WO2010020143A1 - 提高植物和微生物抗逆性的基因、多肽、载体及其应用 - Google Patents

提高植物和微生物抗逆性的基因、多肽、载体及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2010020143A1
WO2010020143A1 PCT/CN2009/072888 CN2009072888W WO2010020143A1 WO 2010020143 A1 WO2010020143 A1 WO 2010020143A1 CN 2009072888 W CN2009072888 W CN 2009072888W WO 2010020143 A1 WO2010020143 A1 WO 2010020143A1
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seq
gene
resistance
sequence
transgenic
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French (fr)
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杨毅
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SICHUAN BIODESIGN GENE ENGINEERING Co Ltd
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SICHUAN BIODESIGN GENE ENGINEERING Co Ltd
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Priority to US13/055,299 priority Critical patent/US8586830B2/en
Priority to EP20090807842 priority patent/EP2319930A4/en
Priority to CN2009801190462A priority patent/CN102112613B/zh
Priority to BRPI0916604A priority patent/BRPI0916604A2/pt
Priority to CA2732493A priority patent/CA2732493C/en
Priority to AU2009284619A priority patent/AU2009284619B2/en
Priority to EA201170263A priority patent/EA024524B1/ru
Publication of WO2010020143A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010020143A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07KPEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/415Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8241Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
    • C12N15/8242Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
    • C12N15/8243Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine
    • C12N15/8251Amino acid content, e.g. synthetic storage proteins, altering amino acid biosynthesis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8241Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
    • C12N15/8261Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
    • C12N15/8271Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/82Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
    • C12N15/8241Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
    • C12N15/8261Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
    • C12N15/8271Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
    • C12N15/8273Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for drought, cold, salt resistance

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of molecular biology, and particularly relates to a novel gene, a polypeptide encoded by the gene, a recombinant vector containing the gene and the use thereof for improving plant and microorganism resistance.
  • Saline-alkali soil affects the growth of vegetation, which reduces or eliminates crops, and indirectly causes deterioration of the ecological environment, and can corrode and damage engineering facilities, resulting in losses of 2.511 billion yuan per year. Therefore, how to reduce the harm of soil salinization to crops and make full use of limited land resources have become one of the important issues to be solved urgently in agricultural development. In addition to the use of traditional physical, chemical, biological and other measures for comprehensive management, Using the latest molecular biology methods to improve crop tolerance through genetic engineering will be one of the most cost-effective methods. Saline-alkali soil is a soil containing too much salt such as NaCl, Na 2 S0 4 , Na 2 C0 3 and NaHC0 3 .
  • the phytotoxicity of saline-alkaline soils mainly includes salt stress and high pH stress and the combined toxicity of these two factors.
  • the main damage caused by saline-alkali stress in the following three aspects: First, the massive accumulation of metal ions (mainly Na) in the cytoplasm, it will destroy the intracellular ion balance and inhibit the physiological and biochemical metabolism process in the cell, making the plant photosynthesis The ability to function declines and eventually die due to carbon starvation.
  • the saline-alkali soil is a hypertonic environment that prevents plant roots from absorbing water, thereby causing plants to die due to "drought”.
  • Third, the pH of the saline-alkali soil is high.
  • plants affected by salt and alkali should reduce the accumulation of ions in the cytoplasm on the one hand, and produce special products such as proteins, amino acids, sugars, etc. through the accumulation process to enhance the osmotic pressure of cells and prevent the cells from losing water. , stabilize the structure of plasma membranes and enzymes.
  • the pH in the environment is usually expressed as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, pH.
  • the pH value in the environment has a great influence on the life activities of microorganisms.
  • the main effects are: changes in the surface of the microorganisms due to changes in pH, which in turn affect the absorption of nutrients by microorganisms; PH has a direct impact on microbial cells, It can affect the ionization of organic compounds in the medium, which has an indirect effect on microorganisms, because most non-ionic compounds are more likely to penetrate into cells than ionic compounds; enzymes can only exert maximum activity at the optimum pH, not suitable
  • the pH value reduces the activity of the enzyme, which in turn affects the biochemical processes within the microbial cells; too high or too low pH reduces the resistance of the microorganism to high temperatures.
  • Plant drought resistance research involves many fields such as plant morphology, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Changes in roots and leaf structure of plants under drought conditions, relationship between abscisic acid (ABA) and stomatal closure, osmotic adjustment substances such as mannitol, proline, betaine, trehalose, fructan, inositol, polyamines, etc.
  • ABA abscisic acid
  • osmotic adjustment substances such as mannitol, proline, betaine, trehalose, fructan, inositol, polyamines, etc.
  • the relationship between molecular compounds and plant drought resistance, aquaporin, active oxygen scavenging and the effects of late abundance proteins on plant drought resistance have been the focus of attention.
  • osmotic adjustment is the main drought-tolerant mechanism of plants, in recent years, people have used plant genetic engineering methods to increase the synthesis of proline and betaine in target plants, and have achieved in the cultivation of drought-tolerant transgenic plants based on osmotic adjustment. Gratifying progress.
  • Proline is a very water-soluble amino acid. It has a dipolar polarity such that its hydrophobic end is linked to the protein. The hydrophilic end binds to water molecules, which allows the protein to bind more water molecules through proline, thus increasing the solubility of the protein and allowing more soluble proteins to be added to the osmotic adjustment. At the same time, an increase in the bound water content can also avoid or reduce protein denaturation caused by cell dehydration. Therefore, increasing the synthesis ability of proline can improve the drought resistance of plants, and there have been some successful reports in this regard.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method of transgenic a plant or a bacterium and a method of detecting whether the gene is transferred into a host.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
  • the gene of the present invention has the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 1 in the Sequence Listing.
  • the gene of the present invention has a derivative sequence obtained by substituting, deleting or adding one or several nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the derivative sequence is the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the above functions are to improve the stress resistance of plants or microorganisms.
  • the above-mentioned stress resistance is at least one of drought resistance, acid and alkali resistance, salt alkali resistance, and heat resistance. Further, the above gene has the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 5 in the Sequence Listing.
  • polypeptide of the present invention (1) the amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing;
  • the above polypeptide has a function of improving the stress resistance of a plant or a microorganism.
  • the stress resistance is at least one of drought resistance, acid and alkali resistance, salt alkali resistance or heat resistance.
  • the invention provides a gene encoding the above polypeptide. Monoclonal antibodies directed against the above polypeptides are also provided. The invention also provides the use of the above genes for improving the resistance of plants and microorganisms.
  • the stress resistance is at least one of drought resistance, acid and alkali resistance, salt alkali resistance or heat resistance.
  • the polypeptides of the invention can also be used to increase plant and microbial resistance.
  • the present invention also provides a recombinant vector comprising the above gene. Further, the above recombinant vector can express the gene of the present invention. Further, the above recombinant vector is a recombinant plasmid.
  • the present invention also provides a host cell comprising the above recombinant vector, and a transgenic plant or transgenic microorganism comprising the above recombinant vector.
  • the present invention provides a method for transgenic plants, the steps of which are as follows:
  • step (1) (2) transferring the recombinant expression vector in step (1) into a plant cell;
  • the transformed cells are obtained by screening, and then the transformed cells are regenerated to form transgenic plants and their progeny, the progeny including plant seeds and plant tissues.
  • the present invention also provides a method for transgenic microorganisms, and the steps are as follows:
  • plants or microorganisms having improved stress resistance can be prepared.
  • the present invention also provides a method for detecting whether a sample contains the above-mentioned gene, and the method uses the probe prepared by the target gene to be detected to hybridize with the sample, and then detects the sample and probes. Whether the needle is bound, if the sample binds to the probe, the sample contains the sequence of the gene of SEQ ID NO: 1; the sample is the product of PCR amplification of the genome of the tested plant.
  • the PCR amplification primer corresponds to the two sides or the middle of the nucleotide sequence of the above gene, and the primer has a length of 15 to 50 nucleotides.
  • the probe has 8 to 100 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of the target gene.
  • the above probe has 15 to 50 contiguous nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence of the target gene.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
  • the present invention provides the use of the TT1 gene for improving the drought resistance of plants, and in the examples of the present invention, the plants which have been transferred into the TT1 gene and overexpressed are also germinated in arid environment.
  • the rate has been significantly improved, and the proline content in the plants after growth has also increased, and the growth of the seedlings has also proved that the TT1 gene can effectively improve the drought resistance of plants.
  • the method for cultivating drought-tolerant plants of the invention is also simple and effective, and provides a new effective choice for improving salt and alkali resistance of plants, and has a good application prospect.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the growth status of Escherichia coli containing the recombinant plasmid of SEQ ID NO: 1 and Escherichia coli containing PET28 (£ coli pET28) at 42 °C.
  • Figure 1-A Growth state diagram of co7 pET28 strain at 42 °C
  • Figure 1-B Growth state diagram of E. coli pET28 strain containing SEQ ID NO: 1 recombinant plasmid at 42 °C
  • Figure 1-C A graph of the growth state of the two strains on the same culture plate at 42 ⁇ .
  • Figure 2 is a graph comparing the growth curves of Escherichia coli containing SEQ ID NO: 1 and E. coli containing pET28 (coli PET28) under 44 ⁇ growth conditions.
  • the curve indicated by the rectangle symbol is the growth curve of the ⁇ coli pET28 (abbreviated as Zn_PET28) strain containing the recombinant plasmid of SEQ ID NO: 1 at 44 ° C, indicating that the ⁇ : CO ' pET28 strain containing the recombinant plasmid of SEQ ID NO: 1
  • the growth was normal at 44 °C;
  • the curve shown by the triangle symbol is the growth curve of the £ coli pET28 (abbreviated as PET28) strain at 44 °C, indicating that the coli pET28 strain could not grow at 44 °C.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of PCR detection of SEQ ID NO: 1 overexpressing Brassica napus transgenic lines and SEQ ID NO: 1 inhibiting expression of Brassica napus transgenic lines.
  • Figure 3-A SEQ ID NO: 1 Overexpression of Brassica Oil
  • M marker, 1, 2, 3, 4: SEQ ID NO: 1 overexpressing the transgenic lines of Brassica napus L.
  • Figure 3-B Inhibition of SEQ ID NO: 1
  • the size of the target band detected was consistent with the expected size of SEQ ID NO: 1, approximately 860 bp.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the high temperature tolerance of overexpression of Brassica napus transgenic lines and SEQ ID NO: 1 inhibition expression of Brassica napus transgenic lines and Brassica napus L. SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • transgenic lines (Zn-DN) with a large delay;
  • Figure 4-C When the temperature was increased to 34 °C After 5 days of growth, the growth status of transgenic Brassica napus L. and Brassica napus L., as shown in the figure, SEQ ID NO: 1 Overexpression of Brassica napus L. transgenic lines (Zn-OE) Normal growth, Brassica napus L. (WT) Death, SEQ ID NO: 1 inhibits the expression of Brassica napus L. transgenic lines (Zn-DN) death.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of the high temperature tolerance of transgenic Brassica napus L. and Brassica napus L. with overexpression and inhibition of expression of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 after treatment for 3-5 days at 34 °C.
  • Figure 5-A Growth state diagram of three plants after treatment at 34 °C for 3 days. As shown, the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 overexpresses transgenic Brassica napus (Zn-OE). Normal growth, cabbage type The growth of Brassica napus L. (WT) was delayed, and the leaves of the plant showed yellow and curly characteristics. The nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 inhibited the expression of transgenic Brassica napus L.
  • Figure 6 is a comparative analysis diagram showing the difference in expression of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 between the transgenic Brassica napus L. and Brassica napus L. at the transcriptional level of SEQ ID NO: 1 overexpression and inhibition of expression.
  • the SEQ ID NO: 1 nucleotide sequence is overexpressed in Brassica napus L. (Zn-OE), the expression of SEQ ID NO: 1 gene is increased, which is 2.5 times of Brassica napus L.; : 1
  • the nucleotide sequence inhibits the expression of Brassica napus L. (Zn-DN), and the expression of SEQ ID NO: 1 gene is reduced, only half of wild-type Brassica napus L. (WT).
  • Figure 7 is a recombinant plasmid pGEX_2T (GTK_Zn) containing the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 at E. coli A graph of induced expression results.
  • GTK empty vector pGEX-2T
  • Marker 3-7 GTK-Zn (protein recombinant plasmid carrying the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1) Expression in E. coli; 3, 4: IPTG induction for two hours, 5, 6: IPTG induction for three hours, 7: IPTG induction for four hours; black arrow indicates that the expressed protein is 58KD.
  • the PGEX-2T recombinant plasmid (GTK-Zn) containing the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 induced the expression of a protein band (58 KD) consistent with expectations in E. coli.
  • Figure 8 is a graph showing the growth status of Escherichia coli and PET28-containing Escherichia coli containing the recombinant plasmid having the nucleotide sequence derived from SEQ ID NO: 1 and the nucleotide sequence derived therefrom (the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4) at 42 ° C, The substituted or deleted derivative nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 also increases the tolerance of the bacteria to high temperatures.
  • Figure 8-A Growth state of Escherichia coli containing pET28 at 42 °C
  • Figure 8-B Growth state of Escherichia coli containing the recombinant plasmid of SEQ ID NO: 4 at 42 °C.
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the results of determination of proline (Pro) content in the TT1 gene transfer rapeseed after drought stress.
  • 0E (1), 0E (2), 0E (3) are three TT1 genes overexpressing transgenic Brassica napus L.
  • WT is wild type Brassica napus L.
  • ordinate is proline content, unit is g/g .
  • Figure 10 is a photograph of the day when the watering was stopped, with the wild type on the left and the transgenic type on the right.
  • Figure 11 is a photograph of the wild type after stopping watering for 5 days, and the right is a transgenic type.
  • Figure 13 is a diagram showing whether the target gene has been transferred to Arabidopsis thaliana by agarose electrophoresis, 1 to 12 are transgenic Arabidopsis genomic DNA, and 13 are overexpressing recombinant plasmid DNA containing SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • Figure 14 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations (mmol/DNaCl on the germination rate of non-transgenic TT1 Arabidopsis seeds).
  • Figure 15 is a graph showing the effect of different concentrations (mmol/DNaCl on the germination rate of Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing TT1 gene.
  • Figure 16 is a plot of proline content (P g/g) for different treatment groups.
  • RLD is wild type
  • 0Ea 0Eb, 0Ec, and OEd are Arabidopsis lines overexpressing the TT1 gene
  • the ordinate is the proline content ( ⁇ g/g).
  • Figure 17 is a color diagram of the proline red toluene solution of the different treatment groups in the cuvette.
  • RLD is wild type
  • 0Ea, 0Eb, 0Ec, and OEd are overexpressing TT1 gene Arabidopsis lines.
  • Figure 19 is a graph showing the growth of the TT1 gene (T) and non-transgenic Escherichia coli (C) after 14 h at 37 °C with pH values of 4.0, 5.5, 7.0, 8.5, and 10.0, respectively.
  • the gene of the present invention has a basic nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the Sequence Listing, which is derived from the vegetable rapeseed of the Brassicaceae (also known as Bruciferae). Brassica napus ), using the atp6 gene in Brassica napus as a bait protein, according to the yeast two-hybrid method, one EST sequence in rapeseed was screened, and according to the selected sequence, the SEQ ID in the sequence listing was obtained by 5 ' RACE method. NO: The nucleotide sequence shown by 1. Then, a pair of PCR primers were designed based on the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 was amplified from canola cDNA.
  • the recombinant vector of the present invention is obtained by inserting the TT1 gene into a vector which can be selected from various vectors known in the art, particularly eukaryotic expression vectors (e.g., pBI 121 or pCAMBIA2301).
  • eukaryotic expression vectors e.g., pBI 121 or pCAMBIA2301.
  • the present invention uses the above recombinant vector to transform a host cell or a host microorganism, and these hosts include a prokaryotic host and a eukaryotic host.
  • Commonly used eukaryotic hosts include yeast and other plant cells, and the commonly used prokaryotic host is Escherichia coli and the like.
  • polypeptide for improving the heat resistance of plants and microorganisms of the present invention wherein the amino acid sequence is represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 in the sequence listing, or the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 is substituted, deleted or added with one or several amino acids.
  • the resulting derivative sequence, and the derived sequence functions in the same manner as the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • the recombinant plasmid in step (1) is transferred to Agrobacterium, and the recombinant plasmid-containing Agrobacterium is co-cultured with a eukaryotic host cell, and dark culture is carried out under conditions of 22-28 Torr. After the day, transformed cells containing the nucleotide shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 were obtained by screening (e.g., antibiotic screening), and the transgenic plants and their progeny were regenerated.
  • SEQ ID NO: 1 refers to a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having SEQ ID NO: 1 protein activity and a degenerate sequence thereof.
  • the degenerate sequence refers to a sequence produced by the substitution of one or more codons in the sequence by degenerate codons encoding the same amino acid. Due to the degeneracy of the codon, a degenerate sequence having a homology of less than about 89% to SEQ ID NO: 1 can also encode the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the term also encompasses nucleotide sequences that hybridize to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 under moderately stringent conditions, more preferably under highly stringent conditions.
  • the term also includes nucleotide sequences that are at least 80%, more preferably at least 90%, and optimally at least 95% homologous to the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the same function in the present invention means to increase the drought resistance of plants. Sex.
  • the term also encompasses variant forms of the open reading frame sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 which encodes a protein having the same function as the native SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • variants include, but are not limited to, a number of nucleotide deletions (usually 1-90, preferably 1-60, more preferably 1-20, optimally 1-10) , inserts and/or substitutions, and adding a few at 5' and/or 3' ends (usually within 60, preferably within 30, more preferably within 10, optimally within 5) ) nucleotides.
  • the SEQ ID NO: 2 protein or polypeptide refers to a protein active polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • These variants include, but are not limited to, a number (usually 1-50, preferably 1-30, more preferably 1-20, optimally 1-10) amino acid deletions, insertions and/or Substituting, and adding one or several (usually 20 or less, preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less) amino acids at the C-terminus and/or the N-terminus.
  • the function of the protein is usually not altered.
  • the addition of one or more amino acids at the C-terminus and/or N-terminus will generally not alter the function of the protein.
  • the term also encompasses active fragments and active derivatives of the SEQ ID NO: 2 protein.
  • Variant forms of the SEQ ID NO: 2 polypeptide of the invention include: homologous sequences, conservative variants, allelic variants, natural mutants, induced mutants, and SEQ ID NO: under high or low stringency conditions: A protein encoded by the hybridized DNA, and a polypeptide or protein obtained by using the antiserum of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • the invention also provides other polypeptides, such as fusion proteins comprising the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 or a fragment thereof.
  • the present invention also encompasses soluble fragments of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • the fragment may have at least about 10 contiguous amino acids of the polypeptide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, typically at least about 30 contiguous amino acids, preferably at least about 50 contiguous amino acids, more preferably at least about 80 contiguous amino acids, optimally At least about 100 consecutive amino acids.
  • the "conservative variant polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2” means that up to 10, preferably up to 8, more preferably up to 5 amino acids are compared to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. A similar or similar amino acid is replaced to form a polypeptide.
  • conservative variant polypeptides are preferably produced by substitution according to Table 1.
  • the invention also encompasses analogs of the protein or polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • the difference between these analogs and the native SEQ ID NO: 2 polypeptide may be a difference in amino acid sequence, a difference in the modification form which does not affect the sequence, or a combination thereof.
  • These polypeptides include natural or induced genetic variants. Induced variants can be obtained by a variety of techniques, such as random mutagenesis by irradiation or exposure to a mutagen, or by site-directed mutagenesis or other techniques known to molecular biology.
  • Analogs also include analogs having residues other than the native L-amino acid (e.g., D-amino acids), as well as analogs having non-naturally occurring or synthetic amino acids (e.g., beta, y-amino acids). It is to be understood that the polypeptide of the present invention is not limited to the representative polypeptides exemplified above.
  • Modifications include: chemically derived forms of the polypeptide, such as acetylation or carboxylation, in vivo or in vitro. Modifications also include glycosylation, such as those produced by glycosylation modifications in the synthesis and processing of polypeptides or in further processing steps. Such modification can be accomplished by exposing the polypeptide to an enzyme that performs glycosylation, such as a mammalian glycosylation enzyme or a deglycosylation enzyme. Modified forms also include sequences having phosphorylated amino acid residues such as phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, phosphothreonine. Also included are polypeptides modified to increase their resistance to proteolytic properties or to optimize solubility properties.
  • the expression of the SEQ ID NO: 1 gene product can also be analyzed by Northern blotting techniques, i.e., the presence or absence and amount of the RNA transcript of SEQ ID NO: 1 in the cell is analyzed.
  • Northern blot analysis of SEQ ID NO: 1 and Western blot analysis of SEQ ID NO: 2 specific antibodies can be used in combination to confirm expression of SEQ ID NO: 1 in a biological sample.
  • the homologous gene or homologous protein of SEQ ID NO: 1 can be screened based on the homology of the nucleic acid or the homology of the expressed protein.
  • the recombinant sequence can be used to obtain the relevant sequences in large quantities. This is usually done by cloning it into a vector, transferring it to a cell, and then isolating the relevant sequence from the proliferated host cell by conventional methods.
  • Example 1 Cloning and acquisition of a novel gene of the present invention
  • Upstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 7): 5 ' - ATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG- 3 '
  • Downstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 8): 5, -TCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3 '.
  • the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 was then amplified from the Brassica napus L. by PCR.
  • the PCR procedure is as follows:
  • Example 2 Construction of Escherichia coli expressing SEQ ID NO:
  • the PCR procedure is as follows:
  • the host strain E. coli pET28 was separately applied to LB solid medium at a dose of 1%, and cultured overnight at 42 ⁇ . The experiment showed that the host strain cW pET28 could not grow after treatment at 42 °C (see Fig. 1-A); the coli pET28 strain containing the recombinant plasmid of SEQ ID NO: 1 grew well at 42 °C (see Fig. 1-B).
  • the growth of the co ' pET28 strain containing the recombinant plasmid of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the host strain E. cWi pET28 at 44 ° C was compared according to the above experimental procedure.
  • the experiment showed that the growth curve of the E coli pET28 strain containing the recombinant plasmid of SEQ ID NO: 1 showed a logarithmic increase (see Figure 2, Zn-pET28), indicating normal growth at 44 °C; host strain E. coli pET28 It cannot grow at a temperature of 44 ° C (see Figure 2, pET28).
  • Upstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 11): 5, -CGCGGATCCATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG-3 '; downstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 12): 5, -CCGGAGCTCTCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3 '.
  • the PCR product was purified (see information published by Qiagen), then digested with BamHl and Sacl, recovered by gel, ligated to the vector PBI 121 (ligation sites: BamHl and Sac1), and the excess contained in SEQ ID NO: 1 was obtained.
  • Expression of the recombinant plasmid The overexpressed recombinant plasmid containing SEQ ID NO: 1 was transferred into Agrobacterium, and the Brassica napus L. was transformed by hypocotyl infiltration.
  • Upstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 13): 5 '-CCGGAGCTCATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG-3 '
  • downstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 14): 5 '-CGCGGATCCTCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3'.
  • the PCR procedure is as follows:
  • the PCR product was purified (see information published by Qiagen), then digested with BamHl and Sacl, recovered by gel, ligated with the vector PBI 121 (ligation site: BamHl and Sacl), and the expression of SEQ ID NO: 1 was inhibited.
  • Recombinant plasmid The recombinant expression plasmid containing SEQ ID NO: 1 was transformed into Agrobacterium and transformed into Brassica napus by hypocotyl infiltration (see step 2).
  • the precultured robust rape hypocotyls are separately immersed in the Agrobacterium containing the overexpressing recombinant plasmid of SEQ ID NO: 1 and the Agrobacterium containing the recombinant plasmid expressing SEQ ID NO: 1 for 30 s_l min, During the period of constant oscillation, the bacterial liquid was in full contact with the hypocotyl of rape. Quickly blot excess of the bacterial solution with sterile filter paper, and place the hypocotyls of the rapeseed on the co-culture medium (MS+ 2mg/L 6-BA, lmg/L 2, 4-D, 2. 5mg/L AgN0 3 , 19 On 62 mg/L AS), co-culture for 2 days.
  • co-culture medium MS+ 2mg/L 6-BA, lmg/L 2, 4-D, 2. 5mg/L AgN0 3 , 19 On 62 mg/L AS
  • the two hypocotyls of cole culture were respectively connected to the differentiation medium (MS+ 2mg/L 6-BA, lmg/L 2, 4-D,
  • the screening medium MS+2mg/L 6-BA, 2. 5mg/L AgN0 3 , 500mg/L Carb, lOmg/L Kan
  • the shoots were excised from the callus and transferred to rooting medium (1/2 MS, 0.15 mg/L NAA, 250 mg/L Cef).
  • rooting medium 1/2 MS, 0.15 mg/L NAA, 250 mg/L Cef.
  • SEQ ID NO: 1 Overexpression of SEQ ID NO: 1 and an expression-inducing transgenic plant containing SEQ ID NO: 1 developed a complete root system on rooting medium, respectively, and transferred to pot.
  • the total DNA is extracted from the leaves, and the extracted DNA is used as a template to perform PCR detection.
  • Upstream primer SEQ ID NO: 15: 5 ' ATTTCATTTGGAGAGAACACGG 3'
  • Downstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 16): 5 ' TCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT 3 '
  • the PCR procedure is as follows:
  • Upstream Primer (SEQ ID NO: 17): 5' ATTTCATTTGGAGAGAACACGG 3'
  • Downstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 18): 5' ATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG 3'
  • the PCR procedure is as follows:
  • the actin gene and the SEQ ID NO: 1 gene were PCR-amplified, respectively, and subjected to electrophoresis at 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 cycles to determine Exponential growth period and platform period. Semi-quantitative PCR reactions (21 cycles) of samples were performed during the exponential growth phase.
  • Example 5 Identification of temperature tolerance of transgenic plants containing SEQ ID NO:
  • Brassica napus L. and Brassica napus transgenic lines containing SEQ ID NO: 1 After 5 days of heat stress, Brassica napus L. and Brassica napus transgenic lines containing SEQ ID NO: 1 have died, while Brassica napus transgenic plants containing SEQ ID NO: 1 are still alive and grow normally (see Figure 4-C, Figure 5-B).
  • the heat resistance test results confirmed that the transgenic plants of Brassica napus L. containing overexpressed with SEQ ID NO: 1 were more resistant to temperature, while the transgenic plants of Brassica napus containing SEQ ID NO: 1 inhibited expression were resistant to heat. Decrease, indicating that the expression product of SEQ ID NO: 1 is functionally related to heat resistance.
  • Example 6 Expression and detection of the polypeptide represented by SEQ ID NO:
  • Upstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 19): 5 '-CCGGAATTCATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG-3 '
  • downstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 20): 5 ' - GCTCTAGATC AGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3 '.
  • the cell lysate was mixed with 50% glutathione-Sepharose resin homogenate, and 2 ml of resin was added per 100 ml of the cell culture, and gently shaken at room temperature for 30 min.
  • Example 7 Substitutions and deletions of SEQ ID NO: 1 and expression and heat resistance analysis in E. coli
  • the SEQ ID NO: 5 sequence was PCR amplified using the vector pET28 ligated with SEQ ID NO: 1 (the second serine at the N-terminus of SEQ ID NO: 2 was replaced with alanine and the fifth leucine) Replace with phenylalanine and delete three amino acids at the C-terminus, the encoded amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6), and then ligated pGEM-T into the vector.
  • Upstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 23): 5, -CCGGAATTCATGGCTGATGATTTCAG TTTATGTAC -3'
  • downstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 24): 5' - CCGGAGCTCTTGGGTTGGATATTGGCGGCGGCTG -3'
  • the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 was amplified by PCR from the pGEM_T vector ligated with SEQ ID NO: 5.
  • the PCR procedure is as follows:
  • the PCR product was purified (see information disclosed by Qiagen), then digested with BamHl and Sacl, recovered by gel, ligated with PET28 (ligation sites: BamHl and Sac1), and the recombinant plasmid containing SEQ ID NO: 5 was obtained.
  • the recombinant plasmid containing SEQ ID NO: 5 was transformed into ⁇ coli and plated on Amp-containing LB solid medium.
  • a co7 pET28 strain containing the recombinant plasmid of SEQ ID NO: 4 was obtained.
  • the coli pET28 strain containing the recombinant plasmid of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the control host strain coli pET28 were respectively coated with isopropyl- ⁇ -D-sulfurate at the same inoculum amount (0D 6 . . . 0.3).
  • the solid medium of galactosides (IPTG) was cultured overnight at 42 °C.
  • the control host strain £ coli pET28 did not grow after treatment at 42 ° C (see Figure 8-A); the recombinant plasmid pET28 strain containing SEQ ID NO: 5 grew well at 42 °C (see Figure 8-B).
  • solutions such as PEG, mannitol, and sucrose can be used to simulate drought conditions to test the growth of plants.
  • Hohl et al.'s multiple studies of the above-mentioned stress agents support the use of PEG as a penetrant to study the water relationship of plants.
  • PEG with a molecular weight of 6000 is more effective than PEG with a lower molecular weight, such as PEG1000, 2000.
  • PEG6000 has a large molecular weight and does not enter plant cells causing damage.
  • the sucrose solution is susceptible to mold and is generally not used as a penetrant. Therefore, this example uses PEG 6000 to simulate drought stress conditions.
  • transgenic (0E) rapeseed and non-transgenic wild type were selected for 100 uniform, full, disease-free rapeseed seeds for germination. Put 8 layers of absorbent paper into the culture dish, then put a layer of filter paper as the germination bed, and add 10 mL of 10% PEG6000 solution to the germination bed of the treatment group.
  • the control group selected three One strain of transgenic (0E) and non-transgenic wild type (WT) 100 grains of uniform, full, disease-free rapeseed germination, then add 10mL of distilled water, placed in a constant temperature 25 ⁇ room under natural light for germination . After 7 days, the number of surviving seedlings was determined and the seedling rate was calculated. Ten seedlings were randomly selected to determine seedling height, main root length and fresh weight per plant. The test was repeated 3 times. The calculation and measurement methods are as follows:
  • Relative germination rate (treatment germination rate / control germination rate) ⁇ % ;
  • Relative seedling height (treated seedling height / control seedling height) X100%
  • Relative fresh weight (treatment fresh weight / control fresh weight) X100%
  • Relative vigor index (treatment seedling rate X treatment seedling height) I (control seedling rate X control seedling height) X100%;
  • proline plays an important role in the adaptation of plant cells to stress, its action mainly includes intracellular osmo-regulators, reducing agents or energy sources, N-storage substances, hydroxyl radical scavengers, and protective agents for intracellular enzymes. And reduce intracellular acidity and regulate redox potential. Therefore, under normal culture conditions, the ability of transgenic TT1 strains to cope with osmotic stress caused by drought is stronger than that of wild type rapeseed.
  • Upstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 25): 5'-CGCGGATCCATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG-3 '
  • downstream primer (SEQ ID NO: 26): 5'-CCGGAGCTCTCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3 '.
  • the PCR procedure is as follows:
  • the harvested seeds are planted, and after 50 days, a few leaves are taken for PCR detection.
  • the salt of saline-alkaline soil is usually NaCl, Na2S0, Na2C0 and NaHC03.
  • salt stress can also cause ionic stress caused by the increase of Na ion, which affects the absorption of nutrients such as K ion and Ca ion. This causes damage to plants. Therefore, this experiment used NaCl to simulate salt stress conditions.
  • each tube was accurately added with 1 ⁇ 21 toluene, shaken for 30 seconds, and allowed to stand for a while to transfer all the pigment to the toluene solution.
  • proline plays an important role in the adaptation of plant cells to stress, its action mainly includes intracellular osmo-regulators, reducing agents or energy sources, N-storage substances, hydroxyl radical scavengers, and protective agents for intracellular enzymes. And reduce intracellular acidity and regulate redox potential. Therefore, under normal culture conditions, the transgenic TT1 gene Arabidopsis thaliana is more potent than the wild RLD type in response to osmotic stress caused by saline.
  • Example 14 Growth experiment of SEQ ID NO: 1 gene microorganism under various sputum conditions
  • the preparation medium the LB liquid medium was prepared, and the antibiotics were added with 50 mg/ml, Cam 50 ug/ml and 0.1 mM IPTG, and the pH was adjusted to 4. 0, 5. 5, 7. 0, 8. 5 After 10.0, add the test tubes, and install 2 tubes for each pH, 5 ml per tube, for use.
  • Test bacteria Add the test bacteria: Add the activated bacterial solution 0. 05ml to each LB liquid medium at each PH level, shake well and shake culture (37 °C, 225 rpm, 14h).
  • E. coli transformed with the TT1 thermotolerant gene had higher acid-base tolerance than non-transgenic E. coli.
  • the growth of the TT1 gene (T) and the non-transgenic (C) were basically the same.
  • the concentration of the bacteria was basically the same.
  • the growth of TT1 gene (T) and non-transgenic (C) was different.
  • the concentration of the bacterial liquid is low; at pH 4.0, the concentration of the transgenic TT1 gene (T) is high, and the non-transgenic (C) bacteria hardly grow.
  • TT1 gene (T) Under alkaline conditions, there are also differences in the growth of the TT1 gene (T) and the non-transgenic (C). As can be seen, at pH 8.5, the concentration of the TT1 gene (T) is higher, non-transgenic. (C) The concentration of the bacterial liquid is low; at pHIO, the concentration of the transgenic TT1 gene (T) is high, and the non-transgenic (C) bacteria hardly grow.
  • TT1 gene Escherichia coli and non-transgenic Escherichia coli was measured at 37 °C and pH 4.0.
  • Beijing Pudongtong Instrument Co., Ltd. TU-1800 UV spectrophotometer the greater the 0D value , indicating that the concentration of the bacterial liquid is larger, as shown in the figure, the slope of the growth curve of the transgenic TT1 gene is significantly larger than that of the non-transfected TT1 gene, indicating that the growth rate of the transgenic TT1 E. coli is significantly greater than that of the non-transfected TT1 gene.
  • Bacillus Example 15 Preliminary Mechanism Study of SEQ ID NO: 1 Gene Enhancing Stress Resistance
  • the invention uses the coli CHIP Version 2. 0 gene chip sold by Bao Bioengineering (Dalian) Co., Ltd., according to its storytelling (see Table 4 for gene screening standards), Escherichia coli overexpressing TT1 gene and blank control Escherichia coli The genomic expression was compared to investigate the mechanism by which TT1 gene enhances microbial acid and alkali resistance and plant salt and alkali resistance.

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Description

提高植物和微生物抗逆性的基因、 多肽、 载体及其应用 技术领域
本发明属于分子生物学领域, 具体涉及一种新的基因、 该基因编码的多肽、 含有该基 因的重组载体及其在改良植物和微生物抗逆性上的应用。
背景技术
随着分子生物技术的迅速发展和基因克隆技术的不断完善, 植物和微生物基因工 程研究正向纵深发展, 抗性基因研究已由抗生物逆性 (如抗病、 抗虫) 向抗寒、 抗旱、 抗热、 抗盐碱、 耐酸碱等抗非生物逆性研究转移。
由于二氧化碳排气量增加, 因而地球的温室效应不断加剧, 导致全球性气候变暖, 预计未来 100年全球平均气温可能上升 1. 4-5. 8 °C。全球性的气候变暖,造成农业生态 环境日趋恶化。 专家预测: 气候变暖可能使作物减产 17%。 I RI (国际水稻研究所)研 究证实: 1998-2003年, 气温升高了 1 Ό, 产量降低了 10%。 在中国, 专家们认为, 到 2050年, 全国平均气温将上升 2. 2 °C。 在自然环境下生长的植物都受到温度升高的影 响, 使植物的生长出现障碍, 特别是一些大春作物, 如水稻、 玉米等在抽穗、 灌浆期 间, 很容易受到高温天气的影响, 造成农作物的减产。 另一方面, 根据 FA0 (国际粮农 组织)分析, 到 2050年, 世界人口将突破 100亿。 随着人口的进一步增加, 农业面临 的人口压力进一步增加, 世界范围内的粮食短缺状况将长期存在。 受到全球气候变暖 的影响, 大量的草本植物会出现生长障碍、 甚至死亡, 从而破坏生态平衡。 因此, 各 国科学界都在努力寻找提高植物热耐受性的相关基因。 迄今为止, 仅发现少数的热激 蛋白基因以及它们的转录因子与耐热相关, 未见到任何一个单独的基因能增加细菌和 植物耐热性的报道。
目前世界上有 100多个国家存在不同类型盐碱地 10亿 hm2,约占全球可耕地面积的 10 %。 仅中国盐碱地面积就达 9913万 hm2, 主要分布在华北、 西北和东北等干旱、 半干 旱地区。 中国东北西部松嫩平原有盐碱地面积 370余万 hm2, 是世界上三大苏打盐碱地 集中分布区之一。 同时, 由于工业污染、 不合理灌溉和化肥使用不当等原因, 次生盐 碱化土壤面积也在迅速增加。 盐碱地影响植被生长, 使农作物减产或绝收, 并间接造 成生态环境恶化, 且能腐蚀损坏工程设施, 所造成的损失每年达 25. 11亿元。 因此, 如何减轻土壤盐碱化对作物的危害, 充分利用有限的土地资源成为农业可持续发展亟 待解决的重要课题之一。 除利用传统的物理、 化学、 生物等措施进行综合治理外, 应 用最新的分子生物学方法, 通过基因工程提高作物耐性将是最经济有效的方法之一。 盐碱土是含过多的 NaCl、 Na2S04、 Na2C03和 NaHC03等盐类的土壤。盐碱土对植物的毒 害主要包括盐胁迫和高 pH胁迫及这两种因素相互作用产生的复合毒害。 盐碱胁迫对植 物造成的主要伤害表现在以下三个方面: 一是细胞质中金属离子 (主要是 Na) 的大量 积累, 它会破坏细胞内离子平衡并抑制细胞内生理生化代谢过程, 使植物光合作用能 力下降, 最终因碳饥饿而死亡; 二是盐碱土壤是一个高渗环境, 它能阻止植物根系吸 收水分, 从而使植物因 "干旱"而死亡; 三是盐碱土壤 pH值较高, 这使得植物体与外 界环境酸碱失衡, 进而破坏细胞膜的结构, 造成细胞内溶物外渗而使植物死亡。 因而, 受盐碱胁迫的植物一方面要降低细胞质中离子积累, 另一方面还通过积累过程产生某 些特殊的产物, 如蛋白质、 氨基酸、 糖类等来增强细胞的渗透压, 阻止细胞失水, 稳 定质膜及酶类的结构。
由于盐碱地广泛存在, 该领域的研究正在成为一个新的热点。 现在的研究主要集 中在盐碱地植物如何响应 pH胁迫, 对生理表型和基因表达都仅是初步探索, 主要的研 究对象是一些耐盐碱植物, 如星星草、 羊草、 向日葵、 白刺等。 但在分子水平上研究 植物响应高 pH胁迫的进程进展。本领域需要开发出能够提高植物耐盐碱性的备选基因, 以及运用基因工程技术提高植物的耐盐碱性的方法。
环境中的酸碱度通常以氢离子浓度的负对数即 pH值来表示。 环境中的 pH值对微 生物的生命活动影响很大, 主要作用在于: 由于 pH的变化引起微生物体表面的电荷变 化, 进而影响微生物对营养物的吸收; PH除了对微生物细胞有直接影响外, 还可以影 响培养基中有机化合物的离子化作用, 从而对微生物有间接影响, 因为多数非离子状 态化合物比离子状态化合物更容易渗入细胞; 酶只有在最适宜的 pH值时才能发挥最大 活性, 不适宜的 pH值使酶的活性降低, 进而影响微生物细胞内的生物化学过程; 过高 或过低的 pH都降低微生物对高温的抵抗能力。
微生物在基质中生长, 代谢作用会改变基质中氢离子浓度。 随着环境 pH值的不断 变化,微生物生长受阻, 当超过其能耐受的最低或最高 pH值时,将引起微生物的死亡。 随着分子生物技术的迅速发展和基因克隆技术的不断完善, 因工程研究正向纵深发展, 培育出抗性微生物品种也是一个可行之道, 其关键是寻找到有效的能够提高微生物抗 酸碱性的抗性基因。
水资源短缺是目前制约农业发展的一个全球性问题。 据统计, 全球约 43 %的耕地 受到干旱、 半干旱的威胁。 干旱胁迫不仅严重影响作物生长发育、 降低作物的产量, 同时还限制优良作物品种的推广。 因此, 提高作物的抗旱能力是现代农业研究工作中 的热点问题之一。
植物抗旱方面的研究涉及植物的形态、 生理生化及分子生物学等诸多领域。 植物 在干旱条件下根系及叶片结构的变化, 脱落酸 (ABA)和气孔关闭的关系, 渗透调节物质 甘露醇、 脯氨酸、 甜菜碱、 海藻糖、 果聚糖、 肌醇、 多胺等小分子化合物与植物抗旱 的关系, 水孔蛋白、 活性氧清除及胚胎发育晚期丰度蛋白对植物抗旱性的影响等抗旱 方面的研究一直受到人们的关注。
随着分子生物学研究的发展, 人们相继发现并克隆出了一些重要的耐旱基因, 获 得了烟草、 水稻等抗早转基因植株。 并己在水稻上成功的进行了转抗早基因水稻品系 的培育, 这为其他植物的转抗旱基因的研究带来了广阔的应用前景。 目前利用基因工 程技术培育抗旱品种主要有两种策略: 增加植物渗透性代谢产物的合成能力, 使植物 在水分胁迫下能合成更多的渗透调节物质 (如甘露醇、 甜菜碱、 海藻糖等), 以提高植 物的渗透调节能力, 从而增强植物的抗旱性; 增强植物对活性氧自由基的清除能力, 使植物在水分胁迫下过度表达一些酶 (如 SOD , POD , CAT等), 以有效地排除有害的活 性氧自由基, 从而提高细胞耐脱水的能力。 由于渗透调节是植物主要的耐旱机制, 近 年来人们己利用植物基因工程手段来增加目标植物中脯氨酸和甜菜碱的合成, 在以渗 透调节为主的耐旱性转基因植物培育方面取得了可喜的进展。
脯氨酸是水溶性很大的氨基酸。 它具有偶极性使其疏水端与蛋白质联结。 而亲水 端与水分子结合, 从而使蛋白通过脯氨酸束缚更多的水分子, 因此可增加蛋白质的可 溶性, 使更多的可溶性蛋白加入到渗透调节的行列中。 同时束缚水含量的增加也能避 免或减少因细胞脱水引起的蛋白质变性。 因而增加脯氨酸的合成能力, 可提高植物的 抗旱性, 在这方面有一些成功的报道。
总的来说, 使用基因工程技术对植物进行改良是近年来的热点。 使用基因工程技 术以期提高植物的抗逆性, 培育出耐逆性系也是一个可行之道。 但是, 目前还鲜见有 能综合提高植物和微生物的多种抗逆性的单个基因的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供能提高植物和微生物抗逆性的基因、 所编码的多肽及其装 载该基因的载体。 本发明的再一目的是提供植物或细菌转基因的方法和检测所述基因 是否转入宿主的方法。
本发明的技术方案如下: 本发明基因具有序列表中 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列。
或者, 本发明基因具有在 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列中经过取代、 缺失或添 加一个或几个核苷酸所得的衍生序列, 且该衍生序列与 SEQ ID NO: 1的序列编码功能 相同的多肽。
其中, 上述的功能为提高植物或微生物的抗逆性。
其中, 上述的抗逆性为抗旱性、 耐酸碱性, 耐盐碱性或耐热性中的至少一种。 进一步的, 上述基因具有序列表中 SEQ ID NO: 5所示的核苷酸序列。
本发明多肽: (1 ) 氨基酸序列为序列表中 SEQ ID NO: 2所示;
或 (2) : 在 (1 ) 中的氨基酸序列经过取代、 缺失或添加至少一个氨基酸形成的 衍生氨基酸序列。
其中,上述的多肽具有能提高植物或微生物的抗逆性的功能。所述抗逆性为抗旱性、 耐酸碱性, 耐盐碱性或耐热性中的至少一种。
本发明提供了编码上述多肽的基因。 同时也提供了针对上述多肽的单克隆抗体。 本发明还提供了上述的基因在提高植物和微生物抗逆性中的应用。其中,所述抗逆 性为抗旱性、耐酸碱性, 耐盐碱性或耐热性中的至少一种。 当然, 本发明多肽也能用于 提高植物和微生物抗逆性。
为了更好地实现上述的用途,本发明还提供了一种重组载体,该重组载体含有上述 的基因。进一歩的, 上述的重组载体可以表达本发明基因。 更进一歩的, 上述的重组载 体为重组质粒。
本发明也提供了含有上述重组载体的宿主细胞,以及含有上述重组载体的转基因植 物或转基因微生物。
基于上述产品和用途, 本发明提供了一种植物转基因的方法, 其步骤如下:
( 1 )将上述的基因可操作地连于表达载体上的植物表达调控序列, 形成含 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列的重组表达载体;
( 2 ) 将步骤(1)中的重组表达载体转入植物细胞;
( 3 ) 经筛选获得转化细胞, 然后将转化细胞再生形成转基因植株及其后代, 所述 后代包括植物种子及植物组织。
同时本发明也提供了一种微生物转基因的方法, 其歩骤如下:
( 1 )将上述的基因可操作地连于表达载体上的微生物表达调控序列,形成含 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列的重组表达载体; ( 2 ) 将歩骤(1)中的重组表达载体转入微生物;
( 3 ) 经筛选获得转化的微生物。
通过使用上述方法, 可以制备抗逆性提高的植物或微生物。
为了更好的实施上述技术方案, 本发明还提供了一种样品中是否含有上述基因的 序列的检测方法, 该方法用待检测的目标基因制备的探针与样品进行杂交, 然后检测 样品与探针是否发生结合, 若样品与探针结合, 则样品中含有 SEQ ID NO: 1所述基因 的序列; 所述样品是被检测植株基因组经 PCR扩增后的产物。
进一步的, 上述 PCR扩增引物对应于上述基因的核苷酸序列的两侧或中间, 引物 长度为 15〜50个核苷酸。
其中, 上述探针具有目标基因的核苷酸序列中的 8〜100个连续核苷酸。 优选的, 上述的探针具有目标基因的核苷酸序列中的 15〜50个连续核苷酸。
本发明的有益效果在于: 本发明提供了 TT1基因在提高植物抗旱性方面的用途, 在本发明的实施例中也通过实验证明转入了 TT1基因并过表达的植物在干旱环境下其 种子萌发率有了明显提高, 生长后的植株中的脯氨酸含量也有提高, 其幼苗的生长情 况也更有证明了 TT1基因能有效的提高植物抗旱性。 本发明培育出抗旱植物的方法也 简便而有效, 为提高植物耐盐碱性提供了新的有效选择, 具有很好的应用前景。 附图说明
图 1是含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒的大肠杆菌和含 PET28的大肠杆菌 (£ coli pET28 ) 在 42 °C的生长状况图。 图 1-A: co7 pET28菌株在 42 °C的生长状态图; 图 1-B: 含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒的 E. coli pET28菌株在 42 °C的生长状态图; 图 1-C: 两种菌株在同一个培养平板上于 42Ό的生长状态图。
图 2是含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒的大肠杆菌和含 pET28的大肠杆菌 ( coli PET28 )在 44Ό生长条件下的生长曲线比较图。其中,矩形符号所示曲线为含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒的^ coli pET28 (简写为 Zn_PET28 )菌株在 44 °C的生长曲线, 表明含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒的^: CO ' pET28菌株在 44 °C条件下生长正常; 三角形符号所示的 曲线为 £ coli pET28 (简写为 PET28 ) 菌株在 44 °C的生长曲线, 表明 coli pET28 菌株在 44 °C条件下不能生长。
图 3是 PCR检测 SEQ ID NO: 1过量表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系和 SEQ ID NO: 1 抑制表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系的结果图。 图 3-A: SEQ ID NO: 1过量表达甘蓝型油 菜转基因株系的检测结果图, 图中, M: marker, 1、 2、 3、 4: SEQ ID NO: 1过量表 达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系; 图 3-B: SEQ ID NO: 1抑制表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系的 检测结果图, 图中, M: marker, 1、 2: SEQ ID NO: 1抑制表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株 系。 如图所示, 所检测出目的条带的大小和预期 SEQ ID NO: 1大小一致, 约为 860bp。
图 4是 SEQ ID NO: 1过量表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系和 SEQ ID NO: 1抑制表达 甘蓝型油菜转基因株系与甘蓝型油菜的高温耐受能力对比图。
其中, 图 4-A: 正常生长温度情况下 (22 °C ), 转基因甘蓝型油菜和甘蓝型油菜的 生长状态图, 如图所示, 转基因甘蓝型油菜和甘蓝型油菜均生长正常; 图 4-B: 当温度 提高到 34°C, 生长 3天后,转基因甘蓝型油菜和甘蓝型油菜的生长状态图,如图所示, SEQ ID NO: 1过量表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系 (Zn-OE ) 生长正常, 甘蓝型油菜 (WT ) 生长延缓, SEQ ID NO: 1抑制表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系 (Zn-DN) 生长出现较大的 延缓; 图 4-C: 当温度提高到 34°C, 生长 5天后, 转基因甘蓝型油菜和甘蓝型油菜的 生长状态图, 如图所示, SEQ ID NO: 1 过量表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系 (Zn-OE ) 生 长正常,甘蓝型油菜(WT )死亡, SEQ ID NO: 1抑制表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系(Zn-DN) 死亡。
图 5是在 34 °C处理 3-5天后, SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列过量表达和抑制表达的 转基因甘蓝型油菜与甘蓝型油菜的高温耐受能力的对比情况图。 图 5-A: 三种植株在 34°C处理 3天后的生长状态图, 如图所示, SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列过量表达转基因 甘蓝型油菜 (Zn-OE ) 生长正常, 甘蓝型油菜 (WT ) 生长延迟, 植株叶片出现黄色、 卷曲的特征, SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列抑制表达的转基因甘蓝型油菜(Zn-DN)发黄、 叶片明显卷曲、生长停顿等特征; 图 5-B:三种植株在 34Ό处理 5天后的生长状态图, 如图所示, SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列过量表达转基因甘蓝型油菜(Zn-OE ) 生长正常, SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列抑制表达的转基因甘蓝型油菜 (Zn-DN) 和甘蓝型油菜 (WT ) 死亡。
图 6是 SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列过量表达和抑制表达的转基因甘蓝型油菜与甘 蓝型油菜在转录水平上 SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列表达差异的比较分析图。 如图所示, SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列过量表达甘蓝型油菜(Zn-OE)中, SEQ ID NO: 1基因表达量 增加,是甘蓝型油菜的 2. 5倍;在 SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列抑制表达甘蓝型油菜 ( Zn-DN) 中, SEQ ID NO: 1基因表达量减少, 只有野生型甘蓝型油菜 (WT)的一半。
图 7是含有 SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列的 pGEX_2T (GTK_Zn)重组质粒在 E. coli 中诱导表达结果图。 图中: 1: GTK (空载体 pGEX-2T)在£ co '中的表达情况, 2: Marker 3-7: GTK-Zn (带有 SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列的蛋白质重组质粒)在 E. coli 中的表达情况; 3、 4: IPTG诱导两小时, 5、 6: IPTG诱导三小时, 7: IPTG诱导四小 时; 黑色箭头代表表达出的蛋白质为 58KD。 如图所示, 在 cWi中, 含有 SEQ IDN0: 1序列的 PGEX-2T重组质粒(GTK-Zn)在 E. coli中诱导表达出与预期一致的蛋白质条 带 (58KD)。
图 8是含有 SEQ ID NO: 1替换和缺失所衍生核苷酸序列 (SEQ ID NO: 4所示序 列)的重组质粒的大肠杆菌和含 PET28的大肠杆菌在 42°C的生长状况图,证明 SEQ ID NO: 1替换或缺失的衍生核苷酸序列同样提高细菌对高温的耐受性。 图 8-A: 含 pET28 的大肠杆菌在 42°C的生长状态图; 图 8-B: 含 SEQ ID N0: 4重组质粒的大肠杆菌在 42 °C的生长状态图。
图 9是干旱胁迫后转 TT1基因油菜脯氨酸 (Pro)含量测定结果图。 其中 0E (1)、 0E (2)、 0E (3) 为 3个 TT1基因过量表达转基因甘蓝型油菜株系, WT为野生型甘蓝 型油菜; 纵坐标为脯氨酸含量, 单位为 g/g。
图 10是停止浇水当天的照片, 左为野生型, 右为转基因型。
图 11是停止浇水 5天后的照片, 左为野生型, 右为转基因型。
图 12是停止浇水 8天后的照片, 左为野生型, 右为转基因型。
图 13是琼脂糖电泳检测目的基因是否已转入拟南芥图, 1〜12道为转基因拟南芥 基因组 DNA, 13道为含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达重组质粒 DNA。
图 14是不同浓度 (mmol/DNaCl对非转 TT1基因拟南芥种子萌发率的影响图。
图 15是不同浓度 (mmol/DNaCl对过表达 TTl基因拟南芥种子萌发率的影响图。 图 16是不同处理组的脯氨酸含量 (P g/g) 图。 其中 RLD为野生型, 0Ea、 0Eb、 0Ec、 OEd为过表达 TTl基因拟南芥株系, 纵坐标为脯氨酸含量 ( μ g/g)。
图 17是不同处理组脯氨酸红色甲苯溶液在比色杯中的颜色图。其中 RLD为野生型, 0Ea、 0Eb、 0Ec、 OEd为过表达 TTl基因拟南芥株系。
图 18是 pH4.0, 37°C转 TT1基因大肠杆菌和非转基因大肠杆菌的生长情况图。 纵 坐标为 0D600值, 横坐标为培养时间。
图 19是 pH值分别为 4.0、 5.5、 7.0、 8.5、 10.0时, 在 37°C下 14h后, 转 TT1基因 (T) 和非转基因大肠杆菌 (C) 的生长情况图。
具体实施方式 本发明中所述的基因, 其基本核苷酸序列如序列表中 SEQ ID NO: 1所示, 该基因 来源于十字花科 ( Brassicaceae , 也名 Cruciferae ) 中芥属(Brassica)的植物油菜 (Brassica napus ), 以油菜中的 atp6基因为诱饵蛋白, 根据酵母双杂交方法, 筛选 到油菜中的一个 EST序列, 再根据这段筛选到的序列, 通过 5 ' RACE的方法获得序列 表中 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列。 然后根据 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列设 计一对 PCR引物, 从油菜 cDNA中扩增 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列。
本发明所述重组载体, 是将 TT1 基因插入到载体中获得, 上述载体可选用本领域 已知的各种载体, 尤其是真核表达载体(如 pBI 121或 pCAMBIA2301 )。本发明用上述重 组载体转化宿主细胞或宿主微生物, 这些宿主包括原核宿主和真核宿主。 常用的真核 宿主包括酵母和其它植物细胞, 常用的原核宿主为大肠杆菌等。
本发明所述提高植物和微生物耐热性的多肽,其氨基酸序列为序列表中 SEQ ID NO: 2所示, 或 SEQ ID NO: 2中的氨基酸序列经过取代、 缺失或添加一个或几个氨基酸所 得的衍生序列, 且该衍生序列与 SEQ ID NO: 2的序列功能相同。
本发明中所述的 "可操作地连于"表示如下情况: 即线性 DNA序列的某些部分能 够影响同一线性 DNA序列其他部分的活性。 例如, 如果信号肽 DNA作为前体表达并参 与多肽的分泌, 那么信号肽 (分泌前导序列) DNA就是可操作地连于多肽 DNA; 如果启动 子控制序列的转录, 那么它是可操作地连于编码序列; 如果核糖体结合位点被置于能 使其翻译的位置时, 那么它是可操作地连于编码序列。 一般, "可操作地连于"意味 着相邻, 而对于分泌前导序列则意味着在阅读框中相邻。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 将步骤(1 ) 中的重组质粒转入农杆菌, 将含重组质粒 的农杆菌同真核宿主细胞共培养, 在 22-28Ό条件下, 暗培养 1-2天后, 通过筛选(如 抗生素筛选), 获得含有 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸的转化细胞, 并再生转基因植株及 其后代。
在本发明中, " SEQ ID NO: 1 "指编码具有 SEQ ID NO: 1 蛋白活性的多肽的核苷 酸序列及其简并序列。 该简并序列是指所述序列中有一个或多个密码子被编码相同氨 基酸的简并密码子所取代后而产生的序列。 由于密码子的简并性, 所以与 SEQ ID NO: 1同源性低至约 89%的简并序列也能编码出 SEQ ID NO: 1所述的序列。 该术语还包括 能在中度严谨条件下, 更佳的在高度严谨条件下与 SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸序列杂交的核 苷酸序列。 该术语还包括与 SEQ ID NO: 1中的核苷酸序列的同源性至少 80%, 更佳地 至少 90%, 最佳地至少 95%的核苷酸序列。 在本发明中的相同功能是指提高植物的抗旱 性。
该术语还包括能编码具有与天然的 SEQ ID NO: 1相同功能的蛋白的 SEQ ID NO: 1 中开放阅读框序列的变异形式。这些变异形式包括 (但并不限于): 若干个 (通常为 1-90 个, 较佳地 1-60个, 更佳地 1-20个, 最佳地 1-10个)核苷酸的缺失、插入和 /或取代, 以及在 5'和 /或 3'端添加数个 (通常为 60个以内, 较佳地为 30个以内, 更佳地为 10个 以内, 最佳地为 5个以内)核苷酸。
在本发明中, SEQ ID N0: 2蛋白或多肽指具有 SEQ ID NO: 1编码的蛋白活性多肽。 这些变异形式包括但并不限于若干个 (通常为 1-50个, 较佳地 1-30个, 更佳地 1-20 个, 最佳地 1-10个)氨基酸的缺失、 插入和 /或取代, 以及在 C末端和 /或 N末端添加 一个或数个 (通常为 20个以内, 较佳地为 10个以内, 更佳地为 5个以内)氨基酸。 例 如, 在所述蛋白中, 用性能相近或相似的氨基酸进行取代时, 通常不会改变蛋白质的 功能。 又比如, 在 C末端和 /或 N末端添加一个或数个氨基酸通常也不会改变蛋白质的 功能。 该术语还包括 SEQ ID NO: 2蛋白的活性片段和活性衍生物。
本发明的 SEQ ID N0: 2多肽的变异形式包括: 同源序列、 保守性变异体、 等位变 异体、 天然突变体、 诱导突变体、 在高或低的严谨条件下能与 SEQ ID NO: 1杂交的 DNA 所编码的蛋白、 以及利用 SEQ ID NO: 2多肽的抗血清获得的多肽或蛋白。 本发明还提 供了其他多肽, 如包含 SEQ ID NO: 2多肽或其片段的融合蛋白。 除了几乎全长的多肽 夕卜, 本发明还包括 SEQ ID NO: 2多肽的可溶性片段。 该片段可具有 SEQ ID NO: 2多 肽序列的至少约 10个连续氨基酸, 通常至少约 30个连续氨基酸, 较佳地至少约 50个 连续氨基酸, 更佳地至少约 80个连续氨基酸, 最佳地至少约 100个连续氨基酸。
在本发明中, " SEQ ID NO: 2保守性变异多肽"指与 SEQ ID NO: 2的氨基酸序列 相比, 有至多 10个, 较佳地至多 8个, 更佳地至多 5个氨基酸被性质相似或相近的氨 基酸所替换而形成多肽。 这些保守性变异多肽最好根据表 1进行替换而产生。
表 1氨基酸替换表
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000012_0001
本发明还包括 SEQ ID NO: 2蛋白或多肽的类似物。 这些类似物与天然 SEQ ID NO: 2多肽的差别可以是氨基酸序列上的差异, 也可以是不影响序列的修饰形式上的差异, 或者兼而有之。 这些多肽包括天然或诱导的遗传变异体。 诱导变异体可以通过各种技 术得到, 如通过辐射或暴露于诱变剂而产生随机诱变, 还可通过定点诱变法或其他已 知分子生物学的技术。类似物还包括具有不同于天然 L-氨基酸的残基 (如 D-氨基酸)的 类似物,以及具有非天然存在的或合成的氨基酸 (如 β、 y -氨基酸)的类似物。应理解, 本发明的多肽并不限于上述例举的代表性的多肽。
修饰 (通常不改变一级结构)形式包括: 体内或体外的多肽的化学衍生形式如乙酰 化或羧基化。 修饰还包括糖基化, 如那些在多肽的合成和加工中或进一歩加工歩骤中 进行糖基化修饰而产生的多肽。这种修饰可以通过将多肽暴露于进行糖基化的酶 (如哺 乳动物的糖基化酶或去糖基化酶)而完成。 修饰形式还包括具有磷酸化氨基酸残基 (如 磷酸酪氨酸, 磷酸丝氨酸, 磷酸苏氨酸)的序列。 还包括被修饰从而提高了其抗蛋白水 解性能或优化了溶解性能的多肽。 还可用 Northern印迹法技术分析 SEQ ID NO: 1 基因产物的表达, 即分析 SEQ ID NO: 1 的 RNA转录物在细胞中的存在与否和数量。 SEQ ID NO: 1 RNA的 Northern印 迹分析和 SEQ ID NO: 2特异抗体的 Western印迹分析可以联合使用, 以证实 SEQ ID N0: 1在生物样本中的表达。
此外, 根据本发明的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列, 可以在核酸同源性或表达蛋白质 的同源性基础上, 筛选 SEQ ID NO: 1同源基因或同源蛋白。
为了得到与 SEQ ID NO: 1 基因相关的油菜 cDNAs的点阵, 可以用 DNA探针筛选油 菜 cDNA文库, 这些探针是在低严谨条件下, 用 32P对 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列的 全部或部分做放射活性标记而得的。 最适合于筛选的 cDNA文库是来自油菜的文库。 构 建来自感兴趣的细胞或者组织的 cDNA文库的方法是分子生物学领域众所周知的。 另外, 许多这样的 cDNA文库也可以购买到,例如购自 Clontech, Stratagene, Palo Alto, Cal.。 这种筛选方法可以识别与 SEQ ID NO: 1相关的基因家族的核苷酸序列。
一旦获得了有关的序列,就可以用重组法来大批量地获得有关序列。这通常是将其 克隆入载体,再转入细胞,然后通过常规方法从增殖后的宿主细胞中分离得到有关序列。
下面结合实施例, 对本发明作进一步说明。 下述实施例中, 凡未注明具体实验条 件的, 均为按照本领域技术人员熟知的常规条件, 例如 Sambrook, Russel l 的分子克 隆: 实验室手册(New York : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989)中所述的 条件, 或按照生产制造厂商所建议的条件。 下述实施例中, 所用载体 pET28, pGEX-2T, pGEM-T购自于 Qiagen公司, 菌株 BL21购自于 Qiagen公司,菌株 EHA105、载体 pBI 121 购自于 Clontech公司。 其余化学试剂均为市售分析纯。 下述实施例中, " SEQ ID N0: 1 "单独出现时, 本领域技术人员可理解 1其为 " SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列"的简 称, " SEQ ID NO: 4" 单独出现时, 本领域技术人员可理解其为 " SEQ ID NO: 4所示 核苷酸序列" 的简称。
实施例一: 本发明新基因的克隆及获取
以油菜中的 atp6 ( genebank gi : 89279377 )基因为诱饵蛋白, 根据酵母双杂交方 法 (见 Clontech公司所公开的资料), 筛选到油菜中的一个 EST序列(SEQ ID NO: 3所 示, 编码 SEQ ID N0: 3所示的氨基酸序列), 再根据这段筛选到的序列, 通过 5 ' RACE (见 Takara公司所公开的资料) 的方法获得本发明所述基因, 其核苷酸序列如序列表 中 SEQ ID NO: 1所示。 根据 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列设计引物:
上游引物 ( SEQ ID NO: 7): 5 ' - ATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG- 3 ' , 下游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 8): 5, -TCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3 ' 。
然后经 PCR从油菜 cDNA中扩增 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列。
PCR程序如下:
1. 95 °C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 °C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2〜4步骤 循环 30次
6. 72V 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存 。
对 PCR产物纯化(见 Qiagen公司所公开的 PCR产物纯化资料), 经测序验证, 得 到序列 SEQ ID NO: 1的基因片段。
实施例二: 表达 SEQ ID NO: 1的大肠杆菌的构建
1、 构建重组质粒及分子验证
根据 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列设计引物,
上游引物 ( SEQ ID NO: 9): 5 ' -CGCGGATCCATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG-3 ' , 下游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 10): 5, -CCGGAGCTCTCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3 ' 。 然后经 PCR从油菜 cDNA中扩增 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列
PCR程序如下:
1. 95 °C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 °C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2-4步骤 循环 30次
6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存 。
对 PCR产物纯化(见 Qiagen公司 PCR产物纯化试剂盒说明书), 然后用 BamHl与 Sac l酶切, 胶回收, 与原核表达载体 PET28连接(连接位点: BamHl与 Sacl ), 获得含 有 SEQ ID NO: 1序列的重组质粒, 将重组质粒转化 coil, 涂布于含 Amp的 LB固 体培养基上, 经测序验证, 得到含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒的 pET28菌株。 实施例三: 表达 SEQ ID NO: 1的大肠杆菌中的耐热性能试验
含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒的 E. coli pET28菌株的高温耐受性验证: 将 0D值为 0. 3的含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒的 E. coli pET28菌株、 0D值为 0. 3的宿主菌株 E. coli pET28, 以 1 %的接菌量分别涂布于 LB固体培养基中, 42 Ό培养过夜。 实验显示: 宿主 菌株 cW pET28在 42°C处理后不能生长 (见图 1-A ) ; 含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒 的 coli pET28菌株在 42°C的生长良好 (见图 1-B ) 。
按上述实验操作比较含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒的 co ' pET28菌株与宿主菌株 E. cWi pET28在 44°C温度条件下的生长情况。 实验显示: 含 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质 粒的 E coli pET28菌株的生长曲线呈对数增长 (见图 2, Zn-pET28 ) , 说明在 44°C温 度条件下生长正常; 宿主菌株 E. coli pET28在 44°C温度条件下不能生长 (见图 2, pET28)。
实验结果表明: 含有 SEQ ID NO: 1重组质粒的 Ε· coli pET28菌株具有高温耐受 性。
实施例四: SEQ ID NO: 1在油菜细胞中表达及转基因植株的制备
1、 目的基因过量表达重组质粒和抑制表达重组质粒的构建
( 1 ) 目的基因过量表达重组质粒的构建
根据 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列设计引物,
上游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 11 ): 5, -CGCGGATCCATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG-3 ' ; 下游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 12): 5, -CCGGAGCTCTCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3 ' 。 经 PCR, 从油菜 cDNA中扩增完整的 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列,
PCR程序如下:
1. 95 °C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 "C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2_4步骤 循环: 30次
6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存
对 PCR产物纯化 (见 Qiagen公司所公开的资料), 然后用 BamHl与 Sacl酶切, 胶回收, 与载体 PBI 121连接 (连接位点: BamHl与 Sac l ), 获含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量 表达重组质粒。 将含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达重组质粒转入农杆菌中, 利用下胚轴浸 染的方法转化甘蓝型油菜。
( 2 ) 目的基因抑制表达重组质粒的构建
根据 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列设计引物,
上游引物 ( SEQ ID NO: 13): 5 ' -CCGGAGCTCATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG-3 ' , 下游引物 ( SEQ ID NO: 14): 5 ' -CGCGGATCCTCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3' 。 经 PCR, 从油菜 cDNA中扩增完整的 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列,
PCR程序如下:
1. 95 °C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 °C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2-4步骤 循环 30次
6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存 。
对 PCR产物纯化 (见 Qiagen公司所公开的资料), 然后用 BamHl与 Sacl酶切, 胶回收, 与载体 PBI 121连接 (连接位点: BamHl与 Sacl ), 获含 SEQ ID NO: 1的抑制 表达重组质粒。 将含 SEQ ID NO: 1的抑制表达重组质粒转入农杆菌中, 利用下胚轴浸 染的方法转化甘蓝型油菜 (见歩骤 2)。
2、 胚轴浸染的方法转化甘蓝型油菜
( 1 ) 无菌苗的获取
选取籽粒饱满的甘蓝型油菜种子, 4°C过夜春化(保持种子发芽同步), 然后取出, 用 70%乙醇浸泡 30s, 0. 1%的升汞 (HgCl2 ) 溶液浸泡 8-10 min, 无菌水冲洗 5次, 滤 纸吸干,接种于 MS固体培养基上。置培养室中 24°C,暗培养 2-3天,然后取出光照 16h/d 继续萌发。 取 5-7cm (约 7_8天)无菌苗下胚轴作为转化受体。
( 2 ) 下胚轴的预培养
将油菜下胚轴切成 7讓左右小段, 分散均匀置于预培养基(MS+ 2mg/L 6-BA, lmg/L 2, 4-D, 2. 5mg/L AgN03, 19. 62mg/L AS) 中进行 Γ3天的预培养 (可见下胚轴变粗)。
( 3 ) 下胚轴的浸染及共培养
挑取含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达重组质粒的农杆菌、 含 SEQ ID NO: 1的抑制表达 重组质粒的农杆菌, 分别接种于含 20mg/L Str, 50mg/L Kan, 40mg/L Rif的 LB液体培 养基中, 28°C摇菌过夜后收集菌体, 重悬于含 100mg/L AS的 MS液体培养基中至 0D6。。 = 0. 4-0. 6, 28°C摇菌 1- 2h。
将经预培养的健壮的油菜下胚轴分别浸入含 SEQ ID NO: 1 的过量表达重组质粒的 农杆菌和含 SEQ ID NO: 1 的抑制表达重组质粒的农杆菌的菌液中 30s_l min, 此期间 不断振荡使菌液与油菜下胚轴充分接触。 用无菌滤纸迅速吸干多余的菌液, 将油菜下 胚轴平放于共培养基 (MS+ 2mg/L 6-BA, lmg/L 2, 4- D, 2. 5mg/L AgN03, 19. 62mg/L AS) 上, 共培养 2d。
(4) 筛选培养与芽的诱导
将共培养后的两种油菜下胚轴分别接入分化培养基(MS+ 2mg/L 6-BA, lmg/L 2, 4-D,
2. 5mg/L AgN03, 19. 62mg/L AS) 中继续培养。 每 2周更新培养基一次, 培养 4周, 得 到愈伤芽。
( 5 ) 生根
在筛选培养基 (MS+2mg/L 6-BA, 2. 5mg/L AgN03, 500mg/L Carb, lOmg/L Kan) 上 待两种愈伤芽长至有 4-6片真叶时,将芽从愈伤组织中切下,移入生根培养基(1/2 MS, 0. 15mg/L NAA, 250mg/L Cef )中。 待再生苗根系生长发达时, 将培养罐移至室外 2_3d, 然后将培养罐盖揭开, 在培养室中炼苗 2-3d。
(6 ) 盆栽培养
将含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达和含 SEQ ID NO: 1的抑制表达转基因植株分别在 生根培养基上发育出完整根系, 将其转入盆栽。
( 7 ) 转基因油菜的 PCR检测
待土壤中两种再生植株长大后, 各取叶片少量抽提总 DNA, 以提取的 DNA做模板, 分别进行 PCR检测。
I . 目的基因过量表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系检测
上游引物 ( SEQ ID NO: 15): 5 ' ATTTCATTTGGAGAGAACACGG 3'
下游引物 ( SEQ ID NO: 16): 5 ' TCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT 3 '
PCR程序如下:
1. 95 °C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 °C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性) 4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2_4步骤 循环 37次
6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
Figure imgf000018_0001
然后琼脂糖电泳检测是否有目标条带出现, 若有则代表目的基因已转入甘蓝型油 菜。 检测结果见图 3-A。
II. 目的基因抑制表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系检测
上游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 17): 5' ATTTCATTTGGAGAGAACACGG 3'
下游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 18): 5' ATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG 3'
PCR程序如下:
1. 95 °C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 °C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2-4步骤 循环 37次
6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存 0
然后琼脂糖电泳检测是否有目标条带出现, 若有则代表目的基因已转入甘蓝型油 菜。 检测结果见图 3-B。
3、 利用 RT-PCR检测 SEQ ID NO: 1在转基因油菜植株中的表达
(1) 含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达和含 SEQ ID NO: 1的抑制表达转基因植株以及 甘蓝型油菜的 RNA制备与定量: 制备参考 《分子克隆》 (Sambrook等, 1989)。
(2) 将含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达和含 SEQ ID NO: 1的抑制表达转基因植株以 及甘蓝型油菜的丽分别反转录成单链 cDNA。
分别取上述三种植物材料 2ug总 RNA, 置 65°C变性 5min。 在 1.5ml Eppendorf管 中依次加入下列物质: 热变性 RNA, 4ul 5X 1st Strand Synthesis Buffer, lul DNTP, lul Nase Inhibitor, lul Oligo (dT) 18 (0.5g/L) , lul M-MLV, H20补足到 20ul, 混 合均匀后, 于 42°C保温 lh。
(3) 半定量 PCR反应
1)模板量的确定 先用 actin基因作为内参, 以反转录产物单链 cDNA为模板进行 PCR扩增, 使上述 三种反转录的单链 cDNA所扩增的 actin的量一致 (以电泳条带的光密度值计量), 进 一步确定所需的单链 cDNA的模板量。
PCR扩增程序:
1. 95 "C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 "C 30s (变性)
3. 53 "C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2-4步骤 循环 27次
6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存
2)循环数的确定
以上述三种反转录的单链 cDNA为模板, 分别对 actin基因与 SEQ ID NO: 1基因 进行 PCR扩增, 分别在 15、 18、 21、 24、 27、 30循环时取样跑电泳以确定指数增长期 和平台期。 在指数增长期进行样品的半定量 PCR反应 (21个循环)。
PCR扩增程序:
1. 95 °C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 °C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2-4步骤 循环 21次
6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存 。
试验结果证实: 在 SEQ ID NO: 1过量表达转基因甘蓝型油菜 (Zn-OE)中, SEQ ID NO: 1基因表达量增加, 是对照植株 (甘蓝型油菜: WT) 的 2. 5倍; 在 SEQ ID NO: 1 抑制表达转基因甘蓝型油菜 (Zn-DN) 中, SEQ ID N0: 1基因表达量减少, 只有对照植 株 (甘蓝型油菜: WT)的一半。 检测结果见图 6。
实施例五: 含 SEQ ID NO: 1的转基因植株温度耐受性鉴定
将实施例四所获含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达和抑制表达的甘蓝型油菜转基因株系 的种子分别放置于湿润的滤纸上萌发,待破壳后移入腐殖土中, 22°C培养 15天左右(两 片真叶长成), 然后转入 34°C热胁迫, 条件为日照 14h、 黑暗 10h。 热胁迫 3天后, 甘 蓝型油菜生长受到抑制, 含 SEQ ID N0: 1的抑制表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系开始死亡, 含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达甘蓝型油菜转基因植株生长正常 (见图 4-B, 图 5_A)。 热 胁迫 5天后, 甘蓝型油菜和含 SEQ ID NO: 1的抑制表达甘蓝型油菜转基因株系都已经 死亡, 而含 SEQ ID NO: 1过量表达的甘蓝型油菜转基因植株尚存活, 生长正常 (见图 4-C, 图 5-B)。
耐热性试验结果证实: 含 SEQ ID N0: 1过量表达的甘蓝型油菜转基因植株对温度 的耐受性提高, 而含 SEQ ID NO: 1 抑制表达的甘蓝型油菜转基因植株对热的耐受能 力降低, 说明 SEQ ID NO: 1的表达产物在功能上与耐热相关。
实施例六: SEQ ID NO: 2所示多肽的表达和检测
1、 含目的基因重组质粒的构建
根据 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列设计引物,
上游引物 ( SEQ ID NO: 19): 5 ' -CCGGAATTCATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG-3 ' , 下游引物 ( SEQ ID NO: 20): 5 ' - GCTCTAGATC AGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3 ' 。 经 PCR从油菜 cDNA中扩增 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列,
PCR程序如下:
1. 95 °C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 °C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2-4步骤 循环 30次
6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存 。
对 PCR产物纯化 (见 Qiagen公司所公开的资料), 然后用 EcoRl与 Xbal l酶切, 胶回收, 与原核表达载体 PGEX-2T连接(连接位点: EcoRl与 Xbal l ), 获含 SEQ ID NO: 1基因的重组质粒, 将上述重组质粒转化到 E. coli菌株 BL21。
2、 诱导和纯化靶蛋白表达
( 1 ) 分别挑取对照菌(BL21+pGEX-2T : 定义为 GTK)和含有重组质粒菌 (BL21+pGEX-2T- SEQ ID NO: 1: 定义为 GTK-Zn) 的 1个单菌落, 接入含氨苄青霉素 ( 50ug/ml ) 的 LB培养液, 37 °C培养过夜。 (2) 取 5ml 接入含氨苄青霉素 (50ug/ml) 的诱导培养液, 37°C震荡培养至 0D=0.6—0.8, 加入异丙基 -β -D-硫代半乳糖苷 (IPTG) 至终浓度 1讓 ol/L, 3(TC继续 培养 4h。
(3) 5000g离心 lOmin收集细胞。
(4) 每 100ml培养物的细胞沉淀悬于 4ml PBS。
(5)超声波破碎至重悬物澄清。
(6) 4°C10000g离心 30min, 上清转移到一个新管中。
(7)细胞裂解物与 50%谷胱甘肽一琼脂糖树脂匀浆混合,每 100ml细胞培养物加 2ml 树脂, 于室温轻摇 30min。
(8) 混合物于 4°C以 500g离心 5min, 去掉上清。
(9)沉淀中加入 10倍柱床体积的 PBS, 颠倒离心管数次混匀, 洗去未与树脂结合的 蛋白。
(10) 4°C以 500g离心 5min, 去掉上清。
(11) 结合的 GST融合蛋白用谷胱甘肽洗脱缓冲液洗脱。
(12) SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析结果。
试验结果证实: 在 E. coli中, 含 SEQ ID NO: 1基因的 pGEX_2T (GTK-Zn)重组质粒 在 £ C07i中诱导表达出与预期一致的蛋白质条带 (58KD), 见图 7。
实施例七 : SEQ ID NO: 1的替换与缺失及在大肠杆菌中的表达和耐热性能分析
1. 核苷酸序列 SEQ ID NO: 1的替换与缺失
根据 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列, 设计引物:
上游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 21): 5' - ATGGCTGATGATTTCAGTTTATGTAC-3, ; 下游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 22): 5' - TTGGGTTGGATATTGGCGGCGGCTG- 3, 。
以连接有 SEQ ID NO: 1的载体 pET28做模板, PCR扩增出 SEQ ID NO: 5序列 (SEQ ID NO: 2序列 N端的第二个丝氨酸替换成丙氨酸以及第五位的亮氨酸替换成苯丙氨酸, 并且 C端缺失三个氨基酸,其编码的氨基酸序列如 SEQ IDN0:6所示),然后连接 pGEM-T 入载体。
2. 构建含 SEQ ID NO: 5所示核苷酸序列的重组质粒及分子验证
设计扩增出完整编码 SEQ ID NO: 5序列的引物
上游引物 (SEQ ID N0: 23): 5, -CCGGAATTCATGGCTGATGATTTCAG TTTATGTAC -3' , 下游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 24): 5' - CCGGAGCTCTTGGGTTGGATATTGGCGGCGGCTG -3' 经 PCR从连接有 SEQ ID NO: 5的 pGEM_T载体中扩增 SEQ ID NO: 5的核苷酸序列。
PCR程序如下:
1. 95 °C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 °C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2_4步骤 循环 30次
6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存
对 PCR产物纯化 (见 Qiagen公司所公开的资料), 然后用 BamHl与 Sacl酶切, 胶回收, 与 PET28连接 (连接位点: BamHl与 Sac l ), 获含 SEQ ID NO: 5的重组质粒。 将含 SEQ ID NO: 5的重组质粒转化^: coli, 涂布于含 Amp的 LB固体培养基上。 经测 序验证, 得到含 SEQ ID NO: 4的重组质粒的 co7 pET28菌株。
3. 含 SEQ ID NO: 5重组质粒的 co7 pET28菌株的高温耐受性验证
将含 SEQ ID NO: 5重组质粒的 coli pET28菌株, 对照宿主菌株 coli pET28 以相同的接菌量 (0D6。。=0. 3 ) 分别涂布于加有异丙基 - β -D-硫代半乳糖苷 (IPTG ) 的 固体培养基中, 42 °C培养过夜。 对照宿主菌株 £ coli pET28在 42°C处理后不能生长 (见图 8-A) ; 含有 SEQ ID N0: 5的重组质粒 pET28菌株在 42 °C的生长良好 (见 图 8- B)。
实验结果证实: SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列的替换与缺失, 例如 SEQ ID NO: 5 核苷酸序列在大肠杆菌中的表达同样具有耐热的功能。
实施例八 干旱胁迫对转基因油菜种子萌发及幼苗存活的影响
在实验室内一般可以采用 PEG、甘露醇、蔗糖等溶液模拟干旱条件以测试植物的生 长情况。 Hohl等对上述胁迫剂研究的多项结果都支持用 PEG作为渗透剂, 研究植物的 水分关系。分子量 6000的 PEG 比分子量较低的 PEG,如 PEG1000、 2000等的效果更好。 可能是因为 PEG6000 的分子量较大, 不会进入植物细胞造成伤害。 蔗糖溶液易诱发霉 菌, 一般不用作渗透剂。 因此, 本实施例采用 PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫条件。
选三个株系上述制备的转基因型 (0E ) 油菜与非转基因的野生型 (WT )各 100粒 大小均匀、 饱满、 无病虫的油菜种子进行发芽。 将 8层吸水纸放入培养皿中, 再放一 层滤纸作为发芽床, 处理组发芽床加 10mL 10 %的 PEG6000溶液。 对照组则分别选取三 个株系转基因型 (0E) 与非转基因的野生型 (WT) 各 100粒大小均匀、 饱满、 无病虫 的油菜种子进行发芽,则加 10mL蒸馏水, 置于恒温 25Ό室内在自然光照下进行发芽。 7d后测定存活幼苗数、计算成苗率, 随机选取 10株幼苗测定苗高、主根长、单株鲜重。 试验重复 3次。 计算和测定方法如下:
相对发芽率 = (处理发芽率 /对照发芽率) χιοο% ;
相对苗高= (处理苗高 /对照苗高) X100% ;
相对鲜重= (处理鲜重 /对照鲜重) X100% ;
相对活力指数 = (处理成苗率 X处理幼苗苗高) I (对照成苗率 X对照幼苗苗高) X100%;
实验结果 (见表 2) 表明转 TT1基因油菜种子萌发率和幼苗生长情况优于野生型。
表 2 干旱胁迫对转 TT1基因油菜种子萌发及幼苗存活的影响
Figure imgf000023_0001
实施例九干旱胁迫对转基因油菜脯氨酸 (Pro)含量的影响
1、 标准曲线的绘制
(1)在分析天平上精确称取 25mg脯氨酸, 倒入小烧杯内, 用少量蒸馏水溶解, 然后倒入 250ml容量瓶中, 加蒸馏水定容至刻度, 此标准液中每 ml含脯氨酸 100 μ g。
(2) 取 6支试管, 分别吸取 2ml系列标准浓度的脯氨酸溶液及 2ml冰醋酸和 2ml 酸性茚三酮溶液, 每管在沸水浴中加热 30min。
(3) 冷却后各试管准确加入 ½1甲苯, 振荡 30S, 静置片刻, 使色素全部转至甲 苯溶液。
(4)用注射器轻轻吸取各管上层脯氨酸甲苯溶液至比色杯中, 以甲苯溶液为空白 对照, 于 520nm波长处进行比色。
(5)标准曲线的绘制: 先求出吸光度值 (Y) 依脯氨酸浓度 (X) 而变的回归方程 式, 再按回归方程式绘制标准曲线, 计算 2ml测定液中脯氨酸的含量 ( g/2ml)。
2、 样品的测定
(1) 脯氨酸的提取: 准确称取在相同正常培养条件下培养 30天后的油菜 (上述 制备的转基因油菜三个株系以及野生型油菜各 3株) 叶片 0.2〜0.5g, 分别置大管中, 然后向各管分别加入 5ml 3 %的磺基水杨酸溶液, 在沸水浴中提取 lOmin, (提取过程 中要经常摇动), 冷却后过滤于干净的试管中, 滤液即为脯氨酸的提取液。
( 2 ) 吸取 2ml提取液于另一干净的带玻塞试管中, 加入 2ml冰醋酸及 2ml酸性茚 三酮试剂, 在沸水浴中加热 30min, 溶液即呈红色。
( 3 )冷却后加入 4ml甲苯, 摇荡 30S, 静置片刻, 取上层液至 10ml离心管中, 在
3000rpm下离心 5min。
(4) 用吸管轻轻吸取上层脯氨酸红色甲苯溶液于比色杯中, 以甲苯为空白对照, 在分光光度计上 520ηπι波长处比色, 求得吸光度值。
3、 结果计算
从标准曲线上査出 2ml测定液中脯氨酸的含量 (X g/2ml ), 然后计算样品中脯氨 酸含量的百分数。 计算公式: 脯氨酸含量 ( g/g) = [X X 5/2] /样重 (g)。 求得平均 值, 结果见图 9:
经过测算, 发现转 SEQ ID N0: 1基因的油菜 0E ( 1 )、 0E ( 2)、 0E ( 3), 其脯氨酸 的含量确实大于野生型油菜, 其中 0E ( 3 )的含量极高。 由于脯氨酸在植物细胞适应胁 迫过程中起重要作用, 其作用主要表现为细胞内的渗透调节剂、 还原剂或能量来源、 N 素储藏物质、 羟基自由基清除剂、 细胞内酶的保护剂以及降低细胞内酸度和调节氧化 还原电势等。 因此在正常培养条件下, 转 TT1 基因油菜的应对干旱引起的渗透胁迫的 能力比野生型油菜强。
实施例十 转 SEQ ID NO: 1油菜幼苗期植株抗旱能力测试
将正常条件下共培养 20天的油菜幼苗 (野生型与转基因型)进行干旱处理, 停止 浇水 8天, 期间定期观察其生长情况。 结果如下: 停止浇水当天基本无区别 (参见图 10); 停止浇水 5天后, 野生型幼苗已停止生长, 所有叶片均已干枯萎蔫(参见图 11 ); 而转 TT1基因型幼苗仍能生长, 且保持 1-2片绿叶。 停止浇水 8天后, 野生型幼苗彻 底干枯死亡; 而转 TT1基因型幼苗仍能存活生长, 甚至仍保持 1-2片鲜绿叶 (参见图 12)。
实施例十一、 转 SEQ ID NO: 1拟南芥植株制备和种子的获得
1、 转基因拟南芥植株和种子的获得
根据 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列设计引物,
上游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 25): 5' -CGCGGATCCATGTCGGATCATTTGAGTTTATG-3 ' , 下游引物 (SEQ ID NO: 26): 5' -CCGGAGCTCTCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT-3 '。 经 PCR, 从油菜 cDNA中扩增完整的 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序歹 ί
PCR程序如下:
1. 95 °C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 °C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
5. 2〜4步骤 循环 30次
6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存 。
对 PCR产物纯化 (见 Qiagen公司 PCR产物纯化试剂盒说明书), 然后用 BamHl与
Sacl酶切, 胶回收, 与载体 PBI 121连接(连接位点: BamHl与 Sacl ), 获含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达重组质粒。 将含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达重组质粒转入农杆菌中, 利用 花序浸染法转化拟南芥。 详细步骤如下:
A、挑取含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达重组质粒的农杆菌接种于含 20mg/L Str, 50mg/L Kan, 40mg/L Rif的 LB液体培养基中, 28°C摇菌过夜后收集菌体, 重悬于含 0. 01%表面 活性剂 si lwet-77的 MS液体培养基中至 0 。。=0. 4-0. 6, 28°C摇菌 l_2h, 菌液待用。
B、 将培养 60天的拟南芥已长出的花序剪掉, 用含有 SEQ ID NO: 1的过量表达重 组质粒的农杆菌菌液浸泡花序 2分钟, 之后暗培养 48小时, 暗培养后的拟南芥苗即可 移入正常光照环境生长, 随后长出的荚果即为转 TT1基因 T0代种子。
2、 转基因鉴定
将收获的种子栽种, 长至 50天后, 取少许叶片进行 PCR检测
上游引物 ( SEQ ID NO: 27): 5 ' ATTTCATTTGGAGAGAACACGG 3'
下游引物 ( SEQ ID NO: 28): 5 ' TCAGACTGGTGTTGGGTTGGATAT 3 '
根据 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列设计引物,
PCR程序如下:
1. 95 "C 4min (预变性)
2. 95 °C 30s (变性)
3. 53 °C 30s (复性)
4. 72 °C 50s (延伸)
55.. 22〜〜44歩步骤骤 循环 37次 6. 72 °C 5min (终延伸)
7. 4°C 保存 。
然后琼脂糖电泳检测是否有目标条带出现, 若有则代表目的基因已转入拟南芥。 检测结果见图 13:
从图 13可见, 1〜12道为转基因拟南芥基因组 DNA, 13道为含 SEQ ID NO: 1的过 量表达重组质粒碰, 待检测 DNA的目的条带与过量表达质粒丽的带一致, 说明为 SEQ ID NO: 1核苷酸过量表达转基因阳性植株并制得其种子。
3、 转基因阳性植株成熟后, 收集种子备用。 同理, 制得 SEQ ID NO: 3序列过表 达的拟南芥植株制备和种子备用。
实施例十二、 不同浓度 NaCl对拟南芥种子萌发率的影响
盐碱土的盐类通常为 NaCl、 Na2S0 、 Na2C0和 NaHC03等, 盐胁迫除了也能造成水 势降低外还有 Na离子升高造成的离子胁迫, 影响了植物对 K离子和 Ca离子等营养的 吸收, 从而对植物造成伤害。 因此, 本实验采用 NaCl模拟盐胁迫条件。
配制好的 MS培养基(配方见表 3, pH用 K0H调至 5. 8 )在灭菌之前分别将 NaCl添 加进去, 使得 NaCl终浓度分别为 0 醒 ol/L (对照组) 、 50 讓 ol/L、 100 mmol/L. 150 mmol/U 200 匪 ol/L、 250 匪 ol/L、 300醒 ol/L, 高压蒸汽灭菌后分装到培养皿中。 培 养基凝固后用 2mL无菌水悬浮种子转入培养基上, 待种子均匀播种后除去多余无菌水, 打开皿盖, 于无菌环境中放置 lh至表面干燥, 封口, 然后放到培养室 (22°C, 光照强 度 6000〜8000 lx, 16 h/8 h光暗周期, 相对湿度 70 %)培养, 每个处理 3个重复, 每 天观察萌发及其他表型, 统计萌发数, 取其平均值。
表 3 MS培养基配方
Figure imgf000026_0001
氯化钴 CoC12.6H20 0.025
铁 乙二胺四乙酸二钠 Na2.EDTA 37.3
硫酸亚铁 FeS024.7H20 27.8
肌醇 100
甘氨酸 2
盐酸硫胺素 VB1 0.1
盐酸吡哆醇 VB6 0.5
烟酸 VB5 或 VPP 0.5
庶糖 sucrose 30g L
琼脂 agar 7g L 实验结果表明: 非转基因拟南芥种子对 NaCl的浓度变化较敏感 (见图 14), 甚至 在 250mM、 300mM都基本不发芽; 而转 TT1基因拟南芥种子对 NaCl的耐受性较好 (见 图 15), 在 50mM、 100mM、 150mM浓度下, 种子最终的萌发率都较高, 即使在 200mM、 250mM、 300mM浓度下, 仍保持一定的萌发率, 且其萌发率明显高于非转基因型。 实施例十三、 不同浓度 NaCl对拟南芥脯氨酸 (Pro)含量的测定
1. 茚三酮溶液显色法标准曲线的绘制
(1) 在分析天平上精确称取 25mg脯氨酸, 倒入小烧杯内, 用少量蒸馏水溶解, 然后倒入 250ml容量瓶中, 加蒸馏水定容至刻度, 此标准液中每 ml含脯氨酸 100 g。
(2) 取 6支试管, 分别吸取 2ml系列标准浓度的脯氨酸溶液及 2ml冰醋酸和 2ml 酸性茚三酮溶液, 每管在沸水浴中加热 30min。
(3) 冷却后各试管准确加入 ½1甲苯, 振荡 30S, 静置片刻, 使色素全部转至甲 苯溶液。
(4)用注射器轻轻吸取各管上层脯氨酸甲苯溶液至比色杯中, 以甲苯溶液为空白 对照, 于 520nm波长处进行比色 (北京普析通仪器公司 TU-1800型紫外分光光度计)。
(5)标准曲线的绘制: 先求出吸光度值 (Y) 依脯氨酸浓度 (X) 而变的回归方程 式, 再按回归方程式绘制标准曲线, 计算 2ml测定液中脯氨酸的含量 ( g/2ml)。
2.样品的测定
(1) 脯氨酸的提取: 准确称取在同一生长条件下培养 20天后的拟南芥 (转基因 四个株系以及野生型) 幼苗 0.2〜0.5g, 分别置大管中, 然后向各管分别加入 5ml 3% 的磺基水杨酸溶液, 在沸水浴中提取 10min, (提取过程中要经常摇动), 冷却后过滤于 干净的试管中, 滤液即为脯氨酸的提取液。 ( 2 ) 吸取 2ml提取液于另一干净的带玻塞试管中, 加入 2ml冰醋酸及 2ml酸性茚 三酮试剂, 在沸水浴中加热 30min, 溶液即呈红色。
( 3 )冷却后加入 4ml甲苯, 摇荡 30S, 静置片刻, 取上层液至 10ml离心管中, 在 3000rpm下离心 5min。
( 4 ) 用吸管轻轻吸取上层脯氨酸红色甲苯溶液于比色杯中, 以甲苯为空白对照, 在分光光度计上 520nm波长处比色, 求得吸光度值。
3. 结果计算
从标准曲线上查出 2ml测定液中脯氨酸的含量 (X w g/2ml ), 然后计算样品中脯氨 酸含量的百分数。 计算公式: 脯氨酸含量 ( g/g) = [X X 5/2] /样重 (g)。 求得平均 值, 平均值结果见图 16。
实验结果如下: 如图 17可以直观看出, 茚三酮显色后, RLD比 0Ea、 0Eb、 0Ec、 OEd颜色浅, 其中 OEa和 OEd的颜色明显比其他颜色深, 即过量表达株系的脯氨酸表达 量比野生 RLD型的高。
经过测算, 发现转 TT1基因的拟南芥, 其脯氨酸的含量确实大于野生 RLD型, 其 中 OEa和 OEd的含量极高 (结果见图 16)。
由于脯氨酸在植物细胞适应胁迫过程中起重要作用, 其作用主要表现为细胞内的 渗透调节剂、还原剂或能量来源、 N素储藏物质、羟基自由基清除剂、 细胞内酶的保护 剂以及降低细胞内酸度和调节氧化还原电势等。 因此在正常培养条件下, 转 TT1基因 拟南芥的应对盐碱引起的渗透胁迫的能力比野生 RLD型强。
实施例十四 转 SEQ ID NO: 1基因微生物在各种 ΙΉ条件下的生长实验
配制培养基:配制 LB液体培养基,加入抗生素 Kan 50ug/ml, Cam 50ug/ml及 0. ImM IPTG后, 分装, 分别调 pH至 4. 0、 5. 5、 7. 0、 8. 5、 10. 0后再分装试管, 每种 pH装 2 管, 每管 5ml, 待用。
制备细菌悬液: 取转 TT1基因 E. coli pET28和非转基因大肠杆菌单菌落 37°C过 夜活化。
滴加供试菌: 在各 PH水平的每管 LB液体培养基中接入活化菌液 0. 05ml , 摇匀后 振荡培养 (37 °C, 225rpm, 14h)。
培养与观察: 37°C培养 14h后观察结果。 以目测来判断转 TT1基因大肠杆菌在各 档 pH条件下的生长情况(以" -"表示不生长, "+ "表示稍有生长, "++"表示生长好, "+++"表示高浓度菌液), 结果见图 19。 同时定时多次测试 0D值, 用以绘制不同 pH 值下的生长曲线, 结果见图 18。
结果发现转有 TT1耐热基因的大肠杆菌比非转基因的大肠杆菌有较高的酸碱耐受 性。 正常 pH条件下(pH7. 0), 转 TT1基因(T )和非转基因 (C) 的生长情况基本相同, 如图可见, 菌液浓度基本一致。 而在酸性条件下, 转 TT1基因 (T) 和非转基因 (C) 的生长情况出现差异, 如图可见, PH5. 5时, 转 TT1基因 (T ) 菌液浓度较高, 非转基 因 (C) 菌液浓度较低; pH4. 0时, 转 TT1基因 (T ) 菌液浓度较高, 非转基因 (C) 细 菌几乎不生长。 而在碱性性条件下, 转 TT1基因 (T)和非转基因 (C) 的生长情况也 存在差异, 如图可见, PH8. 5时, 转 TT1基因 (T )菌液浓度较高, 非转基因 (C)菌液 浓度较低; pHIO时, 转 TT1基因 (T )菌液浓度较高, 非转基因 (C)细菌几乎不生长。
定时多次对 37 °C、 pH4. 0条件下, 转 TT1基因大肠杆菌和非转基因大肠杆菌的生 长情况进行测定(北京普析通仪器公司 TU-1800型紫外分光光度计), 0D值越大, 表明 菌液浓度越大, 如图可见, 随时间变化, 转 TT1基因大肠杆菌的生长曲线斜率明显大 于非转 TT1基因大肠杆菌, 说明转 TT1基因大肠杆菌的生长速度明显大于非转 TT1基 因大肠杆菌。 实施例十五 SEQ ID NO: 1基因提高抗逆性的初步机理研究
本发明使用宝生物工程 (大连) 有限公司销售的 coli CHIP Version 2. 0基因 芯片, 按其说书进行操作 (基因筛选标准见表 4), 对过表达 TT1基因的大肠杆菌与空 白对照的大肠杆菌的基因组表达进行比较, 以初歩探讨 TT1 基因提高微生物耐酸碱性 和植物抗盐碱性的机理。
参照组: 转入空载 pET28a的大肠杆菌 (Cy3) , 实验组: 转入 ΠΊ- pET28a的大肠 杆菌 (Cy5)。
表 4基因筛选标准
Cy5/Cy3_ratio Cy5/Cy3_ratio Cy3_S-B Cy5_S-B Cy3_posi Cy5_posi
(G) (G) (G) (G)
>=2 >=200 1
>=2 >=200 1
>=2 >=200 1
>=2 >=200 1
<=0.5 >=200 1
<=0.5 >=200 1
<=0.5 >=200 1
Figure imgf000030_0001
基因芯片检测数据分析: C^ .全基因组约有 4400个不同的编码基因, 为了研 究大肠杆菌中与 TT1基因相互作用的基因, 本发明进行基因芯片分析。 分析发现, 其 中 yabF, rhsE, yhcP, yzpK, yhiR基因由于 TT1而受到上调表达。 通过深入研究, 发 现上调表达的这些基因中 yabF, rhsE, yhcP为与离子通道相关的基因, 即 TT1有可能 是通过与调控某些离子通道相关蛋白的作用, 而使细胞内外离子渗透平衡, 降低离子 过多而造成的损害。 上述结果为揭示微生物耐酸碱和植物耐盐碱的机理提供了依据。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种基因, 其特征在于: 具有序列表中 SEQ ID NO: 1所示的核苷酸序列。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的基因, 其特征在于: 具有在 SEQ ID NO: 1中的核苷酸 序列经过取代、缺失或添加一个或几个核苷酸所得的衍生序列,且该衍生序列与 SEQ ID NO: 1的序列编码功能相同的多肽。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的基因, 其特征在于: 所述基因能够编码具有提高植 物或微生物的抗逆性的多肽。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的基因, 其特征在于: 所述抗逆性为抗旱性、 耐酸碱性, 耐盐碱性或耐热性中的至少一种。
5、 根据权利要求 2所述的基因, 其特征在于: 具有序列表中 SEQ ID NO: 4所示的 核苷酸序列。
6、 一种多肽, 其特征在于:
( 1 ) : 氨基酸序列为序列表中 SEQ ID NO: 2所示;
或(2) : 在(1 ) 中的氨基酸序列经过取代、 缺失或添加至少一个氨基酸形成的衍 生氨基酸序列。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的多肽, 其特征在于: 所述的在 SEQ ID N0: 2所示的氨基 酸序列中经过取代、缺失或添加至少一个氨基酸形成的衍生氨基酸序列具有能提高植物 或微生物的抗逆性的功能。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的多肽, 其特征在于: 所述抗逆性为抗旱性、 耐酸碱性, 耐盐碱性或耐热性中的至少一种。
9、 编码权利要求 6〜8任一项所述多肽的基因。
10、 权利要求 6〜8任一项所述多肽的单克隆抗体。
11、权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5或 9任一项所述的基因在提高植物或微生物抗逆性中 的应用。
12、根据权利要求 11所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述抗逆性为抗旱性、耐酸碱性, 耐盐碱性或耐热性中的至少一种。
13、 权利要求 6〜8任一项所述多肽在提高植物或微生物抗逆性中的应用。
14、根据权利要求 13所述的应用, 其特征在于: 所述抗逆性为抗旱性、耐酸碱性, 耐盐碱性或耐热性中的至少一种。
15、 一种重组载体, 其特征在于它含有权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5或 9任一项所述的 基因。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的重组载体, 其特征在于可表达权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5或 9任一项所述的基因。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的重组载体, 其特征在于所述的重组载体为重组质粒。
18、 含有权利要求 15、 16或 17任一项所述重组载体的宿主细胞。
19、含有权利要求 15、 16或 17任一项所述重组载体的转基因植物或转基因微生物。
20、 一种植物转基因的方法, 其步骤如下:
( 1 )将权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5或 9中任一项所述的基因可操作地连于表达载体 上的植物表达调控序列, 形成含 SEQ ID N0: 1所示核苷酸序列的重组表达载体;
( 2 ) 将步骤(1)中的重组表达载体转入植物细胞;
( 3 ) 经筛选获得转化细胞, 然后将转化细胞再生形成转基因植株及其后代, 所述 后代包括植物种子及植物组织。
21、 一种微生物转基因的方法, 其步骤如下:
( 1 )将权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5或 9任一项所述的基因可操作地连于表达载体上 的微生物表达调控序列, 形成含 SEQ ID NO: 1所示核苷酸序列的重组表达载体;
( 2 ) 将步骤(1)中的重组表达载体转入微生物;
( 3 ) 经筛选获得转化的微生物。
22、 一种样品中是否含有权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4、 5或 9任一项所述的基因的序列 的检测方法, 其特征在于用待检测的目标基因制备的探针与样品进行杂交, 然后检测 样品与探针是否发生结合, 若样品与探针结合, 则样品中含有 SEQ ID NO: 1所述基因 的序列; 所述样品是被检测植株基因组经 PCR扩增后的产物。
23、 根据权利要求 22所述的检测方法, 其特征在于 PCR扩增引物对应于权利要求 1、 2、 3、 4或 11任一项所述的基因的核苷酸序列的两侧或中间, 引物长度为 15〜50 个核苷酸。
24、 根据权利要求 22或 23所述的检测方法, 其特征在于所述的探针具有目标基 因的核苷酸序列中的 8〜100个连续核苷酸。
25、根据权利要求 22或 23所述的检测方法, 其特征在于所述的探针具有目标基因的 核苷酸序列中的 15〜50个连续核苷酸。
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