WO2010070182A2 - Superficie estabilizadora horizontal de aeronave - Google Patents
Superficie estabilizadora horizontal de aeronave Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010070182A2 WO2010070182A2 PCT/ES2009/070596 ES2009070596W WO2010070182A2 WO 2010070182 A2 WO2010070182 A2 WO 2010070182A2 ES 2009070596 W ES2009070596 W ES 2009070596W WO 2010070182 A2 WO2010070182 A2 WO 2010070182A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aircraft
- horizontal
- plane
- fuselage
- symmetry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C5/00—Stabilising surfaces
- B64C5/02—Tailplanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C1/26—Attaching the wing or tail units or stabilising surfaces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aircraft stabilizing surface, in particular to the configuration of a horizontal aircraft stabilizing surface.
- the arrow of the supporting surfaces of the aircraft, or inclination of said supporting surfaces in the direction of the flight, is a design characteristic of the aircraft that fly at speeds close to those of sound and is motivated by aerodynamic considerations.
- the aerodynamic advantage of the arrow resides in that the adverse compressibility effects, produced by the overspeed of the current on the aerodynamic profile, which grow with the relative thickness of said profile, are related to the component essentially perpendicular to the 25% line of the rope of the supporting surface of the incident air stream on the aircraft. Therefore, for a given flight speed, a bearing surface with a given arrow angle will be subject to compressible effects equivalent to those of a bearing surface without an arrow but with an aerodynamic profile of relative thickness equal to the cosine of the arrow angle.
- a greater relative thickness of the profile results in a smaller structural weight of the supporting surface as the stresses on the coatings produced by the loads decrease aerodynamics
- bearing surfaces with large relative thicknesses of aerodynamic profiles promote adverse effects of air compressibility, which may manifest as shock waves on the supporting surface, with an associated increase in aerodynamic resistance and other adverse phenomena for flight. Therefore, the arrow of the supporting surfaces serves to reach a design compromise between their structural weight and the acceptable behavior in flight at speeds close to those of sound.
- the first aircraft built for high-speed flight with a significant arrow angle was the Junkers 287 in 1945.
- the arrow angle of the wings is negative, that is, the tips of the wings. wings are advanced in the direction of the flight with respect to the engagement, or union of the wings with the fuselage.
- the vast majority of high-speed airplanes have been built with positive arrow wings.
- negative arrow wings have associated structural behavior complications that have limited their use in aircraft design and can be summarized as follows: Aeroelastic deformation tends to increase structural loads and by both the weight of the supporting surface, specifically the wing; likewise, the increase in the wing lift gradient results in a greater dynamic response of the aircraft to turbulence and vertical gusts and therefore in lower passenger comfort.
- Aeroelastic deformation tends to increase structural loads and by both the weight of the supporting surface, specifically the wing; likewise, the increase in the wing lift gradient results in a greater dynamic response of the aircraft to turbulence and vertical gusts and therefore in lower passenger comfort.
- this greater aerodynamic response to disturbances makes the stabilizing surface more efficient in its function of restoring the aircraft's attitude in the event that it encounters during the turbulence flight or Vertical bursts and therefore is a desirable effect, unlike in the case of wings.
- the geometry of the negative arrow wing complicates the integration of the landing gear into a commercial low-wing aircraft because the rear beam forms an angle greater
- the present invention relates to the field of aircraft stabilizer surfaces, in particular developing a horizontal stabilizer configuration characterized by having a negative arrow angle, thus being the marginal edges of said stabilizer advanced with respect to the insertion of said stabilizer in the fuselage of the aircraft in the direction of the flight, opposite to the known configuration.
- the structural configuration of the vertical stabilizer and the fuselage frames of the aircraft will be such that they allow the connection of the horizontal stabilizer of the invention to the back of said fuselage without the structural opening of the fuselage being necessary in an area very affected by the structural loads introduced by the horizontal and vertical stabilizers, and which is characteristic of the known configuration and used in the Large modern commercial aircraft.
- the structural connection of the horizontal stabilizer to the fuselage of the aircraft is made between points of the front beam of the horizontal stabilizer and a frame of the fuselage, so that a structural opening in the affected fuselage linings is not necessary by the introduction of vertical and horizontal stabilizer load.
- the aerodynamic center of the horizontal stabilizer according to the present invention is located in a position equivalent to the position that it would have in a horizontal stabilizer of known conventional configuration.
- the aerodynamic center being in the same position as in conventional configurations, the behavior as a stabilizer improves, thanks to the favorable effects of the negative arrow angle, with which, for the same overall behavior, the size of the stabilizer can be reduced and, therefore, have less weight, cost and resistance.
- the configuration of the horizontal stabilizer of the invention has the main advantage with respect to the known classical configuration that eliminates the structural opening of the fuselage in an area very requested by the loads introduced by the vertical and horizontal stabilizers.
- the horizontal stabilizer configuration of the invention allows, for the same efficiency as a stabilizing surface, to reduce the area of said surface because the deformation of the structure under aerodynamic load produces an increase in the local angles of attack with a consequent increase in the sustaining force.
- this effect produces greater internal loads in the structure for a fixed alar surface and determined by the weight of the aircraft and, therefore, is considered negative since it carries wings of more weight.
- the present configuration allows, in the case that it is desirable, to have a negative dihedral angle on the stabilizing surface, that is, to make the tips of the stabilizing surface located below the socket.
- Aircraft are designed in such a way that, in the case of take-offs or landings with high rocking angles or high lateral inclination of the aircraft, the stabilizing surfaces do not touch the ground. Due to stability and control considerations, each aircraft will have an optimum dihedral angle, positive (above the insert) or negative (below the insert). In the case that the optimum dihedral angle is negative, the conventional configurations of horizontal stabilizing surfaces, with a positive arrow, present the geometric limitation of the angle to be kept at takeoff. Thus, due to the positive arrow of the conventional configurations of the horizontal stabilizing surfaces, if they have a negative dihedral, it is possible that there is contact with the ground in the possible attitudes of the plane near the ground.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the rear fuselage and of the stabilizers and rudders of a modern commercial aircraft, where the arrangement of the actuators and the hinge fittings for a horizontal stabilizer with positive arrow are shown schematically, according to the state of the known technique.
- Figure 2 represents a schematic sectional view through the plane of symmetry of the aircraft of the rear fuselage and of the stabilizers and rudders of a modern commercial aircraft, where the arrangement of the actuators, the hinge fittings and the structural opening are schematically shown.
- Figure 3 shows a detailed sectional view through a horizontal plane of the rear fuselage of a modern commercial aircraft, where, in the upper part of the figure, a horizontal stabilizer with positive arrow is shown as well as the fuselage connection hardware according to the state of the known technique, showing in the lower part a horizontal stabilizer with negative arrow according to the present invention, including the structural connection hardware to the fuselage as well as the arrangement of the control surfaces or elevators.
- Figure 4 represents a schematic perspective view of the rear fuselage and of the stabilizers and rudders of a modern commercial aircraft, where the arrangement of the actuators and actuators are shown schematically.
- hinge hardware for a horizontal stabilizer with negative arrow according to the present invention is shown schematically.
- Figure 5 represents a schematic sectional view through the plane of symmetry of the aircraft of the rear fuselage and of the stabilizers and rudders of a modern commercial aircraft, where the arrangement of the actuators, the hinge fittings and the structural opening are schematically shown. in the fuselage for a horizontal stabilizer with negative arrow according to the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a horizontal stabilizer with a negative arrow located in the rear part of an aircraft in which the position of its aerodynamic center is equal to the position of the aerodynamic center of a horizontal stabilizer of equivalent conventional configuration.
- the horizontal negative arrow stabilizer of the invention avoids the need to have to perform a structural opening in the rear part of the fuselage affected by the loads of the vertical stabilizer, all this also allowing to take advantage of the aerodynamic advantages associated with the arrow bearing surfaces negative.
- the characteristics of the horizontal stabilizer of the present invention will be better understood when describing a preferred embodiment of a stabilizing surface with a negative arrow of a modern commercial aircraft, as represented in Figures 3 (lower), 4 and 5.
- the invention relates to a horizontal stabilizing surface 8 with negative arrow, such that the arrow angle 40 that forms the projection of the reference line of 25% points of the local chord 19 of the horizontal stabilizing surface 8 on a perpendicular plane to the plane of symmetry 21 of the aircraft and containing the direction of flight of said aircraft, with respect to the plane of symmetry 21, is less than 90 degrees (see Figure 3, lower), said angle 40 being measured in the direction Of flight.
- the angle of dihedral of the horizontal stabilizing surface 8 of the invention can be negative, such that the end of said surface 8 is located below the insert of said surface 8 with the fuselage 1 of the aircraft.
- the dihedral angle is the one that forms the 25% line of the rope 19 of the horizontal stabilizing surface 8 with respect to the projection of said line in the plane of symmetry 21 of the aircraft, this plane being also parallel to the direction of flight of said aircraft.
- the dihedral angle of the horizontal stabilizing surface 8 can also be positive, then the end of said surface 8 being located above the socket of said surface 8 with the fuselage 1 of the aircraft.
- the structural connection of the horizontal stabilizing surface 8 to the fuselage 1 of the aircraft is made through a frame 13 of said fuselage 1, so that it does not require the realization of a structural opening 7 typical of the configuration conventional shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 (top), where the connection is made through fittings 6 connected to a frame 4 so that the loads introduced in the fuselage 1 by the vertical stabilizer 2 and by the horizontal stabilizer itself 3 in the section of the fuselage 1 affected by the structural opening 7 require the introduction of specific reinforcements in said fuselage 1.
- the structural connection between the horizontal stabilizing surface 8 and the fuselage 1 of the aircraft of the invention comprises at least one additional connection 14 that provides structural stability to the surface 8 and that may correspond to an actuation mechanism 14 that allows the trimming or rotation of the stabilizing surface 8 around an axis perpendicular to the plane of symmetry 21 of the aircraft, so that the section of the fuselage 1 that receives and transmits the loads of the vertical stabilizer 2 does not have an opening to allow the installation of The horizontal stabilizing surface 8.
- the horizontal stabilizing surface 8 of the present invention is "trimable", that is, it can be rotated up or down, an angle typically less than 30 degrees, in each direction around an axis perpendicular to the plane of symmetry of the plane 21 and that goes through the points of structural anchorage 10 to a frame 13 of the fuselage 1.
- the rotation of said stabilizing surface 8 is carried out by means of the actuation of a mechanical device 14 which can be of the screw type or of any other type used to produce the movement of the stabilizing and control surfaces of aircraft.
- the rear part of the fuselage 15 only supports aerodynamic and inertial loads and not loads introduced by horizontal stabilizers 8 and vertical 2, so it does not require specific reinforcements in the structural opening 22 necessary for the passage of the structure center 16 of the horizontal stabilizer 8.
- the leading edge of the horizontal stabilizer 8 comprises a local extension 9 in the direction of flight of the aircraft, in the area adjacent to the fuselage 1.
- the local extension 9 preferably has an essentially triangular shape, being designed to compensate for the loss of air flow velocity in the boundary layer of the fuselage 1 so as to prevent the formation of horseshoe whirlpools around the socket of said stabilizing surface 8 with said fuselage 1 at small angles of attack of said stabilizing surface horizontal 8.
- the extension 9 of the leading edge of the horizontal stabilizing surface 8 in the area adjacent to the fuselage 1 of the aircraft is designed such that the radius of curvature of the leading edge of said extension 9 is smaller than in the rest of the leading edge of horizontal stabilizer 8 to cause a controlled separation of aerodynamic flow aa
- the closest portion of the exit edge of the horizontal stabilizer 8 to the plane of symmetry 21 of the plane is essentially perpendicular to said plane.
- At least a portion of the trailing edge of the horizontal stabilizer 8 in the part closest to the plane of symmetry 21 of the plane has an arrow angle much smaller than in the outer portion of the trailing edge so that the horizontal stabilizer 8 comprises in its inner zone at least one control surface called inner elevator 11, the leading edge of said inner elevator 11 being essentially perpendicular to the plane of symmetry 21.
- the horizontal stabilizer 8 comprises at least one control surface called outer elevator 12 that occupies the portion furthest from the plane of symmetry 21 of the plane, in the outer area of the trailing edge of said surface 8.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2011129625/11A RU2539308C2 (ru) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | Поверхность горизонтального стабилизатора летательного аппарата |
| CA2747689A CA2747689C (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | Aircraft horizontal stabilizer surface |
| CN200980154773.2A CN102282070B (zh) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | 飞机水平稳定器 |
| BRPI0922461A BRPI0922461A2 (pt) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | superfície do estabilizador horizontal de aeronave. |
| EP09812436.5A EP2371705B1 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | Horizontal stabilising surface of an aircraft |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200803581A ES2373812B1 (es) | 2008-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | Superficie estabilizadora horizontal de aeronave. |
| ESP200803581 | 2008-12-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010070182A2 true WO2010070182A2 (es) | 2010-06-24 |
| WO2010070182A3 WO2010070182A3 (es) | 2010-09-23 |
Family
ID=42239356
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2009/070596 Ceased WO2010070182A2 (es) | 2008-12-17 | 2009-12-17 | Superficie estabilizadora horizontal de aeronave |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8360359B2 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP2371705B1 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN102282070B (es) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0922461A2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2747689C (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2373812B1 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2539308C2 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2010070182A2 (es) |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR2975666B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-23 | 2014-01-17 | Airbus Operations Sas | Aeronef a partie arriere orientable |
| WO2013015765A1 (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2013-01-31 | Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. | Aft-loading aircraft with-twin t-tail assembly |
| ES2386217B1 (es) * | 2012-03-21 | 2013-06-24 | Ideas Proyectos E Innovaciones S.L. | Sistema para despegue y aterrizaje de los aviones de forma rápida y con muy poco recorrido |
| EP2687437B1 (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2017-01-18 | Airbus Operations, S.L. | Aircraft lifting surface with variable sweep distribution along the span |
| US10112696B2 (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2018-10-30 | United Technologies Corporation | Stabilizer sacrificial surfaces |
| EP2920068B1 (en) * | 2012-11-15 | 2017-11-29 | United Technologies Corporation | Stabilizer with structural box and sacrificial surfaces |
| EP2832636A1 (en) | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-04 | Airbus Operations S.L. | Rear fuselage section of an aircraft |
| EP2889216B1 (en) | 2013-12-31 | 2018-09-19 | Airbus Operations S.L. | Aircraft with a trimmable horizontal stabilizer having the pivot elements in its forward side |
| US10023294B2 (en) | 2014-08-07 | 2018-07-17 | Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. | Tail spar spring |
| CN104443355B (zh) * | 2014-11-13 | 2016-08-24 | 中航沈飞民用飞机有限责任公司 | 一种轻型飞机仿生v型尾翼 |
| ES2669493T3 (es) | 2015-04-08 | 2018-05-28 | Airbus Operations S.L. | Estructura trasera de aeronave |
| FR3040686B1 (fr) * | 2015-09-08 | 2018-09-07 | Airbus Operations Sas | Partie arriere d'aeronef comprenant un stabilisateur vertical dont la structure formant caisson comporte une partie inferieure logee dans le fuselage |
| US10106265B2 (en) | 2016-06-24 | 2018-10-23 | General Electric Company | Stabilizer assembly for an aircraft AFT engine |
| ES2841399T3 (es) * | 2016-12-16 | 2021-07-08 | Airbus Operations Sl | Aeronave con una sección trasera con un revestimiento continuo para el fuselaje y el estabilizador vertical de cola |
| TWI634457B (zh) * | 2017-04-27 | 2018-09-01 | 高璁錦 | Keyboard with button switch trigger height adjustment function |
| FR3079207B1 (fr) * | 2018-03-21 | 2020-02-28 | Airbus | Aeronef presentant des empennages horizontaux articules |
| US10597141B2 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-03-24 | The Boeing Company | Wing flap with torque member and method for forming thereof |
| US10647407B2 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-05-12 | The Boeing Company | Wing flap with torque member and method for forming thereof |
| ES2948928T3 (es) | 2018-06-19 | 2023-09-21 | Airbus Operations Slu | Procedimiento de fabricación de una caja multi-larguero con cubierta superior de revestimiento continuo de una sección de cono de cola para un extremo posterior de una aeronave y un conjunto de material compuesto |
| ES2781400A1 (es) * | 2019-03-01 | 2020-09-01 | Airbus Operations Slu | Aeronave con estabilizador horizontal movil |
| US11319055B2 (en) | 2019-08-31 | 2022-05-03 | Textron Innovations Inc. | Compliant tail structure for rotorcraft |
| US11498674B2 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2022-11-15 | Textron Aviation Inc. | Aircraft floats |
| CN112699455B (zh) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-11-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种基于t样条的飞机蒙皮无缝成型方法及装置 |
| BR102021017320A2 (pt) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-07-26 | The Boeing Company | Sistema e método para prender uma porção de uma fuselagem de uma aeronave a uma porção de uma asa da aeronave |
| ES3034191T3 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2025-08-13 | Airbus Operations Slu | Aircraft empennage |
| CN115795690B (zh) * | 2022-12-20 | 2025-07-25 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | 爆炸冲击波阵风载荷作用下飞机机体载荷及响应计算方法 |
| US12459631B2 (en) * | 2024-02-09 | 2025-11-04 | Rtx Corporation | Aircraft vertical stabilizer with moveable propulsion system(s) |
| US12434809B2 (en) | 2024-02-29 | 2025-10-07 | Textron Innovations Inc. | Dynamically tuned tail assemblies for rotorcraft |
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| GB1018077A (en) * | 1962-07-13 | 1966-01-26 | Messerschmitt Ag | Improvements in or relating to aircraft |
| US3307808A (en) * | 1965-12-20 | 1967-03-07 | Helio Aircraft Corp | Airplane longitudinal trim control |
| FR2519934A1 (fr) * | 1982-01-21 | 1983-07-22 | Nguyen Manh Khanh | Avion multiplan indeformable |
| GB2243126B (en) * | 1990-04-02 | 1994-12-21 | Jordan Valchev Georgiev | A method and device for stabilization of a flying apparatus having forward swept wing |
| RU2055778C1 (ru) * | 1994-03-22 | 1996-03-10 | Товарищество с ограниченной ответственностью "Авиатика" | Самолет |
| US6170780B1 (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 2001-01-09 | Sam Barlow Williams | Twin engine aircraft |
| FR2837464B1 (fr) * | 2002-03-22 | 2004-12-10 | Georges Armand | Avion a trois fuselages et familles d'avions de ce type |
| US7216830B2 (en) * | 2003-09-05 | 2007-05-15 | Supersonic Aerospace International, Llc | Wing gull integration nacelle clearance, compact landing gear stowage, and sonic boom reduction |
| US6824092B1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2004-11-30 | Supersonic Aerospace International, Llc | Aircraft tail configuration for sonic boom reduction |
| ATE416969T1 (de) * | 2003-12-29 | 2008-12-15 | Airbus Gmbh | Seitenleitwerksanschluss |
| US7735744B2 (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2010-06-15 | Nissan Technical Center North America, Inc. | Control of coolant flow rate for vehicle heating |
| WO2006073634A2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-07-13 | Richard H Lugg | Vtol aircraft with forward-swept fixed wing |
| DE102005038856A1 (de) * | 2005-08-17 | 2007-02-22 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Kontinuierlicher Rumpfanschluss |
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| DE602006005221D1 (de) * | 2006-03-16 | 2009-04-02 | Eads Constr Aeronauticas Sa | Elastisch vorgeformte Verkleidung für Flugzeuge und Verfahren zur ihrer Herstellung |
| FR2898583B1 (fr) * | 2006-03-20 | 2008-04-18 | Airbus France Sas | Aeronef a impact environnemental reduit |
| DE102006027707A1 (de) * | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-20 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Heckstruktur für ein Luft- oder Raumfahrzeug |
-
2008
- 2008-12-17 ES ES200803581A patent/ES2373812B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-03-26 US US12/411,506 patent/US8360359B2/en active Active
- 2009-12-17 BR BRPI0922461A patent/BRPI0922461A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2009-12-17 CA CA2747689A patent/CA2747689C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-17 CN CN200980154773.2A patent/CN102282070B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-17 EP EP09812436.5A patent/EP2371705B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-12-17 WO PCT/ES2009/070596 patent/WO2010070182A2/es not_active Ceased
- 2009-12-17 RU RU2011129625/11A patent/RU2539308C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8360359B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
| US20100148000A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
| RU2539308C2 (ru) | 2015-01-20 |
| CN102282070B (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
| ES2373812B1 (es) | 2012-12-18 |
| RU2011129625A (ru) | 2013-01-27 |
| CA2747689C (en) | 2018-01-09 |
| WO2010070182A3 (es) | 2010-09-23 |
| ES2373812A1 (es) | 2012-02-09 |
| EP2371705A2 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| BRPI0922461A2 (pt) | 2015-12-15 |
| EP2371705B1 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
| CA2747689A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
| CN102282070A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
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