WO2010115319A1 - 一种污水处理工艺及系统 - Google Patents
一种污水处理工艺及系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010115319A1 WO2010115319A1 PCT/CN2009/071982 CN2009071982W WO2010115319A1 WO 2010115319 A1 WO2010115319 A1 WO 2010115319A1 CN 2009071982 W CN2009071982 W CN 2009071982W WO 2010115319 A1 WO2010115319 A1 WO 2010115319A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1215—Combinations of activated sludge treatment with precipitation, flocculation, coagulation and separation of phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
- C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/308—Biological phosphorus removal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/42—Liquid level
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/44—Time
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1263—Sequencing batch reactors [SBR]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/902—Materials removed
- Y10S210/906—Phosphorus containing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sewage treatment process and system, and is particularly suitable for treating urban sewage, and belongs to the technical field of water treatment. Background technique
- Eut rophicat ion has become an increasingly serious global environmental problem, mainly caused by excessive emissions of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the environment.
- countries around the world are constantly raising their wastewater discharge standards.
- the A standard of the first-level standard of China's current national standard "Emission Standards for Pollutants in Urban Sewage Treatment Plants" (GB 18918-2002) stipulates that ammonia nitrogen should not exceed 5 mg/L (mg/L) (it should not exceed 8 mg/L at low temperature) 5mg/L ⁇ Total nitrogen (TN) should not exceed 15mg / L, total phosphorus (TP) should not exceed 0. 5mg / L.
- Biolog ica l Nut r ient Remova l (BNR) technology is the main technology in the field of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in urban sewage.
- the principle of traditional biological nitrogen removal can be described as follows: (1) First, the organic nitrogen and protein nitrogen in the sewage are converted into ammonia nitrogen by ammoniated bacteria, and then converted to nitrate nitrogen by nitrifying bacteria under aerobic conditions. It is called aerobic nitrification. (2) Subsequently, under anoxic conditions, energy is supplied from a carbon source, and nitrate nitrogen is reduced by denitrifying bacteria. It is made into nitrogen and escapes from water. This stage is called anoxic denitrification. Nitrification and denitrification are two separate processes involving two different types of microorganisms. Due to different environmental conditions, they generally cannot occur simultaneously, but can only be performed spatially or temporally.
- nitrifying bacteria require an aerobic environment and the growth rate is slow.
- the sludge age (or biosolids residence time, SRT) is generally not lower than 30 days (days).
- SRT biosolids residence time
- the growth of denitrifying bacteria is mainly carried out under anoxic conditions, and there must be sufficient carbon source to provide energy.
- B0D 5 (5-day biochemical oxygen demand)
- TKN total Kjeldahl nitrogen
- Anaerobic section Facultative bacteria convert fermented organic matter into low-molecular fermentation products by fermentation, namely volatile organic acids (Volat i Fatty ty Ac ids, VFAs). ), Phosphate Accumula t ing Organi sms (PAOs) absorbs these fermentation products or VFAs from raw sewage and transports them into cells, which are assimilated into intracellular carbon energy storage (PHB/PHV).
- Phosphate Accumula t ing Organi sms Phosphate Accumula t ing Organi sms (PAOs) absorbs these fermentation products or VFAs from raw sewage and transports them into cells, which are assimilated into intracellular carbon energy storage (PHB/PHV).
- Phosphate Accumula t ing Organi sms Phosphate Accumula t ing Organi sms
- Aerobic section Under aerobic conditions, polyphosphate bacteria obtain energy by oxidative metabolism of PHB/PHV for phosphorus absorption, synthesize polyphosphate and store it inside the cell, and synthesize new plaque cells to produce Phosphate-rich sludge. The energy produced by the oxidation process is stored in the form of a high energy bond ATP. (3) In addition to the monument: Phosphorus-rich sludge produced by the aerobic process is discharged, and phosphorus is finally removed from the water treatment system.
- the essence of the traditional biological de-story process is to use the anaerobic release of aerobics to solve the problem of aerobic over-absorption, and to eliminate the excess sludge is the only way to remove phosphorus, so the shorter the sludge age, the more the effect of the monument Well, the ideal sludge age is 3. 5-7d, and the amount of aerobic absorption is subject to anaerobic release, while the anaerobic release requires a more rigorous anaerobic environment, DO (dissolved oxygen). It should be strictly controlled below 0.2 mg/L, and on the other hand, it is closely related to the concentration of VFAs.
- the treatment process selected should have both nitrogen and phosphorus removal functions.
- the biological treatment process with simultaneous denitrification and de-sanding function must create anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic cycles for different types of microorganisms in a certain order.
- the environment in which such anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic cycles alternate in a certain order can be spatially segmented or segmented in time series.
- the sewage treatment system for the treatment of urban sewage has the effect of biological nitrogen removal and monument removal.
- the process can be divided into two categories according to this: a continuous flow activated sludge process divided by space and a batch activated sludge process (or sequencing batch activated sludge process).
- the former is represented by the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic-aerobic (ie AA-0 or A70) process (the process principle is shown in Figure la), and also includes various improved A70 processes developed on the basis of the A70 process, such as A-A70 process, inverted A70 process, modified Bardenpho process, UCT process, MUCT process, VIP process, etc.
- the latter is represented by the Sequencing Batch Activated Sludge (SBR) (the process principle is shown in Figure 2), and also includes various improved SBR processes developed on the basis of the traditional SBR process, such as ICEAS process, DAT-ITT process, CAST process, CASS process, Uni tank process, MSBR process, etc.
- SBR Sequencing Batch Activated Sludge
- the spatially separated continuous flow activated sludge process is a multi-cell biological treatment system.
- the combined work of the sludge return system and the mixed liquid reflux system allows the activated sludge to undergo anaerobic, anoxic, aerobic or anaerobic in the space. Oxygen, aerobic, and anoxic environments to simultaneously exert and enhance the role of biological nitrogen removal and biological de-listing.
- the traditional sequencing batch activated sludge process is a single-cell biological treatment system, a sludge-free reflux system and a mixed liquid reflux system.
- the biochemical reaction and the mud-water sedimentation separation are carried out in the same reactor, and the sewage enters the reactor in batches according to "
- the influent-reaction-precipitation-discharge-discharge-disposal-discharge mode is used to carry out sewage treatment in batch mode, and the anaerobic, aerobic and anoxic environments are sequentially formed in the reactor.
- the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process of sewage especially the multi-cell biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal system, often has the effect of denitrification and dephosphorization in the actual application process, and the best effect is obtained when the denitrification effect is good. , and the denitrification effect is not good when the effect of the monument is good.
- the main reason is that the biological nitrogen removal and biological delisting processes contradict each other or compete with each other in the following aspects: (1) Biological denitrification includes aerobic nitrification, anoxic denitrification, anaerobic release and aerobic attraction. The process, the types of microorganisms that complete different processes are different, and the requirements for matrix types and environmental conditions are also different.
- N0 3 can induce the lack of oxygen to absorb the monument, and inhibit the smooth process of anaerobic release. In turn, it affects the biological phosphorus removal effect.
- the operating cost of the bio-removal method is usually low, the experience of the production and operation of a large number of bio-removal systems at home and abroad shows that it is difficult to maintain a TP concentration below 1 mg/L.
- the chemical dephosphorization tank is added in the direction of water flow, that is, the main process, forming a biochemical combination de-listing system, which is discharged as phosphorus. Guarantee means.
- the main process chemical delisting has outstanding problems such as large amount of treated water, large dosage of chemicals, high cost of chemicals, low utilization rate of fertilizers, large yield of sediment sludge, low phosphorus content, difficulty in disposal, and difficulty in recycling phosphorus resources. It is difficult to implement it in the actual sewage treatment process.
- the Phosrip lateral flow removal process was introduced (the process principle is shown in Figure lb).
- the process is based on the Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS).
- An anaerobic phosphorus release tank is added in the direction of the return sludge, that is, the side process is added, and the phosphorus released in the phosphorus release tank flows to the phosphorus chemical reaction sedimentation tank with the supernatant liquid, and the solid flocculation/sedimentation tank of the phosphorus-rich supernatant is subjected to solid-liquid separation.
- the final monument is removed from the system in the form of a chemical deposit. 10%-30% of the original sewage flow is diverted to the anaerobic release tank.
- the average residence time of the sludge in the Jiebei pond is 5 ⁇ 20h (hours), usually 8 ⁇ 12h.
- Phostrip sidestream dephosphorization process can make the final effluent TP concentration of the main sewage treatment process less than 1mg/L, and is not affected by the concentration of influent organic matter, and chemical pesticides are compared with chemical dephosphorization in the main process.
- the dosage is significantly less and the cost of the medicament is reduced.
- the process does not have the function of denitrification, and the phosphorus-rich supernatant in the anaerobic release tank can only be ascended through the flushing water such as the primary sedimentation tank effluent, the secondary sedimentation tank effluent or the lime sedimentation reactor supernatant. Liquid being scoured The proportion is relatively limited, and there is still a considerable amount of suspended solids in the supernatant. The production of chemical sludge is still large, and the process requires a high level of technical skill for the operators, so the application is very limited.
- the Kluyver Biotechnology Laboratory at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands has developed a modified UCT (University of Cape Town) process in recent years, namely the BCFS (biologisch chemisch fosfaat stikstof verwijdering) process (the process principle is shown in Figure lc).
- the BCFS process adds a reactor between the anaerobic and anoxic pools of the main process of the UCT process and between the anoxic and aerobic tanks, namely the contact and mixing tanks, and the traditional biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal process. Changed to 5 steps and changed 2 cycles to 4, that is, the main process of the process consists of 5 reactors and 3 groups of internal circulation systems.
- the side process consists of 1 set of sludge circulation system and 1 phosphorus-rich system.
- the clear liquid (from the end of the anaerobic tank, the flow rate is about one tenth of the total amount of the original sewage) is composed of a chemical precipitation unit.
- the contact pool is equivalent to the second selector, which can effectively prevent the expansion of the filamentous bacteria caused by the anaerobic hydrolysis product, and the N0 3 -N carried in the return sludge can be denitrified and dephosphorized in the contact pool; the mixing pool is controlled at a low level. Operating at DO ( ⁇ 0.5mg/L), good simultaneous nitrification and denitrification can be obtained.
- the BCFS process combines biological aerobic attraction, oxygen-deficient suction and offline chemical precipitation of phosphorus-rich supernatant to make the system have a good effect of removing the monument.
- the total phosphorus in the effluent is 0.2mg/L.
- the BCFS process is extremely complicated, the system infrastructure investment and operation cost is high, the floor space is large, and the operation management is complicated.
- the route of the monument is still based on the exclusion of phosphorus-rich excess sludge, and the online phosphorus separation and off-line of anaerobic phosphorus-rich sewage. Phosphorus precipitation is only an auxiliary means. How to deal with a large amount of excess sludge and how to recover phosphorus resources in sewage is still not well solved, so it is also very limited in practical sewage treatment projects.
- Chongqing University proposed a new process of biological denitration and denitrification by ERP-SBR (External recycle process of aerobic sludge in SBR system).
- ERP-SBR Extra recycle process of aerobic sludge in SBR system.
- the process principle is shown in Figure 3).
- the ERP-SBR system adds an enhanced anaerobic quarantine tank (ie, anaerobic reactor) and a chemical delisting tank in addition to the traditional SBR reactor, and realizes on-line separation of the phosphorus-rich supernatant from the anaerobic tank end of the main process with the BCFS process.
- the difference is that after the SBR system sediments and drains, part of the aerobic suction sludge is discharged together with some raw sewage to the anaerobic release tank.
- the sludge after anaerobic release is settled by static sedimentation to realize the separation of mud water and recirculation. Go to the SBR reactor and re-engage in the aerobic monument absorption process.
- the phosphorus-rich supernatant enters the chemical de-energy pool.
- the phosphorus-rich precipitate is formed by the addition of a chemical phosphorus removal agent, and the precipitated supernatant is then refluxed into the SBR reactor to further remove ammonia, phosphorus, organic matter and the like from the sewage.
- the ERP-SBR process is much larger than the BCFS in the process, and the way of eliminating the aerobic phosphorus-rich sludge in the main process is replaced by the way of eliminating the anaerobic and phosphorus-rich wastewater in the side process.
- the sludge age, sludge concentration and sludge activity in the SBR reactor are improved, and the impact load resistance is enhanced, which avoids the denitrification and anaerobic interpretation of the traditional biological nitrogen removal system.
- the ERP-SBR process still has the following deficiencies: (1) The control of sludge age is also faced with a dilemma: shortening the sludge age is not desirable for biological nitrogen removal and increasing sludge disposal costs, and it is not desirable to extend the sludge age.
- the phosphorus in the sewage can be recycled to the maximum in the form of phosphorus-rich sediment, but prolonging the sludge age will increase the sludge concentration in the SBR reactor as the main reaction tank with the extension of the running time.
- the efficiency of gravity sedimentation to complete the separation of mud water is gradually reduced, the sludge interface is increased, and the water filling ratio of the SBR reactor is reduced, thereby further reducing the space utilization rate of the SBR reactor.
- the amount of SS in the liquid is generally not less than 5%, so the TP carried by the effluent SS reaches 0.5 mg/L, making it difficult for the entire system to meet the requirements of the GB18918 Class A standard for the TP index;
- the anaerobic release process itself has a short duration, it can be completed in about 2h, but the anaerobic interpretation tank also relies on gravity sedimentation to complete the separation of muddy water.
- This mud-water separation method not only needs to prolong precipitation when the sludge concentration is high. Time, and the sludge interface is raised, so that the drainage height of the phosphorus-rich supernatant that can be discharged into the chemical de-energy pool is greatly reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sewage treatment process, which can simultaneously remove carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus without treating the remaining activated sludge, and the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus removal is higher.
- the system process is more simple, the area is more economical, the processing cost is lower, and the recycling of phosphorus in the sewage is more convenient.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a sewage treatment system.
- a sewage treatment process includes the following steps:
- reaction step intermittently performing aeration in the biological reaction tank
- the liquid mixture in the biological reaction tank is subjected to solid-liquid separation by a membrane separation device to obtain a first permeate, and the first permeate is used as a system to finally treat the effluent;
- Phosphorus-rich water discharge process The anaerobic state is maintained in the biological reaction tank, and the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank is subjected to solid-liquid separation by a membrane separation device to obtain a second permeate, and the second permeate enters the bioreactor
- the monument recovery unit removes the monument from the water, the second permeate changes from phosphorus-rich water to low-phosphorus water, and the low-temperature water flows back into the biological reaction tank;
- This sewage treatment process is operated in accordance with the above steps.
- step b) and step c) are combined into one reaction drainage process: the biological reaction tank is filled with water and drained, and intermittently aerated.
- step a), step b) and step c) are combined into one influent reaction drainage process: the biological reaction tank is filled with water and drained, and intermittently aerated.
- the raw water is pretreated prior to step a).
- the concentration of the sludge in the biological reaction tank is 2 to 20 g/L, more preferably 4 to 15 g/L, and most preferably 8 to 12 g/L.
- raw water enters the biological reaction cell in steps b) to e).
- the ratio of the raw water entering the biological reaction tank in step d) and step e) to the total raw water amount injected into the biological reaction tank in each operating cycle is 1 to 40%, preferably 5 to 20%.
- step c) or step e) is a precipitation operation.
- oxygen-rich oxygen having an oxygen concentration of 25% or more is used as the aeration medium in step a), step b) or step c).
- the invention also provides a sewage treatment system, comprising a biological reaction tank, a membrane separation device, a phosphorus recovery unit and an aeration device, wherein the aeration device is in a biological reaction tank, the biological reaction pool is connected with the membrane separation device, and the membrane separation device is The water outlet is connected to the first water delivery pipeline and the second water delivery pipeline, and the first water delivery pipeline and the second water delivery pipeline have valves, and the monument recovery unit is connected to the second water delivery pipeline and the biological reaction pool. There is a stirring device in the biological reaction tank.
- the sewage treatment system further comprises an air separation plant.
- the sewage treatment system further comprises a pretreatment device comprising a grid, a screen, a hair concentrator, a grit chamber, a primary sedimentation tank, a conditioning tank, a pH adjusting device, an ion exchange device, an adsorption device, Coagulation and sedimentation equipment, air flotation equipment, hydrolysis acidification equipment, upflow anaerobic sludge bed, granular anaerobic sludge expansion bed, internal circulation reactor, room temperature catalytic oxidation equipment, high temperature catalytic oxidation equipment, photocatalytic oxidation equipment At least one of a high temperature wet oxidation device, an electrolysis device, and a microwave device.
- a pretreatment device comprising a grid, a screen, a hair concentrator, a grit chamber, a primary sedimentation tank, a conditioning tank, a pH adjusting device, an ion exchange device, an adsorption device, Coagulation and sedimentation equipment, air flotation equipment, hydrolysis acid
- the sewage treatment system further comprises a post-treatment device comprising a chlorination disinfection device, an ultraviolet disinfection device, an ozone device, an aerated biological filter, a constructed wetland, a soil percolation system, a stabilization pond, and a purification of aquatic plants.
- a post-treatment device comprising a chlorination disinfection device, an ultraviolet disinfection device, an ozone device, an aerated biological filter, a constructed wetland, a soil percolation system, a stabilization pond, and a purification of aquatic plants.
- a post-treatment device comprising a chlorination disinfection device, an ultraviolet disinfection device, an ozone device, an aerated biological filter, a constructed wetland, a soil percolation system, a stabilization pond, and a purification of aquatic plants.
- the sewage treatment system includes both the pretreatment device and the aftertreatment device.
- the invention can completely and solidly separate the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank by the membrane separation device, and can control the sludge age more flexibly, unlike the prior art, the gravity sedimentation is used to realize the solid-liquid separation.
- the gravity sedimentation is used to realize the solid-liquid separation.
- the mud concentration can maximize the biological nitrogen removal effect and the total amount of the monument and the total amount of the monument, so that the system can truly achieve the efficient removal of phosphorus without excluding the remaining activated sludge. Not only does the system obtain better denitrification and delisting effects, but also greatly reduces the output of residual activated sludge, saving sludge treatment and disposal costs.
- the membrane-separating device thoroughly separates the liquid in the biological reaction tank, and the phosphorus-rich water formed by the anaerobic stage can be excluded from the system as much as possible, and the membrane separation chamber
- the formed permeate suspension is close to zero, which eliminates the problem of the suspension of the suspended matter in the prior art when the coagulation sedimentation tank is used as the phosphorus recovery unit, which saves the amount of the herbicide and reduces the chemical pollution.
- the production of mud increases the phosphorus content in the phosphorus precipitate and creates more favorable conditions for the recycling of phosphorus resources.
- the present invention sequentially undergoes aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic environments from time series in a single bioreactor, and realizes simultaneous and efficient removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, and the system becomes extremely tubular in the process. Clean, compared to the prior art ERP-SBR system, the anaerobic release tank is omitted, and four reactors and almost all circulation systems are omitted compared to the BCFS system. Therefore, under the premise of having the same ability of denitrification and delisting, the sewage treatment system of the invention has a smaller footprint, lower capital investment and operating cost, and more management and maintenance.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the process operation process of the sewage treatment process and system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the process operation process of the sewage treatment process and system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the process operation process of the sewage treatment process and system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- a sewage treatment process includes the following steps, and is sequentially executed according to a certain operation cycle:
- Influent process raw water enters the biological reaction tank to a predetermined time or liquid level
- the biological reaction tank may be only aerated or only stirred, or may be alternately aerated and stirred, or may be neither aerated nor stirred;
- the aeration and agitation are intermittently carried out in the biological reaction tank, so that the sewage can be brought into contact with the microorganisms, and various pollutants in the sewage are absorbed, decomposed or converted by the microorganisms.
- the biological reaction tank is in an aerobic state, mainly involving organic matter oxidation reaction, aerobic nitrification, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, and phosphorus uptake by phosphorus accumulating bacteria.
- the bioreactor is in anoxic state, mainly causing hypoxia and denitrification.
- Process water discharge process The liquid mixture in the biological reaction tank is subjected to solid-liquid separation by a membrane separation device to obtain a first permeate, and the first permeate is used as a system to finally process the effluent;
- the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank is filtered and separated by the membrane separation device, and water and some small molecular substances are permeable to the system to form water, and microorganisms, macromolecular substances and inorganic particles are trapped inside the biological reaction tank.
- the biological reaction tank may be aerated or stirred, or may be alternately aerated and stirred, or may be neither aerated nor stirred.
- the treatment water discharge process may be included in the reaction process.
- the internal or any of the internal time periods may be continuously or intermittently performed, or may be performed after the end of the reaction process.
- continuous or intermittent agitation may or may not be performed, and the biological reaction tank gradually enters the anaerobic state from aerobic or anoxic state, and the anaerobic release process of the plaque is started.
- the raw water is no longer in the biological reaction tank, or only a small amount of raw water is introduced, but in the initial stage, the treated water can continue to be discharged through the membrane separation equipment until the TP concentration in the treated water approaches or reaches the emission limit.
- Phosphorus-rich water discharge process The anaerobic state is maintained in the biological reaction tank, and the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank is subjected to solid-liquid separation by a membrane separation device to obtain a second permeate, and the second permeate enters the bioreactor Inside the separately set phosphorus recovery unit, the phosphorus recovery unit removes the monument from the water in the form of precipitates or crystals, the second permeate changes from phosphorus-rich water to low-phosphorus water, and the low-phosphorus water flows back into the biological reaction tank. .
- the phosphorus-rich water discharge process starts.
- the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank is separated and filtered by the membrane separation device, and the microorganisms, macromolecular substances and inorganic particles are trapped inside the biological reaction tank, and water, a part of small molecular substances and a salt acid salt permeate through the membrane to form a second permeate.
- the second permeate is introduced into the phosphorus recovery unit disposed separately from the bioreactor, and the phosphorus recovery unit removes the monument from the water in the form of precipitates or crystals, and the second permeate is changed from phosphorus-rich water.
- the effluent from the monument recovery unit is returned to the biological reaction tank.
- the mixture of the biological reaction tank can be kept in an anaerobic state, an anoxic state or an aerobic state, or can be gradually changed from an anaerobic state to an anoxic state or further converted to aerobic state. a state in which an aerobic state and an anoxic state coexist or alternate;
- the mixed liquid of the biological reaction tank may be in an aerobic state or may be in an aerobic state and an anoxic state in a state of coexistence or alternating; in the standby process, the biological reaction
- the pool mixture gradually changes from an anoxic state to an anaerobic state; in the phosphorus-rich water discharge process, the bioreactor is always in an anaerobic state.
- the active microorganisms in the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank sequentially undergo an aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic alternating cycle in time series.
- the aerobic state the heterotrophic microorganisms gradually degrade the carbon-containing organic matter, the nitrifying bacteria oxidize the ammonia nitrogen to nitrate, and the polyphosphate bacteria perform the aerobic phosphorus uptake process; in the anoxic state, the denitrifying bacteria reduce the nitrate to the nitrogen In the water, the removal of total nitrogen is completed; in the anaerobic state, the anaerobic phosphorus release process is carried out.
- the present invention no longer eliminates the aerobic zone or the aerobic period.
- Phosphorus sludge removes phosphorus from the water, but removes or recovers the phosphorus by eliminating the phosphorus-rich supernatant formed in the anaerobic stage. This fundamentally solves the conventional biological nitrogen removal process.
- sludge age biological solids residence time, SRT
- the separation of active microorganisms from water in the present invention is no longer dependent on gravity precipitation, but is efficiently separated by membrane separation equipment.
- the effect is that not only the active microorganisms are completely separated from the water, but also all the mixed liquid or sludge external circulation system except the biological reaction tank is realized, and the efficient removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in a single biological reaction tank is realized, and It solves the three problems faced by the ERP-SBR process mentioned above: (1) The system operation no longer needs to worry about the increase of the sludge interface and the decrease of the water filling ratio under the long sludge age.
- the membrane separation process not only makes the control of sludge age more flexible, but also maximizes the space utilization of the bioreactor, and can make the system obtain a long sludge age (up to 60 days or even 90 to 300 days). In order to minimize the production of residual activated sludge and save sludge treatment and disposal costs.
- the sludge concentration in the bioreactor may be 2 to 5 times that of the conventional biological denitrification process and the BCFS process and the ERP-SBR process of 3 ⁇ 4 g/L in the case of long sludge age, that is, up to 6 ⁇ 15 g/L, but due to the membrane separation process to achieve solid-liquid separation, even if the sludge interface is higher, the system can smoothly achieve the treatment water discharge process; (2) the high-efficiency interception performance of the membrane is obtained in the treatment water discharge process The final effluent suspension (SS) of the system is almost zero, thus avoiding the problem that the particulate phosphorus content carried by the effluent suspension is sufficient to make the system TP indicator exceed the standard; (3) When the anaerobic release process is completed, the solid-liquid separation is still completely achieved through a highly efficient membrane separation process, which not only maximizes the removal of the obtained phosphorus-rich supernatant from the bioreactor, but also enhances phosphorus enrichment as much as possible.
- the phosphorus concentration of the supernatant in other words, can transfer the phosphorus in the raw water to the phosphorus-rich supernatant as much as possible, and reduce the total amount of the effluent-rich supernatant as much as possible, and at the same time, due to membrane separation.
- the permeate suspension is close to zero, thus eliminating the problem of the suspension of the suspended matter in the prior art when the coagulation sedimentation tank is used as the phosphorus recovery unit, saving the amount of the phosphorus removal agent and reducing the chemistry.
- the production of sludge increases the phosphorus content in the phosphorus precipitate, which creates more favorable conditions for the recycling of phosphorus resources.
- a process that is, a precipitation process
- a precipitation process may be added between the reaction process and the treatment water discharge process.
- the precipitation process neither the water nor the water is drained in the biological reaction tank, neither aeration nor agitation, and the microorganisms gradually precipitate to the bottom of the bioreactor by gravity.
- the liquid separated by the membrane separation device is mainly the supernatant liquid located in the upper part of the biological reaction tank, and the entire treatment water discharge process is a precipitation operation until the liquid level in the biological reaction tank is lowered to the sedimentation process. Stop at the end of the sludge interface formed at the end.
- the biological reaction tank no longer enters the raw water, or only a small amount of raw water is entered, but the initial stage of the standby process can continue to discharge the treated water through the membrane separation device until the TP concentration in the treated water is close to or Stop when the emission limit is reached.
- the standby process and the precipitation process completely coincide.
- the liquid separated by the precipitation forming equipment is no longer a mixture containing a large amount of active microorganisms, but The supernatant containing only a portion of the suspended solids can appropriately delay the development of membrane fouling in the membrane separation equipment, maintaining good filtration performance and delaying on-line or off-line cleaning operations.
- the reaction process and the treatment water discharge process may be combined into one process, that is, a reaction drainage process.
- the liquid separated by the membrane separation device is always a mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank, and the obtained first permeate is finally treated as a system, and the biological reaction tank is alternately aerated and stirred. It can be drained or drained, or it can be drained without water.
- the water or drainage can be continuous or it can be Resting.
- the biological reaction tank no longer enters the raw water, or only a small amount of raw water is entered, but the initial stage of the standby process can continue to discharge the treated water through the membrane separation device until the TP concentration in the treated water is close to or Stop when the emission limit is reached.
- the water inflow step, the reaction step, and the treated water discharge step may be combined into one step, that is, the influent reaction and drainage step.
- the liquid separated by the membrane separation device is always a mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank, and the obtained first permeate is used as a system to finally treat the effluent, and the biological reaction tank alternately performs aeration and agitation.
- both water and drainage, water or drainage can be continuous or intermittent.
- the biological reaction tank no longer enters the raw water, or only a small amount of raw water is entered, but the initial stage of the standby process can continue to discharge the treated water through the membrane separation device until the TP concentration in the treated water is close to or Stop when the emission limit is reached.
- the DO value of the liquid phase main flow region is generally not less than 1.
- Omg / L preferably not less than 1.5 mg / L, more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 3.
- Omg / L 0RP (redox potential) value is generally not lower than +100mV, preferably +180 ⁇ +600mV; temperature is generally 4 ⁇ 45 ° C (degrees Celsius), preferably 15 - 30 ° C; pH is generally 6.0-9.0, Preferably 6.5 ⁇ 8.5, more preferably 7.0 ⁇ 8.0 0
- the DO value of the liquid phase main flow region is generally not higher than 1.
- Omg / L preferably not higher than 0.5 mg / L, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ 0.4 mg /L;
- 0RP value is generally not higher than _50mV, preferably -100 ⁇ _50mV;
- temperature is generally 4 ⁇ 45°C, preferably 15 ⁇ 30°C;
- pH is generally 6.0 ⁇ 9.0, preferably 6.0-8.0, more preferably 7.0 -7.5;
- the ratio of B0D 5 to TKN of the biological reaction tank influent is generally not less than 2.5, preferably not less than 3.5, more preferably not less than 5.
- the DO value of the liquid phase main flow region is generally not more than 0.5 mg / L, preferably not more than 0.2 mg / L, more preferably 0 ⁇ 0. lmg / L; 0RP value is generally not higher than -200mV, preferably -350 ⁇ -200mV; temperature is generally 4 ⁇ 45 ° C, preferably 15 ⁇ 30 ° C; pH is generally 6.0 ⁇ 9.0, preferably 6.5 ⁇ 8.5, more preferably 7.5 ⁇ 8.0;
- the ratio of B0D 5 to TP in the influent of the bioreactor is generally not less than 10, preferably not less than 20, more preferably not less than 25.
- the duration of the water inflow step is generally 0.2 to 4 hours, preferably 0.5 to 2 hours; the duration of the reaction step is generally 1 to 24 hours, preferably 2 to 12 hours; and the duration of the treatment water discharge process Generally, it is 0.2 to 12 hours, preferably 0.5 to 8 hours; the standby process lasts for a general time. 5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ Preferably, the time is 0. 2 ⁇ 4 hours, preferably 0. 5 ⁇ 2 hours. 5 ⁇ 2 ⁇ The time is 0. 2 ⁇ 4 hours, preferably 0. 5 ⁇ 2 hours, when the precipitation process is carried out.
- the duration of the reaction is generally 1 to 24 hours, preferably 2 to 12 hours.
- the duration is generally from 1 to 24 hours, preferably from 2 to 12 hours.
- the operation period is generally 3 to 48 hours, preferably 4 to 12 hours.
- the sewage treatment process can be operated at a fixed cycle or in a variable cycle.
- the automatic control system can be collected by the automatic control system in real time.
- the executing agency issues instructions to implement it.
- the sewage treatment process is carried out by dynamically monitoring the variable period of the change of the raw water, the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank, and the target pollutants such as treated water, organic matter in the phosphorus-rich water, nitrogen, phosphorus, and the like. This allows the energy and medicament consumption of the entire wastewater treatment system to be minimized.
- the raw water may be continuous or intermittent when it is injected into the biological reaction tank.
- raw water may be injected into the bioreactor only during the influent process, or raw water may be injected in both the influent process and other processes (except the precipitation process).
- raw water is injected into the biological reaction tank in both the water inflow step and the other steps (except the precipitation step).
- the raw water is injected into the biological reaction tank, thereby avoiding the anoxic denitrification process and the anaerobic release process common to the carbon source organic matter in the conventional biological nitrogen removal and delisting system.
- the competition can better distribute carbon source organic matter between the biological nitrogen removal process and the biological phosphorus removal process to achieve better nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects.
- the proportion of raw water injected into the bioreactor in the standby process and the phosphorus-rich water discharge process accounts for 1 to 40%, preferably 5 to 20%, of the total raw water injected into the bioreactor during each operation cycle.
- the raw water may be continuously or intermittently entered into the biological reaction tank in any period or all of the time periods, in other words, the water discharge process, the reaction drainage process, and the phosphorus-rich process.
- the water discharge process can be operated either at a constant water level or as a precipitation.
- the treated water discharge process or the reaction drainage process is a precipitation operation
- the raw water may be continuously or intermittently entered into the biological reaction pool in any subsequent period or all of the time in the subsequent standby process, or may not be Continue to the raw water.
- the treated water discharge process or the reaction drainage process is a constant water level operation, the raw water is no longer continuously entered into the biological reaction tank in the subsequent standby process.
- the treated water discharge step and the reaction drainage step are both precipitation operations, that is, the water level in the biological reaction tank gradually decreases as the duration is extended.
- the water level in the biological reaction tank can be controlled to a lower level, thereby increasing the concentration of phosphorus in the phosphorus-rich supernatant. , reduce the total amount of phosphorus-rich sewage discharged into the monument recycling unit, and save the amount of related chemicals.
- the biological reaction tank may be a suspension growth type activated sludge reactor, an adhesion growth type biofilm reactor, or an activated sludge having a suspension growth type.
- the bioreactor is a suspension growth type activated sludge reactor.
- the biological reaction tank may be a push flow reactor or a complete mixing reactor, or may be similar to an oxidation ditch (Ox i di t ion Di t ch ). The flow regime has a fully mixed flow reactor design.
- the aeration mode of the biological reaction tank may be continuous or intermittent or pulsed.
- the aeration medium in the biological reaction tank may be compressed air, or the oxygen volume concentration may not be less than 25 % of oxygen-rich; when the bioreactor is in an anaerobic state, the bioreactor may be stirred only, or a pure nitrogen having a nitrogen concentration of not less than 95% may be used as a medium for aeration.
- oxygen-enriched oxygen having a volume concentration of not less than 25% is used as an aeration medium, and oxygen is more preferably used.
- Pure oxygen having a volume concentration of not less than 90% is used as an aeration medium;
- pure nitrogen having a nitrogen gas volume concentration of not less than 95% is used as an aeration medium, and more preferably a nitrogen volume concentration is used. Not less than 99% pure nitrogen is used as the aeration medium.
- the gas-water two-phase flow formed by the aeration can be used to perform a cross-flow (cros sf low) flow on the surface of the filtration unit of the membrane separation device.
- the hydraulic shear force thus formed can effectively inhibit the deposition of contaminants on the surface of the filter unit, avoiding the increase of filtration resistance and causing serious membrane fouling, so that the membrane separation device always maintains good filtration performance.
- the biological reaction tank when the biological reaction tank is in an anaerobic state, pure nitrogen as the aeration medium can not destroy the anaerobic environment inside the biological reaction tank, and ensure the smooth progress of the phosphorus-rich water discharge process; the aerobic state in the biological reaction tank State, anoxic state or aerobic state and anoxic state coexist or alternate with oxygen-enriched or pure oxygen as the aeration medium, the oxygen transfer efficiency is higher, not only can maintain high sludge concentration in the biological reaction tank and Sludge activity, improve sludge settling performance, reduce residual activated sludge production, promote the growth of nitrifying bacteria, and further save power consumption.
- both pure nitrogen and oxygen-rich (pure oxygen) can be prepared from air, and the preparation technology is relatively mature, and the preparation cost is also relatively low.
- Separation of oxygen and nitrogen using an air separation unit is a relatively common technique.
- the air separation device may adopt a low temperature air separation method, a pressure swing adsorption method (PSA), a monthly temperature separation method, and the like, and may also be used in the space division field. Other methods.
- the air separation equipment is called an air separation unit.
- the MLSS (sludge concentration) in the biological reaction tank is generally 2 to 20 g/L, preferably 4 to 15 g/L, more preferably 8 to 12 g/L.
- the invention also provides a sewage treatment system, comprising a biological reaction tank, a membrane separation device, a phosphorus recovery unit and an aeration device, wherein the aeration device is in a biological reaction tank, the biological reaction pool is connected with the membrane separation device, and the membrane separation device is The water outlet is connected to the first water delivery pipeline and the second water delivery pipeline, and the first water delivery pipeline and the second water delivery pipeline have valves, and the monument recovery unit is connected to the second water delivery pipeline and the biological reaction pool. There is a stirring device in the biological reaction tank.
- the membrane separation device has one or more filtration units.
- the filtering unit refers to a component having a filtering function, and may be a hollow fiber bundle membrane module, a hollow fiber curtain membrane module, a plate and frame flat membrane module, a capillary membrane module, a tubular membrane module, a microporous filter tube, and the like.
- Various types of filtration units that can be used in the field of water treatment.
- the membrane separation device that performs the solid-liquid separation process in the water discharge process stage and the membrane separation device that performs the solid-liquid separation process in the phosphorus-rich water discharge process stage may be the same set of equipment, or one of them may be part of the other, or may be two sets of phases. Separate device.
- the solid-liquid separation of the stage of the water discharge process and the stage of the phosphorus-rich water discharge process is performed by the same membrane separation apparatus.
- the membrane separation device may be disposed in the interior of the biological reaction tank to be submerged and installed below the liquid surface, that is, form a so-called built-in membrane bioreactor (submerged MBR) with the biological reaction tank, or may be independently disposed outside the biological reaction tank, that is, with the biological
- the reaction cell consists of a so-called external membrane bioreactor (s ide st ream MBR).
- the membrane separation device is independently disposed outside the biological reaction tank. This makes it easier to install, overhaul and clean the membrane separation equipment.
- the membrane flux of the membrane separation device when performing the water discharge process ie, the permeate flow rate per unit time on the unit surface when the membrane separation device is operating normally
- the membrane flux when performing the phosphorus-rich water discharge process may be different.
- the membrane separation equipment should maintain an anaerobic state in the biological reaction tank when performing the phosphorus-rich water discharge process, even if pure nitrogen is used as the aeration medium for aeration, the anaerobic state can be not destroyed, and the gas-water two-phase flow can be utilized.
- the membrane separation apparatus performs a membrane flux at a time when the phosphorus-rich water discharge process is performed lower than a membrane flux thereof when the treatment water discharge process is performed. This is advantageous in maintaining a good filtration performance of the membrane separation device.
- the monument recycling unit can remove phosphorus from water, and the method of removing the monument can adopt various processes known in the field of water treatment such as sedimentation, adsorption, crystallization, etc., for example, it can be a coagulation sedimentation tank (or a coagulation sedimentation device). It may also be an adsorption cell (or adsorption device), or other reaction unit capable of separating, adsorbing, or crystallizing a phosphate precipitate from an aqueous solution.
- the coagulant or adsorbent used may be an inorganic salt or polymer formed by 4 (Ca), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) or other metal cations, or one of the above or a mixture of two or more chemical agents.
- the second permeate from phosphorus-rich water to low-temperature water. Since the influent of the phosphorus recovery unit is the second permeate of the membrane separation device, the suspended matter is close to zero, thereby eliminating the turbidity of the suspended matter interference deposit which is ubiquitous in the prior art when the coagulation sedimentation tank is used as the phosphorus recovery unit.
- the problem not only saves the amount of phosphorus removal agent, reduces the production of chemical sludge, but also increases the phosphorus content in the phosphorus precipitate, which creates more favorable conditions for the recycling of phosphorus resources.
- a pretreatment device may be provided in the front section of the sewage treatment system, and the pretreatment device herein refers to a device that can treat raw water before the raw water enters the biological reaction pool.
- the pretreatment device may be composed of a grille, a screen, a hair concentrator, a grit chamber, a primary sedimentation tank, a regulating tank, a grease trap, a pH adjusting device, an ion exchange device, an adsorption device, a coagulation sedimentation device, an air floatation Equipment, anaerobic reaction equipment (including but not limited to hydrolysis acidification, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, granular anaerobic sludge expansion bed, internal circulation reactor, etc.), advanced oxidation equipment (including but not limited to normal temperature catalytic oxidation Any one or more of high-temperature catalytic oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation, high-temperature wet oxidation, etc., electrolysis equipment, and microwave equipment to remove bulky
- a post-treatment device may be provided in the latter stage of the sewage treatment system, and the post-treatment device herein refers to a device that can further process the first permeate.
- the post-treatment device may be sterilized by chlorination equipment (disinfectants including but not limited to chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, etc.), ultraviolet disinfection equipment, ozone equipment, biological aerated filter, constructed wetland, soil percolation system, stable Pond, aquatic plant purification pond, adsorption equipment, coagulation sedimentation equipment, flocculation filtration equipment, activated carbon equipment (activated carbon is granular or powdered, aerated or not aerated), ion exchange equipment, ultrafiltration equipment, nanofiltration equipment, Any one or more of a reverse osmosis device, an electrodialysis device, and an electric desalination device for further disinfecting, decolorizing, or further removing the first permeate Organic and inorganic salts.
- the pretreatment device and the post treatment device may be provided simultaneously in the front and rear sections of the sewage treatment device.
- a measuring instrument such as DO or 0RP may be added to continuously and automatically monitor the real-time DO or 0RP value of the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank, and dynamically adjust the gas output of the aeration device. This can further save energy consumption and better regulate the environmental conditions in the biological reaction tank, so that it can smoothly switch and alternate between aerobic state, anoxic state and anaerobic state.
- COD, BOD, T0C total organic carbon
- Li 4+-N ammonia nitrogen
- 0 2 "-N nitrite nitrogen
- 0 3 "-N nitrate
- Nitrogen, TKN total Kjeldahl
- TN total nitrogen
- phosphate total phosphate
- TP total phosphorus
- a sewage treatment system includes a biological reaction tank 1, a membrane separation device 2 installed in the biological reaction tank 1, an aeration device 3, and a stirring device 4, which are disposed in the biological reaction tank 1
- the phosphorus recovery unit 5 other than the phosphorus pump 7 is connected to the water outlet of the membrane separation device 2, and the air blower 7 is connected to the air inlet of the aeration device 3.
- the pipeline connected to the water outlet of the suction pump 6 branches out two branches, namely a first water delivery line 11 and a second water delivery line 12, wherein the first water delivery line 11 is connected to the water production collecting device, second The water delivery line 12 is connected to the water inlet of the phosphorus recovery unit 5, and the water outlet of the phosphorus recovery unit 5 is connected to the biological reaction tank 1 through a pipeline.
- An electric valve that is, a first water delivery line control valve 8 and a second water delivery line control valve 9, are respectively mounted on the first water delivery line 11 and the second water delivery line 12.
- the internal net size of the bioreactor 1 is 10 m (meter) (width) x 25 m (length) x 5. 6 m (deep), the effective water depth is 5 m, and the effective volume is 1250 m 3 .
- the internal net size of the product water storage tank 5 is 5 m (width) X 20 m (length) X 5. 6 m (deep), the effective water depth is 5 m, and the effective volume is 500 m 3 .
- each membrane separation device 2 There are 50 membrane separation equipments 2, which are placed in 2 rows, 25 per row.
- the outer dimensions of each membrane separation device 2 are 1000mm (mm) (length) ⁇ 1000mm (width) ⁇ 2000mm (height), each membrane 8mm, the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane is 2. 8mm, The average membrane pore size is 0. 4 ⁇ ⁇ (micron), the material is polyvinylidene fluoride, the upper end can swing freely, each membrane is in a closed state, sealed with flexible epoxy resin, and the lower end is molded with epoxy resin. In the end, it is secondarily cast with polyurethane to protect the root of the membrane.
- the outer part of the end is provided with a water production pipe with an outer diameter of ⁇ 10mm, and all the production water pipes are connected in parallel to the water collecting branch pipe of each membrane separation device 2, and the water collecting branch pipes of each membrane separation device 2 are connected in parallel to the water collecting main pipe and the water collecting main pipe. It is in communication with the suction port of the suction pump 6.
- suction pump 6 units There are 4 suction pump 6 units, 3 for 1 unit, each with a flow rate of 100m7h (m3/h), a head of 32m, a suction range of 8m and a power of 15kW (kW).
- the blower 7 has a total of 3 sets, 2 with 1 set, each air volume is 20. 87m 3 /min (m3 / min), the wind pressure is 58. 8kPa (kPa), the speed is 1400r / min (rev / min), The power is 37kW.
- the phosphorus recovery unit adopts a flocculation sedimentation reactor, which is composed of a flap flocculation tank and a co-flow inclined plate sedimentation tank.
- the effective volume of the flap flocculation tank is 30 m 3 , the hydraulic retention time is 6-18 min, and the same direction flow ramp
- the hydraulic surface load of the sedimentation tank is 30m 3 / (m 2 . h) , oblique
- the board spacing is 35mm.
- the following pretreatment devices can be arranged along the flow direction: gate wells, coarse grids, collection basins, fine grids and grit chambers.
- the coarse grille uses a rotary grille decontamination machine with a water capacity of 1200 m 3 /h and a grid gap of 20 ,.
- the effective volume of the cistern is 100 m 3 , and there are 3 sets (2 for 1 standby) with a flow rate of 600 m. 3 /h, submersible sewage pump with a head of 12m and a power of 37kW.
- the fine grille uses a rotary grille decontamination machine with a water capacity of 1200m7h and a grid gap of 5 ⁇ .
- the grit chamber uses 2 sets of processing capacity. 600m 3 /h cyclone sander, equipped with a spiral sand water separator.
- the daily treatment scale that the sewage treatment system of the present invention can achieve is
- the bioreactor 1 has a hydraulic retention time of about 6 hours, MLSS (sludge concentration) of 5 ⁇ 8g / L (g / liter), volume load of 0.8 ⁇ 1.2kg-BOD / (m 3 - d" 1
- the sludge load is 0.1 - 0.24 kg - BOD / ( kg - MLSS ⁇ d - 1 ), and the hydraulic retention time of the product water storage tank 5 is about 2.4 hours.
- the operation is carried out according to the five steps of water inflow, reaction, treatment water discharge, standby, and phosphorus-rich water discharge, wherein the time of the water inflow process is 0.5 h, The time of the process is 1.5h, the time of the water discharge process is 3h, the time of the standby process is 0.5h, the time of the phosphorus-rich water discharge process is 0.5h, and the total operation cycle is 6h.
- the blower 7 When the system is in the water inflow process, the reaction process and the process water discharge process, the blower 7 is intermittently operated, providing oxygen rich in oxygen volume concentration of 25%, and stopping lOmin after every 20 minutes of operation, stopping at the blower 7 During the operation, the stirring device 4 is started to complete the mixing of the liquid in the biological reaction tank 1, and the stirring device 4 is stopped after the blower 7 is started.
- blower 7 stops running.
- the blower 7 is operated continuously, providing a pure nitrogen gas having a nitrogen concentration of 95%.
- the stirring device 4 is continuously operated.
- the influent flow rate is 1000m7h
- the total amount of sewage entering the bioreactor 1 is 500m 3
- the reflux from the monument recovery unit 5 to the low in the bioreactor 1 total phosphorous water 150m 3 the process proceeds to the bioreactor influent in step 1 of the total amount of water is 650m 3
- the water depth in the biological reactor 1 was raised to 2.4m 5.0m. Then the system enters the reaction process, in which the biological reaction tank 1 stops entering the sewage, intermittent aeration and Stir.
- the suction pump 6 starts to operate, the first water delivery line control valve 8 is also simultaneously opened, and the second water delivery line control valve 9 is closed, and the suction pump 6 provides a negative Under the action of the pressure, the membrane separation device 2 performs solid-liquid separation of the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank 1 to obtain a first permeated liquid, and the first permeated liquid flows into the production water collecting device via the first water delivery line 11.
- the biological reaction tank 1 continuously enters the sewage, the inflow flow rate is 200 m 3 /h, the total sewage volume is 600 m 3 , and the average working flow rate of the suction pump is 416.67 m 3 /h, from the biological reaction pool 1 i.e.
- the biological reaction tank 1 neither enters water nor drains, stops aeration, performs continuous agitation, and gradually enters an anaerobic state in the bioreactor 1.
- the biological reaction tank 1 continuously enters the sewage at an inflow rate of 300 m7h, and continues to perform continuous stirring, and the suction pump 6 starts the operation again at an average working flow of 300 m7h, the second loss.
- the water line control valve 9 is also simultaneously opened, and the first water delivery line control valve 8 is in a closed state.
- the membrane separation device 2 solidifies the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank 1.
- the liquid is separated to obtain a second permeate, and the second permeate flows into the monument recovery unit 5 via the second water delivery line 12.
- the TP concentration in the second permeate is reduced from 25 mg/L to 1 mg/L.
- the total amount of the total amount of the sewage is 150 m 3 , and a total of 150 m 3 of the second permeate is obtained, and a total of about 3. 6 kg of the monument is obtained.
- the monument recovery unit 5 is removed from the system in the form of a monument chemical precipitate. So far, the sewage treatment system of the present invention has completed all the operations of one operation cycle, and the total amount of sewage treated is 1,250 m 3 .
- the sewage treatment system of the invention can run 4 complete operation cycles per day, and the total daily sewage treatment is 5000 m 3 /d.
- a sewage treatment system most of which has the same structure as that of the embodiment 1, except that the membrane separation device 2 is installed outside the biological reaction tank 1, and between the biological reaction tank 1 and the membrane separation device 2
- the liquid supply pipe 25 and the liquid return pipe 26 are connected to each other, wherein the liquid supply pipe 25 is provided with a circulation pump 10, a total of 6 circulating pumps 10, 4 for 2, and each flow rate is 800 m 3 /h, head Is 12m,
- the power is 45kW.
- each membrane separation device 2 There are 200 membrane separation equipments 2, divided into 4 groups, 50 in each group. Each group is placed in 2 rows, 25 per row.
- the outer dimensions of each membrane separation device 2 are 200mm (diameter) ⁇ 2000mm (high).
- the filter unit integrated in each membrane separation device 2 is a hollow fiber bundle membrane module, a total of 7 bundles, each bundle of hollow fiber bundle membrane modules is composed of 400 hollow fiber membrane filaments, and the outer diameter of the hollow fiber membrane filaments It is 2.8 ⁇ , the average membrane pore size is 0.4 ⁇ , the material is polyvinylidene fluoride, the upper end can swing freely, each membrane is in a closed state, sealed with flexible epoxy resin, and the lower end is molded with epoxy resin.
- each membrane separation device 2 has a feed liquid inlet and a feed liquid outlet, and the feed liquid inlet and the water discharge port of the circulation pump 10 are connected by the liquid supply pipe 25, and between the liquid feed outlet and the biological reaction tank 1
- the liquid reflux pipe 26 is in communication.
- the daily treatment scale of the sewage treatment system of the present invention is 5000 m 3 /d, the hydraulic retention time of the biological reaction tank 1 is about 6 hours, and the MLSS (sludge concentration) is 5-8 g/L.
- the volumetric load is 0.8 ⁇ 1.2kg_BOD / (m 3 ⁇ d - sludge load is 0.1 ⁇ 0.24 kg - BOD / ( kg - MLSS ⁇ d - 1 ), and the hydraulic retention time of the production water storage tank 5 is about 2.4 hours.
- the operation is carried out in four steps according to the water inflow, the reaction drainage, the standby, and the phosphorus-rich water discharge, wherein the time of the water inflow process is 0.5 h, and the reaction drainage process is The time is 4. Oh, the standby process time is 0.5h, the phosphorus-rich water discharge process is 1. Oh, and the total operation cycle is 6h.
- the blower 7 When the system is in the water inflow process and the reaction drainage process, the blower 7 is intermittently operated, providing compressed air, and stops lOmin after every 20 minutes of operation, and the agitation device 4 starts up to complete the biological reaction during the stop operation of the blower 7
- the liquid in the tank 1 is mixed, and the stirring device 4 is stopped after the blower 7 is started.
- the blower 7 stops running, and the stirring device 4 runs continuously.
- the influent flow rate is l OOOmVh
- the total amount of sewage entering the bioreactor 1 is 500 m 3
- the water receding from the riding recovery unit 5 to the bioreactor 1 total of 150m 3 the total amount of water entering the bioreactor influent in step 1 of 650m 3, the water depth in the biological reactor 1 was raised to 2. 4m 5. 0m.
- the circulation pump 10 starts to start operation, the first water delivery pipeline control valve 8 is also simultaneously opened, and the second water delivery pipeline control valve 9 is in the closed state, and the positive pressure provided by the circulation pump 10
- the membrane separation device 2 performs solid-liquid separation of the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank 1 to obtain a first permeated liquid, and the first permeated liquid flows into the production water collecting device via the first water delivery line 11.
- the biological reaction tank 1 continuously enters the sewage, the influent flow rate is 150 m7h, the total sewage volume is 600 m 3 , and the average permeate flow rate of the first permeate is 312.
- the biological reaction tank 1 From the biological reaction tank 1 the first liquid is discharged through the effluent i.e., the total amount of final treatment system as 1250m 3, when the reaction was complete draining step, the water depth in the biological reactor 1 5. 0m down to 2. 4m. In the subsequent standby process, the biological reaction tank 1 neither enters water nor drains, stops aeration, performs agitation, and gradually enters an anaerobic state in the bioreactor 1.
- the biological reaction tank 1 continuously enters the sewage at an inflow rate of 150 m 3 /h, and continues continuous stirring, and the circulation pump 10 starts up again, and the second water delivery line control valve 9 Simultaneously, the first water delivery line control valve 8 is in a closed state.
- the membrane separation device 2 performs solid-liquid separation on the mixed liquid in the biological reaction tank 1, at 150 m7h. The average produced water flow rate obtains the second permeate, and the second permeate flows into the monument recovery unit 5 via the second water transfer line 12.
- the TP concentration in the second permeate is reduced from 25 mg/L to 1 mg/L.
- the total amount of the total amount of the water is 150 m 3 , and a total of 150 m 3 of the second permeate is obtained, and a total of about 3. 6 kg of phosphorus is obtained. It is removed from the system by the monument recovery unit 5 in the form of a phosphorous chemical precipitate. So far, the sewage treatment system of the present invention has completed all the operations of one operation cycle, and the total amount of sewage treated is 1,250 m 3 .
- the sewage treatment system of the invention can run 4 complete operation cycles per day, and the total daily sewage treatment is 5000 m 3 /d.
- the main water quality index of the effluent can reach: C0D Cr
- a sewage treatment system most of which have the same structure as the implementation 1, are different.
- the membrane separation device 2 is installed in the membrane filter 13 independent of the bioreactor 1
- the aeration device 3 is installed in both the bioreactor 1 and the membrane filter 13, but the agitation device 4 is only installed in the biological reaction.
- Inside pool 1 The biological reaction tank 1 and the membrane filter 13 are connected by a liquid supply pipe 25 and a liquid return pipe 26, wherein a circulating pump 10 is installed on the liquid return pipe 26, and a total of 6 circulating pumps 10 are used.
- the flow rate of each unit is 800m7h, the head is 12m, and the power is 45kW.
- the pipeline connected to the air outlet of the blower 7 is divided into two branches, one of which is connected to the aeration device 3 in the bioreactor 1, and the other is connected to the aeration device 3 in the membrane filter 13.
- the bioreactor supply air control valve 27 and the membrane filter supply control valve 28 are respectively installed on the two branches.
- the internal net size of the bioreactor 1 is 10 m (width) x 20 m (length) x 5.6 m (deep), the effective water depth is 5 m, and the effective volume is 1000 m 3 .
- the internal net size of the membrane filter 13 is 10 m (width) ⁇ 5 m (length) ⁇ 5.6 m (deep), the effective water depth is 5 m, and the effective volume is 250 m 3 .
- the bioreactor 1 and the membrane filter 13 are co-contained together, and the total width of the constructed structure is 10 m and the total length is 25 m (not counting the thickness of the partition wall).
- the pretreatment apparatus provided in the front stage of the sewage treatment system of the present invention is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the daily treatment scale of the sewage treatment system of the present invention is 5000 m 3 /d, the hydraulic retention time of the biological reaction tank 1 is about 6 hours, and the MLSS (sludge concentration) is 5-8 g/L.
- the volumetric load is 0.8 ⁇ 1.2kg_BOD / (m 3 ⁇ d - sludge load is 0.1 ⁇ 0.24 kg - BOD / ( kg - MLSS ⁇ d - 1 ), and the hydraulic retention time of the production water storage tank 5 is about 2.4 hours.
- the sewage treatment system of the present invention when operated, it operates according to three steps of influent reaction drainage, standby, and phosphorus-rich water discharge, wherein the time of the influent reaction drainage process is 4 hours, and the standby process time For 0.5h, the phosphorus-rich water discharge process takes 1.5 hours and the total operating cycle is 6h.
- the blower 7 When the system is in the influent reaction drainage process, the blower 7 is operated continuously, providing oxygen rich in oxygen volume concentration of 25%, and the biological reaction tank supply control valve 27 stops lOmin after every 20 minutes of operation, in the biological reaction During the shutdown of the pool air supply control valve 27, only one blower is operated, and the stirring device 4 is started to complete the mixing of the liquid in the biological reaction tank 1, and the stirring device 4 stops running after the biological reaction tank air supply control valve 27 is opened. Two blowers are running at the same time, in the water reaction The water process membrane filter supply control valve 28 is directly open. When the system is in the standby process, the blower 7 stops operating.
- the blower 7 When the system is in the phosphorus-rich water discharge process, the blower 7 is operated continuously, providing pure nitrogen with a nitrogen gas concentration of 95%, and only one blower is operated, and the biological reaction tank supply control valve 27 is always closed, the membrane The filter air supply control valve 28 is always open.
- the stirring device 4 When the system is in the standby process and the phosphorus-rich water discharge process, the stirring device 4 is continuously operated.
- both the circulation pump 10 and the suction pump 6 start to start operation, the first water delivery line control valve 8 is also simultaneously opened, and the second water delivery line control valve 9 is closed, circulating
- the pump 10 circulates the mixed liquid between the bioreactor 1 and the membrane filter 13, and the membrane separation device 2 solidifies the mixture in the membrane filter 13 under the negative pressure provided by the suction pump 6.
- the liquid is separated to obtain a first permeate, and the first permeate flows into the water collecting device via the first water delivery line 11.
- the drainage water in the reaction step biological reactor into a continuous sewage water flow is initially 0. 5h 1 312. 5m 3 /, while the total tablet discharged from the recovery unit 5 is a low monument of 150m 3
- the water flow rate is 312.
- the biological reaction tank 1 neither enters water nor drains, stops aeration, performs agitation, and gradually enters the anaerobic state in the bioreactor 1.
- the bioreactor 1 continuously enters the sewage at an influent flow rate of 10 OmV, and continues continuous agitation, and the circulation pump 10 and the suction pump 6 are restarted again, and the second water delivery line is started.
- the control valve 9 is also opened simultaneously, and the first water delivery line control valve 8 is in a closed state. Under the negative pressure provided by the suction pump 6, the membrane separation device 2 solid-liquidizes the mixture in the membrane filter 13.
- the second permeate is obtained at an average production flow rate of 100 m7h, and the second permeate flows into the monument recovery unit 5 via the second water delivery line 12.
- the TP concentration in the second permeate is reduced from 25 mg/L to 1 mg/L.
- the total amount of the total amount of the water is 150 m 3 , a total of 150 m 3 of the second permeate is obtained, and a total of about 3. 6 kg of phosphorus is obtained. It is removed from the system by the monument recovery unit 5 in the form of a phosphorous chemical precipitate.
- the sewage treatment system of the present invention has completed all the processes of one operation cycle, and the total amount of sewage treated is 1250m 3 .
- the sewage treatment system of the invention can run 4 complete operation cycles per day, and the total daily sewage treatment volume is 5000 m 3 /d o
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Description
一种污水处理工艺及系统 本申请要求于 2009 年 4 月 9 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200910081502. 0、 发明名称为 "一种污水处理工艺及系统" 的中国专利申请的 优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及一种污水处理工艺及系统,特别适用于处理城市污水,属于水 处理技术领域。 背景技术
水体富营养化 ( eut rophicat ion ) 已成为愈来愈严重的全球性环境问题, 这主要是由于氮、磷等营养物质在环境中的超量排放所引起。 因此, 世界各国 不断提高其污水排放标准。我国现行国家标准《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标 准》(GB 18918-2002 ) 的一级标准的 A标准规定氨氮不应超过 5mg/L (毫克 / 升)(低温时不应超过 8mg/L ), 总氮(TN )不应超过 15mg/L, 总磷( TP )不应 超过 0. 5mg/L。 目前, 部分水污染程度严重或水环境质量要求较高的流域和地 区已强制要求新建污水处理设施严格执行该标准,现有的以去除含碳有机物为 主要目标的二级污水处理厂也应陆续进行工艺升级改造,以使出水满足此标准 的要求。
由于城市污水中氮、磷的浓度较低, 加之污水流量巨大, 单纯采用物化方 法对其进行脱氮除碑处理存在药剂用量大、化学污泥产量大、运行成本高昂等 显著缺点, 因此在实际的污水处理工程中极少采用,利用生物脱氮除碑原理的 生物营养物去除(Biolog ica l Nut r ient Remova l , BNR )技术是目前城市污水 脱氮除磷处理领域的主要技术。
传统生物脱氮的原理可筒述为: (1 )首先, 污水中的有机氮、 蛋白氮等被 氨化菌转化为氨氮, 而后在好氧条件下被硝化菌变成硝酸盐氮,此阶段称为好 氧硝化。 (2 )随后在缺氧条件下, 由碳源提供能量, 硝酸盐氮被反硝化菌还原
成氮气并从水中逸出,此阶段称为缺氧反硝化。硝化和反硝化是由两类不同的 微生物参与的两个相互独立的过程, 由于对环境条件的要求不同, 它们一般不 能同时发生, 而只能在空间上或时间上序列式进行。 在生物脱氮系统中, 硝化 菌需要好氧环境, 而且增长速度緩慢, 污泥龄(或生物固体停留时间, SRT ) 一般不宜低于 30d (天)。 反硝化菌的生长则主要在缺氧条件下进行, 并且要 有充足的碳源提供能量,一般要求原污水中 B0D5 (五日生化需氧量)与 TKN (总 凯氏氮) 的比值在 5-8 , 否则应考虑外加碳源才可促使反硝化作用顺利进行。
传统生物除碑的原理可筒述为: (1 )厌氧段: 兼性细菌通过发酵, 将溶解 性有机物转化成低分子发酵产物, 即挥发性有机酸(Volat i le Fat ty Ac ids , VFAs ), 聚石舞菌 ( Phosphate Accumula t ing Organi sms , PAOs )吸收这些发酵 产物或来自原污水的 VFAs , 并将其运送到细胞内, 同化成胞内碳能源存贮物 ( PHB/PHV ),在这一过程中能源来自于细胞内部贮存的聚碑的水解以及细胞内 糖的酵解, 聚碑水解的结果导致磷酸盐释放至细胞外部。 (2 )好氧段: 在好氧 条件下,聚磷菌通过 PHB/PHV的氧化代谢获取能量用于磷的吸收,合成聚磷并 在细胞内部贮存, 同时合成新的聚碑菌细胞, 产生富磷污泥。 氧化过程产生的 能量以聚碑酸高能键 ATP 形式贮存。 (3 ) 除碑: 通过排放好氧过程产生的富 磷污泥, 最终将磷从水处理系统中去除。 因此, 传统生物除碑过程的实质是利 用聚碑菌厌氧释碑好氧超量吸碑来加以实现,排除剩余污泥是其除磷的唯一途 径, 故污泥龄越短除碑效果越好, 其理想的污泥龄为 3. 5-7d, 同时好氧吸碑 量受制于厌氧释碑量, 而厌氧释碑量一方面需要较为严格的厌氧环境, DO (溶 解氧)应严格控制在 0. 2mg/L 以下, 另一方面也与 VFAs的浓度密切相关, 研 究表明, 若要使处理出水中磷含量低于 1. 0mg/L , 污水中的 B0D5与 TP的比值 应控制在 20-30 , 且 B0D5中 VFAs的含量应较为丰富。
由于新的排放标准要求城市污水处理厂须完成对碳、氮、磷的同时高效去 除, 因此其选用的处理工艺应同时具备脱氮和除磷功能。 如前所述, 按照传统 生物脱氮和生物除碑的原理,具有同步脱氮除碑功能的生物处理工艺须为不同 类型的微生物创造出厌氧、缺氧、好氧以一定的次序交替循环的环境, 这种厌 氧、缺氧、好氧以一定的次序交替循环的环境可以从空间上去分割, 也可以在 时间序列上去分割。 目前,用于城市污水处理具有生物脱氮除碑效果的污水处
理工艺可以按此分为两大类:按空间分割的连续流活性污泥法和按时间分割的 间歇式活性污泥法 (或称序批式活性污泥法)。 前者以厌氧 -缺氧 -好氧(即 A-A-0或 A70 )工艺 (工艺原理如图 la所示)为代表, 也包括在 A70 工艺的 基础上发展起来的各种改良型 A70 工艺, 如 A-A70 工艺、 倒置 A70 工艺、 改良型 Bardenpho工艺、 UCT 工艺、 MUCT 工艺、 VIP工艺等。 后者以序批式 活性污泥法( Sequenc ing Batch Reactor , SBR ) (工艺原理如图 2所示)为代 表,也包括在传统 SBR工艺的基础上发展起来的各种改良型 SBR工艺,如 ICEAS 工艺、 DAT- IAT工艺、 CAST 工艺、 CASS工艺、 Uni tank 工艺、 MSBR工艺等。 按空间分割的连续流活性污泥法为多池生物处理系统,通过污泥回流系统和混 合液回流系统的组合工作使活性污泥在空间上顺次经历厌氧、缺氧、好氧或厌 氧、 好氧、 缺氧环境, 以同时发挥和强化生物脱氮和生物除碑的作用。 传统序 批式活性污泥法为单池生物处理系统,无污泥回流系统和混合液回流系统,生 化反应和泥水沉淀分离在同一个反应器中进行, 污水分批次进入反应器,按照 "进水一反应一沉淀一排水排泥一闲置"的模式序批式地进行污水处理,反应 器内在时间上顺次形成厌氧、好氧、缺氧环境。 为了提高传统 SBR的空间利用 率并强化其脱氮除碑能力,各种改良型 SBR工艺借鉴了多池系统的做法,增设 了污泥回流系统或混合液回流系统, 但同时也丧失了传统 SBR 工艺的一些特 点, 如时间上理想推流式反应器的特性、低污泥膨胀发生机率、理想静置沉淀 等。
目前污水生物脱氮除磷工艺尤其是多池生物脱氮除磷系统在实际应用过 程中经常出现脱氮和除磷效果不能同时达到最佳的现象,即脱氮效果好时除碑 效果较差, 而除碑效果好时脱氮效果不佳。其原因主要是生物脱氮和生物除碑 过程在以下方面相互矛盾或者相互竟争: (1 )生物脱氮除碑包括好氧硝化、缺 氧反硝化、 厌氧释碑和好氧吸碑等过程, 完成不同过程的微生物的种类不同, 其对基质类型、 环境条件的要求也不尽相同。( 2 )硝化过程需要的长污泥龄和 生物除磷需要的短污泥龄之间存在不可协调的矛盾。( 3 )厌氧释磷和缺氧反硝 化都需要一定量的碳源有机物, 尤其是 VFAs , 由于城市污水中 VFAs的含量通 常较低(几十毫克 /升), 碳源不足引发的竟争往往使聚碑菌不具有优势。 (4 ) 硝酸盐对厌氧释磷过程存在负面影响, 其一方面使反硝化菌和聚磷菌竟争
VFAs用于生物反硝化, 另一方面当聚碑菌的聚碑量不高、 进水 VFAs较低时, N03—可以诱导聚碑菌缺氧吸碑,抑制厌氧释碑过程的顺利进行进而影响生物除 磷效果。
大多数研究人员将现有污水生物脱氮除磷工艺改进的重点放在所谓强化 生物除石舞 ( Enhanced Biological Phosphate Removal, EBPR )工艺的开发, 即围绕如何充分发挥聚碑菌的优势来开展工作,如采用增加反应器的数目、增 加循环回流管路来消除污泥回流系统携带的 DO 和 N03—对聚碑菌厌氧释碑的 抑制作用等。 显然, 这种方法不仅导致污水处理系统的投资和运行费用增加, 而且随着反应器数目和回流管路系统的增加, 污泥配比、停留时间、基质负荷 的分配又从另一个角度影响生物除碑脱氮效果。
尽管生物除碑方法的运行成本通常较低,但国内外大量生物除碑系统的生 产运行经验表明,始终保持低于 lmg/L 的出水 TP浓度是比较困难的。为了弥 补生物除磷系统的不足, 美国、欧洲以及我国的许多实际污水处理工程中在水 流方向上即主流程上的最后增设化学除磷池,形成生物化学组合除碑系统,作 为磷达标排放的保证手段。但主流程化学除碑存在着处理水量大、药剂用量大、 药剂费用高、 药剂利用率低、 沉淀污泥产量大、磷含量低、 难于处置且不易实 现磷资源的回收利用等突出问题, 因此在实际污水处理过程中很难真正实施。
污水处理领域在二十世纪六七十年代即诞生了 Phostrip 侧流除碑工艺 (工艺原理如图 lb 所示), 该工艺是在传统活性污泥法 (Conventional Activated Sludge, CAS ) 的基础上, 在回流污泥的方向上即侧流程上增设厌 氧磷释放池,磷释放池内释放的磷随上清液流到磷化学反应沉淀池, 富磷上清 独的絮凝 /沉淀池进行固液分离, 最终碑以化学沉淀物的形式从系统中去除。 原污水流量的 10%-30%被分流到厌氧释碑池, 污泥在释碑池内的平均停留时间 为 5 ~ 20h (小时), 一般是 8 ~ 12h。 Phostrip侧流除磷工艺可以使得污水处 理主流程的最终出水 TP浓度低于 lmg/L, 而且不太受进水有机物浓度的影响, 同时与在主流程上实施化学除磷相比,化学药剂的用量明显较少, 药剂费用降 低。但该工艺没有脱氮功能,厌氧释碑池内的富磷上清液只能通过注入初沉池 出水、二沉池出水或石灰沉淀反应器上清液等淘洗水被淘出,上清液被淘出的
比例较为有限, 而且上清液中仍然有数量可观的悬浮物,化学污泥的产量仍然 较大,加之该工艺对操作人员的技术水平要求较高,因此现今应用已非常有限。
荷兰 Delft 理工大学 Kluyver 生物技术实验室近年来研发出一种变形 的 UCT (University of Cape Town )工艺, 即 BCFS ( biologisch chemisch fosfaat stikstof verwijdering ) 工艺 (工艺原理如图 lc所示)。 BCFS 工艺 在 UCT 工艺主流程的厌氧池和缺氧池之间以及缺氧池和好氧池之间分别增加 了一个反应器, 即接触池和混和池, 将传统的生物除磷脱氮 3 步过程改为 5 步,将 2个循环系统改为了 4个, 即该工艺主流程上由 5个反应器和 3组内循 环系统构成,侧流程上由 1组污泥循环系统和 1个富磷上清液(来自厌氧池末 端, 流量大约为原污水总量的十分之一)化学沉淀除碑单元构成。接触池相当 于第二选择器,可以有效防止厌氧水解产物引起的丝状菌膨胀, 同时回流污泥 中携带的 N03-N 在接触池中可以发生反硝化除磷; 混和池控制在低 DO ( < 0.5mg/L)状态下运行, 可以获得良好的同时硝化反硝化。 BCFS 工艺一方面将 生物好氧吸碑、缺氧吸碑以及富磷上清液的离线化学沉淀有机结合起来,使系 统具有良好的除碑效果, 出水总磷 0.2mg/L, 另一方面也将传统生物脱氮、 同时硝化反硝化、 反硝化除碑结合起来, 确保系统具有优异的生物脱氮效果, 出水总氮 5mg/L, 是迄今为止能同时获得最佳脱氮除碑效果的方法。 但 BCFS 工艺流程极为复杂,系统基建投资和运行成本高、占地面积大、运行管理复杂, 而且除碑途径仍以排除富磷剩余污泥为主,厌氧富磷污水的在线磷分离和离线 磷沉淀仅是辅助手段,大量剩余污泥如何处置和污水中磷资源如何回收的问题 仍然没有很好地解决, 因此应用于实际污水处理工程也受到很大局限。
针对 Phostrip侧流除磷工艺脱氮效果不佳以及 BCFS 工艺流程复杂的问 题, 重庆大学提出活性污泥夕卜循环 ERP-SBR (External recycle process of aerobic sludge in SBR system )生物除騎脱氮新工艺(工艺原理如图 3所示 )。 ERP-SBR系统在传统 SBR反应器之外增设强化厌氧释碑池(即厌氧反应器)和 化学除碑池, 与 BCFS 工艺在主流程上厌氧池末端实现富磷上清液在线分离不 同的是, 在 SBR 系统沉淀排水后将部分好氧吸碑污泥连同部分原污水一起排 至厌氧释碑池,厌氧释碑后的污泥经过静置沉淀实现泥水分离后再循环回流到 SBR反应器, 重新参与好氧碑吸收过程, 富磷上清液则进入化学除碑池, 在投
加的化学除磷药剂的作用下形成富磷沉淀物, 沉淀后的上清液再回流入 SBR 反应器进一步去除污水中的氨、 磷、 有机物等污染物。 ERP-SBR工艺在流程上 较之 BCFS大为筒化, 而且基本上以侧流程上排除厌氧富磷污水的方式替代了 传统生物除碑工艺在主流程上排除好氧富磷污泥的方式来实现除碑,因此使得 SBR反应器内的污泥龄、 污泥浓度和污泥活性均有所提高, 抗冲击负荷能力增 强,避免了传统生物脱氮除碑系统反硝化和厌氧释碑对碳源有机物的竟争,脱 氮和除碑均达到了较好的效果, 而且对部分污泥采用离线强化厌氧释碑,对占 原污水总量比例仅十分之一左右但碑浓度却是原污水近十倍左右的富磷污水 进行化学处理,既减小了化学除磷系统的规模, 又降低了化学药剂的用量和化 学污泥的产量,提高了化学除碑系统药剂利用率和化学污泥的含碑率,进而为 富磷化学污泥中磷资源的回收利用创造了有利条件,消除了传统生物除碑系统 排放的富磷污泥磷固定和处置环节。
但 ERP-SBR工艺还存在以下不足之处: ( 1 )污泥龄的控制同样面临两难的 境地: 缩短污泥龄因对生物脱氮不利并增加污泥处置成本而不可取,延长污泥 龄可以最大限度的使污水中的磷以富磷沉淀物的形式得以回收利用,但延长污 泥龄将使得作为主反应池的 SBR反应器内污泥浓度随着运行时间的延长逐渐 增大, 以重力沉淀完成泥水分离的效率随之逐渐降低, 污泥界面提高, SBR反 应器的充水比降低, 由此进一步降低了 SBR反应器的空间利用率,严重时甚至 引发污泥膨胀, 出水水质恶化; (2 )以滗水器作为撇水设备撇除 SBR反应器沉 淀期末的上清液作为系统最终出水, 出水 SS (悬浮物)难以降低至 1 0mg/L , 由于 SBR反应器沉淀期末上清液中 SS含碑量一般不低于 5% , 因此出水 SS所 携带的 TP即达到 0. 5mg/L , 使得整个系统出水难以满足 GB18918一级 A标准 关于 TP指标的要求; (3 )尽管厌氧释碑过程本身的历时较短, 一般在 2h左右 就可以完成,但厌氧释碑池同样依靠重力沉淀完成泥水分离,这种泥水分离方 式在污泥浓度高时不但需要延长沉淀时间, 而且污泥界面升高,使得可排入化 学除碑池的富磷上清液的排水高度大幅缩减,此时即便厌氧释碑过程已充分完 成, 但可以真正排入化学除碑池的富磷上清液仍然不足全部富磷污水的一半, 这使得系统的除磷能力无法进一步得到提高。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种污水处理工艺,采用该种工艺处理城市污水 可以在不排除剩余活性污泥的情况下实现碳、 氮、磷的同时去除, 而且脱氮除 磷的效率更高, 系统流程更为筒单, 占地面积更省, 处理成本更低, 更便于污 水中磷元素的回收利用。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种污水处理系统。
为了实现以上的发明目的, 本发明采用以下的技术方案:
一种污水处理工艺, 包括如下工序:
a)进水工序: 原水进入生物反应池至预定的时间或者液位;
b )反应工序: 生物反应池内间歇地进行曝气;
c )处理水排放工序: 由膜分离设备对生物反应池内的混合液进行固液分 离, 得到第一透过液, 将第一透过液作为系统最终处理出水;
d )待机工序: 生物反应池内停止曝气;
e) 富磷水排放工序: 生物反应池内保持厌氧状态, 由膜分离设备对生物 反应池内的混合液进行固液分离,得到第二透过液,第二透过液进入与生物反 应池相独立设置的碑回收单元内部,碑回收单元使碑从水中脱除,第二透过液 由富磷水变成低磷水, 低碑水回流至生物反应池内;
此污水处理工艺按照上述步骤周期运行。
优选地, 将步骤 b)和步骤 c)合并为一个反应排水工序: 生物反应池内既 进水又排水, 间歇地进行曝气。
优选地, 将步骤 a)、 步骤 b)和步骤 c)合并为一个进水反应排水工序: 生 物反应池内既进水又排水, 间歇地进行曝气。
优选地, 在步骤 a)之前, 对原水进行预处理。
优选地, 所述生物反应池内的污泥浓度为 2~20g/L, 更优选为 4 ~ 15g/L, 最优选为 8 ~ 12g/L。
优选地, 在步骤 b) 〜步骤 e) 中均有原水进入生物反应池。
优选地, 在步骤 d)和步骤 e)中进入生物反应池的原水水量占每一个运行 周期内注入生物反应池的总原水水量的比例为 1 ~ 40%, 优选为 5 ~ 20%。
优选地, 在步骤 c)或者步骤 e)为降水位操作。
优选地, 在步骤 a )、 步骤 b )或者步骤 c ) 中采用氧气浓度达到 25%以上的 富氧气作为曝气介质。
优选地, 在步骤 e ) 中采用氮气浓度达到 95%以上的纯氮气作为曝气介质。 本发明还提供一种污水处理系统, 包括生物反应池、膜分离设备、磷回收 单元和曝气设备,所述曝气设备在生物反应池内,生物反应池与膜分离设备连 通, 膜分离设备的出水口与第一输水管路和第二输水管路 连通, 所述第一输 水管路和第二输水管路上均有阀门,所述碑回收单元与第二输水管路和生物反 应池连通, 所述生物反应池内有搅拌设备。
优选地, 污水处理系统还包括空气分离设备。
优选地, 污水处理系统还包括预处理装置, 所述预处理装置包括格栅、 筛 网、 毛发聚集器、 沉砂池、 初沉池、 调节池、 pH调整设备、 离子交换设备、 吸 附设备、 混凝沉淀设备、 气浮设备、 水解酸化设备、 升流式厌氧污泥床、 颗粒 状厌氧污泥膨胀床、 内循环反应器、 常温催化氧化设备、 高温催化氧化设备、 光催化氧化设备、 高温湿式氧化设备、 电解设备、 微波设备中的至少一种。
优选地, 污水处理系统还包括后处理装置,所述后处理装置包括氯化消毒 设备、 紫外线消毒设备、 臭氧设备、曝气生物滤池、人工湿地、土壤渗滤系统、 稳定塘、 水生植物净化塘、 吸附设备、 混凝沉淀设备、 絮凝过滤设备、 活性炭 设备、 离子交换设备、 超滤设备、 纳滤设备、 反渗透设备、 电渗析设备、 电除 盐设备中的至少一种。
优选地, 污水处理系统同时包括所述的预处理装置和后处理装置。
本发明与现有技术相比,通过膜分离设备可以对生物反应池内混合液进行 彻底的固液分离, 可以较为灵活地对污泥龄进行控制, 不像现有技术采用重力 沉淀实现固液分离, 在长污泥龄的情况下容易因污泥浓度高、 污泥界面高、 污 泥沉降性能变差而降低构筑物的空间利用率甚至恶化出水水质,这样可以最大 限度地提高生物反应池内的污泥浓度,由此可以最大限度地提高生物脱氮效果 以及聚碑菌的释碑总量及吸碑总量,使系统可以真正实现在不排除剩余活性污 泥的情况下实现对磷的高效去除, 不但使系统获得了更好的脱氮除碑效果, 而 且大幅降低了剩余活性污泥的产量, 节省了污泥处理处置费用。
同时,通过膜分离设备对生物反应池内混合液进行彻底的固液分离,将好
氧和缺氧阶段的透过液作为系统最终出水, 出水悬浮物接近于零, 避免了现有 技术中采用滗水器等表层撇水设备撇除沉淀后的上清液所普遍面临的出水悬 浮物较高的现象,消除了出水中的悬浮物所携带的磷即足以使得污水处理系统 出水总磷浓度超标的问题。
另夕卜,通过膜分离设备对生物反应池内混合液进行彻底的固液分离, 可以 将厌氧阶段聚碑菌释碑所形成的富磷水尽最大可能地从系统中排除,而且膜分 离所形成的透过液悬浮物接近于零,消除了现有技术中采用混凝沉淀池作为磷 回收单元时普遍存在的悬浮物干扰碑沉淀的问题, 节省了除碑药剂的用量, 降 低了化学污泥的产量,提高了磷沉淀物中磷的含量, 为磷资源的回收利用创造 了更为有利的条件。
还有,本发明在单一的生物反应池内部从时间序列上顺次经历好氧、缺氧、 厌氧环境, 实现了碳、 氮、磷的同步高效去除,使系统在流程上变得十分筒洁, 与现有技术的 ERP-SBR系统相比省去了厌氧释碑池, 与 BCFS系统相比省去了四 个反应器和几乎全部的循环系统。因此,在具有同样的脱氮除碑能力的前提下, 本发明的污水处理系统的占地面积更小,基建投资和运行成本更低, 管理维护 也更为筒单。 附图说明
图 1
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图 4
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图 6为本发明的实施例 1所述的污水处理工艺及系统的工艺运行过程示意 图。
图 7为本发明的实施例 2所述的污水处理工艺及系统的工艺运行过程示意 图。
图 8为本发明的实施例 3所述的污水处理工艺及系统的工艺运行过程示意 图。
附图中各个标记的说明:
1 生物反应池; 2 膜分离设备 3 曝气设备; 4 搅拌设备; 5 磷回收单元; 6 抽吸泵; 7—― 几; 8—―第一输水管路控制阀门; 9— 第二输水管路控制阀门; 1 0——循环泵; 1 1——第一输水管路; 12 第二 输 7管路; 13 月莫滤池; 14—― SBR ^I器; 15―" ^舞厌 也; 16——磷沉淀 池; 17——滗水设备; 18——磷混合反应池; 19——厌氧池; 20——缺氧池; 21 ——好氧池(曝气池); 22——二次沉淀池; 23——接触池; 24 '; ¾^池; 25——料液供给管; 26——料液回流管; 27——生物反应池供气控制阀门; 28 膜滤池供气控制阀门。 具体实施方式
下面对上述技术方案进行详细的阐述和说明 ,并且对于其他涉及的技术细 节进行详细的阐述和说明:
一种污水处理工艺, 包括如下步骤, 并按一定的运行周期顺次循环执行:
( 1 )进水工序: 原水进入生物反应池至预定的时间或者液位;
在原水流入生物反应池的过程中 ,生物反应池内可以只进行曝气或者只进 行搅拌, 也可以交替进行曝气和搅拌, 也可以既不进行曝气也不进行搅拌;
( 2 )反应工序: 生物反应池内间歇地进行曝气和搅拌;
生物反应池内间歇地进行曝气和搅拌, 可以使得污水与微生物相接触, 污 水中的各类污染物被微生物所吸收、 分解或者转化。 在曝气阶段, 生物反应池 内为好氧状态, 主要发生有机物氧化反应、 好氧硝化作用、 同时硝化反硝化作 用以及聚磷菌吸磷过程。 在搅拌阶段, 生物反应池内为缺氧状态, 主要发生缺 氧反硝化作用。
( 3 )处理水排放工序: 由膜分离设备对生物反应池内的混合液进行固液 分离, 得到第一透过液, 将第一透过液作为系统最终处理出水;
当反应工序持续一定时间后,生物反应池内的混合液被膜分离设备所过滤 分离, 水及部分小分子物质透过膜成为系统出水, 微生物、 大分子物质以及无 机颗粒均被膜截留在生物反应池内部。在处理水排放的过程中, 生物反应池内 可以进行曝气或搅拌,也可以交替进行曝气和搅拌,也可以既不进行曝气也不 进行搅拌,换言之, 处理水排放工序可以包含在反应工序内部的任意时段或全 部时段内连续或间歇进行, 也可以在反应工序结束后再进行。
( 4 )待机工序: 生物反应池内停止曝气;
曝气停止后, 可以进行连续或间歇的搅拌, 也可以不进行搅拌, 生物反应 池内逐渐由好氧或缺氧状态进入厌氧状态, 开始发生聚碑菌厌氧释碑过程。在 待机工序中, 生物反应池内不再进入原水, 或者只进入少量原水, 但初始阶段 可以继续通过膜分离设备排放处理水,直至处理水中 TP浓度接近或达到排放限 值时停止。
( 5 ) 富磷水排放工序: 生物反应池内保持厌氧状态, 由膜分离设备对生 物反应池内的混合液进行固液分离,得到第二透过液, 第二透过液进入与生物 反应池相独立设置的磷回收单元内部,磷回收单元使碑以沉淀物或结晶体等形 式得以从水中脱除, 第二透过液由富磷水变成低磷水,低磷水回流至生物反应 池内。
当待机工序持续到生物反应池内完全处于厌氧状态并且聚磷菌厌氧释碑 过程进行到一定程度时, 富磷水排放工序开始启动。生物反应池内的混合液被 膜分离设备所过滤分离,微生物、 大分子物质以及无机颗粒均被膜截留在生物 反应池内部, 水、 部分小分子物质以及碑酸盐透过膜形成第二透过液, 第二透 过液被引入到与生物反应池相独立设置的磷回收单元内部,磷回收单元使碑以 沉淀物或结晶体等形式得以从水中脱除, 第二透过液则由富磷水变为低碑水, 碑回收单元的出水重新回流至生物反应池。
在所述的进水工序内, 生物反应池的混合液既可以一直处于厌氧状态、缺 氧状态或好氧状态,也可以从厌氧状态逐渐转变为缺氧状态或者再进一步转变 为好氧状态,也可以处于好氧状态和缺氧状态相共存或交替的状态; 在所述的
反应工序和处理水排放工序内, 生物反应池的混合液既可以一直处于好氧状 态,也可以处于好氧状态和缺氧状态相共存或交替的状态; 在所述的待机工序 内, 生物反应池的混合液逐渐从缺氧状态转变为厌氧状态; 在所述的富磷水排 放工序内, 生物反应池一直处于厌氧状态。
当上述五个基本过程按一定的运行周期顺次循环执行时,所述生物反应池 内的混合液中的活性微生物, 在时间序列上顺次经历好氧、 缺氧、 厌氧交替循 环的环境。 在好氧状态时, 异养微生物逐步降解含碳有机物, 硝化菌将氨氮氧 化成硝酸盐, 聚磷菌进行好氧吸磷过程; 在缺氧状态时, 反硝化菌将硝酸盐还 原为氮气从水中逸出, 完成对总氮的去除; 在厌氧状态时, 聚碑菌进行厌氧释 磷过程。 但与厌氧 -缺氧 -好氧(A7O )、 传统 SBR以及二者各自的变型工艺等常 规生物脱氮除碑工艺不同的是,本发明不再通过排除好氧区或者好氧期末的富 磷污泥的方式将磷元素从水中去除,而是通过排除厌氧阶段形成的富磷上清液 的方式实现磷元素的去除或回收,这样从根本上解决了常规生物脱氮除碑工艺 为了同时实现生物脱氮和生物除磷而在污泥龄(生物固体停留时间, SRT )控 制上存在的矛盾。另外,与荷兰 Def t理工大学的 BCFS工艺和重庆大学的 ERP-SBR 工艺不同的是, 本发明中活性微生物与水的分离不再依靠重力沉淀的方式, 而 是通过膜分离设备的高效过滤分离作用,这样不但使活性微生物与水彻底相分 离,省去了生物反应池之外所有的混合液或者污泥外循环系统, 实现了在单一 生物反应池内对碳、 氮、 磷的高效去除, 而且很好的解决了前文所述 ERP-SBR 工艺所面临的三个方面的问题: ( 1 )系统运行不再需要顾虑长污泥龄下污泥界 面升高、充水比随之降低的问题, 高效的膜分离过程不但使得污泥龄的控制更 为灵活, 最大程度的发挥生物反应池的空间利用率, 而且可以使系统获得超长 的污泥龄(可长达 60天甚至 90 ~ 300天),从而最大程度的降低剩余活性污泥的 产量, 节省污泥处理处置费用。尽管在长污泥龄的情况下生物反应池内的污泥 浓度可能是常规生物脱氮除碑工艺以及 BCFS工艺、 ERP-SBR工艺 3 ~ 4 g/L的 2 ~ 5 倍, 即高达 6 ~ 15 g/L , 但由于采用膜分离过程实现固液分离, 因此即便污泥界 面较高, 系统仍然可以较为顺利地实现处理水排放工序; (2 )膜的高效截留性 能使处理水排放工序中获得的系统最终出水的悬浮物(SS )几近于零, 这样避 免了出水悬浮物携带的颗粒态磷含量即足以使得系统 TP指标超标的问题; ( 3 )
当厌氧释碑过程完成后, 仍然通过高效的膜分离过程彻底实现固液分离, 不但 可以最大程度的将获得的富磷上清液从生物反应池中排除,而且可以尽最大可 能提高富磷上清液的磷浓度,换言之, 这样可以尽最大可能将原水中的磷转移 到富磷上清液, 并尽可能的降低外排富磷上清液的总量, 同时, 由于膜分离所 形成的透过液悬浮物接近于零,因此也消除了现有技术中采用混凝沉淀池作为 磷回收单元时普遍存在的悬浮物干扰碑沉淀的问题, 节省了除磷药剂的用量, 降低了化学污泥的产量,提高了磷沉淀物中磷的含量, 为磷资源的回收利用创 造了更为有利的条件。
作为上述一种污水处理工艺的进一步改进 ,可以在所述的反应工序和处理 水排放工序之间增加一个工序, 即沉淀工序。 在所述沉淀工序内, 生物反应池 内既不进水也不排水, 既不曝气也不搅拌,微生物依靠重力作用逐渐沉淀至生 物反应池底部。在随后的处理水排放工序中,被膜分离设备所过滤分离的液体 主要是位于生物反应池上部的上清液, 整个处理水排放工序为降水位操作, 直 至生物反应池内的液位降至沉淀工序末形成的污泥界面附近时停止。在随后的 待机工序和富磷水排放工序中, 生物反应池内不再进入原水,或者只进入少量 原水,但待机工序的初始阶段可以继续通过膜分离设备排放处理水, 直至处理 水中 TP浓度接近或达到排放限值时停止。 当然, 也可以取消待机工序, 直接进 行富磷水排放工序, 此时亦可以理解为待机工序与沉淀工序完全相重合。 当生 物反应池内的污泥浓度未达到较高值时(如当 MLSS为 4 ~ 6g/L时), 沉淀后形成 设备所过滤分离的料液不再是含有大量活性微生物的混合液,而是只含有部分 悬浮物的上清液, 这样可以适当延緩膜分离设备内部膜污染 (membrane foul ing ) 的发展, 使其保持良好的过滤性能, 延迟进行在线或者离线的清洗 操作。
作为上述一种污水处理工艺的另一种进一步改进,可以将所述的反应工序 和处理水排放工序合并为一个工序,即反应排水工序。在所述反应排水工序内, 被膜分离设备所过滤分离的液体始终是生物反应池内的混合液,所获得的第一 透过液作为系统最终处理出水, 生物反应池内交替进行曝气和搅拌, 可以既进 水又排水, 也可以只排水不进水, 进水或排水方式可以是连续的, 也可以是间
歇的。 在随后的待机工序和富磷水排放工序中, 生物反应池内不再进入原水, 或者只进入少量原水,但待机工序的初始阶段可以继续通过膜分离设备排放处 理水, 直至处理水中 TP浓度接近或达到排放限值时停止。
作为上述一种污水处理工艺的另一种进一步改进, 可以将所述的进水工 序、反应工序和处理水排放工序合并为一个工序, 即进水反应排水工序。 在所 述进水反应排水工序内,被膜分离设备所过滤分离的液体始终是生物反应池内 的混合液, 所获得的第一透过液作为系统最终处理出水, 生物反应池内交替进 行曝气和搅拌, 既进水又排水, 进水或排水方式可以是连续的, 也可以是间歇 的。 在随后的待机工序和富磷水排放工序中, 生物反应池内不再进入原水, 或 者只进入少量原水,但待机工序的初始阶段可以继续通过膜分离设备排放处理 水, 直至处理水中 TP浓度接近或达到排放限值时停止。
当所述生物反应池内的混合液处于所述好氧状态时, 其液相主流区的 DO 值一般不小于 1. Omg/L, 优选不小于 1.5mg/L, 更优选 2.0 ~ 3. Omg/L; 0RP (氧 化还原电位)值一般不低于 +100mV, 优选 +180 ~+600mV; 温度一般为 4~45°C (摄氏度),优选 15 - 30°C; pH值一般为 6.0-9.0,优选 6.5 ~ 8.5,更优选 7.0 ~ 8.00
当所述生物反应池内的混合液处于所述缺氧状态时, 其液相主流区的 DO 值一般不高于 1. Omg/L, 优选不高于 0.5mg/L, 更优选 0.2 ~ 0.4mg/L; 0RP值一 般不高于 _50mV, 优选- 100~_50mV; 温度一般为 4~45°C, 优选 15~ 30°C; pH 值一般为 6.0 ~ 9.0, 优选 6.0-8.0, 更优选 7.0-7.5; 生物反应池进水的 B0D5 与 TKN的比值一般不小于 2.5, 优选不小于 3.5, 更优选不小于 5。
当所述生物反应池内的混合液处于所述厌氧状态时, 其液相主流区的 DO 值一般不大于 0.5mg/L, 优选不高于 0.2mg/L, 更优选 0 ~ 0. lmg/L; 0RP值一般 不高于 - 200mV, 优选- 350 ~- 200mV; 温度一般为 4~45°C, 优选 15~ 30°C; pH 值一般为 6.0 ~ 9.0, 优选 6.5 ~ 8.5, 更优选 7.5 ~ 8.0; 生物反应池进水的 B0D5 与 TP的比值一般不小于 10, 优选不小于 20, 更优选不小于 25。
所述进水工序持续的时间一般为 0.2 ~ 4小时,优选 0.5 ~ 2小时; 所述反应 工序持续的时间一般为 1 ~ 24小时,优选 2 ~ 12小时; 所述处理水排放工序持续 的时间一般为 0.2 ~ 12小时, 优选 0.5 ~ 8小时; 所述待机工序持续的时间一般
为 0. 2 ~ 4小时,优选 0. 5 ~ 2小时;所述富磷水排放工序持续的时间一般为 0. 2 ~ 4小时, 优选 0. 5 ~ 2小时。 当在所述的反应工序和处理水排放工序之间增加所 述沉淀工序时, 其持续的时间一般为 0. 2 ~ 4小时, 优选 0. 5 ~ 2小时。 当所述反 应工序和处理水排放工序合并为反应排水工序时, 其持续的时间一般为 1 ~ 24 小时, 优选 2 ~ 12小时。 当所述进水工序、 反应工序和处理水排放工序合并为 进水反应排水工序时, 其持续的时间一般为 1 ~ 24小时, 优选 2 ~ 12小时。 所述 运行周期一般为 3 ~ 48小时, 优选 4 ~ 12小时。
所述污水处理工艺可以以固定周期运行,也可以以可变周期运行。 当工程 中安装有能够在线连续监测原水、生物反应池内的混合液以及处理水、 富磷水 中的有机物、 氮、磷等目标污染物的含量时, 可以通过自动控制系统实时采集 由自动控制系统向执行机构发出指令予以实施。作为优选, 所述污水处理工艺 通过动态监测原水、 生物反应池内的混合液以及处理水、 富磷水中的有机物、 氮、磷等目标污染物的变化情况的可变周期进行实施。这样可以使得整个污水 处理系统的能量和药剂消耗量达到最小的程度。
原水在被注入生物反应池时, 可以是连续的, 也可以是间歇的。 在每一个 运行周期内,可以只在进水工序时向生物反应池内注入原水 ,也可以既在进水 工序又在其他工序(除沉淀工序外)内注入原水。 作为优选, 在进水工序和其 他工序(除沉淀工序外)内均向生物反应池内注入原水。 这样在好氧状态、 缺 氧状态、厌氧状态时生物反应池内均有原水注入,避免了传统生物脱氮除碑系 统中普遍存在的缺氧反硝化过程和厌氧释碑过程对碳源有机物的竟争,可以在 生物脱氮过程和生物除磷过程之间更好地分配碳源有机物,达到更好的脱氮除 磷效果。在待机工序和富磷水排放工序内向生物反应池内注入的原水水量占每 一个运行周期内注入生物反应池的总原水水量的比例为 1 ~ 40% , 优选 5 ~ 20%。
在所述处理水排放工序、反应排水工序和富磷水排放工序内,可以使原水 在任一时段或全部时段内连续或间歇进入生物反应池,换言之,处理水排放工 序、反应排水工序和富磷水排放工序既可以为恒水位操作,也可以为降水位操 作。 当处理水排放工序或反应排水工序为降水位操作时,在随后的待机工序内 可以使原水在任一时段或全部时段内连续或间歇进入生物反应池,也可以不再
继续进入原水。 当处理水排放工序或反应排水工序为恒水位操作时,在随后的 待机工序内生物反应池内不再继续进入原水。作为优选,所述处理水排放工序 和反应排水工序均为降水位操作, 即随着持续时间的延长,生物反应池内的水 位逐渐降低。这样在随后的待机工序和富磷水排放工序中即便向生物反应池内 继续注入少量原水,生物反应池内的水位仍然可以控制在较低的水平, 由此可 以提高富磷上清液中磷的浓度, 降低排入碑回收单元的富磷污水的总量,节省 相关药剂的用量。
按照生物反应池内微生物的生长类型 ,所述生物反应池可以为悬浮生长型 的活性污泥反应器,也可以为附着生长型的生物膜反应器,也可以为既有悬浮 生长型的活性污泥又有附着生长型的生物膜的复合反应器。作为优选,所述生 物反应池为悬浮生长型的活性污泥反应器。按照反应器内的物料流态,所述生 物反应池可以为推流反应器,也可以为完全混合反应器,也可以采用类似于氧 化沟( Ox i da t ion Di t ch )那样既有推流流态又有完全混合流态的反应器设计。
所述生物反应池的曝气方式可以为连续式, 也可以为间歇式或脉冲式。 当生物反应池处于好氧状态、缺氧状态或者好氧状态和缺氧状态相共存或 交替时, 所述生物反应池内的曝气介质可以是压缩空气, 也可以是氧气体积浓 度不低于 25%的富氧气; 当所述生物反应池处于厌氧状态时, 所述生物反应池 内可以只进行搅拌, 也可以采用氮气体积浓度不低于 95%的纯氮气作为介质进 行曝气。 作为优选, 当生物反应池处于好氧状态、 缺氧状态或者好氧状态和缺 氧状态相共存或交替时,采用氧气体积浓度不低于 25%的富氧气作为曝气介质, 更优选采用氧气体积浓度不低于 90%的纯氧气作为曝气介质; 当所述生物反应 池处于厌氧状态时, 采用氮气体积浓度不低于 95%的纯氮气作为曝气介质, 更 优选采用氮气体积浓度不低于 99%的纯氮气作为曝气介质。 这样不管膜分离设 备执行处理水排放工序,还是执行富磷水排放工序,都可以利用曝气所形成的 气水二相流在膜分离设备的过滤单元表面进行错流( cros s f low )流动, 由此 形成的水力剪切力能够有效抑制污染物在过滤单元表面沉积,避免过滤阻力增 大而发生严重的膜污染现象,使得膜分离设备始终保持较好的过滤性能。同时, 在生物反应池处于厌氧状态时以纯氮气作为曝气介质可以不破坏生物反应池 内部的厌氧环境,保证富磷水排放工序的顺利进行; 在生物反应池处于好氧状
态、缺氧状态或者好氧状态和缺氧状态相共存或交替时以富氧气或者纯氧气作 为曝气介质, 氧转移效率更高, 不但可以使生物反应池中保持较高的污泥浓度 和污泥活性,改善污泥沉降性能,降低剩余活性污泥产量,促进硝化菌的生长, 而且可以进一步节约电耗。 另外, 纯氮气和富氧气(纯氧气)均可以由空气制 备, 而且制备技术较为成熟, 制备成本也较为低廉。 利用空气分离设备分离得 到氧气和氮气是比较常见的技术。所述空气分离设备可以采用低温空分法,也 可以采用变压吸附法(Pres sure Swing Adsorpt ion, PSA ), 月莫分离空分法等 常温空分方法,也可以采用空分领域已知的其它各类方法。 空气分离设备筒称 空分设备。
所述生物反应池内的 MLSS (污泥浓度)一般为 2 ~ 20g/L , 优选 4 ~ 15g/L, 更优选 8 ~ 12g/L。
本发明还提供一种污水处理系统, 包括生物反应池、 膜分离设备、磷回收 单元和曝气设备, 所述曝气设备在生物反应池内, 生物反应池与膜分离设备连 通,膜分离设备的出水口与第一输水管路和第二输水管路连通, 所述第一输水 管路和第二输水管路上均有阀门,所述碑回收单元与第二输水管路和生物反应 池连通, 所述生物反应池内有搅拌设备。
所述膜分离设备具有一个或者一个以上的过滤单元。所述过滤单元是指具 有过滤作用的组件, 可以是中空纤维束式膜组件、 中空纤维帘式膜组件、 板框 式平板膜组件、毛细管式膜组件、 管式膜组件以及微孔过滤管等水处理领域可 以用到的各类过滤单元。
执行处理水排放工序阶段固液分离的膜分离设备与执行富磷水排放工序 阶段固液分离的膜分离设备可以为同一套设备,也可以其中一个是另一个的一 部分, 也可以是两套相独立的设备。 作为优选, 由同一套膜分离设备来执行处 理水排放工序阶段和富磷水排放工序阶段的固液分离。
所述膜分离设备可以设置于生物反应池内部浸没安装于液面以下,即与生 物反应池组成所谓内置式膜生物反应器( submerged MBR ), 也可以独立设置于 生物反应池外部,即与生物反应池组成所谓外置式膜生物反应器( s ide s t ream MBR )。 作为优选, 所述膜分离设备独立设置于生物反应池外部。 这样更便于膜 分离设备的安装、 检修和在线清洗。
所述膜分离设备在执行处理水排放工序时的膜通量(即膜分离设备正常工 作时单位表面上单位时间内的透过液流量)与在执行富磷水排放工序时的膜通 量可以相同也可以不相同。考虑到膜分离设备在执行富磷水排放工序时生物反 应池内应保持厌氧状态,即便以纯氮气作为曝气介质进行曝气既可以不破坏厌 氧状态,也可以利用气水二相流的错流流动作为膜污染的抑制手段,但曝气所 形成的水面扰动仍然可能造成一定程度的大气复氧,故曝气强度应控制在较低 的水平。 因此, 作为优选, 所述膜分离设备在执行富磷水排放工序时的膜通量 低于其在执行处理水排放工序时的膜通量。这样有利于使膜分离设备保持较好 的过滤性能。
所述碑回收单元可以使得磷从水中脱除,其除碑方式可以采用沉淀、吸附、 结晶等水处理领域已知的各种工艺, 例如, 可以为混凝沉淀池(或混凝沉淀设 备), 也可以为吸附池(或吸附设备), 也可以是其他能够从水溶液中将磷酸盐 沉淀分离、吸附分离或结晶析出的反应单元。所采用的混凝剂或者吸附剂可以 是 4弓 (Ca )、 铝 (Al )、 铁(Fe )、 镁(Mg )或其他金属阳离子所形成的无机盐 或聚合物,或者是上述一种或两种以上化学药剂的混合物。不论采用何种除碑 方式,只要能够实现将第二透过液由富磷水变为低碑水即可。 由于磷回收单元 的进水是膜分离设备的第二透过液, 悬浮物接近于零, 因此消除了现有技术中 采用混凝沉淀池作为磷回收单元时普遍存在的悬浮物干扰碑沉淀的问题,不但 节省了除磷药剂的用量, 降低了化学污泥的产量, 而且提高了磷沉淀物中磷的 含量, 为磷资源的回收利用创造了更为有利的条件。
在所述污水处理系统的前段可以设有预处理装置,这里的预处理装置指的 是,原水进入生物反应池之前可以对原水进行处理的装置。所述预处理装置可 以由格栅、 筛网、 毛发聚集器、 沉砂池、 初沉池、 调节池、 隔油池、 pH调整设 备、 离子交换设备、 吸附设备、 混凝沉淀设备、 气浮设备、 厌氧反应设备(包 括但不限于水解酸化、 升流式厌氧污泥床、 颗粒状厌氧污泥膨胀床、 内循环反 应器等)、 高级氧化设备(包括但不限于常温催化氧化、 高温催化氧化、 光催 化氧化、 高温湿式氧化等)、 电解设备、 微波设备之中的任何一个或两个以上 构成, 用以除去污水中的大块漂浮物、 悬浮物、 长纤维物质、 泥砂、 油脂、 对 微生物有害的重金属以及微生物难以降解的有机污染物,使预处理后的水温保
持在 1 0-40 °C之间, PH值保持在 6-9之间, B0D5 (五日生化需氧量) 与 COD (化 学需氧量) 的比值保持在 0. 3以上。 预处理后的污水进入生物反应池。
在所述污水处理系统的后段可以设有后处理装置,这里的后处理装置指的 是, 可以对第一透过液进行进一步处理的装置。所述后处理装置可以由氯化消 毒设备(消毒剂包括但不限于氯气、 次氯酸钠、 二氧化氯等)、 紫外线消毒设 备、 臭氧设备、 曝气生物滤池、 人工湿地、 土壤渗滤系统、 稳定塘、 水生植物 净化塘、 吸附设备、 混凝沉淀设备、 絮凝过滤设备、 活性炭设备(活性炭为颗 粒状或粉末状, 曝气或不曝气)、 离子交换设备、 超滤设备、 纳滤设备、 反渗 透设备、 电渗析设备、 电除盐设备之中的任何一个或两个以上构成, 用以对第 一透过液进行进一步的消毒、脱色,或者进一步去除第一透过液中仍然残留的 有机物和无机盐。 后处理后的第一透过液进入产水收集装置。
优选地,在所述污水处理装置的前段和后段可以同时设有所述的预处理装 置和后处理装置。
在所述的污水处理系统中可以增设 DO或 0RP等测定仪, 用以在线连续自 动监测生物反应池内混合液的实时 DO或 0RP值, 并以此来动态调整所述曝气 设备输出的气量,这样可以进一步节省能耗,并且更好调控生物反应池内的环 境条件,使其能够在好氧状态、缺氧状态、厌氧状态之间顺利实现切换和交替。
在所述的污水处理系统中可以增设 C0D、 BOD , T0C (总有机碳)、丽 4+-N (氨 氮)、 02"-N (亚硝酸盐氮)、 03"-N (硝酸盐氮)、 TKN (总凯氏氮)、 TN (总氮)、 磷酸盐、 TP (总磷)等水质指标的测定仪, 用以在线连续自动监测原水、 生物 反应池内的混合液以及处理水、 富碑水中的上述水质指标,并以此来动态调整 件,这样既可以确保处理水的各项水质指标稳定符合相应排放限值的要求, 又 可以将整个系统的能量及药剂消耗量降至最低。
上述阐述的本发明的污水处理系统的原理和变化,同样适用于本发明提供 的污水处理工艺,也可以说本发明的污水处理工艺和污水处理系统是相辅相成 的, 两者配合使用相得益彰, 能够获得较好的污水处理效果。
下面结合附图和实施例, 对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。
实施例 1 如图 4a所示, 一种污水处理系统, 包括生物反应池 1 , 安装在生物反应 池 1之内的膜分离设备 2、 曝气设备 3和搅拌设备 4 , 设置于生物反应池 1之 外的磷回收单元 5 , 吸水口与膜分离设备 2的出水口相连通的抽吸泵 6 , 出气 口与曝气设备 3的进气口相连通的鼓风机 7。 与抽吸泵 6的出水口相连的管路 分出两个支路, 即第一输水管路 11和第二输水管路 12 , 其中第一输水管路 11 与产水收集装置相连, 第二输水管路 12与磷回收单元 5的进水口相连, 磷回 收单元 5的出水口则通过管路与生物反应池 1相连。 第一输水管路 11和第二 输水管路 12上分别安装有一个电动阀门, 即第一输水管路控制阀门 8和第二 输水管路控制阀门 9。
生物反应池 1的内部净尺寸为 10m (米)(宽) x 25m (长) x 5. 6m (深), 有效水深为 5m, 有效容积为 1250m3。 产水贮存池 5的内部净尺寸为 5m (宽) X 20m (长) X 5. 6m (深), 有效水深为 5m, 有效容积为 500m3。
膜分离设备 2共有 50个, 分 2排放置, 每排 25个, 每个膜分离设备 2 的外形尺寸均为 1000mm (毫米)(长) χ 1000mm (宽) χ 2000mm (高), 每个 膜分离设备 2内部集成的过滤单元为中空纤维帘式膜组件, 共 20片, 每片中 空纤维帘式膜组件均由 598 根中空纤维膜丝组成, 中空纤维膜丝的外径为 2. 8mm, 平均膜孔径为 0. 4 μ πι (微米), 材质为聚偏氟乙烯, 上端可以自由摆 动, 每根膜丝均呈闭孔状态, 利用柔性环氧树脂封结, 下端用环氧树脂浇铸汇 集于端头之中, 并且用聚氨酯对其进行二次浇铸, 以对膜丝根部进行保护。 端 头外部设有外径为 Φ 10mm的产水管,所有产水管均并联至每一个膜分离设备 2 的集水支管,各个膜分离设备 2的集水支管均并联至集水总管, 集水总管与抽 吸泵 6的吸水口相连通。
抽吸泵 6共 4台, 3用 1备, 每台的流量为 100m7h (立方米 /小时), 扬 程为 32m, 吸程为 8m, 功率为 15kW (千瓦)。 鼓风机 7共 3台, 2用 1备, 每 台风量为 20. 87m3/min (立方米 /分钟), 风压为 58. 8kPa (千帕), 转速为 1400r/min (转 /分), 功率为 37kW。 磷回收单元采用絮凝沉淀反应器, 由折板 絮凝池和同向流斜板沉淀池两部分组成, 其中折板絮凝池有效容积为 30m3, 水 力停留时间为 6 ~ 18min, 同向流斜板沉淀池水力表面负荷为 30m3/ (m2 . h) , 斜
板间距 35mm。
当原水为一般的城市污水时, 其主要水质指标为: pH=6 ~ 9, CODCr = 400 ~ 500mg/L, B0D5 = 200 - 300mg/L, SS = 100 - 300mg/L, 氨氮 =20 ~ 60mg/L, TN = 20 ~ 80mg/L, TP = 2 ~ 8mg/L。在本发明的污水处理系统的前段可以沿水流方向 设置如下的预处理装置: 闸门井、 粗格栅、 集水池、 细格栅和沉砂池。 其中粗 格栅选用过水能力为 1200m3/h、 栅条间隙为 20匪 的回转式格栅除污机, 集水 池有效容积为 100m3, 内设 3台 ( 2用 1备) 流量为 600m3/h、 扬程为 12m、 功 率为 37kW的潜水排污泵, 细格栅选用过水能力为 1200m7h、 栅条间隙为 5匪 的旋转式格栅除污机, 沉砂池选用 2套处理量为 600m3/h的旋流沉砂器, 配套 1台螺旋式砂水分离器。
针对前述类型的原水, 本发明的污水处理系统可以达到的日处理规模为
5000m7d,生物反应池 1的水力停留时间约为 6小时, MLSS (污泥浓度)为 5 ~ 8g/L (克 /升), 容积负荷为 0.8 ~ 1.2kg-BOD/ (m3 - d"1) , 污泥负荷为 0.1 - 0.24 kg- BOD/ ( kg- MLSS · d— 1 ), 产水贮存池 5的水力停留时间约为 2.4小时。
如图 5a、 图 6所示, 本发明的污水处理系统运行时, 按照进水、 反应、 处理水排放、 待机、 富磷水排放五步工序运行, 其中进水工序的时间为 0.5h, 反应工序的时间为 1.5h, 处理水排放工序的时间为 3h, 待机工序的时间为 0.5h, 富磷水排放工序的时间为 0.5h, 总的运行周期为 6h。 当系统处于进水 工序、反应工序和处理水排放工序时, 鼓风机 7均为间歇式运行, 提供的是氧 气体积浓度为 25%的富氧气, 并且每运行 20min后即停止 lOmin, 在鼓风机 7 停止运行期间搅拌设备 4启动运行以完成生物反应池 1内的料液混合,在鼓风 机 7 启动运行后搅拌设备 4 即停止运行。 当系统处于待机工序时, 鼓风机 7 停止运行。 当系统处于富磷水排放工序时, 鼓风机 7为连续式运行, 提供的是 氮气体积浓度为 95%的纯氮气。 当系统处于待机工序、 富磷水排放工序时, 搅 拌设备 4均连续运行。 当系统处于进水工序时, 进水流量为 1000m7h, 至进水 工序结束时, 进入生物反应池 1的总污水量为 500m3, 同时, 从碑回收单元 5 回流至生物反应池 1 内的低磷水总量为 150m3, 则在进水工序内进入生物反应 池 1的总水量为 650m3, 生物反应池 1 内的水深由 2.4m升至 5.0m。 随后系统 进入反应工序,在反应工序内生物反应池 1停止进入污水, 进行间歇的曝气和
搅拌。 在随后的处理水排放工序内, 抽吸泵 6开始启动运行, 第一输水管路控 制阀门 8也同步开启, 第二输水管路控制阀门 9则处于关闭状态, 在抽吸泵 6 提供的负压的作用下,膜分离设备 2对生物反应池 1内的混合液进行固液分离, 获得第一透过液, 第一透过液经由第一输水管路 11流入产水收集装置。 在处 理水排放工序内生物反应池 1连续式地进入污水, 进水流量为 200m3/h, 总污 水量为 600m3, 抽吸泵的平均工作流量为 416. 67m3/h, 从生物反应池 1中排出 的第一透过液即系统最终处理出水总量为 1250m3, 至处理水排放工序结束时, 生物反应池 1内的水深由 5. Om降至 1. 4m。 在随后的待机工序中, 生物反应池 1既不进水也不排水, 停止曝气, 进行连续的搅拌, 生物反应池 1内逐步进入 厌氧状态。 在接下来的富磷水排放工序内生物反应池 1以 300m7h的进水流量 连续式地进入污水, 继续进行连续的搅拌, 抽吸泵 6则以 300m7h的平均工作 流量再次启动运行, 第二输水管路控制阀门 9也同步开启, 第一输水管路控制 阀门 8则处于关闭状态, 在抽吸泵 6提供的负压的作用下,膜分离设备 2对生 物反应池 1内的混合液进行固液分离, 获得第二透过液, 第二透过液经由第二 输水管路 12流入碑回收单元 5。 在磷回收单元 5 内部经过混凝反应池和斜板 沉淀池后, 第二透过液中的 TP浓度由 25mg/L降为 lmg/L。 在富磷水排放工序 内生物反应池 1内的水深保持为 2. ½, 进入的总污水量为 150m3, 共获得总量 为 150m3的第二透过液, 共有约 3. 6kg的碑被碑回收单元 5以碑化学沉淀物的 形式从系统中脱除。 至此, 本发明的污水处理系统完成了一个运行周期的全部 工序, 处理的总污水量为 1250m3。本发明的污水处理系统每日可运行 4个完整 的运行周期, 日处理污水总量为 5000m3/d。
经过本发明的污水处理系统处理后, 出水的主要水质指标可以达到: C0DCr = 20 ~ 30mg/L , B0D5 = 1 ~ 5mg/L , SS = Omg/L , TN = 4 ~ 10mg/L , TP <0. 5mg/L , 去除效率分别为: C0DCr>94 % , BOD5>96 % , SS = 1 00 % , TN>80 % , TP≥90 %。 实施例 2
如图 4b所示, 一种污水处理系统, 大部分结构与实施 1相同, 所不同的 是, 膜分离设备 2安装在生物反应池 1之外, 生物反应池 1和膜分离设备 2 之间由料液供给管 25和料液回流管 26相连通, 其中料液供给管 25上安装有 循环泵 10 , 循环泵 10共 6台, 4用 2备, 每台的流量为 800m3/h, 扬程为 12m,
功率为 45kW。 在本发明的污水处理系统中不设抽吸泵, 在其前段设置的预处 理装置与实施例 1相同。
膜分离设备 2共有 200个, 分为 4组, 每组 50个, 每组内分 2排放置, 每排 25个, 每个膜分离设备 2的外形尺寸均为 200mm (直径) χ 2000mm (高), 每个膜分离设备 2内部集成的过滤单元为中空纤维束式膜组件,共 7束,每束 中空纤维束式膜组件均由 400 根中空纤维膜丝组成, 中空纤维膜丝的外径为 2.8匪, 平均膜孔径为 0.4μπι, 材质为聚偏氟乙烯, 上端可以自由摆动, 每根 膜丝均呈闭孔状态, 利用柔性环氧树脂封结, 下端用环氧树脂浇铸汇集于端头 之中, 并且用聚氨酯对其进行二次浇铸, 以对膜丝根部进行保护。 端头外部设 有外径为 Φ10匪的产水管, 所有产水管均并联至每一个膜分离设备 2的集水 端头,各个膜分离设备 2的集水端头均通过管道并联至集水总管, 集水总管与 抽吸泵 6的吸水口相连通。每个膜分离设备 2都有一个料液进口和一个料液出 口,料液进口与循环泵 10的出水口之间由料液供给管 25相连通,料液出口与 生物反应池 1之间由料液回流管 26相连通。
当原水为一般的城市污水时, 其主要水质指标为: pH=6~9, CODCr = 400 ~
500mg/L, B0D5 = 200 - 300mg/L, SS = 100 - 300mg/L, 氨氮 =20 ~ 60mg/L, TN = 20 - 80mg/L, TP = 2 ~8mg/L。 针对前述类型的原水, 本发明的污水处理系统可 以达到的日处理规模为 5000m3/d, 生物反应池 1的水力停留时间约为 6小时, MLSS (污泥浓度)为 5 ~8g/L, 容积负荷为 0.8 ~ 1.2kg_BOD/(m3 · d— 污泥 负荷为 0.1 ~ 0.24 kg-BOD/ ( kg-MLSS · d— 1 ), 产水贮存池 5的水力停留时间约 为 2.4小时。
如图 5b、 图 7所示, 本发明的污水处理系统运行时, 按照进水、 反应排 水、 待机、 富磷水排放四步工序运行, 其中进水工序的时间为 0.5h, 反应排 水工序的时间为 4. Oh, 待机工序的时间为 0.5h, 富磷水排放工序的时间为 1. Oh, 总的运行周期为 6h。 当系统处于进水工序、 反应排水工序时, 鼓风机 7 均为间歇式运行, 提供的是压缩空气, 并且每运行 20min后即停止 lOmin, 在 鼓风机 7停止运行期间搅拌设备 4启动运行以完成生物反应池 1 内的料液混 合, 在鼓风机 7启动运行后搅拌设备 4即停止运行。 当系统处于待机工序、 富 磷水排放工序时, 鼓风机 7均停止运行, 搅拌设备 4则连续运行。 当系统处于
进水工序时, 进水流量为 l OOOmVh , 至进水工序结束时, 进入生物反应池 1 的总污水量为 500m3, 同时, 从騎回收单元 5回流至生物反应池 1内的氐騎水 总量为 150m3, 则在进水工序内进入生物反应池 1的总水量为 650m3, 生物反应 池 1 内的水深由 2. 4m升至 5. 0m。 随后系统进入反应排水工序, 循环泵 10开 始启动运行, 第一输水管路控制阀门 8也同步开启, 第二输水管路控制阀门 9 则处于关闭状态, 在循环泵 1 0提供的正压的作用下, 膜分离设备 2对生物反 应池 1内的混合液进行固液分离, 获得第一透过液, 第一透过液经由第一输水 管路 11流入产水收集装置。 在反应排水工序内生物反应池 1连续式地进入污 水, 进水流量为 150m7h, 总污水量为 600m3, 第一透过液的平均产水流量为 312. 5m3/ , 从生物反应池 1 中排出的第一透过液即系统最终处理出水总量为 1250m3, 至反应排水工序结束时, 生物反应池 1内的水深由 5. 0m降至 2. 4m。 在随后的待机工序中,生物反应池 1既不进水也不排水,停止曝气,进行搅拌, 生物反应池 1内逐步进入厌氧状态。在接下来的富磷水排放工序内生物反应池 1以 150m3/h的进水流量连续式地进入污水, 继续进行连续的搅拌, 循环泵 10 再次启动运行, 第二输水管路控制阀门 9也同步开启, 第一输水管路控制阀门 8则处于关闭状态, 在循环泵 10提供的正压的作用下, 膜分离设备 2对生物 反应池 1内的混合液进行固液分离, 以 150m7h的平均产水流量获得第二透过 液, 第二透过液经由第二输水管路 12流入碑回收单元 5。 在碑回收单元 5 内 部经过混凝反应池和斜板沉淀池后, 第二透过液中的 TP浓度由 25mg/L降为 lmg/L。 在富磷水排放工序内生物反应池 1内的水深保持为 2. ½, 进入的总污 水量为 150m3, 共获得总量为 150m3的第二透过液, 共有约 3. 6kg的磷被碑回 收单元 5以磷化学沉淀物的形式从系统中脱除。 至此, 本发明的污水处理系统 完成了一个运行周期的全部工序, 处理的总污水量为 1250m3。本发明的污水处 理系统每日可运行 4个完整的运行周期, 日处理污水总量为 5000m3/d。
经过本发明的污水处理系统处理后, 出水的主要水质指标可以达到: C0DCr
= 20 ~ 30mg/L , B0D5 = 1 ~ 5mg/L , SS = 0mg/L , TN = 4 ~ 10mg/L , TP <0. 5mg/L , 去除效率分别为: C0DCr>94 % , BOD5>96 % , SS = 1 00 % , TN>80 % , TP≥90 %。 实施例 3
如图 4c所示, 一种污水处理系统, 大部分结构与实施 1相同, 所不同的
是, 膜分离设备 2安装在与生物反应池 1相独立的膜滤池 13之内, 生物反应 池 1和膜滤池 13内均安装有曝气设备 3,但搅拌设备 4只安装于生物反应池 1 内。生物反应池 1和膜滤池 13之间由料液供给管 25和料液回流管 26相连通, 其中料液回流管 26上安装有循环泵 10, 循环泵 10共 6台, 4用 2备, 每台的 流量为 800m7h, 扬程为 12m, 功率为 45kW。 与鼓风机 7出气口相连的管路分 为两个支路, 其中一个支路与生物反应池 1内的曝气设备 3相连通, 另一个支 路与膜滤池 13内的曝气设备 3相连通, 两个支路上分别安装有生物反应池供 气控制阀门 27和膜滤池供气控制阀门 28。 膜分离设备 2共有 50个, 分 5排 放置, 每排 10个, 每个膜分离设备 2的尺寸和规格与实施例 1相同。 生物反 应池 1的内部净尺寸为 10m (宽) x 20m (长) x 5.6m (深), 有效水深为 5m, 有效容积为 1000m3。 膜滤池 13的内部净尺寸为 10m (宽) χ 5m (长) χ 5.6m (深), 有效水深为 5m, 有效容积为 250m3。 生物反应池 1和膜滤池 13共壁合 建, 合建后的构筑物的总宽为 10m, 总长为 25米(未计入隔墙厚度)。 在本发 明的污水处理系统的前段设置的预处理装置与实施例 1相同。
当原水为一般的城市污水时, 其主要水质指标为: pH=6~9, CODCr = 400 ~
500mg/L, B0D5 = 200 - 300mg/L, SS = 100 - 300mg/L, 氨氮 =20 ~ 60mg/L, TN = 20 - 80mg/L, TP = 2 ~8mg/L。 针对前述类型的原水, 本发明的污水处理系统可 以达到的日处理规模为 5000m3/d, 生物反应池 1的水力停留时间约为 6小时, MLSS (污泥浓度)为 5 ~8g/L, 容积负荷为 0.8 ~ 1.2kg_BOD/(m3 · d— 污泥 负荷为 0.1 ~ 0.24 kg-BOD/ ( kg-MLSS · d— 1 ), 产水贮存池 5的水力停留时间约 为 2.4小时。
如图 5c、 图 8所示, 本发明的污水处理系统运行时, 按照进水反应排水、 待机、 富磷水排放三步工序运行, 其中进水反应排水工序的时间为 4h, 待机 工序的时间为 0.5h, 富磷水排放工序的时间为 1.5h, 总的运行周期为 6h。 当 系统处于进水反应排水工序时, 鼓风机 7为连续式运行,提供的是氧气体积浓 度为 25%的富氧气, 并且生物反应池供气控制阀门 27每运行 20min后即停止 lOmin,在生物反应池供气控制阀门 27关闭期间只有一台鼓风机运行, 同时搅 拌设备 4启动运行以完成生物反应池 1内的料液混合,在生物反应池供气控制 阀门 27打开后搅拌设备 4即停止运行, 两台鼓风机同时运行, 在进水反应排
水工序膜滤池供气控制阀门 28—直处于开启状态。 当系统处于待机工序时, 鼓风机 7停止运行。 当系统处于富磷水排放工序时, 鼓风机 7为连续式运行, 提供的是氮气体积浓度为 95%的纯氮气, 并且只有一台鼓风机运行, 同时生物 反应池供气控制阀门 27始终关闭,膜滤池供气控制阀门 28则一直处于开启状 态。 当系统处于待机工序、 富磷水排放工序时, 搅拌设备 4均连续运行。 当系 统处于进水反应排水工序时, 循环泵 1 0和抽吸泵 6均开始启动运行, 第一输 水管路控制阀门 8也同步开启, 第二输水管路控制阀门 9则处于关闭状态,循 环泵 10使得混合液在生物反应池 1和膜滤池 1 3之间循环流动, 在抽吸泵 6 提供的负压的作用下, 膜分离设备 2对膜滤池 1 3内的混合液进行固液分离, 获得第一透过液, 第一透过液经由第一输水管路 11流入产水收集装置。 在进 水反应排水工序内生物反应池 1连续式地进入污水, 初始 0. 5h的进水流量为 1 312. 5m3/ , 同时, 从碑回收单元 5排出的总量为 150m3的低碑水也在该时段 内回流至生物反应池 1 , 中间 1. Oh的进水流量为 312. 5m3/ , 最后 2. 5h的进 水流量为 52. 5m3/h, 整个进水反应排水工序内进入的总污水量为 11 00m3, 第一 透过液的平均产水流量为 312. 5m3/h , 从生物反应池 1中排出的第一透过液即 系统最终处理出水总量为 1250m3,生物反应池 1内的水深在初始 0. 5h内由 2. 4m 逐渐升至 5. Om, 在中间 1. Oh内维持在 5. Om不变, 在最后 2. 5h内由 5. 0m逐 渐降至 2. ½。 在随后的待机工序中, 生物反应池 1既不进水也不排水, 停止 曝气, 进行搅拌, 生物反应池 1内逐步进入厌氧状态。 在接下来的富磷水排放 工序内生物反应池 1以 10 OmV 的进水流量连续式地进入污水, 继续进行连续 的搅拌, 循环泵 10和抽吸泵 6再次启动运行, 第二输水管路控制阀门 9也同 步开启, 第一输水管路控制阀门 8则处于关闭状态,在抽吸泵 6提供的负压的 作用下, 膜分离设备 2对膜滤池 1 3内的混合液进行固液分离, 以 100m7h的 平均产水流量获得第二透过液, 第二透过液经由第二输水管路 12流入碑回收 单元 5。 在騎回收单元 5内部经过混凝反应池和斜板沉淀池后, 第二透过液中 的 TP浓度由 25mg/L降为 lmg/L。 在富磷水排放工序内生物反应池 1内的水深 保持为 2. 4m, 进入的总污水量为 150m3 , 共获得总量为 150m3的第二透过液, 共有约 3. 6kg的磷被碑回收单元 5以磷化学沉淀物的形式从系统中脱除。至此, 本发明的污水处理系统完成了一个运行周期的全部工序, 处理的总污水量为
1250m3。 本发明的污水处理系统每日可运行 4个完整的运行周期, 日处理污水 总量为 5000m3/do
经过本发明的污水处理系统处理后, 出水的主要水质指标可以达到: C0DCr = 20 ~ 30mg/L, B0D5 = 1 ~ 5mg/L, SS = Omg/L, TN = 4 ~ 10mg/L, TP <0.5mg/L, 去除效率分别为: C0DCr>94 % , BOD5>96% , SS = 100% , TN>80% , TP≥90%。
以上对本发明所提供的污水处理工艺及系统进行了详细介绍。本说明书中 技术人员,依据本发明的思想在具体实施方式及应用范围上可能在实施过程中 会有改变之处。 因此, 本说明书记载的内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
Claims
1、 一种污水处理工艺, 包括如下工序:
a)进水工序: 原水进入生物反应池至预定的时间或者液位;
b )反应工序: 生物反应池内间歇地进行曝气和搅拌;
c )处理水排放工序: 由膜分离设备对生物反应池内的混合液进行固液分 离, 得到第一透过液, 将第一透权过液作为系统最终处理出水;
d )待机工序: 生物反应池内停止曝气;
利
e) 富磷水排放工序: 生物反应池 2内保持厌氧状态, 由膜分离设备对生物
8
反应池内的混合液进行固液分离,得到第要二透过液,第二透过液进入与生物反 应池相独立设置的碑回收单元内部,碑回收单求元使碑从水中脱除,第二透过液 由富磷水变成低磷水, 低碑水回流至生物反应池内;
此污水处理工艺按照上述步骤周期运行。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的污水处理工艺,其特征在于,将步骤 b)和步骤 c) 合并为一个反应排水工序: 生物反应池内既间歇地进行曝气和搅拌, 又通过膜 分离设备获得第一透过液作为系统最终处理出水。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的污水处理工艺, 其特征在于, 将步骤 a)、 步骤 b) 和步骤 c )合并为一个进水反应排水工序: 生物反应池内既进水又间歇地进行 曝气和搅拌, 也通过膜分离设备获得第一透过液作为系统最终处理出水。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的污水处理工艺, 其特征在于, 在步骤 a)之前, 对原水进行预处理。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的污水处理工艺, 其特征在于, 所述生物反应池内 的污泥浓度为 2~ 20g/L, 优选为 4~ 15g/L, 更优选为 8 ~ 12g/L。
6、根据权利要求 1所述的污水处理工艺,其特征在于,在步骤 b)〜步骤 e) 中均有原水进入生物反应池。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的污水处理工艺,其特征在于,在步骤 d)和步骤 e) 中进入生物反应池的原水水量占每一个运行周期内注入生物反应池的总原水 水量的比例为 1 ~ 40% , 优选为 5 ~ 20%。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的污水处理工艺, 其特征在于, 在步骤 c)或者步
骤 e )为降水位操作。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的污水处理工艺, 其特征在于, 在步骤 a )、 步骤 b ) 或者步骤 c ) 中采用氧气浓度达到 25%以上的富氧气作为曝气介质。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的污水处理工艺, 其特征在于, 在步骤 e )中采用 氮气浓度达到 95 %以上的纯氮气作为曝气介质。
11、 一种污水处理系统, 其特征在于, 包括生物反应池、 膜分离设备、 磷 回收单元和曝气设备,所述曝气设备在生物反应池内,生物反应池与膜分离设 备连通,膜分离设备的出水口与第一输水管路和第二输水管路连通,所述第一 输水管路和第二输水管路上均有阀门,所述碑回收单元与第二输水管路和生物 反应池连通, 所述生物反应池内有搅拌设备。
12、根据权利要求 11所述的污水处理系统, 其特征在于, 还包括空气分离 设备。
13、根据权利要求 11所述的污水处理系统, 其特征在于, 还包括预处理装 置, 所述预处理装置包括格栅、 筛网、 毛发聚集器、 沉砂池、 初沉池、调节池、 pH调整设备、 离子交换设备、 吸附设备、 混凝沉淀设备、 气浮设备、 水解酸化 设备、 升流式厌氧污泥床、 颗粒状厌氧污泥膨胀床、 内循环反应器、 常温催化 氧化设备、 高温催化氧化设备、 光催化氧化设备、 高温湿式氧化设备、 电解设 备、 微波设备中的至少一种。
14、 根据权利要求 11所述的污水处理系统, 其特征在于, 还包括后处理装 置, 所述后处理装置包括氯化消毒设备、 紫外线消毒设备、 臭氧设备、 曝气生 物滤池、 人工湿地、 土壤渗滤系统、 稳定塘、 水生植物净化塘、 吸附设备、 混 凝沉淀设备、 絮凝过滤设备、 活性炭设备、 离子交换设备、 超滤设备、 纳滤设 备、 反渗透设备、 电渗析设备、 电除盐设备中的至少一种。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9045356B2 (en) | 2015-06-02 |
| CN101519265A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
| US20120018374A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
| EP2418178A1 (en) | 2012-02-15 |
| CN101519265B (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
| EP2418178A4 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
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