WO2010111864A1 - 天线校准方法和系统 - Google Patents

天线校准方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010111864A1
WO2010111864A1 PCT/CN2009/075226 CN2009075226W WO2010111864A1 WO 2010111864 A1 WO2010111864 A1 WO 2010111864A1 CN 2009075226 W CN2009075226 W CN 2009075226W WO 2010111864 A1 WO2010111864 A1 WO 2010111864A1
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Prior art keywords
calibration
frequency
signal
time domain
frequency domain
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PCT/CN2009/075226
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
路陈红
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Priority to JP2012502422A priority Critical patent/JP5686792B2/ja
Priority to SI200931849T priority patent/SI2416507T1/en
Priority to EP09842520.0A priority patent/EP2416507B1/en
Publication of WO2010111864A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010111864A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/21Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular, to an antenna calibration method and system. Background technique
  • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Time Division Duplex OFDM-TDD
  • eNodeB base station
  • the antenna array In order to ensure the correctness and reliability of the shaping, the antenna array must be calibrated to reduce the amplitude and phase errors of each channel of the array.
  • the antenna calibration technique of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system mainly receives the frequency domain pilot sequences transmitted by the respective transmitting antennas, and jointly estimates the respective transmitting antenna paths at the receiving end. The frequency domain response is then compensated for the difference in the frequency domain response of each of the reflected antennas, thereby realizing the frequency domain calibration of the transmitting channels of the respective transmitting antennas.
  • the channels can be reduced by frequency division or code division. Interference.
  • the channel used for antenna calibration is the same as the channel used by the communication system.
  • the calibration detection pilot signal should be transmitted at the time when there is no communication data transmission.
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • DwPTS Downlink Pilot Time Slot
  • UpPTS Uplink Pilot Time Slot
  • GP Guard Period
  • the above processing method only considers reducing the interference of DwPTS, but does not consider increasing the length of the cyclic prefix to extend the effective calibration pilot signal to the UpPTS time slot, which not only affects the normal uplink communication, but also reduces the calibration accuracy.
  • the calibration pilot signal when there is a random access signal transmitted in advance, there is also mutual interference between the calibration pilot signal and the random access signal.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the problem that the calibration detection pilot signal in the prior art interferes with the normal communication of the communication system. Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide an antenna calibration method and system to solve the existing problems in the prior art. The above question.
  • the present invention provides an antenna calibration method.
  • the antenna calibration method includes: the transmitting end groups the subcarrier frequency points on the transmitting antenna, and determines the frequency domain calibration pilot signal of the transmitting antenna according to the packet; the transmitting end obtains the time domain complete calibration according to the frequency domain calibration pilot signal.
  • a pilot signal and constructing a time domain transmit signal to the receiving end by using the time domain complete calibration pilot signal; the receiving end recovers to the time domain complete calibration pilot signal according to the received time domain transmit signal; the receiving end is based on the restored time domain
  • the pilot signal is completely calibrated to obtain the frequency domain response of each packet, and the frequency domain response of all subcarrier frequencies of the calibration channel is obtained according to the frequency domain response of each packet; the receiving end determines the compensation coefficient of the calibration channel according to the frequency domain response of all subcarriers.
  • the transmitting end grouping the subcarrier frequency points on the transmitting antenna specifically includes: the transmitting end groups the subcarrier frequency points on the one or more transmitting antennas.
  • the method further includes: the receiving end superimposing the time domain transmitting signal in a receiving calibration path for receiving.
  • the transmitting end groups the subcarrier frequency points on the transmitting antenna, and specifically includes: determining a number of groups of subcarrier frequency point groups; and according to the frequency of the subcarrier frequency points, each subcarrier frequency point is according to the first group. The order of the last group is sequentially grouped. If the number of subcarrier frequency points is greater than the number of groups, the remaining subcarrier frequency points are sequentially divided into the first group to the last group; determining subcarriers in each group The number of frequency points.
  • the number of groups is divided by the total number of subcarrier frequency points.
  • the number of groups is 4 or 8.
  • the transmitting end determines the frequency domain calibration pilot signal of the transmitting antenna according to the packet, specifically: the transmitting end determines the base sequence according to the number of subcarrier frequency points in each group, and determines the frequency domain of the transmitting antenna according to the base sequence. Calibrate the pilot signal.
  • the method further includes: the transmitting end determines the frequency domain calibration pilot signal of each calibration channel by using code division multiplexing.
  • the pilot sequence of the code division multiplexing is a Zadoff_chu base sequence.
  • the transmitting end obtains the time domain complete calibration pilot signal according to the frequency domain calibration pilot signal, and constructs the time domain transmission signal to the receiving end by using the time domain complete calibration pilot signal, which specifically includes: the transmitting end aligns the frequency domain alignment guide.
  • the frequency signal is mapped on the corresponding subcarrier frequency point after the grouping, and the position of the remaining unmapped subcarrier frequency point is filled with zero value to obtain the frequency domain signal of the transmitting antenna; the transmitting end converts the frequency domain signal of the transmitting antenna into the transmitting end.
  • the time domain of the antenna completely calibrates the pilot signal; the transmitting end segments the time domain complete calibration pilot signal of the transmitting antenna according to the number of groups, and selects any one of the signals as an effective calibration signal; the transmitting end pairs the effective calibration signal Performing zero-for-zero operations to construct a time domain transmit signal of the transmit antenna; the transmit end transmits the time domain transmit signal to the receive end.
  • the receiving end obtains the frequency domain response of each packet according to the recovered time domain complete calibration pilot signal, including: the receiving end converts the restored time domain complete calibration pilot signal into a frequency domain signal; preferably, the receiving end is restored according to the receiving end
  • the time domain complete calibration pilot signal obtains the frequency domain response of each packet, and further includes: receiving the time domain complete calibration pilot signal of each packet recovered by the receiving end, performing fast Fourier transform, converting into a frequency domain signal, and according to The frequency channel pilots of each channel of the calibration channel are estimated, and the frequency response of the corresponding subcarriers of each group of the calibration channel is estimated; or, the receiving end performs fast Fourier transform on the time domain complete calibration pilot signal of each recovered packet, and converts into groups The frequency domain signal, and based on the frequency domain pilot of each packet of the calibration channel, estimates the frequency response of the corresponding subcarrier of each packet.
  • the frequency domain response of the point includes: the receiving end directly combines the frequency domain response of the corresponding frequency point of each subcarrier frequency point group for each calibration channel, and obtains the frequency domain response of all subcarriers; or, the receiving end pairs each calibration channel, For the frequency response of each group of subcarrier frequency points, the subcarrier frequency points without frequency response are interpolated by using the determined frequency response, and multiple frequency responses corresponding to each subcarrier frequency point are averaged to obtain all subcarriers. Frequency domain response; or, the receiving end selects a frequency response of a set of subcarrier frequency points for each calibration channel, and interpolates the subcarrier frequency points without frequency response by using the determined frequency response, and obtains a frequency domain response of all subcarriers. .
  • the method further includes: the receiving end repeatedly performing the operation of obtaining the frequency domain response of each packet and the frequency domain response of all subcarriers, and obtaining a frequency domain response of all the multiple subcarriers; The frequency domain response of the subcarriers is averaged to obtain an average of the frequency domain responses of the plurality of subcarriers.
  • the receiving end determines the compensation coefficient of the calibration channel according to the frequency domain response of all subcarriers, and the receiving end determines the compensation coefficient of the calibration channel according to the average value.
  • the method further includes: the receiving end performs corresponding compensation on the calibration channel according to the compensation coefficient.
  • an antenna calibration system is provided.
  • the antenna calibration system includes: a transmitting end and a receiving end, wherein the transmitting end is configured to group subcarrier frequency points on the transmitting antenna, and determine a frequency domain calibration pilot signal of the transmitting antenna according to the packet;
  • the frequency domain calibration pilot signal obtains a time domain complete calibration pilot signal, and the time domain complete calibration pilot signal is used to construct a time domain transmission signal to be sent to the receiving end;
  • the receiving end is configured to restore the received time domain transmit signal to a time domain complete calibration pilot signal, obtain a frequency domain response of each packet according to the time domain complete calibration pilot signal, and obtain each calibration according to the frequency domain response of each group
  • the frequency domain response of all subcarrier frequencies of the channel determines the compensation coefficients of each calibration channel according to the frequency domain response of all subcarriers of each calibration channel.
  • the transmitting end includes: a frequency domain calibration pilot sequence generating unit, configured to group subcarrier frequency points on more than one transmitting antenna, and determine a frequency domain calibration pilot signal of one or more transmitting antennas according to the packet; and frequency domain calibration pilot sequence a mapping unit, configured to map a frequency domain calibrated pilot signal to a corresponding subcarrier frequency point after the grouping, to obtain a frequency domain signal of one or more transmitting antennas; and a first converting unit, configured to convert the frequency domain signal into one or more transmissions
  • the domain transmits a signal.
  • the receiving end includes: a time domain calibration pilot recovery unit, configured to restore the time domain transmit signal to a time domain complete calibration pilot signal; and a second conversion unit, configured to convert the time domain complete calibration pilot signal into a frequency domain signal; a subcarrier frequency response estimating unit, configured to determine a frequency domain response of each packet according to the frequency domain signal; a channel frequency response synthesizing unit, configured to determine a frequency domain of all subcarrier frequency points of one or more calibration channels according to a frequency domain response of each packet Response; channel frequency response smoothing unit, Averaging the frequency domain responses of all subcarrier frequencies of more than one calibration channel obtained multiple times, obtaining an average value of the frequency domain responses of all subcarriers of more than one calibration channel; and a compensation coefficient determining unit for The average of multiple calibration channels determines the compensation factor for more than one calibration channel.
  • a regular time domain calibration pilot signal is constructed by using subcarrier grouping, and the time domain transmission time of the calibration pilot is reduced, which solves the problem that the calibration detection pilot signal interferes with the communication system in the prior art.
  • the problem of communication makes the transmission of the antenna calibration pilot signal avoid the influence of DwPTS and UpPTS, and improves the calibration estimation accuracy without affecting normal communication.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an antenna calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention; a schematic diagram of a row grouping; and FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an antenna calibration system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In order to solve the problem that the calibration detection pilot signal existing in the prior art interferes with the normal communication of the communication system, the present invention provides an antenna calibration method and system.
  • the sub-carrier on the transmitting antenna The carrier frequency points are regularly grouped, and the frequency response of a group of subcarriers is estimated each time, and then the frequency response of each group is integrated to obtain the compensation coefficients of the respective transmitting antennas, wherein the compensation coefficients are used for corresponding to each transmitting antenna. make up.
  • the time domain signal to be transmitted by the transmitting antenna also has a certain regularity, so in the actual transmission, it is only necessary to select a signal transmission corresponding to a part of the time period, from another
  • the time domain signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna at the GP consists of three parts: The zero-charge value is used to protect the actual calibration signal from the DwPTS signal; the second part is the selected time-domain calibration signal segment; the third part is still filled with zero value, used to avoid randomization with the UpPTS signal and early transmission.
  • the access signals interfere with each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an antenna calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes the following steps:
  • Step S102 The transmitting end regularly groups the subcarrier frequency points on the transmitting antenna, and determines a frequency domain calibration pilot signal of each transmitting antenna according to the packet, where the transmitting end may include one or more transmitting antennas.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a regular grouping of subcarrier frequency points on respective transmitting antennas by a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the transmitting end transmits subcarriers on each transmitting antenna according to FIG.
  • the frequency points are regularly grouped.
  • the transmitting end needs to first determine the number of groups of subcarrier frequency point packets, wherein the number of groups is to divide the total number of subcarriers on the transmitting antenna.
  • the number of groups may be 4 or 8.
  • the transmitting end groups each subcarrier frequency point in order from the first group to the last group according to the frequency of the subcarrier frequency point.
  • the remaining sub The carrier frequency points are successively divided into the first group to the last group. 2, assuming the total number of sub-carrier frequency for N ⁇ , and the number of groups of M, then the sub-carrier frequencies assigned to the first group ⁇ , a / 2 to the second group, / 3 is assigned to the third group, and so on, assigning / « to group M; starting from / M+1 , reassigning from the first group, ie, assigning / M+1 to the first group, will / M+2 is assigned to the second group, / M+3 is assigned to the third group, and will be assigned to the Mth group.
  • the transmitting end also needs to determine the number of subcarrier frequency points in each group, each group The number of carrier frequencies is N ⁇ divided by M. Specifically, the transmitting end determines the base sequence according to the number of subcarrier frequency points in each subcarrier frequency group. That is, the length of the base sequence is equal to the number of subcarrier frequency points in each group; and the frequency domain calibration pilot signals of the respective transmit antennas are determined according to the base sequence.
  • the manner of generating the frequency domain pilot signals of each transmit antenna is preferably, but not limited to, a code division multiplexing manner, wherein the base sequence of the code division multiplexing is preferably
  • step S102 for each subcarrier frequency group in one or more transmit antennas, starting from the first set of subcarrier frequencies, the following steps S104 to S106 are performed for each group of subcarrier frequencies.
  • Step S104 The transmitting end obtains the time domain complete calibration pilot signal according to the frequency domain calibration pilot signal, and constructs the time domain transmission signal to the receiving end by using the time domain complete calibration pilot signal.
  • step S104 includes the following processing:
  • the transmitting end maps the frequency domain calibration pilot signals of the respective transmitting antennas on the corresponding subcarrier frequency points in the grouped subcarrier frequency group, and the remaining unmapped The position of the subcarrier frequency point is filled with a value of zero to obtain a frequency domain signal of each transmitting antenna;
  • the transmitting end performs inverse fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the frequency domain signals of each transmitting antenna to obtain a time domain complete calibration pilot signal of each transmitting antenna;
  • IFFT inverse fast Fourier Transform
  • the transmitting end segments the time domain complete calibration pilot signal of each transmitting antenna according to the number of groups. For example, if the number of groups is M, the time domain complete calibration pilot signal of each transmitting antenna is divided into M segments. And select any one of the signals as a valid calibration signal;
  • the transmitting end performs the zero-padding operation on the valid calibration signal to form the time domain transmitting signal of each transmitting antenna.
  • the front and back zero padding can avoid the DwPTS interference and avoid conflict with the UpPTS and the early random access signal.
  • the length of zero can be adjusted by changing the number of subcarrier groups;
  • the transmitting end sends the time domain transmitting signal to the receiving end.
  • Step S106 The receiving end receives the time domain transmitting signal in the receiving calibration path, and recovers the time domain complete calibration pilot signal according to the received time domain transmitting signal.
  • the receiving end superimposes the time domain transmitting signal in a receiving calibration path for receiving; after that, the receiving end recovers the time domain complete calibration pilot signal according to the received time domain transmitting signal. And obtaining a frequency domain response of each packet according to the recovered time domain complete calibration pilot signal.
  • the transmitting end sends the time domain transmitting signal to the receiving end
  • the receiving end performs a zeroing operation on the time domain transmitting signal to obtain a valid calibration signal; and then uses an effective calibration according to the regularity of the time domain complete calibration pilot signal.
  • the signal is recovered to obtain a time domain complete calibration pilot signal for each transmit antenna.
  • Step S108, step S104 to step S106 are repeatedly performed, and after the time domain complete calibration pilot signals of the respective groups of the respective transmit antennas are obtained, the frequency domain signals corresponding to the subcarriers of the respective groups of the respective transmit antennas are converted, and the correlation algorithm is used according to each The transmit antenna frequency domain pilot estimates the frequency response of the corresponding subcarriers of each of the transmit antennas.
  • step S108 estimating the frequency response of the corresponding subcarriers of each of the transmitting antennas includes, but is not limited to, the following two estimation methods:
  • the frequency domain pilot of each packet of the channel estimates the frequency response of the corresponding subcarrier of each packet;
  • step S110 synthesizing the frequency response estimated by each subcarrier group to obtain the frequency response of all subcarriers of each calibration channel includes but is not limited to the following three integrated modes:
  • the estimated frequency response of the corresponding frequency points of each subcarrier group is directly combined to obtain the frequency response of all the subcarriers;
  • the estimated frequency response of each group of subcarriers using the estimated frequency response to interpolate the subcarrier frequencies without the frequency response, and then averaging the multiple frequency responses corresponding to each subcarrier;
  • step S110 it is also required to perform estimation and smoothing on the calibration channel subcarrier frequency response.
  • the transmitting end and the receiving end need to repeatedly perform the operation of obtaining the frequency domain response of each packet and the frequency domain response of all subcarriers, and obtain each Multiple frequency domain responses of subcarriers;
  • the receiving end averages multiple frequency domain responses of each subcarrier to obtain an average frequency domain response value of each subcarrier. That is to say, steps S104 to S108 are repeated N times, N estimated frequency responses are obtained for each subcarrier of each calibration channel, and N estimated values are averaged to obtain smoothed all subcarrier frequency responses of each calibration channel.
  • Step S112 The receiving end determines a compensation coefficient of each calibration channel according to a frequency domain response of all subcarriers, where the compensation coefficient is used to compensate each calibration channel accordingly.
  • the receiving end can determine the compensation coefficient of each calibration channel according to the average value.
  • multi-antenna calibration is divided into reception calibration and transmission calibration.
  • the transmission calibration can be divided into three types: multi-antenna round emission calibration, multi-antenna simultaneous transmission calibration and multi-antenna packet round transmission calibration.
  • Receiving calibration means that the transmitting end transmits an calibrated pilot signal with an antenna, and receives The terminal is simultaneously received by a plurality of antennas, and each receiving antenna receives a receiving calibration channel to obtain a frequency domain response of the receiving antenna, thereby determining a compensation coefficient thereof.
  • the multi-antenna round of transmission calibration means that multiple transmitting antennas in the transmitting end transmit the calibrated pilot signals in turn, and only one antenna transmits the calibrated pilot signal at each time, and the receiving end is received by one receiving antenna; Calibration means that multiple transmitting antennas at the transmitting end simultaneously transmit calibration pilot signals, and the receiving end receives superimposed signals from multiple transmitting antennas by one receiving antenna; and the transmitting calibration of multiple antenna packet rounds refers to multiple transmitting antennas at the transmitting end. Divided into multiple groups, each group contains more than one transmitting antenna, and multiple groups transmit the calibrated pilot signals in turn, and only one of the plurality of antennas simultaneously transmits the calibrated pilot signal at each time, and the receiving end is provided by one receiving antenna. A superimposed signal from a plurality of transmit antennas of a group is received.
  • the total number of transmitting antennas corresponding to the multi-antenna simultaneous calibration is reduced or is 1, so multi-antenna
  • the round-robin and multi-antenna packet firing calibrations can be considered as special cases of multi-antenna simultaneous calibration of the transmit calibration.
  • the receiving calibration is equivalent to the multi-antenna round of transmission calibration, and the total number of transmitting antennas corresponding to multi-antenna simultaneous calibration is 1 and the receiving antenna is multiple.
  • the transmitting end generates a frequency domain calibration pilot signal of each transmitting antenna.
  • Step S301 assuming that the total number of subcarrier frequency points on the transmitting antenna is N ⁇ , .
  • the average is divided into M groups, and the frequency of each group of subcarriers is N ⁇ , and the distribution mode is shown in Fig. 2.
  • Step S302 generating a long Zadoff_chu base sequence, and each of the transmit antenna frequency domain calibration pilot signals can be obtained by different phase shifts of the base sequence.
  • the frequency domain calibration pilot signal r w ( «) of each transmit antenna can be expressed as:
  • Step S303 The transmitting end frequency domain calibrates the pilot signal mapping.
  • Step S304 The transmitter end time domain completely calibrates the pilot signal segment.
  • Step S305 The transmitting end generates a time domain transmitting signal and transmits the signal.
  • m ( «) of the selected time domain segment zero-padding constitutes the transmit signal m ( «) of each transmit antenna and is transmitted.
  • m ( «) can be expressed as: 0 n ⁇ N DW
  • N nw represents the number of sampling points used to avoid the DwPTS interference period
  • N p represents the whole
  • the length of the period for avoiding DwPTS interference and avoiding collision with the UpPTS and the early uplink random access signal can be changed by changing the number of subcarrier groups M.
  • the complete time domain calibration signal x' n) is then recovered according to the regularity of the time domain complete calibration of the pilot signal x ⁇ , for example, for the first set of pilot signals:
  • Step S307 The receiving end estimates a frequency response of each packet of each of the transmitting calibration channels (ie, the channel between each transmitting antenna and the calibration receiving antenna).
  • FFT transform is performed for each set of recovered complete time domain calibration signals to obtain XJ' k), and each transmission calibration channel group is estimated by using a time domain correlation algorithm according to each of the transmission calibration channel frequency domain pilot signals.
  • the frequency response of the subcarriers can be further processed by time domain noise reduction.
  • Step S308 the receiving end synthesizes the frequency response estimated by each subcarrier group to obtain the frequency response H k of all subcarriers of each transmitting calibration channel.
  • the direct merger method For the first integrated approach, the direct merger method:
  • the frequency response of each transmit calibration channel subcarrier is estimated to be smooth.
  • Step S309 obtaining N estimated frequency responses for all subcarriers of each transmit calibration channel, and averaging the N estimated values to obtain a smoothed frequency response of all subcarriers of each transmit calibration channel.
  • Step S310 calculating a compensation coefficient of each of the transmission calibration channels according to the smoothed frequency response.
  • the respective transmit calibration channels are compensated accordingly according to the compensation coefficients, so that the frequency responses of the respective transmit channels are consistent. Find the average of the maximum power of each transmit calibration channel,
  • each transmitting antenna in the transmitting end performs step 305 to send a calibration signal in turn, and the receiving end repeats steps 306 and 307 at the corresponding time to estimate each transmitting calibration channel (ie, each transmitting antenna to the calibration).
  • the channel between the receiving antennas) the frequency response of each packet.
  • each set of transmit antennas in the transmit end performs a step 305 to transmit a calibration signal, and the receiving end repeats steps 306 and 307 at the corresponding time to estimate each set of transmit calibration channels (ie, each set of transmit antennas).
  • the frequency response of each packet To calibrate the channel between the receiving antennas) the frequency response of each packet.
  • each receiving antenna at the receiving end performs step 306 and step 307 in parallel to estimate the frequency response of each packet corresponding to the receiving calibration channel (ie, the channel calibrating the antenna to each receiving antenna).
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an antenna calibration system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the antenna calibration system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a transmitter 40, such as a transmitter.
  • the receiving end 42 such as a receiver.
  • the transmitting end 40 includes: a frequency domain calibrated pilot sequence generating unit 401, a frequency domain calibrated pilot sequence mapping unit 402, a first converting unit 403, and a time domain transmitting signal generating unit 404.
  • the receiving end 42 includes: a time domain complete calibration Pilot recovery unit 420, second conversion unit 421, subcarrier frequency response estimation unit 422, channel frequency response synthesis unit 423, channel frequency response smoothing unit 424, and compensation coefficient determination unit 425.
  • Each of the above units will be described in detail below with reference to FIG.
  • the frequency domain calibration pilot sequence generating unit 401 is connected to the frequency domain calibration pilot sequence mapping unit 402, and is configured to group the subcarrier frequency points on one or more of the at least one transmitting antenna, and determine the frequency of one or more transmitting antennas according to the grouping. Domain calibration pilot signal.
  • the frequency domain calibrated pilot sequence mapping unit 402 is coupled to the first converting unit 403 for mapping the frequency domain calibrated pilot signals to the corresponding subcarrier frequency points after the grouping to obtain frequency domain signals of more than one transmitting antenna.
  • the first converting unit 403 is connected to the time domain transmitting signal generating unit 404 for converting the frequency domain signal into a time domain complete calibration pilot signal of one or more transmitting antennas by IFFT.
  • the time domain transmit signal generating unit 404 is configured to segment the time domain complete calibration pilot signal, select any one of the signals as an effective calibration signal, and construct a time domain transmit signal of more than one transmit antenna.
  • the time domain complete calibration pilot recovery unit 420 is configured to restore the time domain transmit signal to a time domain complete calibration pilot signal.
  • the second converting unit 421 is configured to convert the time domain complete calibration pilot signal into a frequency domain calibration pilot signal.
  • the subcarrier frequency response estimating unit 422 is configured to determine a frequency i or a response of each packet according to the frequency domain calibration pilot signal.
  • the channel frequency response synthesis unit 423 is configured to determine a frequency domain response of all subcarrier frequencies of one of the above calibration channels according to the frequency domain response of each packet.
  • the channel frequency response smoothing unit 424 is configured to average the frequency domain responses of all subcarrier frequencies of the one or more calibration channels obtained multiple times to obtain an average value of the frequency domain responses of all the subcarriers of the one or more calibration channels.
  • the compensation coefficient determining unit 425 is configured to determine a compensation coefficient of one or more calibration channels according to an average value of the plurality of calibration channels.
  • the frequency domain calibrated pilot sequence generating unit 401 determines the number of transmit antenna subcarrier packets, and generates a frequency domain pilot sequence; the frequency domain calibrated pilot sequence mapping unit 402 maps the pilot sequence according to the group index set at the time of grouping. On the corresponding subcarrier, the mapped frequency domain calibration signal is sent to the first conversion unit 403. The first conversion unit 403 performs IFFT conversion on the frequency domain signals on each transmit antenna to the time domain, and completes the pilot signal in the time domain.
  • the time domain transmit signal generating unit 404 is sent; the time domain complete calibration pilot signal on each of the transmit antennas is segmented in the time domain transmit signal generating unit 404, and one of the segments is arbitrarily selected and zero period is constructed before and after.
  • the time domain transmits the signal and sends it to the transmitter for transmission.
  • the signals on each of the transmitting antennas are independently transmitted.
  • the time domain transmitting signals transmitted by the one or more transmitting antennas after the superposition are received, and sent to the time domain complete calibration pilot recovery unit 420;
  • the domain complete calibration pilot recovery unit 420 de-zeros the received signal, and uses the regularity of the packet to recover the time domain complete calibration pilot, and sends it to the second conversion unit 421; the second conversion unit 421 completes the recovered time domain complete calibration.
  • the frequency signal is converted into a frequency domain signal and sent to the subcarrier
  • the frequency response estimating unit 422; the subcarrier frequency response estimating unit 422 estimates the frequency response of the corresponding subcarrier position of the one or more calibration channels by using the correlation algorithm, and the estimated frequency response is sent to the channel frequency response synthesizing unit 423; the channel frequency response synthesizing unit 423
  • the frequency response of all subcarrier positions of more than one calibration channel is synthesized according to the estimated frequency response of each group in the buffer, and is sent to the channel frequency response smoothing unit 424; the channel frequency response smoothing unit 424 obtains more than one calibration channel that is obtained multiple times in the buffer.
  • the frequency response of all subcarriers is smoothed, and the frequency response of all subcarriers of the smoothed one or more calibration channels is obtained, and sent to the compensation coefficient determining unit 425; and the compensation coefficient of one or more calibration channels is calculated in the compensation coefficient determining unit 425.
  • a regular time domain calibration pilot signal is constructed by using subcarrier grouping, and the calibration pilot time domain transmission duration is reduced, thereby solving the prior art calibration detection pilot.
  • the signal interferes with the normal communication problem of the communication system, so that the transmission of the antenna calibration pilot signal can avoid the influence of DwPTS and UpPTS, and improve the calibration estimation accuracy without affecting the normal communication.

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Description

天线校准方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及通信领域, 尤其涉及一种天线校准方法和系统。 背景技术
目前, 在正交频分复用-时分双工系统 ( OFDM-TDD , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Time Division Duplex )中, 为降低终端之间 的同频干扰、 增加小区边缘吞吐量和覆盖范围, 在基站(eNodeB ) 中引入 了具有较小阵元间距的多天线波束赋形技术。 为了保证赋形的正确性和可 靠性, 必须对天线阵列进行校准, 减小阵列各通道的幅相误差。
在现有技术中, 正交频分复用 (OFDM, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ) 系统的天线校准技术主要是接收各个发射天线发射的频域导 频序列后, 在接收端联合估计各个发射天线通路的频域响应, 然后补偿各 个反射天线频域响应的差别, 从而实现各个发射天线发射电通道的频域校 准; 此外, 在多个发射通路同时校准时, 可以利用频分或码分的方式降低 通道间干扰。
然而, 天线校准使用的通道和通信系统使用的通道相同, 为了不影响 通信系统的正常工作, 校准检测导频信号应在没有通信数据传输的时刻传 输。 针对时分双工 (TDD, Time Division Duplex ) 的时隙结构, 通常选择 在下行导频时隙 (DwPTS , Downlink Pilot Time Slot ) 和上行导频时隙 ( UpPTS , Uplink Pilot Time Slot )之间的主保护时隙 ( GP , Guard Period ) 传输校准检测导频信号。 但是, DwPTS时隙下行信号的回波会对 GP中的 校准信号进行干扰, 从而影响校准效果。 在现有技术中, 提出通过增加循 环前缀来减小信道拖尾造成的干扰影响, 利用选择循环前缀的长度来减少 下行导频回波对校准导频符号的影响, 循环前缀加的越长, 有效的校准导 频符号越处于空闲时隙的后部, 这样通过合理的选择循环前缀的长度, 可 以使干扰只存在于循环前缀信号中。
上述处理方法只考虑了降低 DwPTS的干扰,但没有考虑到增加循环前 缀的长度会使有效的校准导频信号延长至 UpPTS时隙, 这样不但影响正常 的上行通信, 校准精度也会随之下降。 同时, 当存在提前发送的随机接入 信号时, 还会存在校准导频信号与随机接入信号之间的相互干扰。 发明内容
考虑到现有技术中的校准检测导频信号干扰通信系统正常通讯的问题 而提出本发明, 为此, 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种天线校准方法和系 统, 以解决现有技术中存在的上述问题。
为了实现上述发明目的, 本发明提供了一种天线校准方法。
根据本发明的天线校准方法包括: 发射端对发射天线上的子载波频点 进行分组, 根据分组确定发射天线的频域校准导频信号; 发射端根据频域 校准导频信号获得时域完整校准导频信号, 并利用时域完整校准导频信号 构造时域发射信号发送给接收端; 接收端根据接收到的时域发射信号恢复 为时域完整校准导频信号; 接收端根据恢复的时域完整校准导频信号获得 各个分组的频域响应, 并根据各个分组的频域响应获取校准通道所有子载 波频点的频域响应; 接收端根据所有子载波的频域响应确定校准通道的补 偿系数。
优选地, 发射端对发射天线上的子载波频点进行分组具体包括: 发射 端对一个以上发射天线上的子载波频点进行分组。
优选地, 当发射天线为两个以上时, 在发射端将时域发射信号发送给 接收端之后, 上述方法进一步包括: 接收端将时域发射信号叠加在一个接 收校准通路中接收。 优选地, 发射端对发射天线上的子载波频点进行分组, 具体包括: 确 定子载波频点分组的组个数; 根据子载波频点的频率大小将每个子载波频 点按照从第一组到最后一组的顺序依次分组, 如果子载波频点的个数大于 组个数, 则将剩余的子载波频点重新依次分入第一组到最后一组; 确定每 一组中的子载波频点的个数。
优选地, 组个数整除子载波频点的总个数。
优选地, 组个数为 4或 8。
优选地, 发射端根据分组确定发射天线的频域校准导频信号, 具体包 括: 发射端根据每一组中的子载波频点的个数确定基序列, 并根据基序列 确定发射天线的频域校准导频信号。
优选地, 在进行多通道同时发射校准时, 上述方法还包括: 发射端使 用码分复用的方式确定各校准通道的频域校准导频信号。
优选地, 码分复用的导频序列为 Zadoff_chu基序列。
优选地, 发射端根据频域校准导频信号获得时域完整校准导频信号, 并利用时域完整校准导频信号构造时域发射信号发送给接收端, 具体包括: 发射端将频域校准导频信号映射在分组后的相应子载波频点上, 并将剩余 没有映射的子载波频点的位置填充零值, 得到发射天线的频域信号; 发射 端将发射天线的频域信号转换为发射天线的时域完整校准导频信号; 发射 端根据组个数对发射天线的时域完整校准导频信号进行分段, 并选择其中 任意一段信号作为有效的校准信号; 发射端对有效的校准信号进行前后补 零的操作, 构造发射天线的时域发射信号; 发射端将时域发射信号发送到 接收端。
优选地, 接收端根据接收到的时域发射信号恢复为时域完整校准导频 信号包括: 接收端对时域发射信号进行去零操作, 得到有效的校准信号; 接收端对有效的校准信号进行恢复, 得到时域完整校准导频信号。 优选地, 接收端根据恢复的时域完整校准导频信号获得各个分组的频 域响应包括: 接收端将恢复的时域完整校准导频信号转换为频域信号; 接 优选地, 接收端根据恢复的时域完整校准导频信号获得各个分组的频 域响应, 进一步包括: 接收端叠加恢复的各个分组的时域完整校准导频信 号后进行快速傅里叶变换, 转换为频域信号, 并根据校准通道各分组频域 导频, 估计校准通道各分组对应子载波的频率响应; 或者, 接收端对恢复 的每一分组的时域完整校准导频信号进行快速傅里叶变换, 转换为各分组 的频域信号, 并根据校准通道各分组的频域导频, 估计各分组对应子载波 的频率响应。 点的频域响应包括: 接收端对每一校准通道, 直接合并各个子载波频点组 对应频点的频域响应, 得到所有子载波的频域响应; 或者, 接收端对每一 校准通道, 对各组子载波频点的频率响应, 利用确定的频率响应对没有频 率响应的子载波频点进行插值, 并将对应每一子载波频点的多个频率响应 进行平均, 得到所有子载波的频域响应; 或者, 接收端对每一校准通道, 选择一组子载波频点的频率响应, 利用确定的频率响应对没有频率响应的 子载波频点进行插值, 得到所有子载波的频域响应。 的频域响应之后, 上述方法还包括: 接收端重复执行获得各个分组的频域 响应和所有子载波的频域响应的操作, 得到多个所有子载波的频域响应; 接收端对多个所有子载波的频域响应进行平均操作, 得到多个所有子载波 的频域响应的平均值。
优选地, 接收端根据所有子载波的频域响应确定校准通道的补偿系数 包括: 接收端根据平均值确定校准通道的补偿系数。 优选地, 接收端根据平均值确定校准通道的补偿系数之后, 上述方法 还包括: 接收端根据补偿系数对校准通道进行相应的补偿。
为了实现上述目的, 根据本发明的另一方面, 提供了一种天线校准系 统。
根据本发明发的天线校准系统包括: 发射端和接收端, 其中, 发射端, 用于对发射天线上的子载波频点进行分组, 根据分组确定发射天线的频域 校准导频信号; 并根据频域校准导频信号获得时域完整校准导频信号, 利 用时域完整校准导频信号构造时域发射信号发送给接收端;
接收端, 用于将接收到的时域发射信号恢复为时域完整校准导频信号, 根据时域完整校准导频信号获得各个分组的频域响应, 并根据各个分组的 频域响应获取各校准通道的所有子载波频点的频域响应, 根据各校准通道 所有子载波的频域响应确定各校准通道的补偿系数。
发射端包括: 频域校准导频序列产生单元, 用于对一个以上发射天线 上的子载波频点进行分组, 根据分组确定一个以上发射天线的频域校准导 频信号; 频域校准导频序列映射单元, 用于将频域校准导频信号映射在分 组后的相应子载波频点上, 得到一个以上发射天线的频域信号; 第一转换 单元, 用于将频域信号转换为一个以上发射天线的时域完整校准导频信号; 时域发射信号生成单元, 用于将时域完整校准导频信号进行分段, 选择其 中任意一段信号作为有效的校准信号, 并构造一个以上发射天线的时域发 射信号。
接收端包括: 时域校准导频恢复单元, 用于将时域发射信号恢复为时 域完整校准导频信号; 第二转换单元, 用于将时域完整校准导频信号转换 为频域信号; 子载波频率响应估计单元, 用于根据频域信号确定各个分组 的频域响应; 信道频率响应综合单元, 用于根据各个分组的频域响应确定 一个以上校准通道的所有子载波频点的频域响应; 信道频率响应平滑单元, 用于对多次获得的一个以上校准通道的所有子载波频点的频域响应进行平 均操作, 得到一个以上校准通道的所有子载波的频域响应的平均值; 补偿 系数确定单元, 用于根据多个校准通道的平均值确定一个以上校准通道的 补偿系数。
借助于本发明的技术方案, 通过利用子载波分组的方式构造出规律的 时域校准导频信号, 减少校准导频时域发送时长, 解决了现有技术中校准 检测导频信号干扰通信系统正常通讯的问题, 使得天线校准导频信号的发 射可以避开 DwPTS和 UpPTS的影响, 并且在不影响正常通信的情况下提 高校准估计精度。 附图说明
图 1是根据本发明实施例的天线校准方法的流程图; 行分组的示意图; 图 4是根据本发明实施例的天线校准系统的框图。 具体实施方式 为解决现有技术中存在的校准检测导频信号干扰通信系统正常通讯的 问题, 本发明提供了一种天线校准方法和系统, 在本发明的技术方案中, 对发射天线上的子载波频点进行有规律的分组, 每次估计一组子载波的频 率响应, 然后综合各组的频率响应计算获得各个发射天线的补偿系数, 其 中, 该补偿系数用于对各个发射天线进行相应的补偿。 由于对发射天线的 子载波频点进行了有规律的分组, 发射天线待发射的时域信号也具有一定 的规律性, 因而在实际发射时只需选择对应其中一部分时段的信号发射, 从另一方面说,发射天线在 GP发射的时域信号由三部分组成: 第一部分填 充零值, 用于保护实际的校准信号不受 DwPTS信号的影响; 第二部分是选 择的时域校准信号段; 第三部分依然填充零值, 用于避免与 UpPTS信号以 及提前上发的随机接入信号相互干扰。
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明, 应当理解, 此处所描 述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。
本发明的实施例, 提供了一种天线校准方法, 图 1 是根据本发明实施 例的天线校准方法的流程图, 如图 1所示, 包括如下步骤:
步骤 S102, 发射端对发射天线上的子载波频点进行有规律的分组, 根 据分组确定各个发射天线的频域校准导频信号, 其中, 发射端可以包含一 个或多个的发射天线。
具体地, 如图 2所示, 图 2是根据本发明实施例的发射端对各个发射 天线上的子载波频点进行有规律分组的示意图, 发射端根据图 2对各个发 射天线上的子载波频点进行有规律的分组。 发射端需要首先确定子载波频 点分组的组个数, 其中, 组个数要整除发射天线上的子载波总频点数, 优 选地, 组个数可以为 4或 8。 随后, 发射端根据子载波频点的频率大小将每 个子载波频点按照从第一组到最后一组的顺序依次分组, 如果子载波频点 的个数大于组个数, 则将剩余的子载波频点重新依次分入第一组到最后一 组。 如图 2所示, 假设子载波频点的总个数为 N个, 组个数为 M个, 则 将子载波频点 Λ分配到第一组, 将 /2分配到第二组, 将 /3分配到第三组, 依 次类推, 将/ «分配到第 M组; 从/ M+1开始, 重新从第一组开始分配, 即, 将/ M+1分配到第一组, 将/ M+2分配到第二组, 将/ M+3分配到第三组, 将 分 配到第 M组; 最后, 发射端还需要确定每一组中的子载波频点的个数, 每 组子载波频点的个数为 N除以 M个。 具体为: 发射端根据每一子载波频点组中的子载波频点的个数确定基序列, 即, 基序列的长度与每一组中的子载波频点的个数相等; 并根据基序列确 定各个发射天线的频域校准导频信号。
此外, 当发射校准是多通道同时校准时, 产生各发射天线频域导频信 号的方式优选但不限于码分复用的方式, 其中, 码分复用的基序列优选为
Zadoff_chu基序列。
在步骤 S102之后, 对于一个或多个发射天线中的各子载波频点组, 从 第一组子载波频点开始, 对每一组子载波频点执行下述步骤 S104~步骤 S106。
步骤 S104,发射端根据频域校准导频信号获得时域完整校准导频信号, 并利用时域完整校准导频信号构造时域发射信号发送给接收端。
具体地, 步骤 S104包括以下处理:
1、 从第一组子载波频点组开始, 发射端将各个发射天线的频域校准导 频信号映射在分组后子载波频点组中的相应子载波频点上, 并将剩余没有 映射的子载波频点的位置填充零值, 得到各个发射天线的频域信号;
2、 发射端对各个发射天线的频域信号进行快速傅里叶反变换(IFFT, Inverse Fast Fourier Transform ), 得到各个发射天线的时域完整校准导频信 号;
3、 发射端根据组个数对各个发射天线的时域完整校准导频信号进行分 段, 例如, 如果组个数为 M, 则将各个发射天线的时域完整校准导频信号 分为 M段, 并选择其中任意一段信号作为有效的校准信号;
4、 发射端对有效的校准信号进行前后补零的操作, 构成各个发射天线 的时域发射信号; 其中, 前后补零可以避免 DwPTS干扰和避免与 UpPTS 及提前上发随机接入信号沖突, 补零的长度可以通过改变子载波分组数进 行调节;
5、 发射端将时域发射信号发送到接收端。 步骤 S106, 接收端在接收校准通路中接收时域发射信号, 并根据接收 到的时域发射信号恢复时域完整校准导频信号。
优选地, 在发射天线为至少两个的情况下, 接收端将时域发射信号叠 加在一个接收校准通路中接收; 之后, 接收端根据接收到的时域发射信号 恢复时域完整校准导频信号, 并根据恢复的时域完整校准导频信号获得各 个分组的频域响应。 具体地, 发射端将时域发射信号发送到接收端之后, 接收端对时域发射信号进行去零操作, 得到有效的校准信号; 然后根据时 域完整校准导频信号的规律性利用有效的校准信号进行恢复, 得到各个发 射天线的时域完整校准导频信号。
步骤 S108, 重复执行步骤 S104到步骤 S106, 且在得到各个发射天线 各个分组的时域完整校准导频信号后, 转换为各个发射天线各个分组对应 子载波的频域信号, 并利用相关算法根据各发射天线频域导频估计各发射 天线各分组对应子载波的频率响应。
在步骤 S108中, 估计各发射天线各分组对应子载波的频率响应包括但 不局限于以下两种估计方式:
1、 对每一接收天线, 叠加各个分组的时域完整校准导频信号后进行快 速傅里叶变换( FFT , Fast Fourier Transform ) , 转换为该接收天线的频域信 号, 然后利用相关算法根据校准通道各分组的频域导频估计各分组对应子 载波的频率响应;
2、 对每一接收天线的每一分组的时域完整校准导频信号进行 FFT, 转 换为该接收天线该分组的频域信号, 然后利用相关算法根据各分组的频域 导频估计各分组对应子载波的频率响应。 载波频点的频域响应。 在步骤 S110中, 综合各子载波组估计的频率响应得到各校准通道所有 子载波的频率响应包括但不局限于以下三种综合方式:
1、 对每一校准通道, 直接合并各子载波组对应频点的估计频率响应得 到其所有子载波的频率响应;
2、 对每一校准通道, 对各组子载波估计的频率响应, 利用估计的频率 响应对没有频率响应的子载波频点进行插值, 然后将对应每一子载波的多 个频率响应进行平均;
3、 对每一校准通道, 选择一组子载波估计的频率响应, 利用估计的频 率响应对没有频率响应的子载波频点进行插值, 得到所有子载波的频率响 应。
在步骤 S110之后,还需要对各校准通道子载波频率响应进行估计平滑, 具体地, 发射端和接收端需要重复执行获得各个分组的频域响应和所有子 载波的频域响应的操作, 得到每个子载波的多个频域响应; 接收端对每个 子载波的多个频域响应进行平均操作, 得到每个子载波的平均频域响应值。 也就是说, 重复 N次步骤 S104到 S108, 对各校准通道每个子载波可获得 N个估计的频率响应, 对 N个估计值取平均得到平滑后的各校准通道所有 子载波频率响应。
步骤 S112, 接收端根据所有子载波的频域响应确定各个校准通道的补 偿系数, 其中, 该补偿系数用于对各个校准通道进行相应的补偿。 优选地, 在对各校准通道子载波频率响应进行估计平滑的情况下, 接收端可以根据 平均值确定各个校准通道的补偿系数。
下面结合实例, 对本发明的上述技术方案进行详细说明。
在相关技术中, 多天线校准分为接收校准和发射校准。 其中, 发射校 准又可分为多天线轮发发射校准、 多天线同时发射校准和多天线分组轮发 发射校准三种。 接收校准是指发射端用一根天线发送校准导频信号, 接收 端由多根天线同时接收, 每根接收天线对应一个接收校准通路获得该接收 天线的频域响应, 从而确定其补偿系数。 多天线轮发的发射校准是指发射 端多根发射天线轮流发射校准导频信号, 每一时间只有一根天线发射校准 导频信号, 接收端由一根接收天线接收; 多天线同时校准的发射校准是指 发射端多根发射天线同时发送校准导频信号, 接收端由一根接收天线接收 来自多个发射天线的叠加信号; 而多天线分组轮发的发射校准是指发射端 多根发射天线分为多个组, 每组包含一根以上发射天线, 多个组轮流发射 校准导频信号, 每一时间只有一组中的多根天线同时发射校准导频信号, 接收端由一根接收天线接收来自一组的多个发射天线的叠加信号。
由上可知, 对于多天线分组轮发和多天线轮发的发射校准中的每一时 间的发射天线来讲, 相当于多天线同时校准的发射校准中发射天线总数减 少或为 1 ,因此多天线轮发和多天线分组轮发的发射校准都可以看作是多天 线同时校准的发射校准的特例。 另外, 接收校准相对于多天线轮发的发射 校准来说,相当于多天线同时校准的发射校准中发射天线总数为 1 ,接收天 线为多个。
下面结合图 3 以多天线同时发射校准为例对技术方案的实施予以详细 描述:
1、 发射端产生各发射天线频域校准导频信号。
步骤 S301 , 假设发射天线上的子载波频点总数为 N , 将 。平均分为 M组, 每组子载波频点数为 N^ , 分配方式如图 2所示。
步骤 S302 , 产生长为 的 Zadoff_chu基序列, 各发射天线频域校准 导频信号可通过对基序列的不同相移 得到。 假设产生的 Zadoff_chu基序 列为 , 各发射天线频域校准导频信号 rw («)则可表示为:
r(l) (n) = eMn r(n) , 0 < n < Ncr 其中, 各通道相移参数 α,=2τ— 对应各发射天线的索引号, Nant
N ant
控制各发射天线导频序列的相位差, Na i需大于同时校准的发射天线数且满 足 ^觸 dNa i=0。
2、 发射端按分组顺序对每一组频域校准导频信号执行以下步骤: 步骤 S303、 发射端频域校准导频信号映射。
将各发射天线频域校准导频信号 rw(«)根据如图 2所示的子载波分配示 意图映射在相应子载波上, 其余子载波位置填充零值, 得到各发射天线频 域信号, 第 i根发射天线第 M组频域信号为 X I 。 步骤 S304、 发射端时域完整校准导频信号分段。
对各发射天线频域信号 X,m(fc)进行 IFFT 变换得到其对应的时域完整 校准导频信号 , m(«)。 然后根据分组数对时域完整校准导频信号进行分段, 并选择任意一段信号作为发送的有效校准信号。 则第 根发射天线上要发送 的有效校准信号序列 _y, m(«)为: yt_m (") = m (n + (q-l)xNcr/M), n = l,2K ,Ncrf M , 其中, 表示选择 的分段索引号。
步骤 S305、 发射端生成时域发射信号并发送。
对选择时域段的有效校准信号序列 _y,m(«)前后补零构成各发射天线时 域发射信号 m(«)并发送。 m(«)可表示为: 0 n≤N DW
si m(n = yi_m (n-N i DW ) ' N iy DW <、nu< ~N iy cr /' + N iy DW
0 N i cr / 1 ^-~-N i DW <、n丄1<—N i GP
其中, Nnw表示用于避免 DwPTS干扰时段的采样点数, N p表示整个
GP的采样点数 ε 通过改变子载波分组数 M 可以改变用于避免 DwPTS 干扰和避免与 UpPTS及提前上发随机接入信号沖突时段的长度。
步骤 S306、 接收端根据接收的时域信号恢复时域完整校准导频信号。 对接收到的时域信号 去零, 得到接收到的有效时域段校准信号 y' n)'- yJ' n) = sm' (n)(n + NDW), n = l,2K,Ncr/M
然后根据时域完整校准导频信号的规律性恢复完整的时域校准信号 x' n)„ 以^ =4, =1为例, 对于第一组导频信号:
Figure imgf000015_0001
对于第二组导频信号:
Figure imgf000015_0002
对于第三组导频信号: 4
Figure imgf000015_0003
对于第四组导频信号:
n≤NcrI
Hym' (n-Ncr/ )]- RQ[ym' (n-Ncr/ )] Ncr/ <n≤Ncr/2 -RQ[ym' (n-Ncr/2)]- lm[ym' (n-N 2)] N /2<n≤3xN /4
-Im[):(«-3xNcr/4)] + jRe[3:(«-3xNcr/4)] 3xNcr/4<n≤N 以上各式中 j = ^ L
3、 获得各发射校准通道各分组的频率响应。
步骤 S307、 接收端估计各发射校准通道(即各发射天线到校准接收天 线间通道 )各分组的频率响应。
对于第一种估计方法,叠加各个分组的时域完整校准导频信号后做 FFT 变换得到 X'ik , 根据各发射校准通道频域导频信号利用时域相关算法估计 各发射校准通道各分组对应子载波的频率响应 H' JkJ:
H (k ) = r X D , , k =m,m + M,m + 2xM,L m + (N -1)χ
l-mm r(l)(lkm/M]) m ' cr
对于第二种估计方法, 对每一组恢复的完整时域校准信号 )做 FFT 变换得到 XJ' k) , 根据各发射校准通道频域导频信号利用时域相关算法估计 各发射校准通道各分组对应子载波的频率响应 H' JkJ:
H -1)χ
Figure imgf000016_0001
优选地, 为了进一步提高信道估计的准确性, 子载波的频率响应 还可以进一步经过时域降噪后处理得到。
4、 获得各发射校准通道所有子载波的频率响应。
步骤 S308, 接收端综合由各子载波组估计的频率响应得到各发射校准 通道所有子载波的频率响应 H人 k。 对于第一种综合方法, 直接合并法:
H.(fc) = H.m(fc), k odM =m, k=l,2...,Nca
对于第二种综合法,首先对每一组用已有子载波的频率响应 H, m(fcm)进 行插值, 得到该组所有子载波上的频率响应 H, m(fc), k = l,2...,Nca; 然后组 间平均得到各发射校准通道所有子载波的频率响应 Ht(k :
Figure imgf000017_0001
对于第三种综合法, 任意选择一组子载波的频率响应 H, m(fcm)进行插 值, 得到该组所有子载波上的频率响应 H, m(fc) , k = l,2...,Nca , 然后将其作 为各发射校准通道所有子载波的频率响应 i k)。
5、 各发射校准通道子载波频率响应估计平滑。
步骤 S309, 对各发射校准通道所有子载波获得 N个估计的频率响应, 对 N个估计值取平均得到平滑后的各发射校准通道所有子载波频率响应
H mean—人 k、
6、 计算各发射校准通道补偿系数。
步骤 S310,根据平滑后的频率响应计算各个发射校准通道的补偿系数。 根据补偿系数对各个发射校准通道进行相应补偿, 以使各个发射通道的频 率响应一致。 求各个发射校准通道的最大功率的平均值,
P = l ax( H η ι (k) 2) , 则每条通道上的补偿系数为:
K !=1 k - c k) = - sqrt p)
Figure imgf000017_0002
用相应的补偿系数对发射的数据进行补偿, 实现天线发射校准功能。 另外, 对于多天线轮发的发射校准, 发射端每一个发射天线轮流执行 步骤 305发送校准信号, 接收端在相应时刻重复执行步骤 306和步骤 307, 估计各发射校准通道(即各发射天线到校准接收天线之间的通道)各分组 的频率响应。
对于多天线分组轮发的发射校准, 发射端每一组发射天线轮流执行步 骤 305发送校准信号,接收端在相应时刻重复执行步骤 306和步骤 307,估 计各组发射校准通道(即各组发射天线到校准接收天线之间的通道)各分 组的频率响应。 对于接收校准,接收端各接收天线并行执行步骤 306和步骤 307,估计 各对应接收校准通道(即校准天线到各接收天线之间的通道)各分组的频 率响应。
本发明还提供了一种天线校准系统, 如图 4所示, 图 4是根据本发明 实施例的天线校准系统的框图, 根据本发明实施例的天线校准系统包括: 发射端 40, 如发送机; 和接收端 42, 如接收机。 其中, 发射端 40包括: 频域校准导频序列产生单元 401、 频域校准导频序列映射单元 402、 第一转 换单元 403、 时域发射信号生成单元 404; 接收端 42包括: 时域完整校准 导频恢复单元 420、 第二转换单元 421、 子载波频率响应估计单元 422、 信 道频率响应综合单元 423、 信道频率响应平滑单元 424、 补偿系数确定单元 425。 下面结合图 4对上述各个单元进行详细说明。
频域校准导频序列产生单元 401 , 连接到频域校准导频序列映射单元 402, 用于对一个以上即至少一个发射天线上的子载波频点进行分组, 根据 分组确定一个以上发射天线的频域校准导频信号。
频域校准导频序列映射单元 402, 连接到第一转换单元 403 , 用于将频 域校准导频信号映射在分组后的相应子载波频点上, 得到一个以上发射天 线的频域信号。
第一转换单元 403 , 连接至时域发射信号生成单元 404, 用于将频域信 号通过 IFFT转换为一个以上发射天线的时域完整校准导频信号。
时域发射信号生成单元 404, 用于将时域完整校准导频信号进行分段, 选择其中任意一段信号作为有效的校准信号, 并构造一个以上发射天线的 时域发射信号。
时域完整校准导频恢复单元 420,用于将时域发射信号恢复为时域完整 校准导频信号。 第二转换单元 421 ,用于将时域完整校准导频信号转换为频域校准导频 信号。
子载波频率响应估计单元 422,用于根据频域校准导频信号确定各个分 组的频 i或响应。
信道频率响应综合单元 423,用于根据各个分组的频域响应确定一个以 上校准通道的所有子载波频点的频域响应。
信道频率响应平滑单元 424,用于对多次获得的一个以上校准通道的所 有子载波频点的频域响应进行平均操作, 得到一个以上校准通道的所有子 载波的频域响应的平均值。
补偿系数确定单元 425 ,用于根据多个校准通道的平均值确定一个以上 校准通道的补偿系数。
下面, 对天线校准系统进行天线校准时的处理流程进行详细说明。 首先, 由频域校准导频序列产生单元 401决定发射天线子载波分组数, 并产生频域导频序列; 频域校准导频序列映射单元 402根据分组时设置的 组索引将导频序列映射在相应子载波上, 映射后的频域校准信号, 送入第 一转换单元 403; 第一转换单元 403将各发射天线上的频域信号进行 IFFT 变换到时域, 时域完整校准导频信号, 送入时域发射信号生成单元 404; 在 时域发射信号生成单元 404 中对每一根发射天线上的时域完整校准导频信 号进行分段, 任意选择其中一段并在前后填零构造 GP 时长的时域发射信 号, 送入发射机进行发送。
在发射机中, 每一根发射天线上的信号独立发送, 在接收机中, 接收 叠加以后的一个以上发射天线发射的时域发射信号, 送入时域完整校准导 频恢复单元 420; 在时域完整校准导频恢复单元 420将接收到的信号去零, 并利用分组的规律恢复时域完整校准导频, 送入第二转换单元 421 ; 第二转 换单元 421 将恢复的时域完整校准导频信号变换为频域信号, 送入子载波 频率响应估计单元 422;在子载波频率响应估计单元 422利用相关算法估计 一个以上校准通道对应子载波位置的频率响应, 估计的频率响应, 送入信 道频率响应综合单元 423;信道频率响应综合单元 423根据緩存中各组估计 的频率响应综合出一个以上校准通道所有子载波位置的频率响应, 送入信 道频率响应平滑单元 424;信道频率响应平滑单元 424在对緩存中多次获得 的一个以上校准通道所有子载波的频率响应进行平滑, 得到平滑后的一个 以上校准通道所有子载波的频率响应, 送入补偿系数确定单元 425; 在补偿 系数确定单元 425中计算一个以上校准通道的补偿系数。
综上所述, 借助于本发明的技术方案, 通过利用子载波分组的方式构 造出规律的时域校准导频信号, 减少校准导频时域发送时长, 解决了现有 技术中校准检测导频信号干扰通信系统正常通讯的问题, 使得天线校准导 频信号的发射可以避开 DwPTS和 UpPTS的影响, 并且在不影响正常通信 的情况下提高校准估计精度。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于 本领域的技术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精 神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明 的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种天线校准方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
发射端对发射天线上的子载波频点进行分组, 根据所述分组确定所述 发射天线的频域校准导频信号;
发射端根据所述频域校准导频信号获得时域完整校准导频信号, 并利 用所述时域完整校准导频信号构造时域发射信号发送给接收端;
所述接收端将接收到的所述时域发射信号恢复为所述时域完整校准导 频信号;
所述接收端根据所述时域完整校准导频信号获得各个分组的频域响 域响应;
所述接收端根据所述所有子载波的频域响应确定所述校准通道的补偿 系数。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述发射端对发射天线 上的子载波频点进行分组具体包括:
所述发射端对一个以上发射天线上的子载波频点进行分组。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当所述发射天线为两个 以上时, 在发射端将所述时域发射信号发送给接收端之后, 所述方法进一 步包括:
所述接收端将所述时域发射信号叠加在一个接收校准通路中接收。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述发射端对所述发射 天线上的子载波频点进行分组, 具体包括:
确定子载波频点分组的组个数; 根据所述子载波频点的频率大小将每个子载波频点按照从第一组到最 后一组的顺序依次分组, 如果所述子载波频点的个数大于所述组个数, 则 将剩余的子载波频点重新依次分入第一组到最后一组;
确定每一组中的所述子载波频点的个数。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述组个数整除所述子 载波频点的总个数。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述组个数为 4或 8。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述发射端根据所述分 组确定所述发射天线的频域校准导频信号, 具体包括:
所述发射端根据每一组中的所述子载波频点的个数确定基序列, 并根 据所述基序列确定所述发射天线的频域校准导频信号。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在进行多通道同时发射 校准时, 所述方法还包括:
所述发射端使用码分复用的方式确定各校准通道的频域校准导频信 号。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述码分复用的导频序 列为 Zadoff_chu基序列。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述发射端根据所述 频域校准导频信号获得时域完整校准导频信号, 并利用所述时域完整校准 导频信号构造时域发射信号发送给接收端, 具体包括:
所述发射端将所述频域校准导频信号映射在分组后的相应子载波频点 上, 并将剩余没有映射的子载波频点的位置填充零值, 得到所述发射天线 的频域信号;
所述发射端将所述发射天线的频域信号转换为发射天线的时域完整校 准导频信号; 所述发射端根据所述组个数对所述发射天线的时域完整校准导频信号 进行分段, 并选择其中任意一段信号作为有效的校准信号;
所述发射端对所述有效的校准信号进行前后补零的操作, 构造所述发 射天线的时域发射信号;
所述发射端将所述时域发射信号发送到所述接收端。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述接收端根据接收 到的所述时域发射信号恢复为所述时域完整校准导频信号包括:
所述接收端对所述时域发射信号进行去零操作, 得到所述有效的校准 信号;
所述接收端对所述有效的校准信号进行恢复, 得到时域完整校准导频 信号。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述接收端根据恢复 的时域完整校准导频信号获得各个分组的频域响应包括:
所述接收端将所述恢复的时域完整校准导频信号转换为频域信号; 频域响应。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述接收端根据恢复 的时域完整校准导频信号获得各个分组的频域响应, 进一步包括:
所述接收端对每一接收天线, 叠加各个分组的时域完整校准导频信号 后进行快速傅里叶变换, 转换为所述接收天线的频域信号, 并根据校准通 道各分组的频域导频, 估计校准通道各分组对应子载波的频率响应;
或者, 所述接收端对每一接收天线的每一分组的时域完整校准导频信 号进行快速傅里叶变换, 转换为所述接收天线各分组的频域信号, 并根据 所述各分组的频域导频, 估计各分组对应子载波的频率响应。
14、 根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述接收端根据所述 各个分组的频域响应获取所有子载波频点的频域响应包括:
所述接收端对每一校准通道, 直接合并各个子载波频点组对应频点的 频域响应, 得到所述所有子载波的频域响应; 或者,
所述接收端对每一校准通道, 对各组子载波频点的频率响应, 利用确 定的频率响应对没有频率响应的子载波频点进行插值, 并将对应每一子载 波频点的多个频率响应进行平均, 得到所述所有子载波的频域响应; 或者, 所述接收端对每一校准通道, 选择一组子载波频点的频率响应, 利用 确定的频率响应对没有频率响应的子载波频点进行插值, 得到所述所有子 载波的频 i或响应。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在所述接收端根据所 述各个分组的频域响应获取所有子载波的频域响应之后, 所述方法还包括: 所述接收端重复执行获所述各个分组的频域响应和所述所有子载波的 频域响应的操作, 得到多个所有子载波的频域响应;
所述接收端对所述多个所有子载波的频域响应进行平均操作, 得到所 述多个所有子载波的频域响应的平均值。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的方法其特征在于, 所述接收端根据所述所 有子载波的频域响应确定所述校准通道的补偿系数包括:
所述接收端根据所述平均值确定所述校准通道的补偿系数。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述接收端根据所述 平均值确定所述校准通道的补偿系数之后, 所述方法还包括:
所述接收端根据所述补偿系数对所述校准通道进行相应的补偿。
18、 一种天线校准系统, 其特征在于, 包括发射端和接收端, 其中, 所述发射端, 用于对发射天线上的子载波频点进行分组, 根据所述分 组确定所述发射天线的频域校准导频信号; 并根据所述频域校准导频信号 获得时域完整校准导频信号, 利用所述时域完整校准导频信号构造时域发 射信号发送给所述接收端;
所述接收端, 用于将接收到的所述时域发射信号恢复为所述时域完整 校准导频信号, 根据所述时域完整校准导频信号获得各个分组的频域响应, 域响应, 根据所述所有子载波的频域响应确定所述校准通道的补偿系数。
19、 根据权利要求 18所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述发射端包括: 频域校准导频序列产生单元, 用于对一个以上发射天线上的子载波频 点进行分组, 根据所述分组确定所述一个以上发射天线的频域校准导频信 号;
频域校准导频序列映射单元, 用于将所述频域校准导频信号映射在分 组后的相应子载波频点上, 得到所述一个以上发射天线的频域信号;
第一转换单元, 用于将所述频域信号转换为所述一个以上发射天线的 时域完整校准导频信号;
时域发射信号生成单元, 用于将所述时域完整校准导频信号进行分段, 选择其中任意一段信号作为有效的校准信号, 并构造所述一个以上发射天 线的时域发射信号。
20、 根据权利要求 18或 19所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述接收端包 括:
时域校准导频恢复单元, 用于将所述时域发射信号恢复为所述时域完 整校准导频信号;
第二转换单元, 用于将所述时域完整校准导频信号转换为所述频域信 号;
子载波频率响应估计单元, 用于根据所述频域信号确定各个分组的频 域响应; 信道频率响应综合单元, 用于根据所述各个分组的频域响应确定所述 一个以上校准通道的所有子载波频点的频域响应;
信道频率响应平滑单元, 用于对多次获得的所述一个以上校准通道的 所有子载波频点的频域响应进行平均操作, 得到一个以上校准通道的所有 子载波的频域响应的平均值;
补偿系数确定单元, 用于根据多个校准通道的平均值确定所述一个以 上校准通道的补偿系数。
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