WO2010013618A1 - ワークピースの肥大加工方法 - Google Patents
ワークピースの肥大加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010013618A1 WO2010013618A1 PCT/JP2009/063051 JP2009063051W WO2010013618A1 WO 2010013618 A1 WO2010013618 A1 WO 2010013618A1 JP 2009063051 W JP2009063051 W JP 2009063051W WO 2010013618 A1 WO2010013618 A1 WO 2010013618A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- energy
- alternating
- enlargement
- end portion
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/006—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor using ultrasonic waves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/02—Toothed members; Worms
- F16H55/17—Toothed wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for enlarging and deforming a part of a workpiece made of a plastic material and having an axis, more specifically, a part of the outer surface of the workpiece.
- shaft enlargement processing is known in addition to cutting processing, press processing, die forging processing, or the like (for example, Patent Document 1). reference).
- the processing method disclosed in Patent Document 1 applies bending while applying a compressive force in the axial direction to the shaft member during rotation of the shaft member. Such compression force and bending cause plastic deformation, that is, enlargement of a part of the outer peripheral surface of the shaft member, and form a part of the outer peripheral surface in the enlarged portion.
- the enlargement processing method of Patent Document 1 is based on the mechanism principle of plastic processing. Specifically, during rotation of the shaft member, the shaft member is bent at a bending angle of 3 ° to 6 ° with respect to the axis, and such bending repeatedly applies rotational bending stress to the shaft member. Therefore, the enlargement processing method of Patent Document 1 uses the above-described rotational bending stress as a driving force for enlargement processing, and causes the shaft member to undergo sequential plastic deformation, thereby enlarging a part of the shaft member.
- An object of the present invention is to stably form an enlarged portion on a workpiece without causing buckling of the workpiece, and less energy is required for decomposition of internal energy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for enlarging a workpiece that can reliably avoid fatigue damage of the workpiece.
- the present invention provides an enlargement processing method for generating plastic enlargement deformation on the outer surface of a workpiece made of a plastic material.
- the workpiece has an axis and an enlargement in an unconstrained state on the outer surface. Includes planned area.
- the method of the present invention applies a compressive energy that generates a compressive stress above the initial yield strength to the workpiece, while holding the workpiece and increasing the internal energy of the workpiece, while traversing across the axis.
- the alternating energy only applies repeated stresses that cause elastic deformation of the workpiece as viewed in the transverse direction of the workpiece.
- repeated stresses are sufficient to effectively decompose the internal energy of the workpiece that has been increased by the application of the compression energy described above. Therefore, a part of the decomposition energy obtained from the decomposition of the internal energy is consumed while generating plastic flow in the plastic material forming the workpiece, and thus in the planned enlargement area of the workpiece in the unconstrained state. Plastic enlargement deformation occurs.
- the above-described repetitive stress is maximum at the workpiece axis and zero at the outer periphery of the workpiece. Therefore, the internal energy is decomposed at the workpiece axis, and the plastic flow described above is induced from the workpiece axis. Therefore, if the application of the compression energy and the alternating energy to the workpiece is maintained, the decomposition energy obtained by decomposing the internal energy is consumed, that is, with the help of the decomposition energy, the workpiece is enlarged. Hypertrophic deformation based on the so-called mechanical ratchet phenomenon proceeds sequentially and reliably in the planned area. As a result, the planned enlargement area of the workpiece is formed in a desired enlarged portion.
- compressive energy is a compressive force that compresses a workpiece in one of its axial or radial directions
- alternating energy is defined as a predetermined alternating shear energy per unit volume within the cross section of the workpiece.
- the alternating shear energy is generated by repeatedly displacing the workpiece end portion located on one side of the planned enlargement area in the axial direction of the workpiece, thereby repeatedly generating shear stress on the workpiece or alternating the workpiece. Generated by applying impact torque.
- the aforementioned alternating energy can also be generated by acoustic energy.
- the ultrasonic wave is introduced into the workpiece from the other end of the workpiece with one end of the workpiece closed.
- the outer shape restraining member can be used.
- the outer shape restraining member is disposed so as to surround the planned enlargement area, and the inner surface shape of the outer shape restraining member determines the outer peripheral shape of the enlarged portion obtained by enlarging the planned enlargement area.
- the outer shape restraining member can be used to form the enlarged portion as a bevel gear.
- the outer shape restraining member may be integrally coupled to the enlarged portion, and in this case, the enlarged portion is coupled to the outer shape restraining member by pressure fitting, that is, the enlarged fit.
- the enlargement processing method of the present invention applies compressive energy that generates a compressive stress that is equal to or greater than the initial yield strength to the held workpiece and alternating energy that deforms the workpiece within the elastic limit in the transverse direction of the workpiece.
- compressive energy that generates a compressive stress that is equal to or greater than the initial yield strength to the held workpiece and alternating energy that deforms the workpiece within the elastic limit in the transverse direction of the workpiece.
- the planned enlargement area of the workpiece is stably enlarged and deformed.
- the enlargement processing method of the present invention since a part of the internal energy increased in the workpiece is used for the formation of the enlarged portion, it is possible to reduce the alternating energy required for the promotion of the enlarged deformation and the heat generated due to the enlarged deformation, The temperature rise of the workpiece is effectively suppressed. As a result, according to the enlargement processing method of the present invention, it is possible to perform enlargement processing while preventing thermal deterioration of the workpiece such as blue brittleness without cooling the workpiece, and the workability of enlargement processing can be achieved. Is greatly improved.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the sleeve holder taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5. It is the figure which showed eccentricity of the sleeve holder with respect to a rotating member.
- the processing machine which implements the enlargement processing method of 3rd Example is shown, (A) shows the state of the processing machine before the process of a workpiece, (B) shows the state of the processing machine in the process of processing a workpiece. .
- the processing machine which implements the enlargement processing method of 4th Example is shown, (A) shows the state of the processing machine before the process of a workpiece, (B) shows the state of the processing machine which processing of the workpiece was completed. . It is the figure which showed the mechanism for reciprocatingly rotating the drive member of FIG. It is the figure which showed the end surface of the receiving member of FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing a mechanism for applying impact torque to a workpiece in place of the mechanism of FIG. 9 in order to implement the enlargement processing method of the fifth embodiment. It is the schematic of the processing machine which implements the enlargement processing method of 6th Example. It is the schematic of the processing machine which implements the enlargement processing method of 7th Example.
- the workpiece W is shown as a shaft member made of a plastic material, specifically a metal material.
- the enlargement processing method of the present invention increases the internal energy of the workpiece W by applying a compressive stress equal to or higher than the initial yield strength of the workpiece W as the compression energy to the workpiece W, while crossing the axis of the workpiece W with its axis.
- the alternating energy is suppressed to such an extent that the workpiece W is deformed by applying a repeated stress within the elastic limit to the workpiece W.
- the compression energy is represented by a compression force applied in the axial direction of the workpiece W from both ends of the workpiece W.
- the above-mentioned repeated bending stress becomes maximum at the axis of the workpiece W and becomes zero at the outer periphery of the workpiece W, so that the above plastic flow is induced from the axis of the workpiece W. Therefore, the application of compression energy and alternating energy to the workpiece W is maintained, and the planned enlargement area in which the workpiece W is in an unconstrained state on the outer peripheral surface (in the example of FIG. In the area of planned enlargement, the plastic flow induced from the axis of the workpiece W is promoted with the aid of decomposition energy, which is based on the so-called mechanical ratchet phenomenon Sequentially enlarges and deforms.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B schematically show a processing machine for carrying out the enlargement processing method of the first embodiment.
- the processing machine includes a reference line X and a pair of sleeve holders 1 and 2.
- the sleeve holders 1 and 2 are disposed on the reference line X and are separated from each other along the reference line X.
- the sleeve holder 1 can be rotated around the reference line X and can be tilted on the reference line X, that is, about the tilt center O.
- the processing machine of FIG. 2 can adjust the tilt angle ⁇ and the tilt center O of the sleeve holder 1 with respect to the reference line X, respectively.
- the sleeve holder 2 is rotatably supported around the reference line X, and is movable along the reference line X, that is, can be brought into contact with and separated from the sleeve holder 1. Further, the sleeve holder 2 can receive a predetermined pressing force toward the sleeve holder 1.
- Each of the sleeve holders 1 and 2 has a sleeve hole, and each of the sleeve holes can receive an end portion on a corresponding side of the workpiece W. Both ends of the workpiece W received in the sleeve holes are supported by support members 4 and 5, respectively, and the support members 4 and 5 are respectively disposed in the corresponding sleeve holders 1 and 2. Therefore, the workpiece W is sandwiched between the support members 4 and 5 with its axis line coincident with the reference line X.
- the workpiece W is a solid shaft member made of a metal material.
- FIG. 2A shows an initial state in which the workpiece W is set between the sleeve holders 1 and 2, that is, a state before the workpiece W is enlarged.
- the sleeve holders 1 and 2 are separated from each other by a predetermined distance Lo along the reference line X.
- the expected enlargement area of the workpiece W is defined by the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece W exposed from the sleeve holders 1 and 2 and is in an unconstrained state.
- the tilt center O of the sleeve holder 1 described above is separated from the sleeve holder 1 toward the sleeve holder 2 by a predetermined distance, but exists on the axis of the workpiece W within the planned enlargement area.
- the workpiece W When the application of pressure to the sleeve holder 2 is started from the initial state described above, the workpiece W receives compression energy, that is, compression force in the axial direction thereof. Such a compression force causes the workpiece W to generate a compressive stress that is greater than its initial yield strength, thereby increasing the internal energy of the workpiece W. If rotation of the sleeve holder 1 around the reference line X is started while starting the tilting of the sleeve holder 1 in such a compressed state, the workpiece W rotates about its axis together with the sleeve holders 1 and 2. On the other hand, it is bent from the bending center that coincides with the tilting center O together with the sleeve holder 1. The tilt angle ⁇ of the workpiece W is suppressed so that the bending deformation of the workpiece W is within the elastic limit of deformation.
- compression energy that is, compression force in the axial direction thereof.
- Such a compression force causes the workpiece W to generate a compressive
- the above-described rotation and bending operation of the workpiece W gives a forced displacement to the part of the workpiece W positioned in the sleeve holder 1.
- Such forced displacement generates the above-described alternating energy, specifically, a predetermined alternating shear energy per unit volume, in a cross section orthogonal to the axis (reference line X) of the workpiece W.
- the alternating shear energy repeatedly applies shear stress in the cross section of the workpiece W, and this repeated shear stress decomposes a part of the internal energy of the workpiece W increased by the compression energy.
- the decomposition energy obtained by this decomposition is consumed by inducing a plastic flow of the material from its axis in the workpiece W.
- the pressure applied to the sleeve holder 2 that is, the compression energy (compression force) moves the sleeve holder 2 toward the sleeve holder 1.
- the tilt angle ⁇ of the sleeve holder 1 is gradually reduced.
- the sleeve holder 1 is returned to the reference line X, and the rotation of the sleeve holder 1 is stopped. Thereafter, the processed workpiece W is removed from between the sleeve holders 1 and 2.
- the enlargement deformation of the workpiece W does not appear only in the enlarged portion H, but also occurs in the part of the workpiece W located in the sleeve holders 1 and 2. Therefore, as the workpiece W enlarges, the sleeve holders 1 and 2 firmly hold both ends of the workpiece W. Therefore, the sleeve holders 1 and 2 do not require a special chuck for the workpiece W.
- (A) shows a state in which the number of rotations N of the workpiece W is set when the workpiece W is enlarged while the compressive stress and the tilt angle ⁇ of the workpiece W are set to predetermined values. It represents that the enlargement deformation of the workpiece W progresses as it increases.
- D N / D 0 indicates the enlargement rate of the enlarged portion H described above. That is, D 0 and DN indicate the original outer diameter of the workpiece W and the outer diameter of the enlarged portion H, respectively.
- D N / D 0 can be obtained from the formula described in FIG. 3 (A), and the meanings of the symbols in the formula are as follows.
- ⁇ 0 Average axial strain when the outer diameter of the workpiece W is doubled
- N 0 Rotational time constant
- N 0 * Bending angle dependence coefficient for N 0
- C The axial direction of the workpiece W compressive stress theta: tilt angle alpha 1: tilting angle dependence exponent alpha 2 for N 0: pressurizing pressure stress dependent index for N 0
- FIG. 3 (B) shows the result of FIG. 3 (A) by replacing it with the relationship between the rotation time constant N 0 and the enlargement rate D N / D 0 with the number of rotations of the workpiece W as a parameter.
- FIG. 3C shows the relationship between the inclination angle ⁇ of the workpiece W and the rotation time constant N 0 using the inclined compression stress ⁇ C as a parameter.
- FIG. 3A shows that the enlargement rate D N / D 0 converges to a predetermined value as the number of rotations N increases
- FIG. 3B shows the enlargement rate D N as the rotation time constant N 0 decreases.
- / D 0 represents the increase.
- FIG. 3C in order to achieve the same enlargement rate with the rotation time constant N 0 kept constant, the compressive stress ⁇ C is increased and the tilt angle ⁇ is decreased. You can see that
- the tilting angle of the workpiece W is increased to such an extent that the compressive stress of the workpiece W is greater than its initial yield strength, while the workpiece W undergoes bending deformation within its elastic limit. If ⁇ is limited, the enlarged portion H can be quickly and effectively formed on the workpiece W. That is, as is clear from FIG. 3C, the conventional enlargement processing method disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above uses the compressive stress of the workpiece W as a basic load, and the workpiece W is rotated and bent. The workpiece W is enlarged using the tensile / compressive stress repeatedly applied to the piece W as a driving force for sequential plastic deformation.
- the enlargement processing method of the present invention increases the internal energy accumulated in the workpiece W due to the compressive stress (compression energy) of the workpiece W, while the alternating shear energy generated by the rotational bending of the workpiece W.
- compression energy compressive stress
- alternating shear energy generated by the rotational bending of the workpiece W.
- the tilt angle ⁇ required for the workpiece W is only about 1/10 compared with the conventional method. This means that the workpiece W can be rotated at high speed, and the time required for the enlargement process can also be greatly reduced.
- 4 to 7 schematically show part of a processing machine for carrying out the enlargement processing method of the second embodiment.
- the enlargement processing machine of the second embodiment includes a holding member 6 and a sleeve holder 7 corresponding to the sleeve holders 2 and 1 described above.
- the holding member 6 fixes and holds one end of the workpiece W.
- the workpiece W is a hollow shaft member.
- the sleeve holder 7 holds the other end of the workpiece W.
- the other end of the workpiece W is rotatable relative to the sleeve holder 7.
- the sleeve holder 7 is attached to a disk-shaped rotating member body 8, and the sleeve holder 7 can be eccentric with respect to the axis of the rotating member 8.
- the sleeve holder 7 is slidably fitted in the groove 9 of the rotating member 8, and can be moved along the groove 9 by the feed screw 10.
- the rotary member 8 can tilt with respect to its axis, that is, the axis of the workpiece W.
- the sleeve holder 7 When the workpiece W is held between the holding member 6 and the sleeve holder 7, the sleeve holder 7 is disposed concentrically with the rotating member 8. In this state, both ends of the workpiece W are held by the holding member 6 and the sleeve holder 7, respectively. Thereafter, the sleeve holder 7 is eccentric with respect to the rotating member 8 by a predetermined eccentric amount E while the rotating member 8 is tilted. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, the other end of the workpiece W moves from the position Po positioned concentrically with the rotating member 8 to the eccentric position Pe. Such movement of the other end of the workpiece W bends the end portion We of the workpiece W located on the rotating member 8 side, as indicated by a broken line in FIG. The bending deformation of the workpiece W here is suppressed within its elastic limit, as in the case of the first embodiment.
- the eccentric amount E of the sleeve holder 7 and the tilting angle of the rotating member 8 can be adjusted, even in the case of the processing machine of the second embodiment, the swing angle and swing of the swinging motion during the enlargement process. It is preferable to control the position of the center. Such control of the swing angle and the swing center prevents excessive alternating shear energy from being applied to the workpiece W, while changing the magnitude and distribution of the alternating shear energy according to the size of the enlarged portion to be formed. It is effective in making it suitable.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B schematically show a processing machine for carrying out the enlargement processing method of the third embodiment.
- the processing machine of the third embodiment also includes sleeve holders 11 and 12 corresponding to the sleeve holders 1 and 2 of the first embodiment.
- the workpiece W held by the sleeve holders 11 and 12 is not a shaft member but a belt-like plate material.
- the sleeve holders 11 and 12 each have a rectangular hole that can receive both ends of the workpiece W.
- the sleeve holders 11 and 12 are not rotated around the reference line X, but only the sleeve holder 11 can be tilted alternately around the reference line X.
- Such alternating tilting of the sleeve holder 11 imparts pendulum vibration to the end portion We of the workpiece W.
- This pendulum movement reciprocally tilts the end portion We of the workpiece W in a direction perpendicular to the wide surface of the workpiece W, and applies a forced displacement to the end portion We.
- the end portion We is repeatedly bent in a state limited to deformation within its elastic limit, and repeated shear stress, i.e., alternating shear energy, in the cross section of the workpiece W. Is added.
- repeated shear stress i.e., alternating shear energy
- the alternating shear energy and the compressive stress are the same as those in the above-described embodiment.
- the enlarged portion H is formed in the planned enlarged region of the workpiece W between the sleeve holders 11 and 12.
- the enlarged portion H of the workpiece W is formed as a rib protruding from both surfaces of the workpiece W.
- the tilt angle of the alternating tilt and the position of the tilt center of the sleeve holder 11 are controlled. As a result, excessive alternating shear energy is not added to the workpiece W, and the alternating Appropriate shear energy is achieved.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B schematically show a processing machine for carrying out the enlargement processing method of the fourth embodiment.
- the processing machine of the fourth embodiment includes sleeve holders 21 and 22 corresponding to the sleeve holders 1 and 2 of the first embodiment, respectively.
- the sleeve holder 21 can rotate around the reference line X, while the sleeve holder 22 cannot rotate.
- the workpiece W is a solid shaft member, and both ends of the workpiece W are inserted into the sleeve holders 21 and 22, respectively.
- Support members 23 and 24 are disposed in the sleeve holders 21 and 23, and the support members 23 and 24 have a stepped cylindrical shape. Both ends of the workpiece W are supported by the inner ends of the support members 23, 24, that is, the small diameter ends, whereby the workpiece W is sandwiched between the support members 23, 24.
- a sleeve-shaped spacer 25 is disposed in the sleeve holder 21, and this spacer 25 cooperates with the sleeve holder 21 and surrounds the end portions of the support member 23 and the workpiece W.
- the outer end of the support member 23, that is, the large-diameter end thereof is connected to a drive member 36.
- the drive member 36 has a cylindrical shape and is disposed outside the sleeve holder 21.
- the drive member 26 has an outer end surface located on the side opposite to the sleeve holder 21, and a protrusion 27 is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the outer end surface.
- the protrusion 27 protrudes along the reference line X and is formed in a fan shape as is apparent from FIG.
- the protrusion 27 is fitted to one end of the crank link 28, and the other end of the crank link 28 is connected to one end of the connecting rod 29.
- the other end of the connecting rod 29 is eccentrically attached to the output shaft 30d of the motor 30 with a reduction gear.
- the rotation of the motor 30 is transmitted to the drive member 26 via the connecting rod 29, the crank link 28, and the protrusion 27, and Converted to reciprocating swing motion.
- the drive member 26 reciprocates the support member 23 within a predetermined angle range centered on the reference line X.
- a plurality of teeth 31 are formed on the inner end surfaces of the support members 23 and 24, and these teeth 31 are spaced at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the corresponding inner end surfaces. Has been placed.
- the teeth 31 of the support members 23 and 24 correspond to the corresponding side. Bite into the end face of the workpiece W. Therefore, the support members 23 and 24 are integrally coupled to the workpiece W. Both end surfaces of the workpiece W are preferably rough surfaces that have been cut. In this case, the biting of the teeth 31 into both end faces of the workpiece W becomes deeper, and the support members 23 and 24 can firmly hold the workpiece W.
- the end portion of the workpiece W in the support member 24 is not rotatable, and the support members 23 and 24 are integrally coupled to the workpiece W. Further, the above-described applied pressure is applied to the workpiece W. A compressive stress greater than the initial yield strength is generated. In this state, when a reciprocating swing motion is applied to the support member 23, the reciprocating swing motion imparts an alternating twist (arc) motion about the axis to the end portion of the workpiece W on the sleeve holder 21 side. Therefore, the workpiece W is given a forced displacement within its elastic limit.
- the alternating twisting motion described above imparts alternating shear energy in the transverse direction of the workpiece W, and this alternating shear energy propagates in the workpiece W. Therefore, a shearing stress is repeatedly applied in the cross section of the planned enlargement area of the workpiece W between the sleeve holders 21 and 22. As a result, as in the case of the above-described embodiment, the planned enlargement area of the workpiece W is enlarged and deformed based on the mechanical ratchet phenomenon, and an enlarged portion H as shown in FIG. Is done.
- the twist angle of the workpiece W is controlled to prevent generation of excessive alternating shear energy with respect to the workpiece W and to optimize the alternating shear energy.
- an alternating shear energy per unit volume is generated in the workpiece W by applying a forced displacement to the end portion of the workpiece W.
- FIG. 12 shows a part of a processing machine for carrying out the enlargement processing method of the fifth embodiment, and this processing machine applies an alternating impact torque to the workpiece W.
- the processing machine of the fifth embodiment is different from the processing machine of the fourth embodiment only in that play, that is, a gap G is secured between the projection 27 of the drive member 26 and the crank link 28. To do. Therefore, when the crank link 28 is reciprocally swinged, the crank link 28 can apply an alternating impact torque to the drive member 26, that is, the workpiece W via the protrusion 27.
- Such an alternating impact torque generates an alternating torsional shear stress wave (alternating shear energy) on the cross section of the workpiece W.
- a torsional shear stress wave propagates in the workpiece W, and forms an enlarged portion in the enlarged processing area of the workpiece W based on the mechanical ratchet phenomenon as in the case of the above-described embodiment.
- FIG. 13 shows a processing machine for carrying out the enlargement processing method of the sixth embodiment.
- the processing machine shown in FIG. 13 includes a vibration generator 32, and this vibration generator 32 imparts bending or twisting vibration to the cross section of the workpiece W.
- Such bending or twisting vibrations can also generate alternating torsional shear stress waves (alternating shear energy) in the workpiece W.
- the processing machine of FIG. 13 can also form an enlarged portion on the workpiece W based on the mechanical ratchet phenomenon as in the case of the above-described embodiment.
- a processing machine that performs the enlargement processing method of the seventh embodiment includes a closing plate 34 that closes one end of the workpiece W, and a source of acoustic energy disposed on the other end side of the workpiece W, specifically, A sound wave generator 33.
- the ultrasonic generator 33 introduces ultrasonic waves into the workpiece W from the other end of the workpiece W. Since the introduced ultrasonic wave is a kind of vibration energy, the ultrasonic wave propagates in the hollow of the workpiece W and applies a predetermined alternating shear energy per unit volume in the cross section of the workpiece W. Therefore, the processing machine of FIG. 14 can also form a hypertrophic deformation in the planned enlargement area of the hollow workpiece W based on the mechanical ratchet phenomenon as in the case of the above-described embodiment.
- FIG. 15 shows a processing machine for carrying out the enlargement processing method of the eighth embodiment.
- the processing machine of FIG. 15 is different only in that it further includes an outer shape restraining member 35 when compared with the processing machines of the first to sixth embodiments.
- the outer shape restraining member 35 is a female-type mold, and has an inner shape of a polygon, an internal tooth shape or a stepped shape. Such an outer shape restraining member 35 is arranged so as to surround the planned enlargement area of the workpiece W.
- the enlarged portion is formed on the workpiece W in the outer shape restraining member 35, and the outer shape of the enlarged portion is determined by the inner surface shape of the outer shape restraining member 35. That is, the enlarged portion has an outer surface shape that matches the inner surface shape of the outer shape restraining member 35. Therefore, the enlarged portion is formed into an arbitrary final shape such as a polygon, a gear, or a stepped shape, and post-processing for the enlarged portion is not necessary.
- the outer shape restraining member 35 When the outer shape restraining member 35 is used as a female type mold, such a mold is subjected to a hardening process such as quenching in order to prevent its wear and plastic deformation. For this reason, when corners exist on the inner surface of the mold, cracks may occur in the mold due to stress concentration on the corners during the enlargement of the workpiece W.
- the outer shape restraining member 35 has six circular holes 36 and radial slits 37 on the inner surface as shown in FIG. including. Each radial slit 37 has one end opening at the corresponding corner of the hexagonal hole and the other end connected to the circular hole 36. Such a circular hole 36 and slit 37 reliably prevent cracking of the outer shape restraining member 35 due to stress concentration.
- FIG. 17 shows an enlarged portion formed on the workpiece W using the forming die, that is, a bevel gear.
- the outer shape restraining member 35 may be integrally coupled with the enlarged portion of the workpiece W.
- the enlarged portion between the outer shape restraining member 35 and the workpiece W realizes an enlarged fit which is a kind of pressure fit.
- the present invention is not limited to the first to eighth embodiments described above.
- the workpiece is not limited to a shaft member or a plate material, and can have various shapes.
- the alternating energy to be applied to the workpiece can also be obtained by a combination of the forced displacement disclosed in the first to seventh embodiments and vibration or acoustic energy.
- the compression energy to be applied to the workpiece can also be obtained by pressing the workpiece in its radial direction.
- a hollow tube member is used for the workpiece, and a female-type mold, specifically, a rack tooth is formed on a part of the outer peripheral surface of such a workpiece.
- the mold for pressing is pressed. That is, the mold applies compressive energy in the radial direction to the workpiece.
- the above-described alternating twisting motion that is, alternating shear energy is applied to the workpiece, the enlarged portion of the workpiece grows in the mold, and the workpiece is formed in the rack.
- the center of the tilting motion, the swing motion, or the pendulum motion applied to the workpiece W described above is not necessarily positioned within the planned enlargement area.
- the tilt center O of the workpiece W can be positioned in one sleeve holder.
- the workpiece W is not limited to a metal material, and may be formed from a non-metallic material such as a ceramic sintered body, and it is only necessary that the workpiece W be plastically deformable.
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Abstract
Description
それ故、上述の肥大加工中、軸部材が上述の曲げ角度よりも大きく曲げられたとき、この曲げを受ける軸部材の部位は軸部材本来の軸線から大きく逸れるので、軸部材に座屈を招き易く、軸部材に肥大部を安定して加工することは難しい。
従って、ワークピースに対する前述の圧縮エネルギ及び交番エネルギの付与が維持されていれば、内部エネルギを分解して得た分解エネルギを消費しながら、つまり、分解エネルギの助けを借りて、ワークピースの肥大予定域にいわゆるメカニカルラチェット現象に基づく肥大変形が逐次的且つ確実に進行する。この結果、ワークピースの肥大予定域は所望の肥大部に形成される。
交番剪断エネルギは、ワークピースの軸線方向でみて肥大予定域の片側に位置付けられたワークピースの端部分を強制変位させることにより、ワークピースに繰り返し剪断応力を発生させるか、又は、ワークピースに交番衝撃トルクを付与することにより発生される。
一方、肥大予定域を肥大変形させるとき、外形拘束部材を使用することができる。この外形拘束部材は肥大予定域を囲んで配置され、この外形拘束部材の内面形状は肥大予定域を肥大加工して得られた肥大部の外周形状を決定する。例えば、外形拘束部材は、肥大部を傘歯車として形成するために使用できる。また、外形拘束部材は肥大部と一体的に結合されてよく、この場合、肥大部は外形拘束部材に圧力ばめ、即ち、肥大ばめによって結合される。
加工機は基準線Xと、一対のスリーブホルダ1,2とを含み、これらスリーブホルダ1,2は基準線X上に配置され、基準線Xに沿って互いに離間している。スリーブホルダ1は基準線Xの回りに回転可能であるとともに、基準線X上の、即ち、傾動中心Oを中心として傾動可能である。更に、図2の加工機は、基準線Xに対するスリーブホルダ1の傾動角θ及び傾動中心Oをそれぞれ調整可能である。
スリーブホルダ1,2はスリーブ孔をそれぞれ有し、これらスリーブ孔はワークピースWの対応する側の端部をそれぞれ受入れ可能である。これらスリーブ孔内に受け入れられたワークピースWの両端は支持部材4,5によりそれぞれ支持され、これら支持部材4,5は対応するスリーブホルダ1,2内にそれぞれ配置されている。それ故、ワークピースWはその軸線が基準線Xに一致した状態で支持部材4,5間に挟み込まれている。本実施例の場合、ワークピースWは金属材料からなる中実の軸部材である。
前述したスリーブホルダ1の傾動中心Oはスリーブホルダ1からスリーブホルダ2側に所定の距離だけ離れているが、肥大予定域内におけるワークピースWの軸線上に存在する。
交番剪断エネルギはワークピースWの横断面内に繰り返し剪断応力を加え、この繰り返し剪断応力は、前述の圧縮エネルギにより増大されたワークピースWの内部エネルギの一部を分解する。この分解により得られた分解エネルギはワークピースW内にその軸芯からの材料の塑性流動を誘発させることによって消費される。
この後、上述の肥大部Hが所望の直径を有するカラーに成長し、且つ、スリーブホルダ1,2間の間隔がLoからLまで減少したとき、スリーブホルダ1の傾動角θは徐々に減少されながら、スリーブホルダ1は基準線X上に戻され、そして、スリーブホルダ1の回転が停止される。この後、加工済みのワークピースWはスリーブホルダ1,2間から取り外される。
ε0:ワークピースWの外径が2倍に肥大したときの平均軸方向歪み
N0:回転時定数
N0 *:N0のための曲げ角度依存係数
σC:ワークピースWの軸線方向の圧縮応力
θ:傾動角
α1:N0のための傾動角依存指数
α2:N0のための加圧応力依存指数
図3(A)は、回転回数Nの上昇に連れて肥大率DN/D0が所定の値に収束すること、図3(B)は回転時定数N0が小さい程、肥大率DN/D0が増大することを表している。そして、図3(C)から明らかなように、回転時定数N0を一定にした状態で、同一の肥大率を達成するには、圧縮応力σCを大きくし、且つ、傾動角θを小さくすればよいことが分かる。
即ち、図3(C)から明らかなように、前述した特許文献1に開示された従来の肥大加工方法は、ワークピースWの圧縮応力を基本負荷とし、且つ、ワークピースWの回転曲げによってワークピースWに繰り返して加えられる引張・圧縮応力を逐次的な塑性変形の駆動力として、ワークピースWの肥大加工を行う。
図4~図7は、第2実施例の肥大加工方法を実施するための加工機の一部をそれぞれ概略的に示す。
この強制変位は、スリーブホルダ7の偏心量Eに応じてワークピースWの端部分Weを繰り返して曲げ、ワークピースWの横断面内に繰り返し剪断応力、即ち、交番剪断エネルギを発生させる。それ故、ワークピースWの肥大予定域は前述した第1実施例の場合と同様な原理に基づいて肥大変形し、これにより、肥大予定域に肥大部が形成される。
第3実施例の加工機もまた、第1実施例のスリーブホルダ1,2に対応するスリーブホルダ11,12を備えている。しかしながら、スリーブホルダ11,12が保持するワークピースWは軸部材ではなく、帯状の板材である。
詳しくは、スリーブホルダ11,12はワークピースWの両端部を受け入れ可能な矩形の孔をそれぞれ有する。スリーブホルダ11,12は基準線Xの回りに回転されるのではなく、スリーブホルダ11のみが基準線Xを中心として交番的に傾動可能である。このようなスリーブホルダ11の交番的な傾動は、ワークピースWの端部分Weに振り子振動を付与する。この振り子運動はワークピースWの広い面と直交する方向にワークピースWの端部分Weを往復的に傾動させ、端部分Weに強制変位を与える。
第4実施例の加工機は、第1実施例のスリーブホルダ1,2に対応するスリーブホルダ21,22をそれぞれ備えている。スリーブホルダ21は基準線Xの回りに回転可能であるのに対し、スリーブホルダ22は回転不能である。
更に、図11に示されているように支持部材23,24の内端面には複数の歯31が形成されており、これらの歯31は対応する内端面の周方向に等間隔を存して配置されている。
前述した第1~第4実施例は何れも、ワークピースWの端部分に強制変位を与えることで、ワークピースWに単位体積当たりの交番剪断エネルギを発生させている。しかしながら、本発明は、ワークピースWの端部分を強制変位させる代わりに、ワークピースWの端部分に交番剪断エネルギとして交番衝撃トルクを加えることでも、メカニカルラチェット現象に基づきワークピースWの肥大予定域を肥大変形させることができる。
それ故、クランクリンク28が往復スイング運動されたとき、クランクリンク28は突起27を介して駆動部材26、即ち、ワークピースWに交番衝撃トルクを加えることができる。
更に、図15は、第8実施例の肥大加工方法を実施するための加工機を示す。図15の加工機は、第1~第6実施例の加工機と対比したとき、外形拘束部材35を更に含んでいる点でのみ相違する。
更に、外形拘束部材35はワークピースWの肥大部と一体に結合されてもよい。この場合、外形拘束部材35とワークピースWの間の肥大部は圧力ばめの一種である肥大ばめを実現する。
例えば、ワークピースは軸部材や板材に限られるものではなく、種々の形状を有することができる。また、ワークピースに加えられるべき交番エネルギは、第1~第7実施例に開示された強制変位と、振動又は音響のエネルギとの組み合わせによって得ることも可能である。
この状態で、ワークピースに前述した交番捻り運動、即ち、交番剪断エネルギが加えられれば、ワークピースの肥大部が成形型内にて成長し、ワークピースはラックに形成される。
更にまた、ワークピースWは金属材料に限らず、セラミック焼結体等の非金属材料から形成されていてもよく、要は塑性変形可能であればよい。
最後に、図示された加工機に種々な変更を加えることも勿論可能である。
4,5 支持部材
6 保持部材
7 スリーブホルダ
8 回転部材
9 溝
10 送りねじ
11,12 スリーブホルダ
21,22 スリーブホルダ
23,24 支持部材
25 スペーサ
26 駆動部材
30 モータ
32 振動発生器
33 超音波発生器
34 閉塞板
35 外形拘束部材
H 肥大部
W ワークピース
X 基準線
Claims (15)
- 塑性材料からなるワークピースの外面に塑性的な肥大変形を発生させる肥大加工方法であって、前記ワークピースは軸線と、前記外面に非拘束状態の肥大予定域を含む、前記方法は、
前記ワークピースを保持し、
前記ワークピースの内部エネルギを増大させるべく、前記ワークピースに初期降伏強度以上の圧縮応力を発生させる圧縮エネルギを加える一方、前記軸線と交差する横断方向に前記ワークピースをその弾性限度内にて変形させる交番エネルギを加え、これにより、
前記交番エネルギは、前記圧縮エネルギにより増加された前記内部エネルギの一部を分解して消費しながら、前記肥大予定域を塑性的に肥大変形させる。 - 前記圧縮エネルギは、前記ワークピースをその軸線方向又は径方向の一方に圧縮する圧縮力である、請求項1の方法。
- 前記交番エネルギは、前記ワークピースの横断面内に単位体積当たり所定の交番剪断エネルギとして加えられる、請求項2の方法。
- 前記交番剪断エネルギは、前記軸線方向でみて前記肥大予定域の片側に位置付けられた前記ワークピースの端部分を強制変位させることにより、前記ワークピースに繰り返し剪断応力を発生させる、請求項3の加工方法。
- 前記端部分の強制変位は、前記ワークピースをその軸線回りに回転させる回転と、前記軸線上に曲げ中心を有する前記端部分の曲げとの組み合わせにより発生される、請求項4の方法。
- 前記肥大予定域が肥大変形される過程にて、前記端部分の曲げ角及び曲げ中心の位置は、前記交番剪断エネルギの過度な付与を阻止すべく制御される、請求項5の方法。
- 前記端部分の強制変位は前記端部分の首振り旋回運動によって発生され、この首振り旋回運動は前記軸線上に中心を有する、請求項4の方法。
- 前記端部分の強制変位は前記端部分の振り子運動によって発生され、この振り子運動は前記軸線に中心を有する、請求項4の方法。
- 前記端部分の強制変位は、前記軸線を中心とした前記端部分の交番捻り運動によって発生される、請求項4の方法。
- 前記交番剪断エネルギは、前記ワークピースに交番衝撃トルクを付与することにより発生される、請求項3の方法。
- 前記交番剪断エネルギは、前記ワークピースに曲げ又は捻りの振動を付与することにより発生される、請求項3の方法。
- 前記ワークピースが中空の管部材である場合、前記交番エネルギは、前記ワークピースの一端を閉塞した状態で、前記ワークピースの他端から前記ワークピース内に導入した音響エネルギにより発生される、請求項2の加工方法。
- 前記肥大予定域は外形拘束部材により囲まれ、この外形拘束部材の内面形状は前記肥大予定域を肥大加工して得られた肥大部の外周形状を決定する、請求項1の方法。
- 前記外形拘束部材は肥大部を傘歯車に形成する、請求項13の方法。
- 前記外形拘束部材は前記肥大部と一体的に結合される、請求項13の方法。
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| JP2011156568A (ja) * | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-18 | Neturen Co Ltd | ワークピースに対する軸肥大加工方法 |
| JP2024059985A (ja) * | 2017-11-01 | 2024-05-01 | 高周波熱錬株式会社 | 軸肥大加工の加工条件設定方法、軸肥大加工方法及び軸肥大加工装置 |
| JP7663734B2 (ja) | 2017-11-01 | 2025-04-16 | 高周波熱錬株式会社 | 軸肥大加工の加工条件設定方法、軸肥大加工方法及び軸肥大加工装置 |
| JP2025094267A (ja) * | 2017-11-01 | 2025-06-24 | 高周波熱錬株式会社 | 軸肥大加工の加工条件設定方法、軸肥大加工方法及び軸肥大加工装置 |
| JP7847253B2 (ja) | 2017-11-01 | 2026-04-16 | 高周波熱錬株式会社 | 軸肥大加工の加工条件設定方法、軸肥大加工方法及び軸肥大加工装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20110026505A (ko) | 2011-03-15 |
| CN102112251A (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
| EP2322299A4 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
| US20110132060A1 (en) | 2011-06-09 |
| US8522594B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
| ES2586177T3 (es) | 2016-10-13 |
| EP2322299A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
| EP2322299B1 (en) | 2016-05-11 |
| JP2010029934A (ja) | 2010-02-12 |
| JP5302592B2 (ja) | 2013-10-02 |
| CN102112251B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
| KR101330899B1 (ko) | 2013-11-22 |
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