WO2010009994A2 - 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamin und ein verfahren zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents
3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamin und ein verfahren zu dessen herstellung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010009994A2 WO2010009994A2 PCT/EP2009/058887 EP2009058887W WO2010009994A2 WO 2010009994 A2 WO2010009994 A2 WO 2010009994A2 EP 2009058887 W EP2009058887 W EP 2009058887W WO 2010009994 A2 WO2010009994 A2 WO 2010009994A2
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- OEFAIWKFALHMEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCC(CCC1)CC1N Chemical compound NCC(CCC1)CC1N OEFAIWKFALHMEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLLPWWSRXTTYSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C=NCC(CCC1)CC1N=C=O Chemical compound O=C=NCC(CCC1)CC1N=C=O HLLPWWSRXTTYSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/33—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C211/34—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of a saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C211/36—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of a saturated carbon skeleton containing at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/09—Geometrical isomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine (aminomethylcyclohexylamine, AMCHA) and to a process for its preparation by a) reacting cyclohexenone with hydrogen cyanide, b) subsequently reacting the cyclohexanone nitrile obtained in step a) with ammonia in the presence of an imine formation catalyst - sators and c) subsequent reaction of the obtained in step b) 3-cyanocyclohexyl-imine-containing reaction mixture with hydrogen and ammonia to hydrogenation catalysts.
- AMCHA aminomethylcyclohexylamine
- the present invention further relates to the use of 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine.
- Cycloaliphatic diamines are used as curing agents in epoxy resins, as an intermediate in the preparation of diisocyanates - which play an important role in the production of polyurethanes - as starters in the production of polyetherols and as monomers for polyamide production use.
- the structure of the diamine used can influence the properties of the polymer materials prepared from the diamines, such as weather resistance, hydrolysis resistance, chemical resistance, light resistance, electrical and mechanical properties. But it can also exert an influence on the processing of the diamines to the corresponding polymer materials, for example, the curing of epoxy resins.
- cycloaliphatic diamines are, for example, isophorone diamine (IPDA), bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane (PACM) and 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH).
- IPDA isophorone diamine
- PAM bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane
- DACH 1, 2-diaminocyclohexane
- PACM and DACH can be synthesized by hydrogenating the corresponding aromatic compounds, such as 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and o-phenylenediamine, respectively.
- DACH continues to be a by-product of hexamethylenediamine production.
- both amino groups are substituted directly on the aliphatic ring and thus have the same, or at least a similar reactivity.
- IPDA one amino group is directly attached to the aliphatic ring while the other amino group is linked to the aliphatic ring via a methylene bridge.
- IPDA is usually prepared by addition of cyanogen to isophorone to isophorone nitrile and subsequent hydrogenation in the presence of ammonia to IPDA.
- EP-A1-0394058 likewise discloses cycloaliphatic diamines having differently reactive amino groups.
- EP-A1-0895984 describes the preparation of cycloaliphatic diamines with amino groups of different reactivity by reductive amination of alkyl-substituted 3-formylcycloalkanones.
- Alkyl-substituted 3-formylcycloalkanones are again obtainable by reaction of alkyl-substituted cycloalkenones and formaldehyde.
- the yield of alkyl-substituted, cycloaliphatic diamines is in the range of 50 to 60%.
- IPDA and the (aminocyclohexyl) alkylamines disclosed in EP-A-0394058 and the alkyl-substituted cycloaliphatic diamines disclosed in EP-A1-0895984 have one or more alkyl substituents.
- a cycloaliphatic diamine without alkyl branches.
- diamines as a hardener in epoxy resins, as
- a cycloaliphatic diamine should be provided which has a different viscosity or solubility compared to IPDA and thus exhibits a different phase behavior to other epoxy resin components, for example diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), as a result allows greater flexibility in the formulation of epoxy resins.
- DGEBA diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A
- a process for the preparation of 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine should be provided with this invention, which makes it possible to achieve high space-time yields and the isomer ratio of cis-aminomethylcyclohexylamine and trans-Aminomethylcyclohexylamin by Controlling the reaction conditions to influence within certain limits, since the isomers differ in their reactivities.
- this method should enable a high ratio of cis to trans isomers (CTV) to be achieved.
- a process for the preparation of AMCHA should be made available in which only few by-products are formed, which are difficult to separate from the reaction mixture, for example the formation of dimers, which in the reductive amination by coupling two nitrile or keto groups different molecules can arise.
- a high nitrile conversion or degree of saturation of the reaction product should be achieved because nitrilamines or aminoimines deteriorate the properties of the polymeric materials and CC double bonds can affect the color fastness. Partly saturated compounds are usually difficult to separate from the saturated reaction product.
- a high process economy should be achieved by achieving high yields and selectivities.
- Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine by
- step b) reacting the cyclohexanone nitrile obtained in step a) with ammonia in the presence of an imine formation catalyst
- step b) Reaction of the obtained in step b) 3-cyanocyclohexylimine-containing reaction mixture with hydrogen and ammonia to hydrogenation catalysts.
- cyclohex-2-en-1-one (cyclohexenone) is reacted with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the presence of a basic catalyst.
- Suitable basic catalysts are all substances which form or contain cyanide ions under the reaction conditions in the presence of hydrogen cyanide. This includes z.
- hydroxides, cyanides and alkoxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals and quaternary ammonium compounds Preference is given to using alkali metal cyanides, alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides and C.sub.1-4 alkoxides, such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethylate, potassium methoxide, potassium tert-butylate, lithium methoxide, sodium methylate being particularly preferably used.
- NaCN which can be prepared, for example, without isolation by contacting NaOH and HCN.
- the catalyst concentration is between 0.01 and 3 wt .-% based on the reaction mixture.
- the catalyst concentration is chosen so that the dependent of the reaction temperature and the composition of the reaction mixture solubility of the basic catalyst is not exceeded, which are preferably concentrations between 0.01 and 0.3 wt .-% based on the reaction mixture.
- reaction of HCN and cyclohexenone can at reaction temperatures from 80 to 220 0 C, preferably 100 to 180 0 C, are particularly preferred, carried out from 120 to 170 ° C.
- the reaction pressure (measured in absolute terms) is generally 0.05 to 2 MPa, preferably 0.09 to 1 MPa, particularly preferably atmospheric pressure (atmospheric pressure) to 3 bar.
- the pressure can e.g. be produced by pressing in inert gases (nitrogen).
- cyclohexenone is generally employed in molar excess, based on the hydrogen cyanide.
- the molar ratio CH: HCN of the two starting materials cyclohexenone (CH) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is usually 2: 1 to 10: 1, preferably 2: 1 to 5: 1, particularly preferably 2: 1 to 3: 1.
- reaction of HCN with cyclohexenone can be carried out in the presence or absence of inert solvents.
- Suitable inert solvents for the reaction are water and C 1 to C 20 alkanols, preferably C 1 to C 12 alkanols, particularly preferably C 1 to C 4 alkanols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol , isobutanol and tert-butanol, aliphatic hydrocarbons having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, such as n-pentane, pentane isomer mixtures, n- Hexane, hexane isomer mixtures, n-heptane, heptane isomer mixtures, n-octane, octane isomer mixtures, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons having 5 to 20 C atoms, preferably having 5 to 12 C atoms, particularly preferably having 5 to 8
- Cyclohexenone is particularly preferably used in molar excess, based on HCN, and does not add any external solvent.
- reaction according to the invention of HCN and cyclohexenone can be carried out batchwise, semicontinuously or preferably continuously.
- Suitable reaction vessels or reactors are, for example, stirred reactors, tube reactors, stirred tank cascades, loop reactors or mixing circuits.
- a continuous process procedure can be carried out such that the basic catalyst, optionally dissolved in an inert solvent or cyclohexenone, is fed continuously into an apparatus in which cyclohexenone is continuously reacted with hydrogen cyanide under normal pressure or under elevated pressure (0.09 to 1 MPa, measured absolutely) is implemented.
- reaction is carried out in a multi-stage stirred tank cascade.
- reaction zone having substantially complete backmixing and the second reaction zone having substantially no backmixing.
- a reactor for the first reaction zone with substantially complete backmixing z. B. a stirred tank, a mixing circuit or a loop reactor can be used. The released heat of reaction is removed via suitable heat exchangers.
- Suitable reactors for the second reaction zone which has essentially no backmixing, are cylindrical reactors with random packings or fixed internals which completely or partially prevent backmixing. In carrying out the synthesis on a laboratory scale, however, it is also possible to use a tube reactor which is operated in the turbulent flow range.
- the residence time required for complete HCN conversion depends on the reaction temperature and the catalyst concentration. It is for the stirred reactor usually 1 to 4 hours, for the operated without backmixing Nachreaktor usually 0.2 to 1, 5 hours.
- a discontinuous or semicontinuous process can be carried out such that
- cyclohexenone is initially charged with the basic catalyst and hydrogen cyanide is added in an inert solvent or in cyclohexenone, or b) cyclohexenone is charged with hydrogen cyanide and the basic catalyst in an inert solvent or cyclohexenone is added, or c) cyclohexenone and hydrogen cyanide and the basic Catalyst in an inert solvent or cyclohexenone is added.
- the variant a) is preferred here.
- the reaction mixture obtained by reacting cyclohexenone with hydrogen cyanide contains 3-cyano-cyclohexan-1-one (cyclohexanonitrile) of the formula (II).
- the resulting reaction mixture can be extracted with water to remove the dissolved catalyst.
- the basic catalyst can also be neutralized by the addition of an equivalent or excess amount of an organic or inorganic acid.
- acids e.g. inorganic acids, such as phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, or organic acids, for example, sulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, carboxylic acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, malonic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid and adipic acid.
- inorganic acids such as phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid
- organic acids for example, sulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, carboxylic acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, malonic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid and adipic acid.
- the reaction mixture can then be purified, optionally after extraction with water or neutralization, by fractional distillation.
- 3-Cyano-cyclohexan-1-one (cyclohexanonitrile) is obtained.
- Unreacted cyclohexenone can be recycled to the reaction process.
- stage b the cyclohexanonitrile (CHN) obtained from stage a) is reacted with excess ammonia in the presence of an imine formation catalyst (imination).
- Suitable imine-forming catalysts are solid Bronsted or Lewis acids, as described, for example, in EP-A1-449089 (page 2, column 2, lines 1-20) and in the article by Tanabe et al. (K. Tanabe, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, Vol. 51, 1989, p. 1 ff) are described.
- acidic metal oxide catalysts such as aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide and silicon dioxide.
- ammonium ions inorganic or organic ion exchangers such as zeolites or sulfonated copolymers of styrene and divinylbenzene (eg the brands Lewatit® Fa.
- the imination of CHN can be carried out in the presence of a solvent, e.g. in alkanols or ethers, such as ethanol, butanol or tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- a solvent e.g. in alkanols or ethers, such as ethanol, butanol or tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- the imination of CHN is carried out without the addition of solvent.
- the imination can be carried out batchwise or preferably continuously.
- the discontinuous imination can be carried out, for example, in a stirred autoclave, a bubble column or a circulation reactor, such as a jet loop reactor.
- a suspension of CHN and catalyst is usually initially charged in the reactor.
- the suspension of CHN and catalyst will usually be mixed well with ammonia, e.g. through a turbine stirrer in an autoclave.
- the suspended catalyst material can be introduced by conventional techniques and separated again (sedimentation, centrifugation, cake filtration, cross-flow filtration).
- the catalyst can be used one or more times.
- the catalyst concentration is advantageously 0.1 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 20 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of Suspension consisting of CHN and catalyst.
- the mean catalyst particle size is advantageously in the range of 0.001 to 1 mm, preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.5 mm, in particular 0.01 to 0.25 mm.
- the imination is preferably carried out continuously, usually in pressure vessels or pressure vessel cascades.
- CHN and NH3 are passed through a tubular reactor in which the imine formation catalyst is arranged in the form of a fixed bed.
- a catalyst loading of from 0.01 to 10, preferably from 0.05 to 7, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 5, kg of CHN per kg of catalyst and hour is employed.
- the imination is preferably carried out in a temperature range of 20 to 150 0 C, preferably 30 to 130 0 C and particularly preferably at 50 to 100 ° C.
- the pressure in the imination is generally from 50 to 300 bar, preferably 100 to 250 bar.
- the reaction mixture from the imination usually contains 3-cyanocyclohexyl-imine (CHNI) of the formula (III)
- the conversion of CHN to CHNI is usually more than 80%, preferably more than 90% and particularly preferably more than 95%.
- reaction mixture from stage b) is reacted in step c) with hydrogen and ammonia over hydrogenation catalysts (reductive amination).
- the reaction of the reaction mixture containing 3-cyanocyclohexylimine (CHNI) is preferably carried out in liquid ammonia.
- 5 to 500 moles of NH 3 preferably 10 to 400 moles of NH 3 and more preferably 20 to 300 moles of NH 3 , are usually employed per mole of CHNI.
- the MoI ratio between CHN and NH 3 is expediently adjusted in the case of the upstream imination in such a way that the molar ratio is within a suitable range even in the case of reductive amination.
- the NH 3 content can be increased to a desired level by adding additional NH 3 before the reductive amination.
- hydrogen is used as a further starting material for the reaction of the 3-cyano-cyclohexylimine-containing reaction mixture.
- the molar ratio between hydrogen and CHNI is generally from 3 to 10,000 to 1, preferably from 4 to 5,000 to 1 and more preferably from 5 to 1,000 to 1.
- the hydrogen is preferably added to the 3-cyano-cyclohexylimine-containing reaction mixture after the imination and before the reductive amination.
- the hydrogen is already supplied before the imination, since the imination is usually carried out on catalysts that do not catalyze the hydrogenation.
- hydrogen supplied before the imination may be available as starting material for the reaction of the 3-cyano-cyclohexylimine-containing reaction mixture during the reductive amination.
- hydrogenation catalysts in principle all hydrogenation catalysts can be used which contain nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, rhodium and / or other metals of VIII. Subgroup of the Periodic Table. Suitable hydrogenation catalysts are catalysts which contain the elements chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten and / or rhenium. Hydrogenation catalysts containing ruthenium, cobalt and / or nickel are preferably used. Particular preference is given to catalysts which contain ruthenium and / or cobalt.
- the abovementioned hydrogenation catalysts can be doped in the customary manner with promoters, for example with chromium, iron, cobalt, manganese, thallium, molybdenum, titanium and / or phosphorus.
- the catalytically active metals can be used as full contacts or on carriers.
- carriers are e.g. Alumina, titania, zirconia or magnesia / alumina.
- the carriers may also be immunogenic in order to allow the reaction of ketone present in the imine in the hydrogenation of the imine group.
- the hydrogenation catalysts which can be used in the process according to the invention are generally obtained by reduction of so-called catalyst precursors with hydrogen.
- the catalyst precursor usually contains oxygen-containing compounds of the above-mentioned metals.
- the catalyst precursors may be prepared by known methods, e.g. produced by precipitation, precipitation or impregnation.
- Such catalyst precursors are for example
- Catalysts disclosed in EP-A-696572 whose catalytically active composition prior to reduction with hydrogen contains 20 to 85% by weight ZrO 2 , 1 to 30% by weight oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, 30 to 70% by weight.
- % oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, 0.1 to 5 wt .-% oxygen-containing compounds of molybdenum, calculated as Mo ⁇ 3, and 0 to 10 wt .-% oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum and / or manganese, calculated as Al 2 ⁇ 3 or MnO 2 contains, for example, in loc.
- Raney catalysts As Raney catalysts Raney cobalt catalysts, Raney nickel catalysts and / or Raney copper catalysts are preferably used. Particular preference is given to using Raney cobalt catalysts.
- Selective hydrogenation catalysts can also be used as hydrogenation catalysts, selective hydrogenation catalysts being understood to mean those catalysts which preferably hydrogenate the imine group relative to the nitrile group of 3-cyanocyclohexylimine.
- Selective hydrogenation catalysts are, for example, hydrogenation catalysts which contain ruthenium, palladium and / or rhodium.
- Preferred selective hydrogenation catalysts contain ruthenium and / or rhodium, and particularly preferred selective hydrogenation catalysts contain ruthenium.
- the reductive amination is preferably carried out in the presence of a basic compound and / or a basic hydrogenation catalyst.
- basic compound does not detect the starting material ammonia, but comprises one or more of the compounds listed below or those compounds which act in an analogous manner as the compounds listed below.
- Suitable basic compounds are basic metal compounds, such as the oxides, hydroxides or carbonates of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or rare earth metals.
- the metal compounds of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as the corresponding oxides, hydroxides and carbonates, such as IJ 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O, Rb 2 O, CS 2 O, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , Cs 2 CO 3 , Rb 2 CO 3 , MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, Mg (OH) 2 , Ca (OH) 2 , Sr (OH) 2 , Ba (OH) 2 , MgCO 3 , CaCO 3 , SrCO 3 or BaCO 3 .
- Particularly preferred are LiOH, NaOH or KOH.
- preferred basic compounds are amines or ammonium hydroxides.
- solutions of the basic compounds in water or other suitable solvents such as alkanols, such as C 1 -C 4 -alkanols, for example methanol or ethanol, or ethers, such as cyclic ethers, for example THF or dioxane
- solutions of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides in water particularly preferably solutions of LiOH, NaOH or KOH in water.
- concentration of the basic compound in water or other suitable solvents 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 10 and particularly preferably 0.2 to 5 wt .-%.
- the amount of the added solution of the basic compound is usually selected so that the ratio of the mass of the added basic compound to the mass of 3-cyanocyclohexylimine in the reaction mixture is 100 to 10,000 to 1,000,000, preferably 150 to 5,000 to 1,000,000, and especially preferably 200 to 1000 to 1 000 000.
- the reductive amination can also be carried out in the presence of basic hydrogenation catalysts.
- basic hydrogenation catalysts are the abovementioned hydrogenation catalysts which have been doped with basic components, such as oxides or hydroxides of alkali, alkaline earth and rare earth metals, and / or have been applied to basic supports.
- Suitable basic carriers for hydrogenation catalysts are, for example, ⁇ -aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide / aluminum oxide mixtures, the proportion of magnesium oxide preferably being from 5 to 40% by weight.
- the carrier containing magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide may be amorphous or present as spinel.
- Catalysts on basic supports are obtained technically in a manner known per se. So you win, for example Ruthenium on basic carrier by applying aqueous ruthenium salt solutions, such as ruthenium chloride and ruthenium nitrate to the corresponding basic carrier.
- the concentration of the metals, in particular ruthenium, on the basic supports is generally 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 5 wt .-% and particularly preferably 1 to 4 wt .-%.
- Basic catalysts are also understood as meaning those hydrogenation catalysts which react with the abovementioned basic components, such as oxides or hydroxides of
- Basic catalysts preferably contain at least one basic component, such as Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O, MgO, CaO, SrO or BaO.
- the proportion of basic components, i. Basic doping in basic hydrogenation catalysts is generally more than 0.5 wt .-% and particularly preferably more than 0.7 wt .-% and particularly preferably more than 1 wt .-% based on the total mass of the basic hydrogenation catalyst.
- non-basic hydrogenation catalysts which have not been applied to basic supports as described above and / or which contain 0.5% by weight or less of basic components, ie basic dopants, based on the total mass of the Catalyst are hereinafter referred to as non-basic hydrogenation catalysts.
- the reductive amination is usually carried out at temperatures of 50 to 160 0 C and a pressure of 50 to 300 bar.
- the reductive amination can be carried out batchwise or preferably continuously.
- the batch reductive amination can be carried out, for example, in a stirred autoclave, a bubble column, or a recycle reactor, such as a jet loop reactor.
- a suspension of CHNI and catalyst is usually introduced into the reactor.
- the suspension of CHNI and catalyst will usually be well mixed with hydrogen and the aminating agent, e.g. through a turbine stirrer in an autoclave.
- the suspended catalyst material can be introduced by conventional techniques and separated again (sedimentation, centrifugation, cake filtration, cross-flow filtration).
- the catalyst can be used one or more times.
- the catalyst concentration is advantageously 0.1 to 50 wt .-%, preferably 0.5 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 20 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of Suspension consisting of CHNI and catalyst.
- the mean catalyst particle size is advantageously in the range of 0.001 to 1 mm, preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.5 mm, in particular 0.01 to 0.25 mm.
- a dilution of the starting materials with a suitable, inert solvent in which CHNI has a good solubility, such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, N-methylpyrrolidone take place.
- the continuous reductive amination can be carried out, for example, in a continuously operated stirred autoclave, a continuously operated bubble column, a continuously operated circulating reactor, such as a jet loop reactor or a fixed bed reactor.
- the continuous, reductive amination is preferably carried out in a tubular reactor with fixed catalyst bed.
- a tube reactor with fixed catalyst bed is suitable for this reaction.
- the catalyst loading in continuous operation is typically from 0.01 to 10, preferably from 0.05 to 7, more preferably from 0.1 to 5 kg CHNI per kg of catalyst and hour.
- the reductive amination is carried out continuously in a tubular reactor with fixed catalyst bed.
- the reductive amination i. the reaction of the 3-cyano-cyclohexylimine-containing reactant stream with hydrogen and ammonia over hydrogenation catalysts can be carried out in one or more reaction spaces separate from one another. If the reductive amination is carried out in only one reaction space, the temperature profile between the reactor inlet and reactor outlet is usually largely constant and determined by the heat of reaction liberated during the reductive amination.
- a temperature profile between the reactor inlet and the reactor outlet can be set.
- the formation of such a temperature profile can be realized that individual areas of the reactor can be separated and individually controlled temperature individually.
- the temperature between the reactor inlet and the reactor outlet is increased.
- the temperature at the reactor inlet in the range of 50 to 100 0 C, while the temperature at the reactor outlet between 100 and 160 0 C.
- the increasing temperature profile between reactor input and reactor output can be a steady function or increase in discrete steps.
- the reductive amination is carried out in two or more stages, wherein the stages take place in separate reaction spaces. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the reductive amination is carried out in two stages, the stages taking place in separate reaction spaces.
- the first stage (stage I) is usually in a temperature range 50 to 100 0 C, preferably at 55 to 95 ° C and particularly preferably at 60 to 90 0 C and at a pressure of 15 to 300, preferably 20 to 250 and particularly preferably carried out at 30 to 230 bar.
- the second stage (stage II) is usually in a temperature range of 70 to 160 ° C, preferably 75 to 150 ° C and more preferably at 80 to 140 ° C and at a pressure of 50 to 300, preferably 80 to 250 and particularly preferred carried out at 100 to 230 bar.
- Both stages are usually carried out in each case in pressure vessels, in particular in fixed bed reactors.
- the non-basic and / or basic hydrogenation catalysts described above can be used in both stages, with preference being given to using a non-basic catalyst which contains cobalt.
- stage I it is thus possible to carry out the partial stages of stage I in two or more pressure vessels, in particular fixed bed reactors.
- the sub-stages of stage I are usually carried out in a temperature range of 50 to 100 0 C and at a pressure of 15 to 300 bar. Pressure and temperature can be the same or different in the partial stages.
- the partial stages are operated at the same temperature and the same pressure.
- the non-basic and / or basic hydrogenation catalysts described above can be used, preference being given to using non-basic hydrogenation catalysts.
- selective hydrogenation catalysts are used as non-basic hydrogenation catalysts in the first substep or in the first substeps of the first reaction stage.
- stage I of the reductive amination consists of not more than three, preferably two and more preferably one sub-stage, since the investment increases with increasing number of reactors.
- stage I of the reductive amination is carried out in only one part, it is advantageous if the basicity of the reaction mixture is increased, in which the basic compound is brought into contact with the reaction mixture after the exit of the stage I.
- stage II of the reductive amination it is also possible to subdivide the stage II of the reductive amination into further partial stages, wherein the partial stages are preferably carried out in each case separate reaction spaces.
- stage II of the reductive amination are usually carried out as described above in a temperature range of 70 to 160 0 C and at a pressure of 50 to 300.
- the sub-stages of the stage II of the reductive amination are carried out in two or more pressure vessels, in particular fixed bed reactors. From the reaction product obtained from the reductive amination NH3 and hydrogen, optionally separated under pressure. The thus obtained 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine (AMCHA) of the formula (I)
- a mixture of isomers of cis-3-amino-methyl-1-cyclohexylamine and trans-3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine is obtained.
- the ratio of cis to trans isomer (CTV) obtained by the process according to the invention is generally 55:45 to 99: 1, preferably 60:40 to 95: 5, particularly preferably 65:35 to 90:10.
- the CTV is z.T. determined at the stage of hydrocyanation, but completely defined in the reductive amination / hydrogenation.
- thermodynamically preferred product is formed by the division of the reactant stream, so that the isomer ratio can be adjusted by regulating the division of the educt stream.
- partial isomerization of the chiral centers can take place by forming again the prochiral imino group or the keto group from the amino group.
- the neighboring methyl group can then change its spatial arrangement with respect to the ring plane.
- Further control of the CTV consists in the regulation of the temperature in the first stage of stage I.
- the conversion of the reactant stream in the first stage of stage I is ultimately controlled.
- the higher the conversion in stage I or the first stage of stage I the higher the proportion of the kinetically preferred product in the product stream.
- the basicity of the reaction mixture is increased during the reaction of CHNI with ammonia and hydrogen, in which the reaction mixture is contacted with a basic compound other than ammonia and / or a basic catalyst after a portion of the 3-cyano- cyclohexylimine (CHNI) was reacted.
- CHNI 3-cyano- cyclohexylimine
- the basicity of the reaction mixture containing 3-cyano-cyclohexylimine, ammonia, hydrogen and the hydrogenation catalyst can be increased by bringing the reaction mixture into contact with a basic compound.
- the basicity of the reaction mixture can be increased by adding a basic compound to the reaction mixture.
- the basicity of the reaction mixture can be increased by bringing a basic hydrogenation catalyst into contact with the reaction mixture.
- the basicity of the reaction mixture during the reaction is increased by contacting the reaction mixture with a basic compound after reacting a portion of the 3-cyano-cyclohexylimine.
- the basicity is increased by contacting the reaction mixture with the basic compound after 1 to 95%, preferably 5 to 80% and particularly preferably 10 to 40% of the 3-cyanocyclohexylimine have been reacted in the reaction mixture.
- the reaction mixture Before increasing the basicity, no basic compounds are generally added to the reaction mixture. However, it is possible that the reaction mixture contains small amounts of basic compounds. Preferably, however, the ratio of the mass of the basic compound to the mass of 3-cyano-cyclohexylimine in the reaction mixture before increasing the basicity is less than 100 to 1 000 000, preferably less than 50 to 1 000 000.
- the reaction mixture Prior to increasing the basicity, the reaction mixture is usually contacted with non-basic catalysts.
- the basicity can be increased by contacting the reaction mixture with the basic compound in such a way that the metering of the basic compound between the reactor inlet into which the Cyano cyclohexylimine-containing reactant stream is fed together with ammonia and hydrogen, and the reactor outlet takes place.
- the contacting of the Educt stream with the basic compound does not take place in the context of this particularly preferred embodiment before the reductive amination.
- the reaction is preferably carried out under a high pressure, it is therefore usually necessary to carry out a metering of the basic compound at a high operating pressure in the reactor.
- Suitable technical devices for metering substances under high pressure conditions are known in the art.
- pumps, such as high pressure pumps and piston pumps for metering substances under high pressure conditions can be used.
- the increase in the basicity of the reaction mixture by contacting with a basic catalyst is carried out in such a way that initially the 3-cyanocyclohexylimine-containing educt stream with hydrogen and ammonia via one of the non-basic hydrogenation catalysts described above and below a basic hydrogenation catalyst is passed. This can be realized by coating the catalysts in a suitable manner.
- a basic compound is metered in, since the basic components of the hydrogenation catalyst can be washed out with increasing operating time.
- the reductive amination is carried out in two stages, with the stages usually being carried out in separate reaction spaces, then increasing the basicity of the reaction mixture by contacting the reaction mixture with the basic compound may be preferred by passing between the outlet of stage I and the inlet the stage II is dosed a solution of a basic compound.
- the non-basic hydrogenation catalysts used in step I are the selective hydrogenation catalysts described above. If the stage I of the reductive amination is carried out in two or more partial stages, it is advisable to increase the basicity of the reaction mixture by contacting the reaction mixture with the basic compound after the first stage of stage I.
- the reaction mixture is contacted with the basic compound in which the basic compound is metered in between the output of one component and the input of the subsequent component of the stage I.
- the dosage of the basic compound between the first sub-stage and the second sub-stage of stage I is also possible to meter the basic compound between the exit and the entrance of two arbitrarily consecutive sub-steps.
- the dosage of the basic compound is preferably not before the first stage of Stage I.
- the basicity of the reaction mixture can be increased by contacting it with a basic hydrogenation catalyst in such a way that one of the non-basic hydrogenation catalysts described in the introduction is used in the first or first stages and a basic hydrogenation catalyst is used in one of the following constituent stages , It is also conceivable that in the sub-stages one
- the increase in the basicity of the reaction mixture should be carried out by contacting the reaction mixture with a basic compound and / or a basic hydrogenation catalyst prior to stage II.
- a basic compound and / or a basic hydrogenation catalyst prior to stage II.
- the present invention also relates to the use of 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine as a curing agent for epoxy resins, as an intermediate in the preparation of Diisocyanates, as starters in the production of polyetherols and / or as a monomer for the polyamide production.
- 3-Aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine is a cycloaliphatic amine which, in contrast to IPDA, carries no further alkyl substituents on the aliphatic ring.
- 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine is an alternative curing agent for epoxy resins, which, due to its different structure and the associated different physical and chemical properties, offers new possibilities in the formulation and processing of epoxy resins and for the regulation of the property spectrum of epoxy resins can be.
- 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine has altered solubility and thus different phase behavior to other epoxy resin components, for example, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA), thus allowing greater flexibility in the process Formulation of epoxy resins.
- DGEBA diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A
- 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine has a low viscosity, which also favors the production of larger moldings or finer structures.
- 3-Aminomethyl-i-cyclohexylamine can also be used as an intermediate in the preparation of 3-isocyanatomethylcyclohexylisocyanate of the formula (IV)
- This diisocyanate is suitable for the production of light-resistant polyurethanes, for example as a lacquer or coating, and because of its structure offers new formulation options and thus access to new, interesting property profiles.
- 3-Aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine can also be used as a starter in the preparation of polyetherols.
- 3-Aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine is a CH-acidic compound which can be deprotonated with a base and can be added to the following alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide.
- Acoxylated diamines can be used, for example, as catalysts in PU production.
- 3-aminomethyl-i-cyclohexylamine can be used as a monomer in the preparation of polyamides.
- 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine can be converted into polymers with dicarboxylic acids, such as, for example, succinic acid, adipic acid, terephthalic acid and / or phthalic acid.
- dicarboxylic acids such as, for example, succinic acid, adipic acid, terephthalic acid and / or phthalic acid.
- the 3-aminomethyl-i-cyclohexylamine has no Alklysubstituenten, can be regulated by the use of 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine the crystallinity and / or the glass transition temperature of the polyamides in the desired manner.
- the CTV can be regulated by adjusting the reaction conditions.
- high CTVs can be achieved.
- the illustrated method can be operated with a high space-time yield.
- the formation of troublesome by-products, especially dimers, is avoided as far as possible.
- a special feature of the process is the achievement of the highest possible nitrile conversion or degree of saturation of the reaction product, since for optimal properties in polymers no nitrilamines, aminoimines and olefin radicals may be present. Partially saturated compounds are usually difficult to separate from saturated ones.
- 3-Aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamines can be used in the preparation of polymeric materials, such as epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyesters, etc., to increase the profile of properties of these polymer materials, for example with regard to weather resistance, hydrolysis resistance, chemical resistance, light resistance, electrical and mechanical properties to regulate and thus allows greater variation in the formulation of these materials.
- the method according to the invention should provide a cycloaliphatic diamine which has a different viscosity or solubility compared to IPDA and thus a different phase behavior to other epoxy resin components, for example diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) to allow greater flexibility in the formulation of epoxy resins.
- DGEBA diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A
- the crude reaction mixture was transferred to a distillation apparatus (500 ml three-necked flask, column head, boiling capillary, heater, 10 cm Vigreux column) and distilled. At 0.1 mbar, the product passed over at 108-112 ° C. GC analysis of the fractions gave a total yield of 160.7 g (87.7% yield based on HCN), taking into account the product content of the individual fractions and a distillation yield of 98.3 g (61%). The distilled product had a purity of 96%.
- the apparatus used consisted of 8 series connected tube reactors.
- the dimension of the first two tubes (C1-C2) was 1500x6x1 mm.
- the dimension of the 6 further tubes (C3-C8) was 2000x8x1, 5 mm.
- the first two reactors (C1-C2) were filled with 15.7 g TiÜ2 strands with a diameter of 1, 5 mm, the remaining 6 reactors were each with about 85 g of a hydrogenation catalyst (Mn 3 O 4 5-6.2 % Na 2 O 0-0.5%, H 3 PO 4 2.8-3.8%, balance Co + CoO), which was reduced with hydrogen at 280 bar 0 C at a pressure of 1 for 24 hours.
- a hydrogenation catalyst Mn 3 O 4 5-6.2 % Na 2 O 0-0.5%, H 3 PO 4 2.8-3.8%, balance Co + CoO
- the temperature of the first two reactors C1-C2 was set at 60 ° C.
- the temperature of the reactors C3-C4 was 90 ° C
- the temperature of the reactors C5-C6 was 115 ° C
- the temperature of the reactors C7-C8 was set to 130 0 C.
- Hydrogen was fed under pressure into the reaction mixture between reactors C2 and C3. The operating pressure was 230 bar.
- the mixture of isomeric diamines was characterized by GC-MS, NMR and elemental analysis.
- m / z (%) 18 (5), 27 (5), 28 (14), 29 (7), 30 (59), 39 (9), 41 (15), 42 (13), 43 (48 ), 44 (17), 53 (5), 54 (12), 55 (11), 56 (100), 57 (15), 58 (9), 67 (23), 68 (11), 69 ( 17), 70 (18), 71 (3), 77 (4), 79 (6), 80 (3), 81 (9), 82 (28), 83 (9), 85 (4), 94 ( 3), 96 (8), 98 (79), 99 (36), 1 10 (6), 1 11 (19), 1 12 (3)
- m / z (%) 18 (4), 27 (6), 28 (14), 29 (7), 30 (61), 39 (10), 41 (16), 42 (15), 43 (45 ), 44 (12), 53 (6), 54 (11), 55 (11), 56 (100), 57 (32), 58 (9), 67 (20), 68 (11), 69 ( 20), 70 (18), 71 (3), 77 (4), 79 (7), 80 (3), 81 (9), 82 (25), 83 (14), 84 (3), 85 ( 3), 94 (3), 96 (10), 98 (68), 99 (22), 1 10 (7), 1 11 (41), 1 12 (5) To determine the elemental analyzes, a Vario El III analyzer from Elementar was used.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/055,595 US20110124919A1 (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2009-07-13 | 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamine, and method for the production thereof |
| JP2011519115A JP2011529027A (ja) | 2008-07-25 | 2009-07-13 | 3−アミノメチル−1−シクロヘキシルアミン、及びその製造方法 |
| EP09780486A EP2310354A2 (de) | 2008-07-25 | 2009-07-13 | 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamin und ein verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
| CN2009801291266A CN102105434A (zh) | 2008-07-25 | 2009-07-13 | 3-氨基甲基-1-环己基胺及其生产方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08161177 | 2008-07-25 | ||
| EP08161177.4 | 2008-07-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010009994A2 true WO2010009994A2 (de) | 2010-01-28 |
| WO2010009994A3 WO2010009994A3 (de) | 2010-03-25 |
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ID=41347863
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2009/058887 Ceased WO2010009994A2 (de) | 2008-07-25 | 2009-07-13 | 3-aminomethyl-1-cyclohexylamin und ein verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110124919A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2310354A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2011529027A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102105434A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010009994A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014118121A1 (de) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-08-07 | Basf Se | 2,6-bis-(aminomethyl)piperidin-derivate |
| EP3255032A1 (de) * | 2016-06-10 | 2017-12-13 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | 2-(3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)propan-1,3-diamin, ein verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101732747B1 (ko) | 2009-03-12 | 2017-05-04 | 바스프 에스이 | 1-아다만틸트리메틸암모늄 히드록시드의 제조 방법 |
| EP2459515B1 (de) * | 2009-07-31 | 2015-08-19 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Verfahren für die reduktive aminierung von aliphtischen cyanoaldehyden zu aliphatischen diaminen |
| CN103097377A (zh) | 2010-07-13 | 2013-05-08 | 阿斯利康(瑞典)有限公司 | N-[2-[[(2,3-二氟苯基)甲基]硫基]-6-{[(1r,2s)-2,3-二羟基-1-甲基丙基]氧基}-4-嘧啶基]-1-氮杂环丁烷磺酰胺的新晶形 |
| ES2861927T3 (es) | 2011-07-12 | 2021-10-06 | Astrazeneca Ab | N-(6-((2R,3S)-3,4-Dihidroxibutan-2-iloxi)-2-(4-fluorobenciltio)pirimidin-4-il)-3-metilacetidina-1-sulfonamida como modulador del receptor de quimiocina |
| CN107406365B (zh) * | 2015-03-09 | 2020-07-14 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 二氨基二环己基甲烷的异构化方法 |
| CN104974045B (zh) * | 2015-05-26 | 2018-03-20 | 岳阳昌德化工实业有限公司 | 一种制备胺类化合物的方法 |
| CN109761855B (zh) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-07-28 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种制备异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的方法 |
| CN115073319B (zh) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-06-25 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种脂环胺同分异构体的改性分离方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3317875A1 (de) * | 1983-05-17 | 1984-11-22 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | 1-alkyl-2-isocyanatomethyl-isocyanato-cyclohexane und/oder 1-alkyl-4-isocyanatomethyl-isocyanato-cyclohexane sowie die entsprechenden diamine, verfahren zu deren herstellung und verwendung |
| JP2825603B2 (ja) * | 1989-04-21 | 1998-11-18 | 三井化学株式会社 | アルキルジアミン類およびその製造法 |
| US5126426A (en) * | 1989-04-21 | 1992-06-30 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated | Alicyclic diamines, alicyclic diisocyanates and polyisocyanato-isocyanurates and method for the preparation thereof |
| DE4010227A1 (de) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-10-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexylamin |
| JP2938171B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-08 | 1999-08-23 | 三井化学株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂組成物 |
| DE4115948A1 (de) * | 1991-05-16 | 1992-11-19 | Basf Lacke & Farben | Ueberzugsmasse, verfahren zur herstellung von ueberzuegen und beschichtetes substrat |
| DE4210311A1 (de) * | 1992-03-30 | 1993-10-07 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aminen aus Azinen |
| DE4325847A1 (de) * | 1993-07-31 | 1995-02-02 | Basf Ag | Kobaltkatalysatoren |
| DE4428004A1 (de) * | 1994-08-08 | 1996-02-15 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aminen |
| ES2169169T3 (es) * | 1995-05-09 | 2002-07-01 | Basf Ag | Catalizadores de cobalto. |
| JPH10204040A (ja) * | 1997-01-24 | 1998-08-04 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | 脂環式ポリアミン類およびその製造方法 |
| DE19836474A1 (de) * | 1998-08-12 | 2000-02-17 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3-Cyano-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexanon |
| DE10259708A1 (de) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-08 | Basf Ag | Verbesserte Neutralisation von Isophoronnitril-Syntheseausträgen |
| JP2010513396A (ja) * | 2006-12-22 | 2010-04-30 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 3−シアノ−3,5,5−トリメチル−シクロヘキシルイミンの連続的な水素化法 |
| TW200932771A (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-08-01 | Great Eastern Resins Ind Co Ltd | Improved process of preparing high performance waterborne aliphatic-aromatic mixed polyurethanes |
-
2009
- 2009-07-13 CN CN2009801291266A patent/CN102105434A/zh active Pending
- 2009-07-13 JP JP2011519115A patent/JP2011529027A/ja active Pending
- 2009-07-13 EP EP09780486A patent/EP2310354A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-07-13 WO PCT/EP2009/058887 patent/WO2010009994A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-07-13 US US13/055,595 patent/US20110124919A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014118121A1 (de) * | 2013-01-30 | 2014-08-07 | Basf Se | 2,6-bis-(aminomethyl)piperidin-derivate |
| US9695121B2 (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2017-07-04 | Basf Se | 2,6-bis-(aminomethyl)piperidine derivatives |
| EP3255032A1 (de) * | 2016-06-10 | 2017-12-13 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | 2-(3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)propan-1,3-diamin, ein verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung |
| US10160717B2 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2018-12-25 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | 2-(3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)propane-1,3-diamine, a process for its production and use |
| US10252980B1 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2019-04-09 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | 2-(3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)propane-1,3-diamine, a process for its production and use |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2310354A2 (de) | 2011-04-20 |
| CN102105434A (zh) | 2011-06-22 |
| JP2011529027A (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
| US20110124919A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
| WO2010009994A3 (de) | 2010-03-25 |
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