物质物料从加料口 4加入 炉腔 2 内， 物料装填至高于燃气出口 5的高度 10-30厘米， 同时使物料接触到 炉腔 2的底部。 燃气出口 5、 空气进口 8保持敞开， 关闭排灰口 1、 加料口 4。 通过引燃装置 6引燃生物质物料， 通过空气进口 8向炉腔 1内鼓入空气。 空气 自空气进口 8 开始自下而上通过干燥的生物质物料， 气化剂与干燥的生物质物 料从引燃处发生氧化燃烧反应， 形成气化反应中的氧化层。
随后发生的气化反应以及形成的气化反应层次与实施例 1 相同， 物料中高 于燃气出口 5 的部分也因为其下的还原层、 氧化层、 热解层、 干燥层物料体积 的缩小， 而逐渐落入还原层； 物料中低于空气进口 8 的部分在热辐射的作用下 也逐渐被干燥、 热解。
实施例 3: 干燥的生物质物料从加料口 4加入炉腔 2内， 物料装填至燃气出 口 5的高度， 燃气出口 5、 空气进口 8保持敞开， 关闭排灰口 1、 加料口 4。 通 过引燃装置 6引燃生物质物料， 通过空气进口 8向炉腔 2内鼓入空气。 空气穿 过炉栅 7 自下而上通过干燥的生物质物料， 气化剂与干燥的生物质物料从引燃 处发生氧化燃烧反应， 形成气化反应中的氧化层， 随后发生的气化反应以及形 成的气化反应层次与实施例 1相同。
燃气出口 5连接燃气抽取装置如引风机、 罗茨风机， 将制取的可燃气体， 再通过一个装填有生物质物料的容器后排出， 起到燃气净化、 提高热值的作用。

Claims

杈利 要 求
1. 一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的方法， 包括将干燥的生物质物料置于气化 装置内， 其特征在于从所述生物质物料上部引燃生物质； 从所述生物质物 料下部通入气化剂， 使气化剂自下而上通过所述生物质物料。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的方法， 其特征在于 从所述生物质物料的顶部引燃生物质。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的方法， 其特征在于 从所述生物质物料底部通入气化剂。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的方法， 其特征在于 所述制取的可燃气体再通过一层生物质物料。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的方法， 其特征在于 向所述气化装置内鼓入气化剂。
6. 根据权利要求 1至 5任何一项所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的方法， 其特征在于从所述气化装置内吸出可燃气体。
7. 一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的装置， 包括炉体、 炉腔、 气化剂进口、 可 燃气体出口， 所述气化剂进口、 可燃气体出口设置在所述炉腔的内壁上， 所述可燃气体出口高于所述气化剂进口， 其特征在于在所述可燃气体出口 所在的水平面与所述炉腔的内壁相交处设置有引燃生物质的装置。
8. 根据杈利要求 7所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的装置， 其特征在于 所述引燃生物质的装置位于所述可燃气体出口处。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的装置， 其特征在于 所述引燃生物质的装置为点火孔。
10.根据杈利要求 7所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的装置， 其特征在于 所述引燃生物质的装置为汽油或者柴油燃烧器。
11.根据权利要求 7所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的装置， 其特征在于 所述引燃生物质的装置为煤气或者液化气或者天然气燃烧器。
12.根据权利要求 7 至 11 任何一项所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的装 置， 其特征在于所述气化剂进口连接鼓风机。
13.根据杈利要求 7 至 11 任何一项所述的一种利用生物质制取可燃气体的装 置， 其特征在于所述可燃气体出口连接可燃气体抽取装置。
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