WO2010081394A1 - 一种自紧钻夹头 - Google Patents

一种自紧钻夹头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010081394A1
WO2010081394A1 PCT/CN2010/070011 CN2010070011W WO2010081394A1 WO 2010081394 A1 WO2010081394 A1 WO 2010081394A1 CN 2010070011 W CN2010070011 W CN 2010070011W WO 2010081394 A1 WO2010081394 A1 WO 2010081394A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
drill chuck
bearing
groove
push
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2010/070011
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于庆滋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP10731028A priority Critical patent/EP2388094A1/en
Priority to JP2011600051U priority patent/JP3173764U/ja
Publication of WO2010081394A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010081394A1/zh
Priority to US13/150,198 priority patent/US20110227299A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B23B31/1207—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable moving obliquely to the axis of the chuck in a plane containing this axis
    • B23B31/1253—Jaws movement actuated by an axially movable member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2231/00—Details of chucks, toolholder shanks or tool shanks
    • B23B2231/38—Keyless chucks for hand tools
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T279/00—Chucks or sockets
    • Y10T279/17—Socket type
    • Y10T279/17615—Obliquely guided reciprocating jaws

Definitions

  • a self-tightening drill chuck TECHNICAL FIELD The utility model relates to a tool clamp for machining, in particular to a self-tightening drill chuck.
  • Drilling and milling are often used in production and processing activities, such as machine tools and electric drills.
  • the drill chucks used to hold the drills, milling cutters, etc. on the working axes of these equipments have experienced long-term application and improvement.
  • the commonly used wrench type drill chuck which has the advantages of simple processing technology and low cost, and the clamping force is manually provided by the wrench, and the clamping force is maintained by the frictional force between the threads, the clamping Therefore, the force is limited.
  • the working resistance torque exceeds the clamping force, the tool will loosen and slip.
  • due to mechanical vibration the drill chuck will loosen slowly, resulting in insufficient clamping force and affecting production operations.
  • Types of drill chucks are threaded on the outside of the three jaws.
  • the threaded teeth of the three jaws must be matched, which creates problems for processing and management, increases production and management costs, and results in accuracy and stability.
  • Poor, another self-tightening drill chuck including a drill chuck body, a push rod screwed into the drill chuck body, and connected to the lower end of the push rod
  • the pusher disc, the claw and the metal sleeve for defining the position of the claw, the drill chuck has a self-tightening function, the clamping force is large, the looseness is not easy, the precision and the stability are high, but the claw is formed.
  • the chuck also has the disadvantages of complicated structure and high processing and production cost, which hinders the promotion of the product, and at the same time, when the clamping force is too large or the thread of the screw rod and the nut is deformed, a jamming failure occurs, and it is desired to loosen and It is very difficult to change the tool, or the wrench of the wrench drill chuck is lost or the tooth is damaged, which makes clamping and loosening inconvenient.
  • Utility model content In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution provides a self-tightening chuck, which has the functions of anti-seize and has the function of automatically clamping the cutter, has large clamping force, high precision and stability, and has simple structure and weight. Light, easy to process and miniaturized, low production cost, easy to promote.
  • a self-tightening chuck comprising a drill chuck body and three jaws, wherein the drill chuck body is symmetrically processed with three clips penetrating the upper and lower ends a claw hole, and at the lower end, a tool hole larger than a maximum applicable tool outer diameter is machined along a central axis of the drill chuck body, and the three jaws are respectively slidably mounted in the jaw hole, the three
  • the clamping jaw is a cylinder having a smooth surface
  • the self-tightening drill chuck further includes a pushing screw and a push nut, and the upper end of the pushing screw is machined with a driving shaft of a main machine equipped with the self-tightening chuck a matching tapered hole or a threaded hole or a connecting rod, the upper end of the drill chuck body is machined along the central axis with a connecting hole matching the outer diameter of the lower end of the push screw, and the lower end of
  • the position is processed in the diameter direction by three
  • the opening groove has a cross-section which is an unclosed curve of the lower end opening, and the width of the lower end opening is smaller than the maximum value of the distance between any two points on the curve parallel to the two points of the opening, and the upper ends of the three clamping jaws are provided.
  • the protrusion matching the opening groove, the protrusion is sleeved in a corresponding opening groove, and an outer surface of the pushing screw is processed with a spiral groove having a circular arc cross section,
  • the pushing nut is processed in the radial direction with at least three through holes at a position corresponding to the spiral groove of the outer surface of the push screw, and each of the through holes is provided with a steel ball and a lock pin for preventing the steel ball from falling off.
  • a part of the steel ball is nested in the spiral groove, and another part is nested in the through hole, and a push nut is screwed to the push screw through the steel ball.
  • the protrusion of the upper end of the jaw is spherical or hemispherical, and the protrusion is sleeved in the opening groove.
  • the upper end of the cutter hole is fixedly equipped with a friction plate, and the friction plate
  • the lower end surface is processed into a rough surface
  • the center of the upper end of the friction plate is drilled with a blind hole
  • the blind hole is provided with a receiving steel ball
  • the receiving steel ball is located between the friction plate and the push screw. The upper end plane of the friction plate is taken out.
  • the limiting device comprises at least one annular second bearing groove having a semicircular cross section, the bearing steel ball and the inner wall of the connecting hole and the second bearing concave processed on the outer side of the lower end of the push screw a first bearing groove processed at a position corresponding to the groove, the first bearing groove being a semicircle having a cross-sectional radius equal to a cross-sectional radius of the second bearing groove, the diameter of the bearing ball and the first bearing concave
  • the groove is matched to a second bearing groove, the bearing ball being placed in an annular bore formed by the first bearing groove and the second bearing groove.
  • the upper end of the drill chuck body is drilled with a mounting hole at a position corresponding to the first bearing groove, and the mounting hole is a through hole with a diameter larger than the diameter of the bearing ball, and the mounting hole is screwed A closed screw is provided.
  • the limiting device comprises a convex disc, a bearing steel ball and a cover plate provided at a lower end of the pushing screw, and a bearing groove is formed on one of the upper and lower sides of the lower end of the pushing screw a convex disc on a bottom surface of the inner wall of the connecting hole corresponding to a bearing groove of a bottom surface of the convex disc, and a bearing groove corresponding thereto is processed and placed in an annular cavity formed therebetween Full bearing steel ball, the cover sleeve is sleeved on the push screw and fixedly connected with the upper end of the drill chuck body, and the lower surface of the cover plate is processed corresponding to the bearing groove on the convex disc
  • the corresponding bearing grooves are filled with bearing balls in the annular cavity formed between them.
  • the self-tightening chuck further comprises a locking device, the locking device comprises a casing, a locking spring, a locking gland and a locking nut, and the upper end of the pushing screw is provided with a limiting slot.
  • the lock spring is a disc spring with a strip-shaped notch on the outer side, and the center of the hole is machined with a through hole matching the outer diameter of the push rod and the limit groove, and the lock spring is sleeved on the push wire.
  • the locking gland is a lower open cylinder having an inner diameter larger than an outer diameter of the upper end of the outer casing, and the upper end of the locking gland is machined to match an outer diameter of the upper end of the push screw Capping through hole, said The inner surface of the upper end of the locking gland is provided with a locking protrusion along the circumference of the gland of the gland, and the locking gland is sleeved on the upper end of the push screw and located above the locking spring.
  • the lock nut is a cylinder with a lower end opening, the inner diameter of which is larger than the outer diameter of the lock gland, and the center thereof is machined with an internal thread hole matched with the upper end thread of the push screw, and the lock nut is screwed to the
  • the upper end of the push screw is located above the lock gland, and the outer casing is an upper open tubular body having an inner diameter larger than a maximum outer diameter of the drill chuck body and an outer diameter of the push nut
  • the lower end of the drill chuck body is tightly sleeved in the through hole of the outer casing, and the lower end of the outer casing is fixedly disposed at a lower end thereof.
  • the inner diameter matches the outer diameter of the lock spring.
  • the inner wall of the upper end of the outer casing is fixedly provided with a locking reed, and the inner diameter of the locking reed is matched with the outer diameter of the locking spring.
  • the outer side of the clamping jaw is provided with a V-shaped groove along the axis, and the upper end of the drill chuck body and the corresponding position of the clamping jaw hole respectively process a pin hole communicating with the clamping jaw hole from the outside of the drill chuck body.
  • a jaw stabilizing pin is disposed in the pin hole, and a head of the jaw stabilizing pin is matched with the V-shaped groove.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that: a self-tightening chuck is provided, and since the push screw and the drill chuck body are movably connected, the utility model has the function of automatically clamping the cutter, and the clamping force thereof is
  • the torque of the drive shaft of the equipment connected to the chuck is generated by the interaction between the inertia resistance torque of the drill chuck body and the resistance torque transmitted during the machining of the tool held by the compact drill chuck, so the clamping force is large. It can be continuously maintained, with high precision and stability. At the same time, it pushes the steel ball and the push nut through the steel ball connection, and the friction is small, which completely overcomes the defect that the previous product will be stuck, and the three jaws have a smooth surface.
  • the cylinder does not need to machine the thread on it, which simplifies the production process, reduces the processing difficulty, improves the product yield, and does not require the management of three jaws.
  • the P strip has low management cost and is because of the column.
  • the body is not as difficult to machine as the clip-shaped jaws, so it has a simple structure, light weight, easy processing and miniaturization, and low production and management costs.
  • To promote the use of both It overcomes the shortcomings of insufficient clamping force of the wrench drill chuck and the hand drill chuck, easy to loosen, low precision and stability, and solves the complicated structure of the self-tightening chuck, heavy weight, difficult processing and high production cost. Disadvantages, at the same time solve the above-mentioned drill chuck because the clamping force is too large, it is easy to be stuck and can not be opened.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the push nut of the embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the push nut and the push screw of the embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4, a self-tightening chuck, including a drill chuck body 1, three jaws 2, a push screw 4, a push nut 3, a lock spring 5, and a lock Gland 6, lock nut 7, bearing ball 8 and outer casing 9, drill chuck body 1
  • Three jaw holes 16 penetrating the upper and lower ends are processed obliquely symmetrically, and a tool hole 17 larger than the outer diameter of the maximum applicable tool is machined along the central axis of the drill chuck body 1 at the lower end, and the three jaws 2 are respectively
  • the sliding is installed in the clamping hole 16 , and the upper end of the pushing screw 4 is processed with a main body connecting hole 42 matching the driving shaft of the main body of the equipment for assembling the self-tightening chuck, and the upper end of the drilling chuck body 1 is along the central axis
  • the connecting hole 18 is matched with the outer diameter of the lower end of the push screw 4, and the lower end of the push screw
  • the P-clamping device includes a second bearing groove 41 having a semicircular cross section that is machined outside the lower end of the lead screw 4, and the bearing steel ball 8 and the inner wall of the connecting hole 18 correspond to the second bearing groove 41
  • the first bearing groove 14 is a semicircle having a cross-sectional radius equal to the cross-sectional radius of the second bearing groove 41, the diameter of the bearing ball 8 and the first bearing groove 14 and The two bearing grooves 41 are matched, and the bearing steel balls 8 are placed.
  • the function of the movable connection of the drill chuck body 1 and the pushing of the screw rod 4 is prevented, and the two are separated from each other.
  • the rotary bearing is configured such that the drill chuck body 1 and the push screw rod 4 can rotate relative to each other with little resistance, and the outer surface of the push screw rod 4 is processed with a spiral groove 43 having a circular arc shape in cross section, and the push nut 3 is pushed.
  • a through hole is formed in the radial direction at a position corresponding to the spiral groove 43 on the outer surface of the push screw 4, and each of the through holes is provided with a steel ball 44 and a lock pin 45 for preventing the steel ball 44 from falling off, and a part of the steel ball 44 Nested in the spiral groove 43 and another portion nested in the through hole 44, the push nut 3 is screwed to the push screw 4 by the steel ball 44.
  • a T-shaped open groove 31 having three openings is diametrically machined at a position corresponding to the upper end of the outer edge of the push nut 3 and corresponding to the upper ends of the three jaws 1, and the upper ends of the three jaws 2 are provided to match the T-shaped open grooves 31.
  • the spherical boss 22, the spherical boss 22 is movably sleeved in the corresponding T-shaped opening groove 31.
  • the upper end of the push screw 4 is provided with a limiting groove
  • the locking spring 5 is a disc spring with a strip-shaped notch on the outer side, and the center of the hole is machined with a through hole matching the outer diameter of the push rod 4 and the limiting groove, and is locked.
  • the spring 5 is sleeved on the upper end of the push screw 4, and the lock cover 6 is locked.
  • the inner diameter of the cylinder which is open at the lower end is larger than the outer diameter of the upper end of the outer casing 9, and the center of the upper end of the lock gland 6 is processed with a gland opening which matches the outer diameter of the upper end of the push screw 4, and the upper end of the gland 6 is locked.
  • the inner surface is provided with a locking protrusion 61 along the circumference of the through hole of the gland, and the locking gland 6 is sleeved on the upper end of the push screw 4 and located above the locking spring 5, and the locking nut 7 is the lower end.
  • the open cylinder has an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the lock gland 6 and is internally machined with an internally threaded hole matching the upper end of the push screw 4, and the lock nut 7 is screwed to the upper end of the push screw 4, The upper part of the lock nut 7 is mounted with a spring card on the push screw 4 to prevent the lock nut ⁇ from being accidentally disengaged from the push screw 4, and the outer casing 9 is an upper open cylinder.
  • the inner diameter of the drill chuck body 1 is larger than the outer diameter of the drill chuck body 1 and the outer diameter of the push nut 3, and the lower end of the drill shaft 3 is provided with a through hole corresponding to the outer diameter of the lower end of the drill chuck body 1, and the lower end of the drill chuck body 1 is tight.
  • the solid cover is sleeved in the through hole of the casing, and the upper end of the outer casing 9 is provided with an inner diameter and a locking bullet Steel locking rings of matching the outer diameter of 5.
  • the working principle of the entire self-tightening chuck is to insert the tool into the tool hole 17, and rotate the casing 9 by hand, driving the drill chuck body 1 to rotate relative to the push screw 4 connected to the working shaft of the device, because the three clamps
  • the claws 1 are sleeved in the jaw holes 16, and the spherical projections 22 at the upper ends of the three jaws 1 are respectively sleeved in the three corresponding T-shaped opening grooves 31 provided by the push nut 3, so that the outer casing 9 and the pusher
  • the relative rotation of the lead screw 4 also forces the push nut 3 to rotate relative to the push rod 4 in synchronization with the outer casing 9 and the drill chuck body 1, and the push nut 3 acts on the spiral groove 43 and the steel ball 44 of the push screw 4.
  • the three jaws 2 are moved downward along the jaw holes 16, and the gap between the lower ends of the three jaws 2 is also reduced until the tool placed in the tool hole 17 is clamped.
  • the equipment motor pushes the screw rod 4 to rotate at a high speed under the driving of the working shaft. Due to the static inertia of the drill chuck body 1, the outer casing 9 and the push nut 3, there is a strong impact force in the initial stage of pushing the screw rod 4 to start.
  • the diameter of the outer edge of the lock spring 5 becomes larger at the inner surface of the lock reed 91 at the upper end of the outer casing 9, and the friction between the two causes no relative movement between the outer casing 9 and the push screw 4, thereby The entire self-tightening chuck is locked, and the device can be reversed at this time, that is, the reverse machining function is realized.
  • the bearing connection relationship between the push nut 3 and the push screw 4 is improved by the conventional thread connection relationship to the steel ball 44, the frictional resistance is greatly reduced, and on the other hand, the starting torque of the self-tightening clamp is also reduced, When the diameter is small, the self-tightening clamping can be smoothly started. On the other hand, after stopping the operation, the torque required to release the jaws 2 is also greatly reduced, and the occurrence of a stuck failure is effectively prevented.
  • a mounting hole 13 is drilled in a position corresponding to the first bearing groove 14 at an upper end of the drill chuck body 1.
  • the mounting hole 13 is a through hole having a diameter larger than the diameter of the bearing ball 8, and the mounting hole 13 is screwed therein.
  • the above-described T-shaped open groove 31 can also be processed into a cylindrical open groove 31 having a cross section similar to ⁇ or an open downward C, and the upper ends of the three jaws 2 are provided to match the cylindrical open groove 31.
  • the spherical protrusion 22, the spherical protrusion 22 is movably sleeved in the corresponding cylindrical opening groove 31, and the upper ends of the three jaws 2 can also be ellipsoidal
  • the spherical or lower end surface is a spherical hemispherical shape, which can reduce the cross-sectional area of the open groove 31.
  • the outer side of the three jaws 2 is further provided with a V-shaped groove along the axis, and the upper end of the drill chuck body 1 is respectively corresponding to the jaw hole 16 to machine an internal thread which communicates with the jaw hole 16 from the outside of the drill chuck body 1 respectively.
  • the pin hole 15 is provided with a jaw stabilizing pin 11 in the pin hole 15 , the V-shaped groove of the head of the jaw stabilizing pin 11 is matched, and the jaw stabilizing pin 11 is screwed into the pin hole 15 to make the jaw stabilizing pin 11
  • the head is fixed on the V-shaped groove of the jaw 2, so that the three jaws 2 can only slide up and down along the jaw hole 16, and cannot be laterally shaken, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and stability of the whole product, and at the same time, because The thread is machined on the three jaws 2, and the cylindrical structure is also easier to process than the jaw jaws, which makes the production and processing difficulty and the production management cost greatly reduced.
  • the outer casing 9 can be produced by using materials such as plastic, which are light, low in cost and easy to process, and the overall weight and production cost of the product are greatly reduced, and the entire technical solution makes the product easy. Achieve miniaturization, so that products can be promoted and applied on a wider scale.
  • Embodiment 2 as shown in FIG. 5, the remaining structure is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the first bearing groove 14 and the second bearing groove 41 may be provided in two groups, such that the drill chuck body 1 and Two connecting bearings are formed between the push rods 4, so that stability and reliability are improved.
  • Embodiment 3 as shown in FIG. 6, the rest of the structure is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that a convex disc having a bearing groove is formed on the upper and lower sides of the push screw 4, and the connecting hole 18 is formed.
  • the bearing groove corresponding to the bearing groove on the bottom surface of the inner wall is corresponding to the bearing groove corresponding to the bottom surface of the convex disk, and the annular steel cavity formed between them is filled with the bearing steel ball 8, and a cover plate is added, and the sleeve is set.
  • the lower surface of the cover plate is processed with a corresponding bearing groove at a position corresponding to the bearing groove above the convex disc, and is formed between them
  • the annular hole is filled with the bearing steel ball 8, so that two thrust bearings are formed between the drill chuck body 1 and the push screw 4, the structure is simple, the friction is small, the precision and the stability are stable. Sex can meet the requirements.
  • Embodiment 4 as shown in FIG. 7, the rest of the structure is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the upper end of the cutter hole is fixedly provided with the friction plate 19, and the lower end surface of the friction plate 19 is processed into a rough surface, and the friction plate 19 is The upper end is drilled with a blind hole, and the blind hole is provided with a receiving steel ball 191.
  • the receiving steel ball 191 is located between the friction plate and the push screw, and the upper part of the receiving steel ball 191 and the lower end of the push screw 4 are gently Contact, at the time of installation, the grease is injected here to ensure that the friction between the drill chuck body 1 and the push screw 4 is small.
  • the upper end of the cutter contacts the friction plate 19 rough.
  • the lower end surface has a large frictional force between the two, so that the machining resistance torque between the tool and the workpiece is more transmitted to the drill chuck body 1, so that the relative relationship between the drill chuck body 1 and the push screw shaft 4 is made.
  • the torque of rotation is larger, and it is easier to achieve self-tightening.
  • the through holes in the above solution should be evenly spaced by 120 degrees along the spiral groove 43. If the number of through holes is four, each through hole is separated by 90 degrees, and so on, the purpose is to The push nut 3 is smoothly screwed onto the push screw 4.
  • the bearing steel ball 8 constituting the bearing can also be replaced by a cylindrical or conical table steel bearing roller, and at this time, the annular hole formed between the screw rod 4 and the inner wall of the connecting hole 18 and the above bearing roller are pushed.
  • an annular groove can be machined only at the lower end of the thrust screw 4, and then uniformly drilled at a position corresponding to the annular groove at the upper end of the drill chuck body 1.
  • At least three through holes are provided, and a limit pin is installed in the through hole.
  • the front end of the P clamp pin is embedded in the annular groove, and the push rod 4 and the drill chuck body 1 can be freely rotated relative to each other, but limited Blocking the pin, it will not leave the drill chuck body 1, but also meet the needs of the low-end market.
  • the beneficial effects of adopting the technical solution are: providing a self-tightening chuck, since the push screw and the drill chuck body are movably connected, thereby enabling the utility model to have an automatic
  • the function of the clamping tool the clamping force is transmitted by the torque of the drive shaft of the equipment connected to the self-tightening chuck and the inertia resistance torque of the drill chuck body and the operation of the tool held by the self-tightening chuck during machining.
  • the resistance torque is generated, so the clamping force is large and can be maintained continuously.
  • the precision and stability are high.
  • the steel ball is connected between the screw and the push nut, and the friction is small, which completely overcomes the stuck fault of the previous product.
  • the three jaws are cylinders with smooth surface, no need to machine the thread on the top, which simplifies the production process, reduces the processing difficulty, improves the product yield rate, and does not require the management of three jaws.
  • P strip has low management cost, and because it is a cylinder, it is not as difficult to process as a clip-shaped jaw. Therefore, it has a simple structure, light weight, easy processing and miniaturization, low production and management cost, and easy to promote.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Description

一种自紧钻夹头 技术领域： 本实用新型涉及一种机械加工用刀具夹具，具体涉及一种自 紧钻夹头。
背景技术：
生产加工活动中经常使用机床、 电钻等工具进行钻孔、铣削 等作业， 装设在这些设备主机工作轴上用于夹持钻头、铣刀等刀 具的钻夹头经历了长期的应用和改进， 但依然存在诸多不足， 比 如常用的扳手式钻夹头，具有加工工艺比较简单，成本低等优点， 采用扳手人工提供夹持力， 并由螺纹齿间摩擦力来保持夹持力， 该夹持力因此受到限制， 当工作阻力矩超过该夹持力时， 刀具将 松动打滑， 另外由于机械的震动， 也会使钻夹头慢慢松动， 导致 夹持力不足， 影响生产作业， 再有该类型的钻夹头是在三个夹爪 的外侧加工螺纹齿， 三个夹爪的螺纹齿必须匹配， 这给加工和管 理都带来麻烦， 增加了生产和管理成本， 并且造成精度和稳定性 较差， 另有一种自紧式钻夹头， 包括钻夹头本体、 旋接于钻夹头 本体中的推进杆、 连接于推进杆下端的推进盘、 契形夹爪和用以 限定契形夹爪走位的金属外套， 该钻夹头具有自紧功能， 夹持力 大， 不易松动， 精度和稳定性高， 但是契形夹爪加工困难， 成品 率低， 重量大， 结构复杂， 生产成本高， 小型化难度大， 只能在 精度和稳定性要求较高， 设备较大的场所使用， 市售的其它技术 方案的自紧钻夹头也存在结构复杂， 加工生产成本高的缺点， 给 产品的推广带来阻碍， 同时因夹持力过大或者丝杆和螺母的螺纹 变形而时有卡死故障发生， 想要松脱和更换刀具非常困难， 或者 扳手钻夹头的扳手丟失或者扳齿损坏，造成夹紧和松开都很不方 便。
实用新型内容： 为了解决上述问题， 本技术方案提供一种自紧钻夹头， 既具 有防卡死的功能， 又具有自动夹紧刀具的功能， 夹持力大， 精度 和稳定性高， 同时结构简单， 重量轻， 易于加工和小型化， 生产 成本低， 便于推广使用。
为达到上述目的， 本实用新型的技术方案是： 一种自紧钻夹 头， 包括钻夹头本体和三个夹爪， 所述钻夹头本体斜向对称地加 工有三个贯穿上下两端的夹爪孔，并在下端沿所述钻夹头本体的 中轴线加工有大于最大适用刀具装配外径的刀具孔，所述三个夹 爪分别滑动装设于所述夹爪孔中，所述三个夹爪为具有光滑表面 的柱体， 所述自紧钻夹头还包括推动丝杆和推动螺母， 所述推动 丝杆的上端加工有与装配该自紧钻夹头的设备主机的传动轴相 匹配的锥孔或螺纹孔或连接杆，所述钻夹头本体的上端沿中轴线 加工有与所述推动丝杆下端外径匹配的连接孔，所述推动丝杆的 下端活动套设于所述连接孔中，所述钻夹头本体与所述推动丝杆 之间设有防止两者脱离的 P艮位装置，所述推动螺母的外沿下端与 所述三个夹爪上端对应的位置沿直径方向加工有三个开口沟槽， 其横截面为一下端开口的不闭合曲线，其下端开口的宽度小于曲 线上平行于开口两点连线的任意两点距离的最大值，所述三个夹 爪的上端设有与所述开口沟槽匹配的凸头，所述凸头活动套设于 对应的开口沟槽中，所述推动丝杆的外表面加工有横截面为圆弧 形的螺旋凹槽，所述推动螺母沿半径方向在与所述推动丝杆外表 面螺旋凹槽对应的位置加工有至少三个通孔，每个所述通孔中装 设有一个钢珠和一个防止钢珠脱落的锁销，所述钢珠一部分嵌套 于所述螺旋凹槽中， 另一部分嵌套于所述通孔中， 推动螺母通过 所述的钢珠旋接于所述推动丝杆上。
优选的， 所述夹爪的上端的凸头为球形或半球形， 所述凸头 活动套设于所述开口凹槽中。
优选的， 所述刀具孔的上端固定装设有摩擦片， 所述摩擦片 的下端面加工为粗糙面， 所述摩擦片的上端中心钻有盲孔， 所述 盲孔中活动装设有一个承接钢珠，所述承接钢珠位于所述摩擦片 和推动丝杆之间并高出摩擦片的上端平面。
优选的，所述限位装置包括所述推动丝杆的下端外侧加工的 至少一条横截面为半圆的环形的第二轴承凹槽、轴承钢珠和所述 连接孔内壁上与所述第二轴承凹槽对应的位置加工的第一轴承 凹槽，所述第一轴承凹槽是一横截面和第二轴承凹槽的横截面半 径相等的半圆，所述轴承钢珠的直径与所述第一轴承凹槽和第二 轴承凹槽相匹配，所述轴承钢珠放置于所述第一轴承凹槽和第二 轴承凹槽一起构成的环形孔腔中。
优选的，所述钻夹头本体上端与第一轴承凹槽对应的位置钻 设有一装配孔，所述装配孔为一直径大于轴承钢珠直径的带内螺 纹的通孔， 所述装配孔中拧设有一封闭螺钉。
优选的，所述限位装置包括所述推动丝杆的下端设有的一凸 起圆盘、 轴承钢珠和盖板， 所述推动丝杆的下端设有的一上下两 面均加工有轴承凹槽的凸起圆盘，所述连接孔内壁底面上与所述 凸起圆盘底面的轴承凹槽对应的位置加工有与其相对应的轴承 凹槽， 并在它们之间形成的环形孔腔中放满轴承钢珠， 所述盖板 套设于推动丝杆上并与钻夹头本体的上端固定连接，所述盖板的 下面与所述凸起圆盘上面的轴承凹槽对应的位置加工有与之对 应的轴承凹槽， 并在它们之间形成的环形孔腔中放满轴承钢珠。
优选的， 所述自紧钻夹头还包括锁紧装置， 所述锁紧装置包 括外壳、 锁止弹簧、 锁止压盖和锁止螺母， 所述推动丝杆的上端 设有限位槽， 所述锁止弹簧为一外侧加工有条形缺口的碟形弹 簧， 其圆心加工有与推动丝杆外径及所述限位槽匹配的通孔， 所 述锁止弹簧套设于所述推动丝杆的上端，所述锁止压盖为一下端 开口的圆筒， 其内径大于所述外壳上端的外径， 所述锁止压盖上 端中心加工有与所述推动丝杆的上端外径匹配的压盖通孔，所述 锁止压盖上端的内表面沿压盖通孔圆周均勾分部设有锁止凸钉， 所述锁止压盖套设于所述推动丝杆的上端并位于锁止弹簧的上 方， 所述锁止螺母为一下端开口的圆筒， 其内径大于锁止压盖的 外径， 其中心加工有与所述推动丝杆上端螺纹匹配的内螺纹孔， 所述锁止螺母旋接于所述推动丝杆的上端，并位于所述锁止压盖 的上方， 所述外壳为一上端开口的筒体， 其内径大于所述钻夹头 本体的最大外径及所述推动螺母的外径，其下端沿中轴线开设有 与所述钻夹头本体下端外径匹配的外壳通孔，所述钻夹头本体的 下端紧固地套设于所述外壳通孔中，所述外壳上端的内径与所述 锁止弹簧的外径匹配。
优选的， 所述的外壳上端内壁上固定设有锁止钢圏， 所述锁 止钢圏的内径与所述锁止弹簧的外径匹配。
优选的， 所述夹爪的外侧沿轴线设有一 V形槽， 所述钻夹头 本体上端与夹爪孔对应的位置分别加工一从钻夹头本体外侧与 夹爪孔相通的销孔， 所述销孔中设有夹爪稳定销， 所述夹爪稳定 销的头部与所述 V形槽匹配。
采用本技术方案的有益效果是： 提供一种自紧钻夹头， 由于 推动丝杆和钻夹头本体是活动连接， 因而使本实用新型具有自动 夹紧刀具的功能，其夹持力由自紧钻夹头连接的设备的传动轴的 转矩和钻夹头本体的惯性阻力矩及加工时自紧钻夹头夹持的刀 具作业时传递的阻力矩相互作用产生， 因此夹持力大， 并能持续 保持， 精度和稳定性高， 同时推动丝杆和推动螺母之间通过钢珠 连接， 摩擦力小， 彻底克服了以前产品会发生卡死故障的缺陷， 同时三个夹爪为具有光滑表面的柱体， 不需要在上面加工螺纹， 因而简化了生产工序， 降低了加工难度， 提高了产品成材率， 另 外不需要三个夹爪螺纹配套管理， P条低了管理成本， 并且因为是 柱体， 也不像契形夹爪那么难以加工， 因此具有结构简单， 重量 轻， 易于加工和小型化， 生产及管理成本低， 便于推广使用， 既 克服了扳手钻夹头及手紧钻夹头的夹持力不足， 易松动， 精度和 稳定性不高的缺点， 又解决了自紧钻夹头结构复杂， 重量大， 加 工困难， 生产成本高的缺点， 同时解决了上述钻夹头因夹持力过 大容易卡死松不开的缺陷。
附图说明：
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步详细 的说明。
图 1是本实用新型实施例 1的剖视图；
图 2是本实用新型实施例 1的分解示意图；
图 3是本实用新型实施例 1推动螺母的示意图；
图 4是本实用新型实施例 1推动螺母和推动丝杆的装配示意 图；
图 5是本实用新型实施例 2的剖视图；
图 6是本实用新型实施例 3的剖视图；
图 7是本实用新型实施例 4的剖视图。
图中数字和字母所表示的相应部件名称：
1. 钻夹头本体 11.夹爪稳定销 12. 封闭螺钉 13.装配孔 14.第一轴承凹槽 15.销孔 16.夹爪孔 17.刀具孔
18.连接孔 19.摩擦片 191.承接钢珠 2. 夹爪 22.球形凸头 3.推动螺母 31.开口沟槽 4.推动丝杆 41. 第二轴承凹 槽 42.主机连接孔 43.螺旋凹槽 44.钢珠 45.锁销 5. 锁止弹簧 6.锁止压盖 61.锁止凸钉 7.锁止螺母 8.轴 承钢珠 9.外壳
91.锁止钢圏
具体实施方式：
实施例 1， 如图 1到图 4所示， 一种自紧钻夹头， 包括钻夹 头本体 1、 三个夹爪 2、 推动丝杆 4、 推动螺母 3、 锁止弹簧 5、 锁止压盖 6、 锁止螺母 7、 轴承钢珠 8和外壳 9， 钻夹头本体 1 斜向对称地加工有三个贯穿上下两端的夹爪孔 16， 并在下端沿 所述钻夹头本体 1 的中轴线加工有大于最大适用刀具装配外径 的刀具孔 17， 三个夹爪 2分别滑动装设于夹爪孔 16中， 推动丝 杆 4 的上端加工有与装配该自紧钻夹头的设备主机的传动轴相 匹配的主机连接孔 42， 钻夹头本体 1 的上端沿中轴线加工有与 推动丝杆 4下端外径匹配的连接孔 18， 推动丝杆 4的下端活动 套设于连接孔 18中， 钻夹头本体 1与推动丝杆 4之间设有防止 两者脱离的限位装置， P艮位装置包括推动丝杆 4的下端外侧加工 的一条横截面为半圆的环形的第二轴承凹槽 41、 轴承钢珠 8和 连接孔 18内壁上与第二轴承凹槽 41对应的位置加工的第一轴承 凹槽 14， 第一轴承凹槽 14是一横截面和第二轴承凹槽 41的横 截面半径相等的半圆， 轴承钢珠 8的直径与第一轴承凹槽 14和 第二轴承凹槽 41相匹配，轴承钢珠 8放置于第一轴承凹槽 14和 第二轴承凹槽 41一起构成的环形孔腔中， 既起到活动连接钻夹 头本体 1和推动丝杆 4而防止两者脱离的作用，又在两者间构成 一转动轴承，使得钻夹头本体 1和推动丝杆 4之间可以相互转动 而阻力很小，推动丝杆 4的外表面加工有横截面为圆弧形的螺旋 凹槽 43， 推动螺母 3沿半径方向在与推动丝杆 4外表面螺旋凹 槽 43对应的位置加工有 17个通孔，每个通孔中装设有一个钢珠 44和一个防止钢珠 44脱落的锁销 45， 钢珠 44一部分嵌套于螺 旋凹槽 43中， 另一部分嵌套于通孔 44中， 推动螺母 3通过钢珠 44旋接于推动丝杆 4上。 推动螺母 3的外沿下端与三个夹爪 1 上端对应的位置沿直径方向加工有三个开口的 T形开口沟槽 31， 三个夹爪 2的上端设有与 T形开口沟槽 31 匹配的球形凸头 22， 球形凸头 22活动套设于对应的 T形开口沟槽 31中。
推动丝杆 4的上端设有限位槽，锁止弹簧 5为一外侧加工有 条形缺口的碟形弹簧，其圆心加工有与推动丝杆 4外径及限位槽 匹配的通孔， 锁止弹簧 5套设于推动丝杆 4的上端， 锁止压盖 6 为一下端开口的圆筒， 其内径大于外壳 9上端的外径， 锁止压盖 6上端中心加工有与推动丝杆 4的上端外径匹配的压盖通孔， 锁 止压盖 6 上端的内表面沿压盖通孔圆周均勾分部设有锁止凸钉 61，锁止压盖 6套设于推动丝杆 4的上端并位于锁止弹簧 5的上 方， 锁止螺母 7为一下端开口的圆筒， 其内径大于锁止压盖 6的 外径， 其中心加工有与推动丝杆 4上端螺纹匹配的内螺纹孔， 锁 止螺母 7旋接于所述推动丝杆 4的上端，并位于锁止压盖 6的上 方， 锁止螺母 7的上方在推动丝杆 4上装设有一弹簧卡， 以防止 锁止螺母 Ί意外脱离推动丝杆 4， 外壳 9为一上端开口的筒体， 其内径大于钻夹头本体 1的最大外径及推动螺母 3的外径，其下 端沿中轴线开设有与钻夹头本体 1下端外径匹配的外壳通孔，钻 夹头本体 1的下端紧固地套设于外壳通孔中，外壳 9的上端固定 套设有内径与锁止弹簧 5的外径匹配的锁止钢圏。
整个自紧钻夹头的工作原理是， 将刀具插入刀具孔 17 中， 用手转动外壳 9， 带动钻夹头本体 1与连接在设备工作轴上的推 动丝杆 4相对转动， 因为三个夹爪 1套设于夹爪孔 16中， 三个 夹爪 1的上端的球形凸头 22分别套设于推动螺母 3设有的三个 相应的 T形开口沟槽 31中， 因此外壳 9与推动丝杆 4的相对转 动也迫使推动螺母 3随着外壳 9及钻夹头本体 1一起同步与推动 丝杆 4做相对转动， 推动螺母 3在推动丝杆 4的螺旋凹槽 43和 钢珠 44的作用下向下移动，带动三个夹爪 2沿夹爪孔 16向下移 动， 三个夹爪 2下端之间的空隙也随之缩小， 直至夹紧放入刀具 孔 17中的刀具， 此时启动设备电机， 推动丝杆 4在工作轴的带 动下高速旋转， 由于钻夹头本体 1、 外壳 9和推动螺母 3的静止 惯性的作用，在推动丝杆 4启动的初始阶段有较强的冲击力以迫 使钻夹头本体 1、 外壳 9和推动螺母 3跟随其一起转动， 这个冲 击力进一步使三个夹爪 2夹紧刀具，之后刀具与加工件之间的反 作用力， 也在迫使钻夹头本体 1、 外壳 9和推动螺母 3与推动丝 杆 4之间做相对转动，这同样自动增加了三个夹爪 1对刀具的夹 持力， 因而具备了自紧的功能， 使整个自紧钻夹头具有很高的精 度和稳定性。 当夹紧刀具后， 向下转动锁止螺母 7， 锁止螺母 7 迫使锁止压盖 6向下运动，锁止凸钉 61压迫锁止弹簧 5的顶部， 使其变形导致外沿直径变大，锁止弹簧 5的外沿直径变大顶在外 壳 9上端的锁止钢圏 91的内表面， 两者之间的摩擦力使外壳 9 与推动丝杆 4之间不能再做相对运动， 因而整个自紧钻夹头被锁 死， 此时即可实现设备反转， 即实现反向加工功能。
推动螺母 3和推动丝杆 4之间由传统的螺纹连接关系改进为 钢珠 44的轴承式连接关系， 摩擦阻力大大减小， 一方面使得自 紧夹持的启动力矩也随之减小，在刀具直径较小时也能顺利启动 自紧夹持， 另一方面， 在停止作业后， 松开夹爪 2所需的力矩也 大大减小， 有效的杜绝了卡死故障的发生。
钻夹头本体 1上端与第一轴承凹槽 14对应的位置钻设有一 装配孔 13， 装配孔 13为一直径大于轴承钢珠 8的直径的带内螺 纹的通孔， 装配孔 13中拧设有一封闭螺钉 12， 在生产装配时， 将推动丝杆 4的下端插入钻夹头本体 1上端的连接孔 18中， 使 第二轴承凹槽 41与第一轴承凹槽 14对齐，此时把轴承钢珠 8从 装配孔 13中放入到第一轴承凹槽 14和第二轴承凹槽 41之间形 成的环形孔腔中， 转动推动丝杆 4， 在下一个位置再放入一个轴 承钢珠 8， 以此类推， 直至在第一轴承凹槽 14和第二轴承凹槽 41之间形成的环形孔腔中放满轴承钢珠 8， 最后将封闭螺钉 12 拧进装配孔 13， 防止轴承钢珠 8脱落， 这个设计使得各部件结 构和加工工艺及装配工艺简单， 降低了成本。
上述的 T形开口沟槽 31也可以加工为圆柱形开口沟槽 31， 其横截面类似于 Ω或开口向下的 C， 三个夹爪 2的上端设有与圆 柱形开口沟槽 31 匹配的球形凸头 22， 球形凸头 22活动套设于 对应的圆柱形开口沟槽 31 中， 三个夹爪 2的上端也可以 4故成椭 球形或者下端面为球面的半球形， 这样可以减小开口沟槽 31的 横截面积。
三个夹爪 2的外侧沿轴线还设有一 V形槽，钻夹头本体 1上 端与夹爪孔 16对应的位置分别加工一从钻夹头本体 1外侧与夹 爪孔 16相通的带内螺纹的销孔 15， 销孔 15 中拧设有夹爪稳定 销 11， 夹爪稳定销 11的头部 V形槽匹配， 将夹爪稳定销 11拧 进销孔 15， 使夹爪稳定销 11的头部定在夹爪 2的 V形槽上， 使 三个夹爪 2只能沿夹爪孔 16上下滑动， 而不能横向晃动， 大大 提高了整个产品的精度和稳定性， 同时因为不需在三个夹爪 2上 加工螺纹， 其柱形结构也比契形夹爪易于加工， 使生产加工难度 以及生产管理成本大大降低。
同时因为锁止钢圏 91的设置， 使得外壳 9可以采用塑料等 轻便、 成本低并易于加工的材质生产， 也使得产品的整体重量及 生产成本大大减少，整个技术方案也使得产品可以很容易的实现 小型化， 使产品得以在更大范围内得到推广应用。
实施例 2， 如图 5所示， 其余结构与实施例 1相同， 不同之 处是， 第一轴承凹槽 14和第二轴承凹槽 41可以设置成两组， 这 样在钻夹头本体 1和推动丝杆 4之间构成两个连接轴承，使得稳 定性和可靠性得到提高。
实施例 3， 如图 6所示， 其余结构与实施例 1相同， 不同之 处是，推动丝杆 4的下端设有的一上下两面均加工有轴承凹槽的 凸起圆盘， 连接孔 18 内壁底面上与凸起圆盘底面的轴承凹槽对 应的位置加工有与其相对应的轴承凹槽，并在它们之间形成的环 形孔腔中放满轴承钢珠 8， 增设一盖板， 套设于推动丝杆 4上并 与钻夹头本体 1上端固定连接，盖板的下面与凸起圆盘上面的轴 承凹槽对应的位置加工有与之对应的轴承凹槽，并在它们之间形 成的环形孔腔中放满轴承钢珠 8， 这样在钻夹头本体 1和推动丝 杆 4之间形成两个推力轴承， 结构简单， 摩擦力小， 精度和稳定 性均能达到要求。
实施例 4， 如图 7所示， 其余结构与实施例 1相同， 不同之 处是， 刀具孔的上端固定装设有摩擦片 19， 摩擦片 19的下端面 加工为粗糙面， 摩擦片 19的上端中心钻有盲孔， 盲孔中活动装 设有一个承接钢珠 191， 所述承接钢珠 191位于所述摩擦片和推 动丝杆之间，该承接钢珠 191上部与推动丝杆 4的下端轻轻接触， 在安装时， 此处注有润滑油脂， 保证钻夹头本体 1和推动丝杆 4 之间的摩擦力很小， 当刀具装入刀具孔中， 刀具的上端接触到摩 擦片 19粗糙的下端面， 两者之间的摩擦力较大， 使刀具和工件 之间的加工阻力矩更多的传递到钻夹头本体 1上，使钻夹头本体 1与推动丝杆 4之间的相对转动的力矩更大，更易实现自紧夹持。
上述方案中的通孔为 3个时， 通孔应沿螺旋凹槽 43均匀间 隔 120度分部， 若通孔数为 4个时， 每个通孔间隔 90度分部， 以此类推，目的是为了使推动螺母 3平稳的旋接于推动丝杆 4上。
上述技术方案中，构成轴承的轴承钢珠 8也可以用圆柱式或 圆锥台式钢轴承滚轴代替， 此时推动丝杆 4与连接孔 18内壁之 间形成的圆环形孔腔与上述轴承滚轴相匹配，在要求较低又需要 低价格的应用场所，可以仅在推力丝杆 4的下端加工一个环形凹 槽，然后在钻夹头本体 1上端与环形凹槽对应的位置分部均匀的 钻设至少 3个通孔， 在通孔中装设限位销， P艮位销的前端嵌入环 形凹槽中，推动丝杆 4与钻夹头本体 1之间可以自由地相对转动， 但是受限位销的阻碍， 不会脱离钻夹头本体 1， 也可满足低端市 场的需求。
对于上述技术方案， 在不需要反转加工作业的场合， 可以取 消锁止弹簧 5、 锁止压盖 6、 锁止螺母 7和锁止钢圏 91等构件， 使成本进一步降低， 以满足生产活动不同的需求。
采用本技术方案的有益效果是： 提供一种自紧钻夹头， 由于 推动丝杆和钻夹头本体是活动连接， 因而使本实用新型具有自动 夹紧刀具的功能，其夹持力由自紧钻夹头连接的设备的传动轴的 转矩和钻夹头本体的惯性阻力矩及加工时自紧钻夹头夹持的刀 具作业时传递的阻力矩相互作用产生， 因此夹持力大， 并能持续 保持， 精度和稳定性高， 同时推动丝杆和推动螺母之间通过钢珠 连接， 摩擦力小， 彻底克服了以前产品会发生卡死故障的缺陷， 同时三个夹爪为具有光滑表面的柱体， 不需要在上面加工螺纹， 因而简化了生产工序， 降低了加工难度， 提高了产品成材率， 另 外不需要三个夹爪螺纹配套管理， P条低了管理成本， 并且因为是 柱体， 也不像契形夹爪那么难以加工， 因此具有结构简单， 重量 轻， 易于加工和小型化， 生产及管理成本低， 便于推广使用， 既 克服了扳手钻夹头及手紧钻夹头的夹持力不足， 易松动， 精度和 稳定性不高的缺点， 又解决了自紧钻夹头结构复杂， 重量大， 加 工困难， 生产成本高的缺点， 同时解决了上述钻夹头容易卡死的 缺陷。 于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本实用新型创造构思的 前提下， 还可以做出若干变形和改进， 这些都属于本实用新型的 保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种自紧钻夹头， 包括钻夹头本体和三个夹爪， 所述钻夹 头本体斜向对称地加工有三个贯穿上下两端的夹爪孔，并在下端 沿所述钻夹头本体的中轴线加工有大于最大适用刀具装配外径 的刀具孔， 所述三个夹爪分别滑动装设于所述夹爪孔中， 所述三 个夹爪为具有光滑表面的柱体，所述自紧钻夹头还包括推动丝杆 和推动螺母，所述推动丝杆的上端加工有与装配该自紧钻夹头的 设备主机的传动轴相匹配的锥孔或螺纹孔或连接杆，所述钻夹头 本体的上端沿中轴线加工有与所述推动丝杆下端外径匹配的连 接孔， 所述推动丝杆的下端活动套设于所述连接孔中， 所述钻夹 头本体与所述推动丝杆之间设有防止两者脱离的 p艮位装置，所述 推动螺母的外沿下端与所述三个夹爪上端对应的位置沿直径方 向加工有三个开口沟槽， 其横截面为一下端开口的不闭合曲线， 其下端开口的宽度小于曲线上平行于开口两点连线的任意两点 距离的最大值，所述三个夹爪的上端设有与所述开口沟槽匹配的 凸头， 所述凸头活动套设于对应的开口沟槽中， 其特征在于， 所 述推动丝杆的外表面加工有横截面为圆弧形的螺旋凹槽，所述推 动螺母沿半径方向在与所述推动丝杆外表面螺旋凹槽对应的位 置加工有至少三个通孔，每个所述通孔中装设有一个钢珠和一个 防止钢珠脱落的锁销， 所述钢珠一部分嵌套于所述螺旋凹槽中， 另一部分嵌套于所述通孔中，推动螺母通过所述的钢珠旋接于所 述推动丝杆上。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种自紧钻夹头， 其特征在于， 所述夹爪上端的凸头为球形或半球形，所述凸头活动套设于所述 开口凹槽中。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种自紧钻夹头， 其特征在 于， 所述刀具孔的上端固定装设有摩擦片， 所述摩擦片的下端面 加工为粗糙面， 所述摩擦片的上端中心钻有盲孔， 所述盲孔中活 动装设有一个承接钢珠，所述承接钢珠位于所述摩擦片和推动丝 杆之间并高出摩擦片的上端平面。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 1所述的一种自紧钻夹头， 其特征在 于，所述限位装置包括所述推动丝杆的下端外侧加工的至少一条 横截面为半圆的环形的第二轴承凹槽、轴承钢珠和所述连接孔内 壁上与所述第二轴承凹槽对应的位置加工的第一轴承凹槽，所述 第一轴承凹槽是一横截面和第二轴承凹槽的横截面半径相等的 半圆，所述轴承钢珠的直径与所述第一轴承凹槽和第二轴承凹槽 相匹配，所述轴承钢珠放置于所述第一轴承凹槽和第二轴承凹槽 一起构成的环形孔腔中。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的一种自紧钻夹头， 其特征在于， 所述钻夹头本体上端与第一轴承凹槽对应的位置钻设有一装配 孔， 所述装配孔为一直径大于轴承钢珠直径的带内螺纹的通孔， 所述装配孔中拧设有一封闭螺钉。
6. 根据权利要求 1或 1所述的一种自紧钻夹头， 其特征在 于， 所述限位装置包括所述推动丝杆的下端设有的一凸起圆盘、 轴承钢珠和盖板，所述推动丝杆的下端设有的一上下两面均加工 有轴承凹槽的凸起圆盘，所述连接孔内壁底面上与所述凸起圆盘 底面的轴承凹槽对应的位置加工有与其相对应的轴承凹槽，并在 它们之间形成的环形孔腔中放满轴承钢珠，所述盖板套设于推动 丝杆上并与钻夹头本体的上端固定连接，所述盖板的下面与所述 凸起圆盘上面的轴承凹槽对应的位置加工有与之对应的轴承凹 槽， 并在它们之间形成的环形孔腔中放满轴承钢珠。
7. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种自紧钻夹头， 其特征在 于， 所述自紧钻夹头还包括锁紧装置， 所述锁紧装置包括外壳、 锁止弹簧、锁止压盖和锁止螺母， 所述推动丝杆的上端设有限位 槽， 所述锁止弹簧为一外侧加工有条形缺口的碟形弹簧， 其圆心 加工有与推动丝杆外径及所述限位槽匹配的通孔，所述锁止弹簧 套设于所述推动丝杆的上端， 所述锁止压盖为一下端开口的圆 筒， 其内径大于所述外壳上端的外径， 所述锁止压盖上端中心加 工有与所述推动丝杆的上端外径匹配的压盖通孔，所述锁止压盖 上端的内表面沿压盖通孔圆周均匀分部设有锁止凸钉，所述锁止 压盖套设于所述推动丝杆的上端并位于锁止弹簧的上方，所述锁 止螺母为一下端开口的圆筒， 其内径大于锁止压盖的外径， 其中 心加工有与所述推动丝杆上端螺纹匹配的内螺纹孔，所述锁止螺 母旋接于所述推动丝杆的上端， 并位于所述锁止压盖的上方， 所 述外壳为一上端开口的筒体，其内径大于所述钻夹头本体的最大 外径及所述推动螺母的外径，其下端沿中轴线开设有与所述钻夹 头本体下端外径匹配的外壳通孔，所述钻夹头本体的下端紧固地 套设于所述外壳通孔中，所述外壳上端的内径与所述锁止弹簧的 外径匹配。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的一种自紧钻夹头， 其特征在于， 所述的外壳上端内壁上固定设有锁止钢圏，所述锁止钢圏的内径 与所述锁止弹簧的外径匹配。
9. 根据权利要求 1到 1任意所述的一种自紧钻夹头， 其特 征在于， 所述夹爪的外侧沿轴线设有一 V形槽， 所述钻夹头本体 上端与夹爪孔对应的位置分别加工一从钻夹头本体外侧与夹爪 孔相通的销孔， 所述销孔中设有夹爪稳定销， 所述夹爪稳定销的 头部与所述 V形槽匹配。
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US20180272436A1 (en) * 2011-04-05 2018-09-27 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Auto sizing chuck
US10376966B2 (en) * 2011-04-05 2019-08-13 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Auto sizing chuck
CN107812830A (zh) * 2017-11-08 2018-03-20 镇江市丹徒区顺发船舶螺旋桨有限公司 一种稳定放置的螺旋桨转毂打孔装置
CN108543962A (zh) * 2018-06-12 2018-09-18 山东威达机械股份有限公司 一种钻夹头
CN108543962B (zh) * 2018-06-12 2023-07-07 山东威达机械股份有限公司 一种钻夹头
CN115570046A (zh) * 2021-06-21 2023-01-06 三花控股集团有限公司 管件加工设备及管件加工方法
CN113601203A (zh) * 2021-09-09 2021-11-05 苏州市职业大学 一种轴向快速移动式夹头
CN115740581B (zh) * 2022-11-17 2023-12-26 江苏飞达钻头股份有限公司 一种适用直柄钻头的钻夹头及其使用方法
CN117415350A (zh) * 2023-12-04 2024-01-19 山东孚日电机科技有限公司 一种可变动式通用止口精细车削的车胎
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CN121670003A (zh) * 2026-02-12 2026-03-17 上海钰工工具有限公司 一种便于安装的三方柄高效锪钻

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