WO2009129675A1 - 一种里德索罗蒙码的译码方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种里德索罗蒙码的译码方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009129675A1
WO2009129675A1 PCT/CN2008/072132 CN2008072132W WO2009129675A1 WO 2009129675 A1 WO2009129675 A1 WO 2009129675A1 CN 2008072132 W CN2008072132 W CN 2008072132W WO 2009129675 A1 WO2009129675 A1 WO 2009129675A1
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Prior art keywords
data
column
byte interleaver
bytes
row
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French (fr)
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许进
徐俊
袁志锋
胡留军
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Priority to EP08784122.7A priority Critical patent/EP2271018B1/en
Priority to US12/988,643 priority patent/US8286063B2/en
Publication of WO2009129675A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009129675A1/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0071Use of interleaving
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0057Block codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words
    • H03M13/05Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined to a predetermined number of information bits
    • H03M13/13Linear codes
    • H03M13/15Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03MCODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M13/00Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes
    • H03M13/27Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or testing of codes using interleaving techniques

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to a decoding method of a Reed-Solomon (RS) code.
  • RS Reed-Solomon
  • the Linear Grouping Code is a set of fixed length code groups, which can be expressed as (n, k), and is usually used for forward error correction.
  • the k information bits are encoded into n-bit code group lengths at the time of encoding. Since the 2 k codewords of the block code form an A-dimensional subspace, the 2 k codewords must be composed of A linearly independent bases. If the A bases are written in the form of a matrix, then:
  • Any codeword in the code can be generated by a linear combination of the set of substrates, namely:
  • G be the generator matrix of the code. Obviously, for each row of the generator matrix, as long as the linear independence is satisfied (the minimum distance is not considered), and the base of a k-dimensional space can arbitrarily select k linearly independent vectors, the generation matrix G as the code is not unique. , but regardless of which form they use, they all generate the same subspace, the same code.
  • n symbols in the group are transmitted by k.
  • the so-called one-symbol error may mean that an error occurs in one bit of the symbol, or that an error occurs in several bits or even all m bits in the symbol. It can be seen that the RS code has a very strong random error and burst error correction capability, so it is widely used in the field of digital error control.
  • the link layer provides data transfer services for the network layer. This service depends on the functions of this layer.
  • the link layer has functions: data link establishment and teardown, frame transmission and frame synchronization, error and flow control, and data link management.
  • Link Layer Forward Error Correction (FEC) is used as a supplement to the physical link layer forward error correction technology. It is used to implement link layer error control to ensure that the upper layer protocol can receive error-free data. package. Due to its excellent performance, RS code is very suitable as a link layer forward error correction (Link Layer Forward Error Correction).
  • the interleaver commonly used in digital communication can be divided into byte interleaving and bit interleaving according to the interleaving object.
  • the main function of the Byte Interleaver is to scramble the original byte sequence so that the location of the error appears to be random.
  • the correlation of the byte sequences before and after the interleaving is weakened and distributed among many codewords, not just It is one of several codewords.
  • One of the outstanding advantages of this is that it greatly reduces the impact of data burst errors.
  • the RS codec is typically used with the byte interleaver.
  • the byte interleaver can use a row-column interleaver whose number of columns is equal to the length of the RS code, and the number of rows varies with the number of code blocks.
  • the byte interleaver of the RS (255, 207) code is fixed to 255 columns, with the left column 207 being the information area and the right 48 columns being the check area.
  • the number of rows and the number of columns of the interleaver can be, but are not limited to, numbered from 0, and the consistency described in the present invention is all numbered starting from 0.
  • the data is sequentially output from the top to the bottom from the 0th column, and the data of the first column is sequentially output from the top to the bottom after the 0th column is input, until the data of the 255 columns is all outputted.
  • the RS code interleaving coding and the corresponding decoding method in the prior art have the following drawbacks: the parts with the padding value of 0 in the information area are grouped together, since the data is sent in columns, this will result in more padding values in the column.
  • the continuous time zone corresponding to the row is relatively protected, and the column is generated by the row and read out by the column, but the interleaving between the data is too regular, and the optimal interleaving effect is not achieved, so the whole output is The performance of the packet is not optimal. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a decoding method and apparatus for RS codes to achieve an optimal interleaving effect.
  • the present invention provides a decoding method of a Reed Solomon code, the method comprising the following steps:
  • A the data to be decoded is sequentially filled in columns in the byte interleaver
  • test data cyclically shifting the data in the check region of the byte interleaver by rows and/or columns, so that each row of data in the check region is sequentially arranged in the corresponding row data in the byte interleaver information region.
  • step D The service data in the decoded information data is read out column by column from the byte interleaver information area.
  • step D contains the following substeps:
  • D2 If the kc column contains d bytes of service data, JL0 ⁇ d ⁇ M/2, then read from the 0th, g, 2g, (d-l)xg lines of the column from top to bottom. The remaining d bytes of the business data;
  • the number of valid data bytes is F
  • the number of rows of the byte interleaver is M
  • kc floor(F/M)
  • d FmodM
  • g floor (solid)
  • h floor(M/(M - d)).
  • step B the cyclic shift is performed on the data in the byte interleaver check area in a direction from bottom to top.
  • the present invention further provides a decoding device for a Reed Solomon code, comprising: a data filling unit, a byte interleaver, a decoding unit; the device further comprises a cyclic shift unit, a data extracting unit ; among them:
  • the data padding unit is configured to sequentially fill the data to be decoded in columns in the byte interleaver;
  • the cyclic shift unit is configured to send a cyclic shift control signal to the byte interleaver, and interleave the bytes
  • the data in the check area is cyclically shifted by rows and/or columns, so that each row of data in the check area is the sequentially arranged check data of the corresponding row data in the byte interleaver information area;
  • the decoding unit is configured to perform RS decoding on the data in the byte interleaver according to a row manner, and sequentially write the decoded row information data into corresponding rows of the byte interleaver information area;
  • the data extracting unit is configured to read the service data in the decoded information data column by column from the byte interleaver information area.
  • the data extracting unit is configured to sequentially read the service data in the 0th to kc-1th columns of the byte interleaver information area; and:
  • the data extracting unit goes from the 0th, g, 2g, (d-l) xg rows of the column from the top to the bottom Reading the remaining d bytes of the service data in sequence;
  • the cell reads the remaining d bytes of the service data from the top to the bottom, except for the 0th, h, 2 xh, ..., ( ⁇ -d- l) xh lines in the column;
  • the number of valid data bytes is F
  • the number of rows of the byte interleaver is M
  • kc floor(F/M)
  • d FmodM
  • g floor ( ⁇ )
  • h floor(M/(M - d)).
  • the cyclic shift unit performs the cyclic shift in a direction from bottom to top on data in the byte interleaver check area.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a decoding method and apparatus for a Reed Solomon code to improve the time diversity effect of interleaving.
  • the present invention also provides a decoding method of a Reed Solomon code, the method comprising the following steps: a: sequentially filling data to be decoded in columns in a byte interleaver;
  • c sequentially read the service data in the 0th to kc-1th columns from the byte interleaver information area; d: if the kc column contains d bytes of service data, JL0 ⁇ d ⁇ M/2, then The remaining d bytes of the service data are sequentially read from the top to the bottom of the 0th, g, 2xg, ..., (d-l)xg rows of the column; if the kc column contains d bytes of service data And d>M/2, except for the 0th, h, 2h, (M-d-l) xh lines other than the row, the remaining d words of the service data are sequentially read from top to bottom.
  • the number of valid data bytes is F
  • the number of rows of the byte interleaver is M
  • kc floor(F/M)
  • d FmodM
  • g floor ( ⁇ )
  • h floor(M/(M - d)).
  • the present invention also provides a decoding device for a Reed Solomon code, comprising: a data filling unit, a byte interleaver, a decoding unit; the device further comprises a data extracting unit; wherein:
  • the data padding unit is configured to sequentially fill data to be decoded in columns in the byte interleaver;
  • the decoding unit is configured to perform RS decoding on data in the byte interleaver according to a row manner, and The decoded row information data is sequentially written into the corresponding row of the byte interleaver information area;
  • the data extracting unit is configured to sequentially read the service data in the 0th to kc-1th columns of the byte interleaver information area; and:
  • the data extracting unit goes from the 0th, g, 2g, (d-l) xg rows of the column from the top to the bottom Reading the remaining d bytes of the service data in sequence;
  • the data extracting unit excludes the 0th, h, 2h, (M-d-l) xh lines from the column. The other rows, read the remaining d bytes of the service data in order from top to bottom;
  • the number of valid data bytes is F
  • the number of rows of the byte interleaver is M
  • kc floor(F/M)
  • d FmodM
  • g floor (solid)
  • h floor(M/(M - d)).
  • the RS code decoding method and apparatus of the present invention are used together with the corresponding RS code interleaving coding method, and if cyclic shift is performed in the direction of the line, the influence of continuous errors in the data packet on decoding can be avoided. If you use the cyclic shift in the direction of the column, you can ensure that there is a good diversity in the direction of the row, which acts as a row permutation of the row and column interleaver, and can avoid periodic noise during the transmission of the data packet. Interference, so that the encoding has the best performance; in addition, by uniformly placing the padding zero bytes, the interleaving time diversity effect is better. BRIEF abstract
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of RS code interleaving coding in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a RS code interleaving coding method
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an RS code interleaving coding method for interleaving a padding portion
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a RS code interleaving coding method for padding parity data
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for decoding an RS code according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of filling an RS (N, K, S) code byte interleaver with data to be decoded according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the structure of an RS code decoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an RS code interleaving coding method, and a corresponding RS decoding method, which distributes an area with a padding value of 0 in a last column of valid data in an information area, and/or a calibration area.
  • the data is shifted to improve the RS code interleaving coding method in the prior art, and the technical effect of improving the reliability of the data link layer can be achieved.
  • Step 201 Encapsulate IP (Internet Protocol) data into multiple protocols.
  • the TS (Time-Slicing) code stream obtains the byte size of the service data packet, and the byte size of the data packet is F bytes.
  • the specific operation method of the step is the same as the prior art;
  • Step 202 Calculate the number of rows M of the interleaver and the number of columns kc in the information area that can be filled with valid data according to the number of bytes F in the service data packet and the number of columns K of the information area, and fill the column with valid data. Refers to the column that can be filled directly with the data in the original packet;
  • the number of lines of the interleaver M ceil(F/K), ceil ( ⁇ ) means round up;
  • Kc floor(F/M), floor ( ⁇ ) means rounding down;
  • d F mod M, mod represents the modulo operation; d represents the number of valid data bytes remaining after filling the previous kc column;
  • Step 203 Fill the first K column of the RS (N, K, S) code byte interleaver, that is, the information area, with the service data according to the calculated parameter.
  • This step can be divided into the following substeps:
  • Step 2031 Start the first kcxM byte of the service data packet from the 0th column, and sequentially write the first kc column (ie, 0th to kc - 1 ⁇ ) of the information area column by column, and the order of each column from top to bottom.
  • step 204 is performed.
  • Step 2032 Fill the kc column with the remaining d bytes of data and M_d bytes 0 in the service data packet;
  • the specific filling method can be but is not limited to:
  • the remaining row positions are written into the remaining d bytes of the service data packet from top to bottom, and the filled form is as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the information data and the padding data are almost in a state of being uniformly hooked.
  • Step 2033 The remaining portion of the information area, that is, the kc+1 column to the K-1th column are all filled with 0 bytes.
  • Step 204 Construct data of each check area according to the data of the information area, that is, perform RS coding according to the line manner, and add S bytes of check data after each line, and the check data of each line is based on the front line K.
  • the data information of the column is generated, and the specific method is the same as the prior art, and the filled form is as shown in FIG. 4, and the figure only shows the case where the verification data of the 0th row is filled;
  • Step 205 Perform cyclic shift processing on the check data, which may be cyclically shifted by row or column, or may be cyclically shifted by row and column, and the number of bits of each row or column may be different.
  • the number of shifts per row or column can be obtained according to a preset convention, as calculated by a preset formula;
  • Cyclic shift by column can be used but is not limited to the following:
  • the data is cyclically shifted from top to bottom (or from bottom to top), and all data in the same column are shifted by the same number of bits.
  • Step 206 The check area data in the RS (N, K, S) code byte interleaver is sequentially read out column by column, and each column is read from top to bottom, and the read data is subjected to XPE-FEC ( Extensible Protocol Encapsulation-Forward Error Corection, Scalable Encapsulation - Forward Error Correction).
  • XPE-FEC Extensible Protocol Encapsulation-Forward Error Corection, Scalable Encapsulation - Forward Error Correction
  • the above RS code interleaving coding method can avoid the influence of continuous errors in the data packet on the decoding if the cyclic shift is performed in the direction of the line; if the cyclic shift is performed in the direction of the column, It ensures that the direction of the row also has good diversity, and plays the role of row permutation of the row and column interleaver, which can avoid the interference of periodic noise during the transmission of the data packet, so that the coding has the best performance; It has also been proposed that evenly placing padding zero bytes in columns with padding bytes and information packet bytes can result in more uniform protection over time. The benefit of this is that the interleaved time diversity is better.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for decoding a RS code according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This decoding method is an inverse process corresponding to the above encoding method.
  • the RS code is also set to be (N, K, S), and further, the data to be decoded (including the service data, the padding data, and the corresponding data obtained by decapsulating the received service data packet according to the multi-protocol is set.
  • the number of bytes of the check data is T.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 502 Fill an RS (N, K, S) code byte interleaver with data to be decoded;
  • Figure 6 is a diagram showing the filling of an RS (N, K, S) code byte interleaver with data to be decoded in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step 503 Perform cyclic shift processing on the check data (ie, the right S column data in the interleaver shown in FIG. 6); corresponding to the cyclic shift rule used in the corresponding RS interleaving encoding process, and the cyclic shift in this step
  • the bit processing rule may be cyclically shifting by row, or may be cyclically shifted by columns.
  • the number of shifts of each row or column may be different, and the number of shifts per row or column may be according to a preset convention. Get, as calculated by a preset formula.
  • the specific shift mode can be used but is not limited to the following: (corresponding to the cyclic shift method used in step 205)
  • the data is cyclically shifted from the bottom-up direction (or from top to bottom), and all data movement bits in the same column are the same.
  • Step 504 Perform RS decoding according to the data of each row in the byte interleaver, and obtain K bytes of information data, and write the first K columns of the row, that is, obtain data of each row of the information area.
  • the specific decoding method is the same as the prior art.
  • Step 505 sequentially read the valid data of the information area in the RS code byte interleaver after decoding; the step operation may be divided into the following sub-steps:
  • the number of bytes of the above valid data sequence F is that the transmitting end (RS encoding end) notifies the receiving end (RS decoding end) in advance through other signaling.
  • Step 5052 sequentially reading the first kc column of the information area, and reading out each column from top to bottom; obtaining the first kc X M bytes of the information sequence;
  • the information sequence is as follows
  • step 503 is an optional step, that is, steps 501-502 plus steps 504-505 may constitute a complete embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an RS code decoding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus includes: a data padding unit, a memory (ie, a byte interleaver), a cyclic shift unit, a decoding unit, and a data extracting unit. among them:
  • a data padding unit configured to receive data to be decoded, and calculate a number M of rows of the byte interleaver according to the number of bytes T of the data to be decoded and the number of columns N of the byte interleaver;
  • the RS (N, K, S) code byte interleaver is filled; the calculation formula of M is as described above.
  • a cyclic shift unit configured to output a cyclic shift control signal to the byte interleaver, and perform cyclic shift processing on the check data in the byte interleaver according to rows or columns; specific shift method and calculation of the number of mobile bits The formula is as described above.
  • cyclic shift unit is an optional unit.
  • a decoding unit configured to perform RS decoding on each row of data in the byte interleaver according to a row manner, to obtain K bytes of information data, and write the first K columns of the row, that is, obtain each row of the information region The data.
  • the data extracting unit is configured to sequentially read valid data of the information area in the decoded byte interleaver column by column, and output a valid data sequence; the specific reading method is as described above.
  • the RS code decoding method and apparatus of the present invention are used together with the corresponding RS code interleaving coding method, and if cyclic shift is performed in the direction of the line, the influence of continuous errors in the data packet on decoding can be avoided. If you use the cyclic shift in the direction of the column, you can ensure that there is a good diversity in the direction of the row, which acts as a row permutation of the row and column interleaver, and can avoid periodic noise during the transmission of the data packet. Interference, so that the encoding has the best performance; in addition, by uniformly placing the padding zero bytes, the interleaving time diversity effect is better.

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Description

一种里德索罗蒙码的译码方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域, 尤其涉及一种里德索罗蒙(Reed-Solomon, 简称 RS )码的译码方法。
背景技术
线性分组码 ( Linear Grouping Code )是一组固定长度的码组, 可以表示 为 (n, k), 通常用于前向纠错。 在编码时 k个信息位被编成 n位码组长度。 由 于 分组码的 2k个码字组成了一个 A维的子空间, 则该 2k个码字一定可 以由 A个线性无关的基底组成, 若把该 A个基底写成矩阵的形式, 则有:
Figure imgf000003_0001
,n-l ,η …
Figure imgf000003_0002
码中的任何码字, 都可以由这组基底的线性组合生成, 即:
Figure imgf000003_0003
称 G为码的生成矩阵。 显然, 对于生成矩阵的各行来说, 只要满足线性 无关即可(没有考虑最小距离) , 而一个 k维空间的基底可以任意选择 k个 线性无关的矢量, 所以作为码的生成矩阵 G也不是唯一的, 但不论釆用哪一 种形式, 它们都生成相同的子空间, 即同一个 码。
RS码是一种线性分组循环码, 它以长度为 n的一组符号 (symbols )为 单位处理(通常 n=8比特, 称为编码字) , 组中的 n个符号是由 k个欲传输 的信息符号按一定关联关系生成的。由于 n个符号中还应包含误码保护信息, 所以要求编码形式用(n, k )表示, 其中 k < n; 因此, 当 n=8时, 共有 28 =256
1 180800498 种符号, 用十进制表示的符号范围是 0 ~ 255。 这 256种符号组成一个有限域 (称伽罗华域) GF ( 28 ) 。 一般地, 当有限域是二元域 GF ( 2 ) 的扩域时用 GF ( 2m )表示。 在 GF ( 2m )域中, 能纠正 t个错误的 (n, k ) RS码, 校验 符号数为 2 x t, 最小码距离 dmm=2 x t+l=n-k+l (校验矩阵是个满秩的矩阵)。 所谓 1个符号的错误可以是指符号中的 1比特发生错误, 也可以指符号中的 若干比特甚至所有 m比特都发生错误。可见, RS码具有极强的随机错误和突 发错误纠正能力, 故在数字差错控制领域受到非常广泛的应用。
链路层是为网络层提供数据传送服务的, 这种服务要依靠本层具备的功 能来实现。 链路层具备功能有: 数据链路的建立和拆除、 帧传输和帧同步、 差错与流量控制、数据链路管理。链路层前向纠错( Forward Error Correction, 简称 FEC )作为物理链路层前向纠错技术的补充, 用于实现链路层差错控制 的功能,确保上一层协议能够接收无差错的数据包。 RS码由于其优异的性能, 非常适合作为链路层前向纠错码 ( Link Layer Forward Error Correction ) 。
数字通信中常用的交织器按交织对象分可分为字节交织和位交织。 字节 交织器( Byte Interleaver )的主要作用就是将原始字节序列打乱, 使得错误的 位置看上去是随机的, 交织前后字节序列的相关性减弱, 并分布于许多码字 间而不仅仅是几个码字之间, 这样做很突出的一个优点便是大大降低了数据 突发错误的影响。
为了进一步改善链路层 FEC 的性能, RS编译码器通常和字节交织器一 起使用。 一般情况下, 字节交织器可以用行列交织器, 其列数等于 RS码码 长, 行数随码块数目而改变。 例如 RS ( 255 , 207 )码的字节交织器固定为 255列, 其中左边 207列为信息区, 右边 48列为校验区。 交织器的行数及列 数可以但不限于从 0开始编号, 本发明中为描述的一致性均釆用从 0开始编 号。
现有技术中 RS码交织编码方法中, 当有业务数据包输入该字节交织器 时, 先从上到下填充第 0列, 当第 0列填充完之后再从上往下填充第 1歹J , 如此类推, 直到该业务数据包所有数据均被填充在该交织器中, 前 207列中 未被填充的部分用 0填充。 每一行的校验值是根据前 207位的数据信息形成 的。 交织编码后的形式如图 1所示, 其中 K=207 , S=48。 当输出交织器中的
2 180800498 数据时, 是从第 0列开始由上到下依次输出, 第 0列输完之后再从上到下依 次输出第 1列的数据, 直到该 255列的数据全部输出完毕。
现有技术中的 RS码交织编码和对应的译码方法存在以下缺陷: 信息区 中填充值为 0的部分集中在一起, 由于数据是按列发送, 这样会导致该列中 具有较多填充值的行对应的连续时间区域相对得到了过多保护, 而该列中具 虽然按行生成, 按列读出, 但输出时数据间交织过于规则, 达不到最佳的交 织效果, 所以整个输出数据包的性能达不到最佳。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是, 提供一种 RS码的译码方法及装置, 以 达到最佳的交织效果。
为了解决上述问题, 本发明提供一种里德索罗蒙码的译码方法, 该方法 包括如下步骤:
A: 在字节交织器中按列依次填充待译码数据;
B: 对字节交织器校验区中的数据按行和 /或按列进行循环移位, 使得校 验区的每行数据为字节交织器信息区中相应行数据的依序排列的校验数据;
C: 按照行方式进行 RS译码, 将译码得到的各行信息数据依序写入字节 交织器信息区的对应行;
D: 从字节交织器信息区中逐列读出所述译码后信息数据中的业务数据。 此外, 步骤 B中, 对字节交织器校验区中的数据按列进行循环移位, 校 验区第 i列所有行移动的位数为: floor(ixMZS) ; 其中, M为所述字节交织 器的行数, S为所述校验区的列数, i = 0, 1, ..·, S- 1。
此外, 步骤 D包含如下子步骤:
D1: 顺序读出字节交织器信息区第 0至 kc-1列中的业务数据;
D2: 若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, JL0<d<M/2, 则从该列的 第 0, g, 2 g, (d- l)xg行从上到下依次读出业务数据的剩余 d个字节;
3 180800498 若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, 且 d>M/2, 则从该列中除第 0, h, 2 h, (M- d- l)xh行以外的其它行, 从上到下依次读出业务数据 的剩余 d个字节;
其中,有效数据字节数为 F,所述字节交织器的行数为 M,kc = floor(F/M), d = FmodM, g = floor (固), h = floor(M/(M - d))。
此外, 步骤 B中, 对所述字节交织器校验区中的数据, 以从下到上的方 向进行所述循环移位。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明还提供一种里德索罗蒙码的译码装置, 包 含: 数据填充单元, 字节交织器, 译码单元; 该装置还包含循环移位单元, 数据提取单元; 其中:
所述数据填充单元用于在所述字节交织器中按列依次填充待译码数据; 所述循环移位单元用于向所述字节交织器发送循环移位控制信号, 对字 节交织器校验区中的数据按行和 /或按列进行循环移位, 使得校验区的每行数 据为字节交织器信息区中相应行数据的依序排列的校验数据;
所述译码单元用于按照行方式对所述字节交织器中的数据进行 RS译码, 将译码得到的各行信息数据依序写入所述字节交织器信息区的对应行;
所述数据提取单元用于从字节交织器信息区中逐列读出所述译码后信息 数据中的业务数据。
此外, 所述循环移位单元对所述字节交织器校验区中的数据按列进行循 环移位, 校验区第 i列所有行移动的位数为: floor(ixMZS) ; 其中, M为所 述字节交织器的行数, S为所述校验区的列数, i = 0, 1, ..·, S- 1。
此外, 所述数据提取单元用于顺序读出字节交织器信息区第 0至 kc- 1 列中的业务数据; 并且:
若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, JL0<d<M/2, 则所述数据提取 单元从该列的第 0, g, 2 g, (d- l)xg行从上到下依次读出业务数据的 剩余 d个字节;
若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, 且 d > M/2, 则所述数据提取单
4 180800498 元从该列中除第 0, h, 2 xh, ..., (Μ- d- l) xh行以外的其它行, 从上到下 依次读出业务数据的剩余 d个字节;
其中,有效数据字节数为 F,所述字节交织器的行数为 M,kc = floor(F/M), d = FmodM, g = floor (匪), h = floor(M/(M - d))。
此外, 所述循环移位单元对所述字节交织器校验区中的数据, 以从下到 上的方向进行所述循环移位。
本发明要解决的另一技术问题是提供一种里德索罗蒙码的译码方法和装 置, 以提高交织的时间分集效果。
本发明还提供一种里德索罗蒙码的译码方法, 该方法包括如下步骤: a: 在字节交织器中按列依次填充待译码数据;
b: 按照行方式进行 RS译码, 将译码得到的各行信息数据依序写入字节 交织器信息区的对应行;
c: 从字节交织器信息区中顺序读出第 0至 kc-1列中的业务数据; d: 若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, JL0 < d<M/2, 则从该列的 第 0, g, 2 x g, …,(d- l)x g行从上到下依次读出业务数据的剩余 d个字节; 若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, 且 d〉M/2, 则从该列中除第 0, h, 2 h, (M- d- l) xh行以外的其它行, 从上到下依次读出业务数据 的剩余 d个字节;
其中,有效数据字节数为 F,所述字节交织器的行数为 M,kc = floor(F/M), d = FmodM, g = floor (匪), h = floor(M/(M - d))。
本发明还提供一种里德索罗蒙码的译码装置, 包含: 数据填充单元, 字 节交织器, 译码单元; 该装置还包含数据提取单元; 其中:
所述数据填充单元用于在所述字节交织器中按列依次填充待译码数据; 所述译码单元用于按照行方式对所述字节交织器中的数据进行 RS译码, 将译码得到的各行信息数据依序写入所述字节交织器信息区的对应行;
5 180800498 所述数据提取单元用于顺序读出字节交织器信息区第 0至 kc- 1列中的 业务数据; 并且:
若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, JL0<d<M/2, 则所述数据提取 单元从该列的第 0, g, 2 g, (d- l)xg行从上到下依次读出业务数据的 剩余 d个字节;
若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, 且 d > M/2, 则所述数据提取单 元从该列中除第 0, h, 2 h, (M- d- l)xh行以外的其它行, 从上到下 依次读出业务数据的剩余 d个字节;
其中,有效数据字节数为 F,所述字节交织器的行数为 M,kc = floor(F/M), d = FmodM, g = floor (固), h = floor(M/(M - d))。
釆用本发明的 RS码译码方法及装置,与相应的 RS码交织编码方法配合 使用, 若釆用在行的方向上进行循环移位, 可避免数据包中的连续错误对译 码的影响; 若釆用在列的方向上进行循环移位, 可保证在行的方向也有艮好 的分集, 起着行列交织器的行置换的作用, 在数据包的传输过程中能够避免 周期性噪声的干扰, 从而使得编码具有最好的性能; 此外, 通过均匀地放置 填充零字节, 使得交织的时间分集效果更好。 附图概述
图 1 是现有技术中进行 RS码交织编码后的示意图;
图 2是一种 RS码交织编码方法流程图;
图 3 是一种 RS码交织编码方法对填充部分进行交织的示意图; 图 4 是一种 RS码交织编码方法填充校验数据的示意图;
图 5是本发明实施例 RS码译码方法流程图;
图 6是本发明实施例用待译码数据填充 RS(N, K, S)码字节交织器的示 意图;
图 7是本发明实施例 RS码译码装置结构示意图。
6 180800498 本发明的较佳实施方式
本发明提供一种 RS码交织编码方法, 以及对应的 RS译码方法, 通过将 信息区中包含有效数据的最后一列中的填充值为 0的区域分散开, 和 /或对校 验区的校验数据进行移位来改进现有技术中 RS码交织编码方法, 并能达到 提高数据链路层的可靠性的技术效果。
下面将结合附图和实施例分别对本发明的 RS码交织编码, 以及相应的 RS码的译码方法及装置进行详细描述。
RS码交织编码方法
本实施例提供了一种 RS码交织编码方法,设给定的 RS码为( N, K, S ) , 则对应的字节交织器的列数为 N, 左边 K列为信息区, 右边 S ( S = N - K ) 列为校验区, 上述 N、 K、 S的单位为字节。 本实施例中交织器的行数及列数 釆用从 0开始编号, 具体实现时也可釆用其他编号方式。 如图 2所示, 本发 明方法具体操作如下所述:
步骤 201 : 将 IP ( Internet Protocol, 因特网协议)数据按多协议封装成
TS ( Time-Slicing, 时间分片)码流, 得到业务数据包的字节大小, 设该数据 包的字节大小为 F个字节, 该步骤具体操作方法与现有技术相同;
步骤 202: 根据业务数据包中的字节数 F及信息区的列数 K计算出交织 器的行数 M及信息区中能够用有效数据填满的列数 kc,用有效数据填满的列 是指直接用原数据包中的数据即可填满的列;
其中:
交织器的行数 M=ceil(F/K), ceil ( · )表示向上取整;
kc = floor(F/M), floor ( · )表示向下取整;
此外, 还需计算如下参数:
d = F mod M, mod表示取模运算; d表示填满前 kc列后剩余的有效数据 字节数;
另外, 记 g = floor(MZd); h = floor(M/(M - d))„
7 180800498 步骤 203: 根据上述计算所得参数用业务数据填充 RS(N, K, S)码字节 交织器的前 K列, 即信息区;
本步骤可分为以下子步骤:
步骤 2031: 将业务数据包的前 kcxM字节从第 0列开始,逐列依次写入 所述信息区的前 kc列 (即第 0到第 kc - 1歹 ) , 每列从上到下顺序写入; 即从 RS(N, K, S)码字节交织器的第 0列按从上到下的顺序开始填充, 填完第 0列再按从上到下的顺序填充第 1列, 依此类推, 直到填充完 RS(N, K, S)码字节交织器的前 kc列, 每列填充 M个字节; 前 kcxM字节填充完 毕后, 若 d不等于 0则执行步骤 2032, 否则执行步骤 204。
步骤 2032: 用业务数据包中剩余的 d个字节数据和 M_d个字节 0填充 第 kc列;
具体的填充方法可以是但不限于:
若 d M/2, 将该列中第 0, g, 2 g, (d- l)xg行从上到下依次写 入业务数据包剩余的 d个字节, 剩余位置填充 M-d个字节 0;
否则, 将该列中第 0, h, 2 h, (M- d- l)xh行填充 M- d个字节
0, 剩余行位置从上到下依次写入业务数据包剩余的 d个字节, 填充后的形式 如图 3所示。 这时在该列, 信息数据和填充数据几乎处于均勾分布状态。
步骤 2033: 在信息区的剩余部分, 即第 kc+1列至第 K- 1列全部填充 0 字节。
步骤 204: 根据信息区的数据构造每行校验区的数据, 即按照行的方式 进行 RS编码, 每一行后面添加 S个字节的校验数据, 每行校验数据是根据 所在行前 K列的数据信息生成的, 具体方法与现有技术相同, 填充后的形式 如图 4所示, 该图只示出了填充第 0行校验数据的情形;
步骤 205: 对校验数据进行循环移位处理, 可以是按行或按列进行循环 移位, 也可以是即按行又按列循环移位, 各行或各列的移动位数可以不相同, 每行或每列的移位位数可按某个预设的约定得到, 如由某个预设的公式计算 得到;
按列循环移位可以釆用但不限于如下方式:
8 180800498 对第 0列所有行的数据不进行列循环移位操作;
对第 i列的所有行的数据, 按照从上到下的方向 (或从下到上的方向) 进行循环移位, 同一列的所有数据移动位数相同。 计算移动位数的公式可以 是但不限于: floor(i M/S )位, i = 1 , S - 1。
步骤 206: 将 RS(N, K, S)码字节交织器中校验区数据逐列依次读出, 每列按从上到下的方式读出,将读出的数据进行 XPE-FEC( extensible Protocol Encapsulation-Forward Error Corection, 可扩展协议封装 -前向纠错) 复用适 配封装。
综上所述, 釆用上述 RS码交织编码方法, 若在行的方向上进行循环移 位, 可避免数据包中的连续错误对译码的影响; 若在列的方向上进行循环移 位, 保证在行的方向也有很好的分集, 起着行列交织器的行置换的作用, 在 数据包的传输过程中能够避免周期性噪声的干扰, 从而使得编码具有最好的 性能; 此外, 上述方法还提出了在有填充字节和信息数据包字节的列中, 均 匀地放置填充零字节, 可以使得时间上具有更加均匀的保护。 这样做的好处, 使得交织的时间分集效果更好。
RS码译码方法
图 5为本发明实施例 RS码译码方法流程图。 该译码方法是与上述编码 方法相对应的逆过程。 本实施例中, 同样设定 RS码为 (N, K, S), 此外, 设 接收到的业务数据包按多协议解封装后得到的待译码数据 (包含业务数据、 填充数据和对应的校验数据) 的字节数为 T。
如图 5所示, 该方法包含如下步骤:
步骤 501 : 根据待译码数据的字节数 Τ及字节交织器的列数 Ν计算出所 述字节交织器的行数 Μ = ceil(T/N);
步骤 502: 用待译码数据填充 RS(N, K, S)码字节交织器;
图 6是本发明实施例用待译码数据填充 RS(N, K, S)码字节交织器的示 意图。
9 180800498 步骤 503: 对校验数据 (即图 6所示交织器中的右边 S列数据)进行循 环移位处理; 与对应 RS 交织编码过程釆用的循环移位规则相对应, 本步骤 中的循环移位处理规则可以是按行循环移位, 也可以是按列循环移位, 各行 或各列的移动位数可以不相同, 每行或每列的移位位数可按某个预设的约定 得到, 如由某个预设的公式计算得到。
具体移位方式可以釆用但不限于如下方式: (与步骤 205釆用的循环移 位方法 目对应 )
对于第 0列所有行的数据不进行列循环移位操作;
对于第 i列的所有行的数据, 按照从下到上方向 (或从上到下的方向) 进行循环移位, 同一列的所有数据移动位数相同。 计算移动位数的公式可以 是但不限于: floor(i M/S )位, i = 1 , S - 1。
步骤 504: 根据字节交织器中每行的数据, 按照行的方式进行 RS译码, 得到 K个字节的信息数据,写入所在行的前 K列,即得到信息区每行的数据, 具体译码方法与现有技术相同。
步骤 505:将译码后 RS码字节交织器中信息区的有效数据逐列依次读出; 本步操作可分为以下子步骤:
步骤 5051 : 根据所述有效数据序列 (即业务数据序列) 的字节数 F, 计 算出所述信息区中能够用有效数据填满的列数 kc, kc = floor(F/M);
上述有效数据序列字节数 F是发送端 ( RS编码端 )通过其它信令预先告 知接收端 (RS译码端 ) 的。
步骤 5052: 顺序读出所述信息区的前 kc列,每列从上到下顺序读出; 得 到所述信息序列的前 kc X M个字节;
步骤 5053: 设信息序列中剩余的 d个字节未被读出, 若 d = 0, 则结束; 若(1≠0, 则执行步骤 5054;
其中, d = F mod M。
步骤 5054: g = floor(M/d), h = floor(M/(M - d)); 按下列方法将信息序
10 180800498 列中剩余 d个字节从交织器的第 kc列读出:
若 0<d M/2, 则从该列的第 0, g, 2 g, (d - l) x g行, 从上到下 依次读取信息序列剩余的 d个字节;
若 d > M/2, 则跳过该列中第 0, h, 2 h, ... , (Μ - d - 1) χ h行位置不 读, 从上到下依次读取该列剩余行中信息序列剩余的 d个字节。
需要注意的是, 步骤 503是一个可选步骤, 即步骤 501 ~ 502加上步骤 504 ~ 505可以构成一个完整的实施例。
RS码译码装置
图 7为本发明实施例 RS码译码装置结构示意图。如图 7所示,该装置包 含: 数据填充单元, 存储器(即字节交织器) , 循环移位单元, 译码单元, 数据提取单元。 其中:
数据填充单元, 用于接收待译码数据, 并根据待译码数据的字节数 T及 字节交织器的列数 N计算出所述字节交织器的行数 M; 用待译码数据填充 RS(N, K, S)码字节交织器; M的计算公式如上所述。
循环移位单元, 用于向字节交织器输出循环移位控制信号, 对字节交织 器中的校验数据按行或列进行循环移位处理; 具体的移位方法和移动位数的 计算公式如上所述。
需要注意的是, 循环移位单元是一个可选单元。
译码单元, 用于对字节交织器中的每行数据, 按照行的方式进行 RS译 码, 得到 K个字节的信息数据, 写入所在行的前 K列, 即得到信息区每行的 数据。
数据提取单元, 用于将译码后字节交织器中信息区的有效数据逐列依次 读出, 输出有效数据序列; 具体读取方法如上所述。
工业实用性
11 180800498 釆用本发明的 RS码译码方法及装置,与相应的 RS码交织编码方法配合 使用, 若釆用在行的方向上进行循环移位, 可避免数据包中的连续错误对译 码的影响; 若釆用在列的方向上进行循环移位, 可保证在行的方向也有艮好 的分集, 起着行列交织器的行置换的作用, 在数据包的传输过程中能够避免 周期性噪声的干扰, 从而使得编码具有最好的性能; 此外, 通过均匀地放置 填充零字节, 使得交织的时间分集效果更好。
12 180800498

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种里德索罗蒙码的译码方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括如下步骤: A: 在字节交织器中按列依次填充待译码数据;
B: 对字节交织器校验区中的数据按行和 /或按列进行循环移位, 使得校 验区的每行数据为字节交织器信息区中相应行数据的依序排列的校验数据;
C: 按照行方式进行 RS译码, 将译码得到的各行信息数据依序写入字节 交织器信息区的对应行;
D: 从字节交织器信息区中逐列读出所述译码后信息数据中的业务数据。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于,
步骤 B中, 对字节交织器校验区中的数据按列进行循环移位, 校验区第 i列所有行移动的位数为: floor(ixMZS) ; 其中, M为所述字节交织器的行 数, S为所述校验区的列数, i = 0, 1, S- 1。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于,
步骤 D包含如下子步骤:
D1: 顺序读出字节交织器信息区第 0至 kc-1列中的业务数据;
D2: 若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, JL0<d<M/2, 则从该列的 第 0, g, 2 g, (d- l)xg行从上到下依次读出业务数据的剩余 d个字节; 若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, 且 d>M/2, 则从该列中除第 0, h, 2 h, (M- d- l)xh行以外的其它行, 从上到下依次读出业务数据 的剩余 d个字节;
其中,有效数据字节数为 F,所述字节交织器的行数为 M,kc = floor(F/M), d = FmodM, g = floor (固), h = floor(M/(M - d))。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于,
步骤 B中, 对所述字节交织器校验区中的数据, 以从下到上的方向进行 所述循环移位。
13 180800498
5、 一种里德索罗蒙码的译码方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括如下步骤: a: 在字节交织器中按列依次填充待译码数据;
b: 按照行方式进行 RS译码, 将译码得到的各行信息数据依序写入字节 交织器信息区的对应行;
c: 从字节交织器信息区中顺序读出第 0至 kc-1列中的业务数据; d: 若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, JLO < d<M/2, 则从该列的 第 0, g, 2 g, (d- l)xg行从上到下依次读出业务数据的剩余 d个字节; 若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, 且 d>M/2, 则从该列中除第 0, h, 2 h, (M- d- l)xh行以外的其它行, 从上到下依次读出业务数据 的剩余 d个字节;
其中,有效数据字节数为 F,所述字节交织器的行数为 M,kc = floor(F/M), d = FmodM, g = floor (固), h = floor(M/(M - d))。
6、 一种里德索罗蒙码的译码装置, 包含: 数据填充单元, 字节交织器, 译码单元; 其特征在于, 该装置还包含循环移位单元, 数据提取单元; 其中: 所述数据填充单元用于在所述字节交织器中按列依次填充待译码数据; 所述循环移位单元用于向所述字节交织器发送循环移位控制信号, 对字 节交织器校验区中的数据按行和 /或按列进行循环移位, 使得校验区的每行数 据为字节交织器信息区中相应行数据的依序排列的校验数据;
所述译码单元用于按照行方式对所述字节交织器中的数据进行 RS译码, 将译码得到的各行信息数据依序写入所述字节交织器信息区的对应行;
所述数据提取单元用于从字节交织器信息区中逐列读出所述译码后信息 数据中的业务数据。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述循环移位单元对所述字节交织器校验区中的数据按列进行循环移 位, 校验区第 i列所有行移动的位数为: floor(ixMZS) ; 其中, M为所述字 节交织器的行数, S为所述校验区的列数, i = 0, 1, S- 1。
14 180800498 8、 如权利要求 6所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述数据提取单元用于顺序读出字节交织器信息区第 0至 kc- 1列中的 业务数据; 并且:
若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, JL0<d<M/2, 则所述数据提取 单元从该列的第 0, g, 2 g, (d- l)x g行从上到下依次读出业务数据的 剩余 d个字节;
若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, 且 d > M/2, 则所述数据提取单 元从该列中除第 0, h, 2 h, (M- d- l)xh行以外的其它行, 从上到下 依次读出业务数据的剩余 d个字节;
其中,有效数据字节数为 F,所述字节交织器的行数为 M,kc = floor(F/M), d = FmodM, g = floor (固), h = floor(M/(M - d))。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述循环移位单元对所述字节交织器校验区中的数据, 以从下到上的方 向进行所述循环移位。
10、 一种里德索罗蒙码的译码装置, 包含: 数据填充单元, 字节交织器, 译码单元; 其特征在于, 该装置还包含数据提取单元; 其中: 所述数据填充单元用于在所述字节交织器中按列依次填充待译码数据; 所述译码单元用于按照行方式对所述字节交织器中的数据进行 RS译码, 将译码得到的各行信息数据依序写入所述字节交织器信息区的对应行;
所述数据提取单元用于顺序读出字节交织器信息区第 0至 kc- 1列中的 业务数据; 并且:
若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, JL0<d<M/2, 则所述数据提取 单元从该列的第 0, g, 2 g, (d- l)x g行从上到下依次读出业务数据的 剩余 d个字节;
若第 kc列中包含 d个字节的业务数据, 且 d > M/2, 则所述数据提取单 元从该列中除第 0, h, 2 h, (M- d- l)xh行以外的其它行, 从上到下 依次读出业务数据的剩余 d个字节;
15 180800498 其中,有效数据字节数为 F,所述字节交织器的行数为 M,kc = floor(F/M), d = FmodM, g = floor(M/d) , h = floor(M/(M— d))。
16 180800498
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