WO2010010476A1 - Method of controlling a variable speed wind turbine generator - Google Patents

Method of controlling a variable speed wind turbine generator Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010010476A1
WO2010010476A1 PCT/IB2009/052947 IB2009052947W WO2010010476A1 WO 2010010476 A1 WO2010010476 A1 WO 2010010476A1 IB 2009052947 W IB2009052947 W IB 2009052947W WO 2010010476 A1 WO2010010476 A1 WO 2010010476A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speed
generator
frequency
limits
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2009/052947
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Melholt Quottrup
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Original Assignee
Vestas Wind Systems AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vestas Wind Systems AS filed Critical Vestas Wind Systems AS
Priority to BRPI0911005A priority Critical patent/BRPI0911005A2/en
Priority to CN200980128794.7A priority patent/CN102105682B/en
Priority to AU2009275236A priority patent/AU2009275236B2/en
Priority to EP09786530A priority patent/EP2307714A1/en
Priority to US13/003,935 priority patent/US9163610B2/en
Publication of WO2010010476A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010010476A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
    • F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0276—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • US 5,729,1 18 discloses a variable speed induction generator-motor with controllable excitation frequency, in which the slip frequency is kept constant during variations of the power grid frequency
  • Fig 1 schematically shows a diagram of the generator speed limits as a function of the deviation in grid frequency ⁇ f in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the method, the deviation in grid grid frequency ⁇ f being defined to be the measured grid frequency minus the nominal grid frequency, and
  • Fig 2 schematically shows a corresponding diagram of the generator speed limit as a function of the deviation in grid frequency ⁇ f in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • the aim of the present invention is to perform a dynamic correction or adjustment of the upper and lower limits for the generator speed in accordance with deviations in the grid frequency
  • such dynamical correction of the maximum and minimum speed for the generator can be performed in different intervals
  • the maximum and minimum speed for the generator is set to fixed values, as long as the deviation from the nominal frequency is less than ⁇ 1 %, corresponding to the interval 49 5 Hz to 50 5 Hz or 59 4 Hz to 60 6 Hz 1 respectively, for a 50 Hz and 60 Hz nominal grid frequency, respectively
  • the purpose of this deadband is to avoid corrections as long as the frequency deviations are insignificant and only perform corrections when the frequency deviations are extreme
  • the upper speed limit is furthermore fixedly limited to 1680 rpm in order to avoid overspeeding This can be seen as the horizontal part of the upper limit above approx 1 2 Hz deviation in grid frequency.
  • this upper limit may be expanded below a deviation of approx approx -1.8 Hz to a generator speed of 1580 rpm This fixation of the upper limit at approx. 1580 rpm is introduced in order to prevent the generator torque from increasing significantly at a negative deviation in the grid frequency
  • Fig. 1 indicates a constant percentage deviation from the synchronous speed calculated based on the deviating grid frequency
  • the upper and lower speed limits for the generator may be as shown in Fig. 2, where the rotational speed of the generator is kept below the calculated synchronous speed minus 2.3% for frequency deviations between -3.6 Hz and -0 6 Hz and kept below synchronous speed -2.3% for deviations in grid frequency between
  • the lower limit for the generator speed is, as also shown in Fig. 1 above, -16.7% of calculated synchronous speed for the intervals of grid frequency deviation between -6% and -1% and between +1% and +6%, and nominal synchronous speed minus 16 7% at grid frequency deviation between -1 % and + 1 %
  • the stator of the generator can be connected to the power grid in two different configurations, star and delta configuration Different restrictions apply to both speed and power in these two configurations, and examples of this can be seen in Figs 1 and 2, where, as typically found, the maximum speed limit will be identical for star and delta configuration, respectively, whereas the minimum speed limit will be lower for delta configuration than for star configuration, as indicated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

In a method of controlling a variable speed wind turbine generator connected to a power grid and comprising means for controlling the generator speed, said method comprises the steps of - measuring the frequency f of the power grid, - controlling the speed of the generator for optimizing the power delivered to the power grid, - setting limits for the generator speed. The setting of the limits for the generator speed is performed in dependency of the measured frequency of the power grid. This provides a dynamical set of limits providing improved possibilities of optimizing the power production.

Description

METHOD OF CONTROLLING A VARIABLE SPEED WIND TURBINE GENERATOR
Technical field The present invention relates to variable speed wind turbine generators connected to the power grid and more specifically to the control of such wind turbine generators when the power grid frequency deviates from the nominal frequency
Background art
Typically, such wind turbines have been controlied in generator speed to deliver maximum power to the power grid and certain fixed maximum and minimum speed limits have been imposed in order to limit the load on the turbine components, e g the converter, drive train, generator, etc
US 5,729,1 18 discloses a variable speed induction generator-motor with controllable excitation frequency, in which the slip frequency is kept constant during variations of the power grid frequency
Disclosure of the invention
Based on this prior art it is the object of the present invention to provide a method of controlling a variable speed wind turbine generator with which it is possible to optimize the power generation by optimizing the generator speed Preferably, the generator speed is controlled in dependency of the wind speed, and the control is performed by pitch control of the wind turbine blades Furthermore, it is desirable to be able to set dynamical limits to the generator speed, said dynamical limits taking into account the possible variations in the power grid frequency, even at relatively large variations thereof This object is achieved by a method of said kind, which according to the present invention also comprises the features set forth in the characterising part of claim 1 With this arrangement the limits for the speed of the generator are dynamically adapted to the frequency of the power grid, whereby the optimization of the power delivery from the generator is subjected to appropriate limits during periods of varying power grid frequencies Preferred embodiments of the method, the advantages of which will be evident from the following detailed description of the invention, are revealed in the subordinate claims
Brief description of the drawings in the following detailed part of the present description, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments of a method according to the invention with reference to the drawing, in which
Fig 1 schematically shows a diagram of the generator speed limits as a function of the deviation in grid frequency Δf in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the method, the deviation in grid grid frequency Δf being defined to be the measured grid frequency minus the nominal grid frequency, and
Fig 2 schematically shows a corresponding diagram of the generator speed limit as a function of the deviation in grid frequency Δf in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention
Description of the preferred embodiments
As indicated above, the aim of the present invention is to perform a dynamic correction or adjustment of the upper and lower limits for the generator speed in accordance with deviations in the grid frequency As indicated in the accompanying figures, such dynamical correction of the maximum and minimum speed for the generator can be performed in different intervals As shown in Fig. 1 , the maximum and minimum speed for the generator is set to fixed values, as long as the deviation from the nominal frequency is less than ± 1 %, corresponding to the interval 49 5 Hz to 50 5 Hz or 59 4 Hz to 60 6 Hz1 respectively, for a 50 Hz and 60 Hz nominal grid frequency, respectively The purpose of this deadband is to avoid corrections as long as the frequency deviations are insignificant and only perform corrections when the frequency deviations are extreme
For the 50 Hz generator, typical values for the fixed values of the upper and lower limits would be synchronous speed, e.g 1500 rpm, plus 12% and minus 16,7%, respectively As can be seen in Fig 1, the upper speed limit is furthermore fixedly limited to 1680 rpm in order to avoid overspeeding This can be seen as the horizontal part of the upper limit above approx 1 2 Hz deviation in grid frequency. Furthermore, as again seen in Fig 1 , this upper limit may be expanded below a deviation of approx approx -1.8 Hz to a generator speed of 1580 rpm This fixation of the upper limit at approx. 1580 rpm is introduced in order to prevent the generator torque from increasing significantly at a negative deviation in the grid frequency
For the lower speed limit, Fig. 1 indicates a constant percentage deviation from the synchronous speed calculated based on the deviating grid frequency Thus, the lower limit, apart from the interval from 49,5 to 50 5 Hz, is limited to the calculated synchronous speed based on the deviating grid frequency minus 16J%.
!n certain types of wind turbines, it is preferred to operate the speed of the generator below synchronous speed, Le operating sub-synchronously, at all times The reason for this may be different, e.g. due to the fact that the possible back-to-back converter connected between the rotor windings and the grid, can be constructed to only deliver power in one direction.
!n this situation, the upper and lower speed limits for the generator may be as shown in Fig. 2, where the rotational speed of the generator is kept below the calculated synchronous speed minus 2.3% for frequency deviations between -3.6 Hz and -0 6 Hz and kept below synchronous speed -2.3% for deviations in grid frequency between
-0 6 Hz and +3 6 Hz The lower limit for the generator speed is, as also shown in Fig. 1 above, -16.7% of calculated synchronous speed for the intervals of grid frequency deviation between -6% and -1% and between +1% and +6%, and nominal synchronous speed minus 16 7% at grid frequency deviation between -1 % and + 1 %
The stator of the generator can be connected to the power grid in two different configurations, star and delta configuration Different restrictions apply to both speed and power in these two configurations, and examples of this can be seen in Figs 1 and 2, where, as typically found, the maximum speed limit will be identical for star and delta configuration, respectively, whereas the minimum speed limit will be lower for delta configuration than for star configuration, as indicated.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. Method of controlling a variable speed wind turbine generator connected to a power grid and comprising means for controlling the generator speed, said method comprising the steps of measuring the frequency f of the power grid, controlling the speed of the generator for optimizing the power delivered to the power grid, setting limits for the generator speed, - wherein the setting of the limits for the generator speed is performed in dependency of the measured frequency of the power grid
2. Method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the dependency is set as follows: a) whenever the measured frequency is within predetermined limits, a set of normal, fixed limits for the generator speed is imposed, b) whenever the measured frequency is outside said predetermined limits, the speed limits for the generator are adjusted relative to said fixed limits
3 Method in accordance with claim 2, wherein the dependency, whenever the measured frequency is outside said predetermined limits, is an adjustment of the upper and lower speed limits with the same percentage as the frequency deviation Δf of the grid frequency from the nominal grid frequency
4 Method in accordance with claim 2 or 3, wherein said predetermined limits are provided as a percentage of deviation from the nominal frequency, said percentage of deviation preferably being in the interval ± 0-6%
5 Method in accordance with claim 4, wherein said percentage is ± 1 %
6, Method in accordance with any of the claims 2-5, wherein the set of normal, fixed limits for the generator speed are set to provide an interval surrounding the synchronous speed at nominal frequency 7 Method in accordance with any of the claims 1-6, wherein the generator speed is further limited by a fixed maximum generator speed
8 Method in accordance with any of the ciaims 1-7, wherein the generator is disconnected from the power grid whenever the grid frequency exceed predetermined limits, e g set as a certain percentage deviation from the nominal frequency.
9, Method in accordance with any of the claims 1-8, wherein the generator is disconnected whenever the grid frequency deviates more than a predetermined percentage from the nominal frequency
PCT/IB2009/052947 2008-07-22 2009-07-07 Method of controlling a variable speed wind turbine generator Ceased WO2010010476A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRPI0911005A BRPI0911005A2 (en) 2008-07-22 2009-07-07 "method for controlling a variable speed generator of a wind turbine"
CN200980128794.7A CN102105682B (en) 2008-07-22 2009-07-07 Control the method for variable speed wind turbine generator
AU2009275236A AU2009275236B2 (en) 2008-07-22 2009-07-07 Method of controlling a variable speed wind turbine generator
EP09786530A EP2307714A1 (en) 2008-07-22 2009-07-07 Method of controlling a variable speed wind turbine generator
US13/003,935 US9163610B2 (en) 2008-07-22 2009-07-07 Method of controlling a variable speed wind turbine generator

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13571008P 2008-07-22 2008-07-22
DKPA200801033 2008-07-22
DKPA200801033 2008-07-22
US61/135,710 2008-07-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010010476A1 true WO2010010476A1 (en) 2010-01-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2009/052947 Ceased WO2010010476A1 (en) 2008-07-22 2009-07-07 Method of controlling a variable speed wind turbine generator

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9163610B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2307714A1 (en)
CN (1) CN102105682B (en)
AU (1) AU2009275236B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0911005A2 (en)
WO (1) WO2010010476A1 (en)

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EP2288016A1 (en) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-23 REpower Systems AG Wind energy assembly with adjustable speed characteristics curve

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DK2719893T3 (en) * 2012-10-09 2017-04-03 Alstom Renewable Technologies Method of operating a variable speed wind turbine
KR101318124B1 (en) * 2013-06-24 2013-10-16 전북대학교산학협력단 Inertial control method for wind turbine
EP3516211B1 (en) 2016-09-19 2023-03-01 General Electric Company Wind turbine and method for controlling wind turbine
US11378059B2 (en) 2019-11-11 2022-07-05 General Electric Company System and method for controlling a generator of a wind turbine using electrical current
US11411403B2 (en) * 2020-12-14 2022-08-09 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Controlling power distribution at deadband states
US20260196832A1 (en) * 2022-10-28 2026-07-09 General Electric Renovables España, S.L. System and method for extending the operating speed threshold of a grid-forming inverter-based resource

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110175352A1 (en) 2011-07-21
US9163610B2 (en) 2015-10-20
AU2009275236A1 (en) 2010-01-28
AU2009275236B2 (en) 2014-05-08
EP2307714A1 (en) 2011-04-13
BRPI0911005A2 (en) 2015-10-06
CN102105682B (en) 2015-08-05
CN102105682A (en) 2011-06-22

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