WO2010118699A1 - 高纯度(2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基)-16-(1-吡咯烷基)-雄甾烷-3,17-二醇或其组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

高纯度(2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基)-16-(1-吡咯烷基)-雄甾烷-3,17-二醇或其组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2010118699A1
WO2010118699A1 PCT/CN2010/071820 CN2010071820W WO2010118699A1 WO 2010118699 A1 WO2010118699 A1 WO 2010118699A1 CN 2010071820 W CN2010071820 W CN 2010071820W WO 2010118699 A1 WO2010118699 A1 WO 2010118699A1
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compound
formula
organic solvent
high purity
hplc
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French (fr)
Inventor
谢峰
邢乃果
张伟
龚恒源
刘泽荣
邓杰
罗杰
叶文润
樊斌
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Chongqing Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co Ltd
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Chongqing Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J43/00Normal steroids having a nitrogen-containing hetero ring spiro-condensed or not condensed with the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton
    • C07J43/003Normal steroids having a nitrogen-containing hetero ring spiro-condensed or not condensed with the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton not condensed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A61P21/02Muscle relaxants, e.g. for tetanus or cramps
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J71/00Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton is condensed with a heterocyclic ring
    • C07J71/0005Oxygen-containing hetero ring
    • C07J71/001Oxiranes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry, and in particular to high purity (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 16 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ ) -2- (4-morpholinyl)-16- (1-pyrrole) Alkyl)-androstane-3,17-diol or a high purity composition thereof, and a process for the preparation thereof, and use in the preparation of the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide.
  • Muscle relaxants also known as skeletal relaxants (referred to as drugs), also known as neuromuscular blockers, are selective agents that act on neuromuscular junctions, temporarily interfering with the transmission of excitation between nerves and muscles, and relaxing the muscles of the muscles. drug. Muscle relaxants can be divided into non-depolarizing and depolarizing muscle relaxants according to their mechanism of action. Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants mainly act on the acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of neuromuscular junctions, and compete with acetylcholine to bind receptors but not to polarize, thereby blocking the excitatory transmission of neuromuscular muscles.
  • Depolarizing muscle relaxants are receptor agonists that, when bound to receptors, open up ion channels and depolarize, but sustained depolarization of the endplate blocks normal neuromuscular excitation transmission, resulting in muscle relaxation. And not antagonized by anticholinesterase drugs.
  • non-depolarizing muscle relaxants mainly include two types of structures, one is aminoguanidine and the other is benzylisoquinoline. At present, steroids have become the main research direction of muscle relaxants.
  • Rocuronium Bromide is a recently used non-polarizing drug in clinical practice. It has the characteristics of fast onset, medium timeliness and rapid recovery. It is the closest to the ideal muscle relaxant.
  • Compound of formula m is a necessary intermediate for the preparation of rocuronium bromide which is subjected to 0-acetylation and N-quaternization to give the product rocuronium bromide. It can be seen that the position and configuration of each group in the product rocuronium bromide has been determined in this intermediate, so its quality has a direct impact on the quality and cost of the final product rocuronium.
  • the intermediate (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 16 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ )-2-(4-morpholinyl)-16-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-androstane is improved.
  • the method uses the compound of the formula II as a raw material, and reacts with morpholine and 10% water (v/v) under reflux for 3 days, and evaporates the reaction liquid to obtain a crude product which is purified by acetone and then purified by methanol to give a compound of the formula m.
  • the reaction time of the process is too long, resulting in deep color and many impurities.
  • the purification effect is not obvious due to the incomplete dissolution of the compound of acetone and sterol in the refining process, and the HPLC purity is only 96 according to the conditions given. About %, the yield is only about 60%.
  • CN101381390 also improved the preparation method of the compound of formula m reported in U.S. Patent No. 4,894,369, which was reacted with 115-210 in an autoclave for 36 hours, and purified by decyl alcohol in a yield of 75%.
  • This patent does not describe the purity of the compound of formula m.
  • This method uses a special equipment - autoclave, which reacts under atmospheric pressure, has the risk of leakage and explosion in production, and has high equipment cost and is not suitable for industrial production.
  • the purification method of the diol (formula m compound) and the impurity control in the product were studied, and it was found that there were mainly four kinds of impurities which had a great influence on the subsequent process. Further invented a purification process capable of effectively controlling the purity of the compound while providing a high Purity of (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 16 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ )-2-(4-morpholinyl)-16-(l-pyrrolidinyl)-androstane-3,17 diol, and used in the preparation Rocuronium.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-purity composition of a compound of the formula m, characterized in that the content of the compound of the formula ( ⁇ ) is not less than 98% by HPLC, and the content of any single impurity is not more than 0.5% HPLC. Percent area.
  • the impurities include, but are not limited to, a compound of the formula ma, a compound of the formula mb, a compound of the formula mc or a compound of the formula. Among them, these four impurities have a great influence on the purification of the subsequent process and the control of the quality and cost of the final product rocuronium. Therefore, it is necessary to control the purity of the compound of formula (m) and the content of these four impurities. .
  • the purity and content referred to herein are identified by the percent area of HPLC.
  • the high purity composition of the compound of formula III is characterized in that the compound of formula III has a content of not less than 98.0% HPLC percent area, and the content of any single impurity does not exceed 0.5% HPLC percent area.
  • the single impurity described therein includes a compound of the formula ma, a compound of the formula mb, a compound of the formula mc or a compound of the formula.
  • the HPLC area of the compound of formula ma is not more than 0.5%
  • the HPLC percentage area of the compound of formula ⁇ b is not more than 0.5%
  • the HPLC percentage area of the compound of formula mc is not more than 0.5%
  • the HPLC percentage of the compound of formula II The area does not exceed 0.5%.
  • the compound of formula III for the high purity composition, the compound of formula III
  • the percentage area of HPLC is not less than 98.5%, 99.0%, 99.3% or 99.5%, and the HPLC percent area of a single impurity is not more than 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2% or 0.1%, wherein the main single impurity is a compound of formula ma, A mb compound, a mc compound or a hydrazine compound.
  • High-purity combination of the above compound of formula m (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 16 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ )-2-(4-morpholinyl)-16-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-androstane-3,17-diol Things include: The compound of formula m has a HPLC area of not less than 98.0%, a single impurity HPLC percentage area of not more than 0.5%, 0.4%. 0.3%.
  • a compound of formula m of not less than 98.5%, a single impurity of not more than 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2% or 0.1%; the compound of the formula m is not less than 99.0%, the single impurity is not more than 0.3%, 0.2% or 0.1%; the compound of the formula m is not less than 99.3%, and the single impurity is not more than 0.2% or 0.1%; The m compound is not less than 99.5%, and the single impurity is not more than 0.1%.
  • composition means a mixture of a compound of the formula m and an impurity
  • impurity means an organic impurity related to the structure of the compound of the formula m, including a raw material, an intermediate, a reaction by-product, a degradation product of the product, and the like in the preparation process.
  • composition includes a mixture of wet, dry, hydrated or solvate of the compound of formula m with impurities.
  • percentage of HPLC refers to the purity of the product, which is determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) area normalization method, and the detection limit of each component is not less than 0.02%, and the limit of quantification is not less than 0.05%.
  • the value of the content or purity is obtained by rounding off the measured data.
  • the compound of formula III according to the invention has the chemical name (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 16 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ )-2-(4-morpholinyl)-16-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-androstane-3 , 17 diol.
  • the first major impurity is: (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 16 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ )-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-16-(1- Pyrrolidinyl)-androstane-3,17 diol (compound of formula ma).
  • the second major impurity is: (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 16 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ )-3-(4-morpholinyl)-16-(1 -pyrrolidinyl)-androstane-2,17-diol (compound of formula mb), which is an isomer impurity of the compound of formula m, because of the poor selectivity of the reaction, the production of the impurity is:
  • the third main impurity is: morpholine (compound of the formula 111), which is a reaction raw material, which is encapsulated in a solid when the morpholine is distilled under reduced pressure. It is technically difficult to remove this impurity.
  • the fourth major impurity is: (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 16 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ )-2,3-epoxy-16-(1-pyrrolidinyl) - Androst-17-ol (compound of formula II), which is a starting material for the reaction, which is difficult to remove in the prior art.
  • the amount of the compound containing the impurity formula is not more than 0.5% by HPLC, and the amount of the compound containing the impurity ⁇ -b is not more than 0.5%.
  • the amount of the impurity-containing mc compound is not more than 0.5% of the HPLC percentage area, and the amount of the compound containing the impurity formula II is not more than 0.5% by HPLC.
  • the present invention provides a high-purity composition of a compound of formula m, wherein the compound of formula m has an HPLC percent area of not less than 98.0%, and the HPLC of the compound of the impurity formula, the compound of the formula mb, the compound of the formula mc, and the compound of the formula The percentage area is not more than 0.5%, 0.4%. 0.3%. 0.2% or 0.1%.
  • the composition further comprises: a compound of formula m having an HPLC percent area of not less than
  • the impurity-ma compound, the compound of formula mb, the compound of formula mc, the compound of formula ⁇ have an HPLC percentage area of not more than 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%;
  • the compound of formula m has an HPLC percent area of not less than 99.0%, and the impurity-type ma compound, the formula mb compound, the formula mc compound, and the hydrazine compound have an HPLC percent area of not more than 0.3%, 0.2% or 0.1%;
  • the percentage area of HPLC is not less than 99.3%, and the percentage of HPLC of the compound of the impurity formula, the compound of the formula mb, the compound of the formula mc, and the compound of the formula is not more than 0.2% or 0.1%; or the percentage of HPLC of the compound of the formula m is not less than 99.5%, the impurity-ma compound, the compound of the formula mb, the compound of the formula mc, and the compound of the formula have an HPLC percentage area of
  • the above composition may also contain no compound of the formula ma, a compound of the formula mb, a compound of the formula mc, or a compound of the formula, that is, the amount of the compound of the formula ma, the compound of the formula mb, the compound of the formula mc and the compound of the formula in the above composition. Less than the detection limit.
  • the content or purity involved in the present invention is determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) area normalization method, and the detection method comprises: using silica gel as a filler, and 0.025 mol L of tetradecyl ammonium hydroxide solution - acetonitrile (10: 90) is the mobile phase with a detection wavelength of 210 nm and a column temperature of 30 ⁇ .
  • the injection volume was 10 ul, and the chromatogram was recorded to 3 times the retention time of the main peak.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a preparation of the high purity (2 ⁇ , 3 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 16 ⁇ , 17 ⁇ )-2-(4-morpholinyl)-16-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-androstane- A method of 3,17 diol (compound of formula III) or a high purity composition thereof.
  • the above four impurities cannot be effectively removed by the existing purification method.
  • the present invention also provides a purification method for preparing a high-purity composition of the above formula m compound, and also a method for preparing a high-purity compound of m, the method comprising: (1) consisting of a crude compound of formula m and at least one organic solvent to form a first suspension;
  • the method of the present invention for preparing a high purity composition of a compound of formula III or a compound of formula III comprises the steps of:
  • (1) consisting of a crude compound of formula m and at least one organic solvent to form a first suspension
  • the step (1) is that the crude compound of the formula m contains no more than 10% of the impurity mb compound.
  • Step (1) The amount of the impurity mc compound contained in the crude compound of the formula m is not more than 2% HPLC percent area; the amount of the impurity ruthenium compound contained in the crude compound of the formula m in the step (1) is not exceed
  • the organic solvent in step (1) is a halogenated hydrocarbon (such as dichloroethane, dichlorodecane, trichlorodecane, etc.), an amide (N,N-diindenylhydrazine) Amide (DMF), N,N-dimercaptoacetamide (DMA), etc., dimercaptosulfoxide (DMSO) and similar solvents or mixtures thereof.
  • a halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloroethane, dichlorodecane, trichlorodecane, etc.
  • an amide N,N-diindenylhydrazine Amide (DMF), N,N-dimercaptoacetamide (DMA), etc., dimercaptosulfoxide (DMSO)
  • dichlorodecane, trichlorodecane, DMF, DMA. DMSO are preferred; and their amount is usually from 1 to 50 ml, preferably from 3 to 20 ml
  • the total dissolution temperature in the purification step (2) is generally from 0 ° C to the boiling point of the solution, preferably 20. C ⁇ 80. C.
  • the anti-soluble organic solvent in the step (3) is an alcohol, a ketone, a cyclic ether, an ester, a hydrocarbon organic solvent, a nitrile group-containing organic solvent, water or a mixture thereof.
  • the alcohol organic solvent is decyl alcohol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and a mixture thereof, of which decyl alcohol is preferred.
  • the ketone organic solvent is acetone or decyl isobutyl ketone, of which acetone is preferred.
  • the cyclic ether organic solvent is tetrahydrofuran.
  • the ester organic solvent is decyl acetate, ethyl acetate or isobutyl acetate, of which ethyl acetate is preferred.
  • the nitrile group-containing organic solvent is acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile or hexanenitrile, of which acetonitrile is preferred.
  • the class The organic solvent is pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, isooctane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane, of which n-hexane is preferred.
  • the anti-soluble organic solvent in the step (3) is preferably decyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, decyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, n-hexane or cyclohexane, more preferably decyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate. , tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, n-hexane.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing an impurity-type compound, a compound of the formula mb, and a compound of the formula.
  • the preparation method of the impurity-type macro compound comprises the following steps: using a hydrazine compound as a raw material, reacting with pyrrolidine and 10% water (v/v) for 3 days, evaporating the reaction liquid to obtain a crude product, and then purifying with a decyl alcohol to obtain a compound of the formula ma. .
  • the preparation method of the impurity-type mb compound is carried out by concentrating the mother liquid of the compound of the formula m, cooling and crystallization to obtain a crude product, and then purifying with acetone to obtain a compound of the formula mb.
  • the impurity II compound is prepared by using 2(3 ⁇ 4,301:1601,170[-diepoxy-17 ⁇ -acetoxy-5 ⁇ -androstane as a starting material in sterol containing sodium hydroxide. After refluxing for 15 minutes, pyrrolidine was added and refluxed for 15 minutes, and then reduced with sodium borohydride and purified by acetone to give a compound of the formula.
  • the invention also provides the use of a high purity compound of formula m or a composition thereof for the preparation of rocuronium bromide.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of rocuronium bromide (a compound of formula I) using the above-described high purity m compound or a high purity composition thereof.
  • the method includes the following process:
  • step (3) to obtain a crude rocuronium bromide dissolved in a polar organic solvent to form a solution
  • the organic solvent used in the step (1) is acetone, acetonitrile and the like or a mixture thereof; the acylating reagent used is acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride; the catalyst used is triethylamine, pyridine, 4-diaminopyridine, sodium carbonate , sodium bicarbonate or a mixture thereof.
  • the nitrile group-containing organic solvent used in the step (2) is acetonitrile, propionitrile, and the like, or a mixture thereof.
  • the method for obtaining the crude rocuronium bromide from the reaction mixture in the step (3) may be obtained by extracting the reaction mixture by evaporation under reduced pressure or by adding an alkane organic solvent (such as pentane or n-hexane). .
  • the polar organic solvent used in the step (4) is a hydrocarbon (such as dichloroethane, dichlorosilane, trichlorodecane, etc.), an amide (such as N,N-dimercaptocarboxamide (DMF), N,N-dimercaptoacetamide (DMA), etc., alcohols (such as decyl alcohol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, etc.), ketones (such as acetone, decyl isobutyl ketone, etc.) , cyclic ethers (such as tetrahydrofuran, etc.), nitrile-containing species (such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile, hexanenitrile, etc.), DMSO, and similar solvents or mixtures thereof.
  • a hydrocarbon such as dichloroethane, dichlorosi
  • the decolorizing agent used in the step (5) is activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, and a similar decolorizing agent or a mixture thereof.
  • the solvent-resistant organic solvent used in the step (7) is decyl acetate, ethyl acetate, decyl tert-butyl ether, decyl ether, diethyl ether, n-pentane, n-hexane, petroleum ether or a mixture thereof, of which diethyl ether is preferred.
  • the acetylating agent is selectively made by at least one acylating agent in at least one organic solvent under the action of at least one catalyst.
  • Acylation of the hydroxyl group at position 17 of the compound of formula III, the compound of formula III is preferably a high purity compound of formula III according to the invention or a high purity composition thereof.
  • the above process according to the present invention include: post-treatment is simple, and one-time recrystallization can obtain a high-purity compound of formula IV, which not only improves the yield of the compound of formula IV, but also greatly increases the yield of rocuronium bromide.
  • the above method for preparing rocuronium comprises the steps of:
  • step (5) to obtain a crude rocuronium bromide dissolved in a polar organic solvent to form a solution;
  • the organic solvent described in the step (1) is a ketone, a nitrile group-containing organic solvent or a mixture thereof; wherein the ketone is acetone or decyl isobutyl ketone, preferably acetone; the nitrile group-containing The organic solvent is acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile or hexanenitrile, preferably acetonitrile.
  • the acetylating agent in the step (1) is acetyl chloride, acetic anhydride or a mixture thereof.
  • the catalyst in the step (1) is selected from the group consisting of a fatty amine, an aromatic amine, an inorganic base or a mixture thereof; wherein the fatty amine is triethylamine, diethylisopropylamine or tri-n-propylamine; the aromatic amine is pyridine or 4- Di-aminopyridine; the inorganic base is sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the catalyst is preferably triethylamine.
  • the molar ratio of the compound of the formula m to the acetylating agent is 1:1.1 to 1:1.8, preferably 1:1.5 to 1:1.7, most preferably 1:1.6;
  • the molar ratio to the catalyst is from 1:3 to 1:8, preferably from 1:5 to 1:7, most preferably 1:6.
  • the selective acylation reaction in the step (1) is carried out at 40 ° C to 120 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 85 ° C.
  • the time of the selective acetylation reaction in the step (1) is from 3 hours to 12 hours, preferably from 4 hours to 6 hours, preferably from 5 hours.
  • the recrystallization solvent described in the step (3) is a ketone, a nitrile group-containing organic solvent or a mixture; wherein the ketone is acetone or decyl isobutyl ketone, preferably acetone; and the nitrile group-containing organic solvent is acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile or hexanenitrile, preferably acetonitrile.
  • the nitrile group-containing organic solvent used in the reaction in the step (4) is acetonitrile, propionitrile or a mixture thereof, preferably acetonitrile.
  • the reaction in the step (4) is carried out at 20 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably 20 ° C to 40 ° C, preferably 25 to 35 ° C.
  • the reaction time described in the step (4) is from 3 hours to 30 hours.
  • the method for obtaining the crude rocuronium bromide from the reaction mixture in the step (5) may be obtained by extracting the reaction mixture by evaporation under reduced pressure or by adding an alkane organic solvent (such as pentane or n-hexane). .
  • the polar organic solvent used in the step (6) is a halogenated hydrocarbon (such as dichloroethane, dichlorodecane, trichlorodecane, etc.), and an amide (such as N,N-dimercaptophthalamide (DMF).
  • a halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloroethane, dichlorodecane, trichlorodecane, etc.
  • an amide such as N,N-dimercaptophthalamide (DMF).
  • N,N-dimercaptoacetamide etc.
  • alcohols such as decyl alcohol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, etc.
  • ketones such as acetone, decyl isobutyl ketone, etc.
  • cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, etc.
  • nitrile-containing species such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile, hexanenitrile, etc.
  • DMSO and similar solvents or mixtures thereof.
  • the decolorizing agent used in the step (7) is activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, and similar decolorizing agents or their a mixture
  • the anti-soluble organic solvent used in the step (9) is decyl acetate, ethyl acetate, decyl tert-butyl ether, decyl ether, diethyl ether, n-pentane, n-hexane, petroleum ether or a mixture thereof, wherein preferably Ethyl ether, mercapto tert-butyl ether, ethyl acetate, decyl acetate.
  • the present invention provides a process for preparing a high purity compound of formula iv from a compound composition of formula m above.
  • the so-called high-purity compound of the formula IV generally means that the compound of the formula IV has a purity of not less than 99.5%, not less than 99.6%, not less than 99.7%, not less than 99.8%, or not less than 99.9%.
  • the impurities contained in the high purity compound of formula IV include a compound of formula m, a compound of formula IV-a, a compound of formula IV-b, a compound of formula IV-c or mixtures thereof, wherein the compound of formula IV containing high purity of compound of formula IV does not exceed 0.2% Preferably, it is not more than 0.15%, preferably not more than 0.10%, more preferably not more than 0.05%, most preferably not more than 0.03%; wherein the high purity compound of formula IV contains the impurity of formula IV-a
  • the compound is not more than 0.2%, preferably not more than 0.15%, preferably not more than 0.10%, more preferably not more than 0.05%, most preferably not more than 0.03%; wherein the high purity compound of formula IV is contained
  • the impurity IV-b compound is not more than 0.2%, preferably not more than 0.15%, preferably not more than 0.10%, preferably not more than 0.05%, most preferably not more than 0.03%; wherein high purity The
  • High purity compounds of formula IV can be obtained in high yields in accordance with the process of the present invention.
  • the high yield is higher than 75%, preferably higher than 76%, preferably higher than 77%, preferably higher than 78%, preferably higher than 79%, most preferably It is higher than 80%.
  • the method for preparing high-purity compound of formula IV provided by the invention is simpler, lower in cost and more suitable for industrial production.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of high purity rocuronium bromide (a compound of formula I) from the above-described high purity compound of formula IV.
  • the high-purity rocuronium bromide generally means a purity of not less than 99.5%, not less than 99.6%, not less than 99.7%, not less than 99.8%, or not less than 99.9%.
  • the impurities contained in the high-purity rocuronium include impurities A and impurities F, wherein the impurity A contained in the high-purity rocuronium does not exceed 0.1%; wherein the high-purity rocuronium contains no more than 0.1% of impurities F, other The known impurities specified in the European Pharmacopoeia are not detected.
  • the present invention provides a process for producing high purity rocuronium bromide in high yield.
  • the method is obtained by reacting a compound of the formula IV with allyl bromide as a starting material, and the high yield is higher than 90%, preferably higher than 91%, preferably higher than 92%. Preferably, it is higher than 93%, preferably higher than 94%, and most preferably higher than 95%. Due to the high purity of the compound of the formula IV, the post-treatment is simplified and the product quality is improved.
  • the above invention produces a high-purity rocuronium bromide in high yield, the process comprising:
  • step (3) dissolving the crude rocuronium bromide in step (2) in a polar organic solvent to form a solution;
  • the solid is filtered off from the suspension obtained in the step (6); the obtained solid is dried to obtain high-purity rocuronium (the compound of the formula I).
  • the organic solvent containing a nitrile group used in the reaction in the step (1) is acetonitrile, propionitrile or a mixture thereof, of which acetonitrile is preferred.
  • the reaction in the step (1) is carried out at 20 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably 20 ° C to 40 ° C, preferably 25 to 35 ° C.
  • the reaction time described in the step (1) is from 3 hours to 30 hours.
  • the method for obtaining the crude rocuronium bromide from the reaction mixture in the step (2) may be obtained by evaporating the reaction mixture under reduced pressure or by adding an alkane organic solvent (such as pentane, N-hexane, etc.) is obtained by extraction.
  • an alkane organic solvent such as pentane, N-hexane, etc.
  • the polar organic solvent used in the step (3) is a hydrocarbon (such as dichloroethane, dichlorosilane, trichlorodecane, etc.), an amide (such as N,N-dimercaptocarboxamide (DMF), N,N-dimercaptoacetamide (DMA), etc., alcohols (such as decyl alcohol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, etc.), ketones (such as acetone, decyl isobutyl ketone, etc.) , cyclic ethers (such as tetrahydrofuran, etc.), nitrile-containing species (such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile, hexanenitrile, etc.), DMSO, and similar solvents or mixtures thereof.
  • a hydrocarbon such as dichloroethane, dichlorosilane
  • dichlorodecane, trichlorodecane, DMF, DMA, isopropanol, acetone, acetonitrile, DMSO are preferred;
  • the decolorizing agents used in the step (4) are activated carbon, silica gel, alumina, and similar decolorizing agents or their a mixture;
  • the anti-soluble organic solvent used in the step (6) is decyl acetate, ethyl acetate, decyl tert-butyl ether, decyl ether, diethyl ether, n-pentane, n-hexane, petroleum ether or a mixture thereof, wherein preferably Ethyl ether, mercapto tert-butyl ether, ethyl acetate, decyl acetate.
  • the method for preparing high-purity rocuronium bromide provided by the invention is simpler, lower in cost and more suitable for industrial production.
  • the content or purity involved in the present invention is determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) area normalization method, and the detection limit of each component is not less than 0.02%, and the limit of quantification is not less than 0.05%.
  • the value of the content or purity is obtained by rounding off the measured data.
  • the present invention provides a high-purity m compound composition having a purity of not less than 98.0% and a single impurity of not more than 0.5%, satisfying the requirements of subsequent reactions; and providing a compound of formula m and a compound of formula IV
  • the structure of the main impurities is beneficial to the control of product safety and quality; the method for preparing the high-purity m compound provided by the present invention is simple Easy to operate, strong controllability, suitable for industrial amplification. Therefore, the present invention effectively solves the defects in the prior art that the compound of the formula m is not high in purity and lacks control of individual impurities, particularly isomer impurities.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The following examples are merely illustrative of the advantages of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
  • Example 1 Example la: HPLC analysis method of the compound of formula m.
  • tetradecyl ammonium hydroxide solution (take 4.53 g of tetradecyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate, dissolve 900 ml of water to dissolve, adjust pH to 7.4 with phosphoric acid, dilute with water to 1000 ml, shake Uniform, that is, - acetonitrile (10: 90) is the mobile phase, the detection wavelength is 210nm, and the column temperature is 30.
  • the number of theoretical plates should be no less than 2000 according to the peak of the compound of formula m. Accurately measure 10 ul of the test solution into the liquid chromatograph and record the chromatogram to 3 times the retention time of the main peak.
  • Example lb HPLC analysis method of the compound of the formula IV, taking an appropriate amount of the product, adding 90:10 (acetonitrile-water) to prepare a solution containing about 3.0 mg per 1 ml, as a test solution, according to high performance liquid chromatography ( Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 Edition 2 Appendix VD) Determination.
  • tetradecyl ammonium hydroxide solution takes 4.53 g of tetradecyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate, add 900 ml of water to dissolve, adjust pH to 7.4 with phosphoric acid, dilute with water to 1000 ml, shake Uniform, that is, - acetonitrile (25: 75) is the mobile phase, the detection wavelength is 210nm, and the column temperature is 30.
  • the theoretical plate number should be no less than 2000 according to the peak of the compound of formula IV. Accurately measure 10 ul of the test solution into the liquid chromatograph and record the chromatogram to 3 times the retention time of the main peak.
  • Table Anti-solubility has optical formula m compound formula m-a compound formula m-b compound number solvent
  • Example 8 Preparation of the compound of the formula IV 80 g (0.179 mol) of the compound of the formula m was suspended in 800 ml of acetone, 149 ml of triethylamine (1,074 mol) and 27 ml of acetic anhydride (0.286 mol) were added, and the mixture was heated to reflux, and the reaction was stirred under reflux. hour. The reaction solution was cooled until stirred for 2 hours, filtered, washed with 100 ml of acetone, and the obtained crude crude product was dissolved in 800 ml of acetonitrile under reflux (about 80 ° C), and the reaction mixture was cooled until stirring for 2 hours, filtered, and 100 ml of acetonitrile was used.
  • Example 9 Preparation of a compound of formula IV
  • Example 10 Preparation of a compound of formula IV The procedure of Example 8 was carried out using pyridine as a catalyst to give a compound of formula IV, melting point:
  • Example 11 Preparation of a compound of formula IV
  • Example 12 Preparation of a compound of formula IV The compound of the formula IV is obtained by the method described in Example 8 using acetonitrile as a solvent.
  • Example 13 Preparation of rocuronium bromide (compound of formula I) 30 g (0.0614 mol) of a compound of formula IV is dissolved in 300 ml of acetonitrile, 21.3 ml (0.2456 mol) of allyl bromide is added, the reaction is stirred for 30 hours, and 300 ml of pentane is added. The alkane was washed, and the pentane layer was separated. Then, 300 ml of pentane was added and washed, and the pentane layer was separated. The acetonitrile layer was added dropwise to 2250 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether.
  • Example 14 Preparation of Rocuronium (Compound of Formula I) 30 g (0.0614 mol) Formula IV The compound was dissolved in 150 ml of acetonitrile, and 90 ml (1.0400 mol) of allyl bromide was added thereto, and the reaction was stirred for 4 hours, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give crude crude rocobromide, and the crude product was dissolved with methylene chloride, and then 60 g of alumina was added. After stirring at room temperature for 2 h, filtration and stirring, the filtrate was poured into 2250 ml of decyl tert-butyl ether.
  • Example 15 Rocuron Preparation of ammonium (compound of formula I) as described in Example 14 With propionitrile as the reaction solvent, the crude product was dissolved in acetonitrile, to give rocuronium using silica gel as a bleaching agent [a] D 2G + 29.7 ° , yield:.
  • Example 16 Preparation of rocuronium bromide (compound of formula I) as described in Example 14, the crude product was dissolved in acetone, and activated carbon was used as a decolorizing agent to obtain rocuron. Ammonium [a] D 2 ° + 30.9° , Yield: 91.3%, HPLC purity: 99.7 % rocuronium, 0.09 % impurity A, 0.06 % impurity F.

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高纯度 (2 β ,3 ,5 ,16 β,17 β )-2-(4-吗啉基 )-16-(1-吡咯烷 基) -雄甾烷 -3,17-二醇或其组合物及其制备方法 技术领域 本发明涉及有机化学及药物化学技术领域, 具体涉及高纯度 (2β, 3α, 5α, 16β, 17β) -2- (4-吗啉基) -16- (1-吡咯烷基)-雄甾烷 -3, 17-二醇或其高纯度组合物及其制备方法,以及在制备肌肉松弛药 罗库溴铵中的应用。 背景技术 肌肉松弛药又称骨骼 弛药 (简称 药), 也叫做神经肌肉 阻断剂,是选择性地作用于神经肌肉接点,暂时干扰神经肌肉间兴奋 的传递而使骨酪肌松弛的一种药物。肌肉松弛药根据其作用机理的不 同可分为非去极化和去极化肌肉松弛药。非去极化肌松药主要作用于 神经肌肉接头的突触后膜上的乙酰胆碱受体,与乙酰胆碱竟争结合受 体但不能产生极化,从而阻滞了神经肌肉的兴奋传递,其作用能被抗 胆碱酯酶药新斯的明所拮抗。去极化肌肉松弛药是受体激动剂,与受 体结合后可开放离子通道而去极化,但终板的持续去极化阻滞了正常 的神经肌肉兴奋传递,从而产生肌松作用,且不被抗胆碱酯酶药所拮 抗。其中非去极化肌松药从结构上又主要包括两类,一类是氨基甾类 药, 另一类是苄基异喹啉类 药。 目前 甾类 药已经成 为肌肉松弛药的主要研究方向。 罗库溴铵 ( Rocuronium Bromide ) 便是最近应用于临床的 ^甾类非去极化 药,具有起效快、 中时 效和恢复迅速的特点, 是目前最接近理想肌肉松弛药条件的肌松药, 在临床中应用广泛。 在美国、加拿大、 大多数欧洲国家, 罗库溴铵的 处方量居于肌松药的第一位。 2005年, 维也纳欧洲麻醉学年会上公 布的数据, 罗库溴铵在全球的使用患者超过 1亿人。 罗库溴铵结构式 如式(I )所示:
Figure imgf000003_0001
文献 US4, 894,369等公开了罗库溴铵的制备方法。 其中化合物 (2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基 )-16-(1-吡咯烷基) -雄甾烷 -3,17 二醇
(式 m化合物)是制备罗库溴铵的必经中间体, 该中间体经 0-乙酰 化、 N-季铵化反应得到产品罗库溴铵。 由此可知, 产品罗库溴铵碳骨 架中的各基团位置和构型在该中间体中已全部确定,因此其质量对终 产品罗库淡铵的质量和成本有着直接的影响。如该中间体的纯度不够 高, 其中的部分杂质会直接带入或进一步反应带入后面的反应产物, 进而影响罗库淡铵的质量和收率;如果在后面步骤中通过纯化降低或 除去这些杂质, 势必会造成产品罗库淡铵成本的大幅增加。 因此,提 高中间体 (2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基 )-16-(1-吡咯烷基) -雄甾烷
-3,17二醇(式 m化合物) 的纯度, 对于提高产品罗库淡铵的质量和 控制成本有着重要的意义。 目前, 已有多篇文献资料报道了式 m化合物的制备或纯化方法。 美国专利 US4, 894,369描述了式 m化合物的制备及其纯化方法, 以及用式 m化合物制备罗库溴铵的方法, 反应式如下:
Figure imgf000004_0001
该方法以式 II化合物为原料, 与吗啉和 10%的水(v/v ) 回流反 应 3天, 蒸干反应液得到粗品, 先用丙酮精制, 再用曱醇精制, 得到 式 m化合物。 该工艺反应时间过长, 导致颜色深, 杂质多; 而且精制 过程中因丙酮、 曱醇不能全溶式 m化合物而导致纯化效果不明显,按 其所给的条件进行操作, HPLC纯度仅为 96%左右, 收率仅为 60% 左右。 式 m化合物和 1.13摩尔比的乙酰氯发生乙酰化反应得到式 IV化 合物, 需要柱层析和重结晶纯化, 所以式 IV化合物的收率很低, 只有 47.8%。 式 IV化合物在二氯曱烷中与烯丙基溴反应 22h, 柱层析分离 得到式 I化合物(罗库溴铵), 该工艺产率低, 且操作复杂, 不适合 工业化生产。 2007年, US 2007/0,117,975对 US4,894,369报道的制备方法进行 了改进, 由式 II化合物、 吗啉、 10%的水(v/v )及至少一种酸性催 化剂组成混悬液, 100°C至 110°C下搅拌该混悬液反应 40小时, 然后 用碱中和得混悬液,过滤,得到式 m化合物( HPLC纯度: 94.12% )。 该方法增加了酸性催化剂,加快了反应进程,但也导致了反应选择性 降低, 异构体杂质增加, 而且不易被已报道的精制方法除掉。 此外, 按其所给的条件进行操作, 不能得到该专利所说的收率(约 80% ), 实际收率仅能达到约 60%。 式 m化合物与乙酰化试剂在碱性催化剂下发生酰化反应,后经过 两次重结晶得到式 IV化合物, 但该工艺产率低, 且操作复杂; 式 IV化 合物再和烯丙基溴成盐得式 I化合物 (罗库溴铵)。
2007年, CN101381390也对 US4, 894,369报道的式 m化合物制 备方法进行了改进,采用在压力釜中用 115-210 反应 36小时, 曱醇 精制, 收率 75%。 该专利未对式 m化合物的纯度进行说明。 该方法 使用了特殊设备-压力釜, 在高于大气压的环境下反应, 在生产中有 泄露和爆炸的危险, 而且设备成本较高, 不适合工业化生产。 因此, 现有的式 m化合物制备技术中, 存在产品纯度不高, 缺乏 对单个杂质特别是异构体杂质的控制等不足之处,从而造成了后续反 应需要柱层析和重结晶纯化, 不利于操作和收率的提高。针对现有技 术中的不足, 我们对化合物 (2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基 )-16-(1-吡 咯烷基) -雄甾烷 -3,17二醇(式 m化合物 )的纯化方法及产品中的杂质 控制进行了研究,发现主要有 4种杂质对后继工艺有较大影响。进而 发明了一种能有效控制该化合物纯度的纯化工艺,同时提供了一种高 纯度的 (2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基 )-16-(l-吡咯烷基) -雄甾烷 -3,17 二醇, 并将其用于制备罗库淡铵。 发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种高纯度的 (2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉 基) -16-(1-吡咯烷基) -雄甾烷 -3,17-二醇(式 III化合物), 其纯度大于 或等于 98% HPLC百分面积。
Figure imgf000006_0001
本发明的另一目标是提供一种式 m化合物的高纯度组合物,其特 征在于: 式(ΠΙ )化合物的含量不小于 98% HPLC百分面积, 任一 单个杂质的含量不超过 0.5%HPLC百分面积。 在上述的高纯度组合物中, 所述的杂质包括但不限于式 m-a化 合物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 m-c化合物或式 Π化合物。 其中, 这 4种 杂质对后续工艺的纯化、终产品罗库溴铵的质量和成本的控制都有较 大的影响, 因此, 有必要控制式(m )化合物的纯度和这 4种杂质的 含量。 这里所说的纯度和含量是以 HPLC百分面积来标识。
Figure imgf000006_0002
III-a
Figure imgf000007_0001
在一个具体实施方案中, 所述的式 III化合物的高纯度组合物, 其特征在于: 式 III化合物含量不小于 98.0%HPLC百分面积, 任一 单个杂质的含量不超过 0.5%HPLC百分面积, 其中所述的单个杂质 包括式 m-a化合物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 m-c化合物或式 Π化合物。 具体包括式 m-a化合物的 HPLC百分面积不超过 0.5%,式 ΠΙ-b化合 物的 HPLC百分面积不超过 0.5%,式 m-c化合物的 HPLC百分面积 不超过 0.5%以及式 II化合物的 HPLC百分面积不超过 0.5%。 在上述实施方案中, 对于所述的高纯度组合物, 式 III化合物的
HPLC百分面积不小于 98.5%、 99.0%、 99.3%或 99.5%, 单个杂质 的 HPLC百分面积不大于 0.4%、 0.3%、 0.2%或 0.1%, 其中主要的 单个杂质为式 m-a化合物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 m-c化合物或式 Π化 合物。 本发明的式 III化合物的高纯度组合物, 其旋光值 [a]D 2G为 + 84。 至 +88° ( c=1.02 in CHC13 )。 上述式 m化合物(2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基 )-16-(1-吡咯烷 基) -雄甾烷 -3,17-二醇的高纯度组合物包括: 式 m化合物 HPLC百分面积不小于 98.0%, 单个杂质 HPLC百 分面积不大于 0.5%、 0.4%. 0.3%. 0.2%或 0.1%; 式 m化合物不小于 98.5%, 单个杂质不大于 0.4%、 0.3%、 0.2% 或 0.1%; 式 m化合物不小于 99.0%,单个杂质不大于 0.3%、0.2%或 0.1%; 式 m化合物不小于 99.3%, 单个杂质不大于 0.2%或 0.1%; 或 式 m化合物不小于 99.5%, 单个杂质不大于 0.1%。 上述 "组合物" 是指式 m化合物与杂质的混合物, "杂质" 是指 与式 m化合物结构相关的有机杂质,包括制备工艺中的原料、中间体、 反应副产物、 产品的降解产物等。 该 "组合物" 包括式 m化合物的湿 品、 干品、 水合物或溶剂合物等与杂质的混合物。 上述 "HPLC 百分面积" 是指产物的纯度, 是用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)面积归一法测定的, 每个组份的检测限不低于 0.02%, 定量 限不低于 0.05%。 含量或纯度的数值是经测量数据四舍五入所得。 本发明所述的式 III化合物,其化学名为 (2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4- 吗啉基 )-16-(1-吡咯烷基) -雄甾烷 -3,17二醇。 在本发明所述的式 m化合物的高纯度组合物中,第一个主要杂质 为: (2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(1-吡咯烷基) -16-(1-吡咯烷基) -雄甾烷 -3,17 二醇(式 m-a化合物)。
Figure imgf000009_0001
III-a 该杂质产生的过程为:
Figure imgf000009_0002
m-a 在本发明所述的式 m化合物的高纯度组合物中,第二个主要杂质 为: (2α,3β,5α,16β,17β)-3-(4-吗啉基 )-16-(1-吡咯烷基) -雄甾烷 -2,17- 二醇(式 m-b化合物), 该杂质是式 m化合物的异构体杂质, 是因为 反应的选择性差导致, 该杂质的产生过程为:
Figure imgf000009_0003
在本发明所述的式 m化合物的高纯度组合物中,第三个主要杂质 为: 吗啉(式 111 化合物), 是反应原料, 在减压蒸馏吗啉时, 被包 裹在固体中, 现有技术很难除去该杂质。
Figure imgf000010_0001
III-c
在本发明所述的式 m化合物的高纯度组合物中,第四个主要杂质 为: (2α,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2,3-环氧 -16-(1-吡咯烷基) -雄甾烷 -17-醇(式 II 化合物), 是反应起始原料, 现有技术很难除去该杂质。
Figure imgf000010_0002
II
在本发明的高纯度式 III化合物或其高纯度组合物中, 含杂质式 m-a化合物的量不超过 0.5%HPLC百分面积,含杂质式 ΠΙ-b化合物 的量不超过 0.5% HPLC百分面积,含杂质式 m-c化合物的量不超过 0.5% HPLC百分面积, 含杂质式 II化合物的量不超过 0.5% HPLC 百分面积。 结合上述杂质,本发明提供一种式 m化合物的高纯度组合物,其 中式 m化合物的 HPLC百分面积不小于 98.0%,杂质式 m-a化合物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 m-c化合物和式 Π化合物的 HPLC百分面积均不 大于 0.5%、 0.4%. 0.3%. 0.2%或 0.1% 。 该组合物进一步包括: 式 m化合物的 HPLC 百分面积不小于
98.5%, 杂质式 m-a化合物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 m-c化合物、 式 π化 合物的 HPLC百分面积均不大于 0.4%、 0.3%、 0.2%、 0.1%; 式 m化合物的 HPLC百分面积不小于 99.0%, 杂质式 m-a化合 物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 m-c化合物、 式 Π化合物的 HPLC百分面积 均不大于 0.3%、 0.2%或 0.1%; 式 m化合物的 HPLC百分面积不小于 99.3%, 杂质式 m-a化合 物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 m-c化合物、 式 Π化合物的 HPLC百分面积 均不大于 0.2%或 0.1%; 或 式 m化合物的 HPLC百分面积不小于 99.5%, 杂质式 m-a化合 物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 m-c化合物、 式 Π化合物的 HPLC百分面积 均不大于 0.1%。 可以理解的是, 上述组合物也可以不含式 m-a化合物、 式 m-b 化合物、 式 m-c化合物、 式 Π化合物, 即上述组合物中式 m-a化合 物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 m-c化合物和式 Π化合物的量均小于检测极 限。 本发明中涉及的含量或纯度是用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)面积归一 法测定的, 检测方法包括: 用硅胶为填充剂, 以 0.025mol L氢氧化 四曱基铵溶液 -乙腈(10: 90 )为流动相, 检测波长为 210nm, 柱温 30 。 注射量为 10ul, 记录色谱图至主峰保留时间的 3倍。 本发 明 的 另 一 目 的 是提供一种 制 备该 高 纯度 (2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基 )-16-(1-吡咯烷基) -雄甾烷 -3,17 二醇 (式 III化合物)或其高纯度组合物的方法。 上述四个杂质以现有的纯化方法, 无法有效的除去。 因此, 本发 明还提供一种制备上述式 m化合物高纯度组合物的纯化方法,也是制 备高纯度式 m化合物的方法, 该方法包括: ( 1 ) 由式 m化合物粗品和至少一种有机溶剂组成第一混悬液;
(2)升温至固体全溶;
(3)加入至少一种抗溶性有机溶剂, 获得第二混悬液;
(4)冷却第二混悬液使固体沉淀, 从第二混悬液中滤出固体, 干燥所得固体, 获得高纯度的式 m化合物。 实现上述制备方法的具体实施方案如下: 按文献 US4, 894,369或 US 2007/0,117,975提供的方法得到的式 m 化合物粗品, 经 HPLC检测所含杂质式 m-a化合物不超过 2%、 杂 质式 m-b化合物不超过 ιο%、 杂质式 m-c化合物不超过 2%、 杂质 式 II化合物不超过 2 %,将该粗品悬浮于至少一种有机溶剂中得到第 一混悬液, 升温至固体全溶, 再加入至少一种抗溶性有机溶剂, 获得 第二混悬液;冷却第二混悬液使固体沉淀;从第二混悬液中滤出固体; 干燥所得固体, 获得高纯度的式 m化合物。 在一个具体实施方案中, 本发明所述的制备高纯度式 III化合物 或式 III化合物的高纯度组合物的方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 由式 m化合物粗品和至少一种有机溶剂组成第一混悬液;
(2)升温至固体全溶;
(3)加入至少一种抗溶性有机溶剂, 获得第二混悬液;
(4)冷却第二混悬液使固体沉淀, 从第二混悬液中滤出固体, 干燥所得固体, 获得高纯度的 (2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基 )-16-(1- 吡咯烷基) -雄甾烷 -3,17-二醇(式 m化合物)。 步骤(l )所述式 m化合物粗品所含杂质式 m-a化合物的量不超 过 2 % HPLC百分面积; 步骤(1 )所述式 m化合物粗品所含杂质式 m-b化合物的量不超 过 10 % HPLC百分面积; 步骤( 1 )所述式 m化合物粗品所含杂质式 m-c化合物的量不超 过 2 % HPLC百分面积; 步骤(1 )所述式 m化合物粗品所含杂质式 Π化合物的量不超过
2 % HPLC百分面积; 步骤(1 )所述有机溶剂为卤代烃类 (如二氯乙烷、 二氯曱烷、 三 氯曱烷等)、 酰胺类 (N,N-二曱基曱酰胺(DMF ), N,N-二曱基乙酰胺 ( DMA )等)、 二曱基亚砜 ( DMSO ) 以及相似的溶剂或者它们的混 合物。 其中优选二氯曱烷、 三氯曱烷、 DMF、 DMA. DMSO; 它们 的用量对应于每克粗品 (式 m化合物)一般为 1 ~ 50ml,优选 3 ~ 20ml。 该纯化方法步骤(2 ) 中全溶温度一般在 0°C至溶液沸点, 优选 20。C ~ 80。C。 步骤(3 )所述抗溶性有机溶剂为醇类、 酮类、 环醚类、 酯类、 烃类有机溶剂、含腈基的有机溶剂、 水或者它们的混合物。 所述醇类 有机溶剂为曱醇、 乙醇、 丙醇、 异丙醇、 丁醇及其混合物, 其中优选 曱醇。 所述酮类有机溶剂为丙酮或曱基异丁基酮, 其中优选丙酮。 所 述环醚类有机溶剂为四氢呋喃。所述的酯类有机溶剂为乙酸曱酯、 乙 酸乙酯或乙酸异丁酯,其中优选乙酸乙酯。所述含腈基的有机溶剂为 乙腈、 丙腈、 丁腈、 异丁腈、 戊腈或己腈, 其中优选乙腈。 所述经类 有机溶剂为戊烷、 正己烷、 正庚烷、 异辛烷、 环戊烷和环己烷, 其中 优选正己烷。 步骤(3 )所述抗溶性有机溶剂优选为曱醇、 乙醇、 丙酮、 乙酸 乙酯、 乙酸曱酯、 四氢呋喃、 乙腈、 正己烷或环己烷, 更优选曱醇、 乙醇、 丙酮、 乙酸乙酯、 四氢呋喃、 乙腈、 正己烷。 本发明还提供了杂质式 m-a化合物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 Π化合 物的制备方法。 杂质式 m-a化合物的制备方法包括以式 Π化合物为原料, 与吡 咯烷、 10%的水(v/v ) 回流反应 3天, 蒸干反应液得到粗品, 再用 曱醇精制, 得到式 m-a化合物。 杂质式 m-b化合物的制备方法是通过浓缩式 m化合物重结晶母 液, 冷却析晶得到粗品, 再用丙酮精制, 得到式 m-b化合物。 杂质式 II化合物的制备方法是以 2(¾,301:1601,170[-二环氧-17卩-乙 酰氧基 -5α-雄甾烷为起始原料, 在含氢氧化钠的曱醇中回流 15分钟, 然后加入吡咯烷回流 15分钟, 再于 以下用硼氢化钠还原, 丙酮 精制, 得到式 Π化合物。
Figure imgf000014_0001
本发明还提供了高纯度的式 m化合物或其组合物在制备罗库溴铵中 的应用。 本发明提供了以上述高纯度式 m化合物或其高纯度组合物制备 罗库溴铵(式 I化合物) 的方法。 该方法包括以下过程:
Figure imgf000015_0001
I
(1)在至少一种有机溶剂中, 用至少一种酰化试剂在至少一种催化 剂的作用下, 选择性地乙酰化式 m化合物, 得到含式 IV化合物;
(2)在至少一种含腈基的有机溶剂中, 式 IV化合物与过量的烯 丙基溴反应;
(3)从步骤(2) 的反应混和物中得到罗库溴铵粗品;
( 4 )将步骤( 3 )得到罗库溴铵粗品溶解在一种极性有机溶剂中 形成溶液;
(5)将一种脱色剂加入步骤(4)得到的溶液中形成混悬液;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的混悬液过滤;
(7)将步骤(6)得到的滤液滴入至少一种抗溶性有机溶剂中, 获得另一混悬液; (8)从步骤(7)得到的混悬液中滤出固体; 干燥得到的固体, 得到高纯度的罗库淡铵 (式 I化合物)。 步骤(1 ) 中所用有机溶剂为丙酮、 乙腈以及相似的溶剂或者它 们的混合物;所用酰化试剂为乙酰氯或乙酸酐;所用催化剂为三乙胺、 吡啶、 4-二曱氨基吡啶、 碳酸钠、 碳酸氢钠或者它们的混合物。 步骤(2 ) 中所用含腈基的有机溶剂为乙腈、 丙腈以及相似的溶 剂或者它们的混合物。 步骤(3 ) 中从反应混和物中得到罗库溴铵粗品的方法可以是将 反应混和物减压蒸干得到; 也可以是加入烷烃类有机溶剂 (如戊烷、 正己烷等)萃洗得到。 步骤(4 )中所用极性有机溶剂为 代烃类 (如二氯乙烷、 二氯曱 烷、 三氯曱烷等)、 酰胺类 (如 N,N-二曱基曱酰胺(DMF )、 N,N-二曱 基乙酰胺 ( DMA )等)、 醇类(如曱醇、 乙醇、 丙醇、 异丙醇、 丁醇 等)、 酮类 (如丙酮、 曱基异丁基酮等)、 环醚类 (如四氢呋喃等)、 含腈基类 (如乙腈、 丙腈、 丁腈、 异丁腈、 戊腈、 己腈等)、 DMSO 以及相似的溶剂或者它们的混合物。 其中优选二氯曱烷、 三氯曱烷、 DMF、 DMA, 异丙醇、 丙酮、 乙腈、 DMSO。 步骤(5 ) 中所用脱色剂为活性炭、 硅胶、 氧化铝以及与其相似 的脱色剂或者它们的混合物。 步骤(7 ) 中所用抗溶性有机溶剂为乙酸曱酯、 乙酸乙酯、 曱基 叔丁基醚、 曱醚、 乙醚、 正戊烷、 正己烷、 石油醚或它们的混和物, 其中优选乙醚、 曱基叔丁基醚、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸曱酯。 上述本发明的方法的技术方案为:在至少一种有机溶剂中,用至 少一种酰化试剂在至少一种催化剂的作用下,使乙酰化试剂选择性地 酰化式 III化合物的 17位羟基,式 III化合物优选为根据本发明的高 纯度式 III化合物或其高纯度的组合物。 根据本发明的上述方法的优 点包括: 后处理简便, 一次重结晶即可得到高纯度式 IV化合物, 不但 提高了式 IV化合物的收率, 而且也大大提高了罗库溴铵的收率。 在一个具体实施方案中,上述制备罗库淡铵的方法, 包括以下步 骤:
(1)在至少一种有机溶剂中, 用至少一种酰化试剂在至少一种 催化剂的作用下, 选择性地乙酰化高纯度的式 m化合物或其组合物, 得到含式 IV化合物的溶液; (2)冷却步骤( 1 )得到的溶液, 析出式 IV化合物, 过滤得到式
IV化合物;
( 3 )将步骤( 2 )得到的式 IV化合物用至少一种有机溶剂重结晶, 得到高纯度的式 IV化合物;
(4)在至少一种含腈基的有机溶剂中, 式 IV化合物与过量的烯 丙基溴反应;
(5)从步骤(4) 的反应混和物中得到罗库溴铵粗品;
( 6 )将步骤( 5 )得到罗库溴铵粗品溶解在一种极性有机溶剂中 形成溶液;
(7)将一种脱色剂加入步骤(6)得到的溶液中形成混悬液; (8)将步骤( 7 )得到的混悬液过滤;
(9)将步骤(8)得到的滤液滴入至少一种抗溶性有机溶剂中, 获得另一混悬液;
( 10 )从步骤(9 )得到的混悬液中滤出固体; 干燥得到的固体, 得到高纯度的罗库淡铵 (式 I化合物)。 其中, 步骤(1 ) 中所述的有机溶剂为酮类、 含腈基的有机溶剂 或者其混合物; 其中所述酮类为丙酮或曱基异丁基酮, 优选丙酮; 所 述含腈基的有机溶剂为乙腈、 丙腈、 丁腈、 异丁腈、 戊腈或己腈, 优 选乙腈。 步骤(1 ) 中所述乙酰化试剂为乙酰氯、 乙酸酐或其混合物。 步骤(1 ) 中所述催化剂为选自脂肪胺、 芳胺、 无机碱或者其混 合物; 其中脂肪胺为三乙胺、二乙基异丙胺或三正丙基胺; 芳胺为吡 啶或 4-二曱氨基吡啶; 无机碱为碳酸钠或碳酸氢钠。 所述催化剂优 选为三乙胺。 所述步骤(1 ) 中, 式 m化合物与乙酰化试剂的摩尔比为 1: 1.1 至 1: 1.8, 较好的是 1: 1.5至 1: 1.7, 最好的是 1: 1.6; 式 m化合 物与催化剂的摩尔比为 1: 3至 1: 8, 较好的是 1: 5至 1: 7, 最好 的是 1: 6。 步骤( 1 )中所述选择性酰化反应是在 40°C至 120°C, 优选 50°C 至 85°C下进行。 步骤(1 ) 中所述选择性乙酰化反应的时间是 3小时至 12小时, 较好的是 4小时至 6小时, 最好是 5小时。 步骤(3 ) 中所述重结晶溶剂为酮类、 含腈基的有机溶剂或者其 混合物; 其中所述酮类为丙酮或曱基异丁基酮, 优选丙酮; 所述含腈 基的有机溶剂为乙腈、 丙腈、丁腈、异丁腈、戊腈或己腈,优选乙腈。 步骤(4 ) 中所述反应所用含腈基的有机溶剂为乙腈、 丙腈或其 混合物, 优选乙腈。 步骤(4 ) 中所述反应是在 20°C至 50°C中进行, 较好的是 20°C 至 40°C, 优选是 25至 35°C。 步骤(4 ) 中所述的反应时间是 3小时至 30小时。 步骤(5 ) 中从反应混和物中得到罗库溴铵粗品的方法可以是将 反应混和物减压蒸干得到; 也可以是加入烷烃类有机溶剂 (如戊烷、 正己烷等)萃洗得到。 步骤(6 )中所用极性有机溶剂为卤代烃类 (如二氯乙烷、 二氯曱 烷、 三氯曱烷等)、 酰胺类 (如 N,N-二曱基曱酰胺(DMF )、 N,N-二曱 基乙酰胺 ( DMA )等)、 醇类(如曱醇、 乙醇、 丙醇、 异丙醇、 丁醇 等)、 酮类 (如丙酮、 曱基异丁基酮等)、 环醚类 (如四氢呋喃等)、 含腈基类(如乙腈、 丙腈、 丁腈、 异丁腈、 戊腈、 己腈等)、 DMSO 以及相似的溶剂或者它们的混合物。 其中优选二氯曱烷、 三氯曱烷、 DMF、 DMA, 异丙醇、 丙酮、 乙腈、 DMSO; 步骤(7 ) 中所用脱色剂为活性炭、 硅胶、 氧化铝以及与其相似 的脱色剂或者它们的混合物; 步骤(9 ) 中所用抗溶性有机溶剂为乙酸曱酯、 乙酸乙酯、 曱基 叔丁基醚、 曱醚、 乙醚、 正戊烷、 正己烷、 石油醚或它们的混和物, 其中优选乙醚、 曱基叔丁基醚、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸曱酯。 本发明提供了以上述式 m化合物组合物制备高纯度式 iv化合物 的方法。这里所谓的高纯度式 IV化合物一般指式 IV化合物的纯度不低 于 99.5%, 不低于 99.6%, 不低于 99.7%, 不低于 99.8%, 或不低于 99.9%。高纯度式 IV化合物所含杂质包括式 m化合物、式 IV-a化合物、 式 IV-b化合物、 式 IV-c化合物或其混合物, 其中高纯度式 IV化合物 所含杂质式 m化合物不超过 0.2%, 较好的是不超过 0.15%, 较好的 是不超过 0.10%, 较好的是不超过 0.05%, 最好的是不超过 0.03%; 其中高纯度式 IV化合物所含杂质式 IV-a化合物不超过 0.2%, 较好的 是不超过 0.15%, 较好的是不超过 0.10%, 较好的是不超过 0.05%, 最好的是不超过 0.03%; 其中高纯度式 IV化合物所含杂质式 IV-b化 合物不超过 0.2%,较好的是不超过 0.15%,较好的是不超过 0.10%, 较好的是不超过 0.05%,最好的是不超过 0.03%; 其中高纯度式 IV化 合物所含式 IV-c化合物不超过 0.2%, 较好的是不超过 0.15%, 较好 的是不超过 0.10%,较好的是不超过 0.05%,最好的是不超过 0.03%。
Figure imgf000020_0001
IV-b
Figure imgf000021_0001
按本发明的方法可以得到高收率制备高纯度式 IV化合物。所述高 收率是高于 75 %, 较好的是高于 76 %, 较好的是高于 77 %, 较好的 是高于 78 %, 较好的是高于 79 %, 最好的是高于 80 %。 本发明提供的制备高纯度式 IV化合物的方法, 更加简便、成本更 低、 更适合工业化生产。 本发明提供了以上述高纯度式 IV化合物制备高纯度罗库溴铵(式 I化合物) 的方法。 其中高纯度罗库溴铵一般指纯度不低于 99.5%, 不低于 99.6%, 不低于 99.7%, 不低于 99.8%, 或不低于 99.9%。 高 纯度罗库淡铵所含杂质包括杂质 A和杂质 F, 其中高纯度罗库淡铵 所含杂质 A不超过 0.1%; 其中高纯度式罗库淡铵所含杂质 F不超 过 0.1%, 其他欧洲药典规定的已知杂质未检出。
Figure imgf000021_0002
impurity A impurity 本发明提供了以高收率制备高纯度罗库溴铵的方法。该方法是以 式 IV化合物为起始原料与烯丙基溴反应而得, 所述高收率是高于 90% ,较好的是高于 91%,较好的是高于 92%,较好的是高于 93%, 较好的是高于 94%, 最好的是高于 95%。 由于采用高纯度的式 IV 化合物为原料, 使得工艺后处理简化, 产品质量提高。 在具体实施方案中,上述本发明以高收率制备高纯度罗库溴铵的 方法, 其过程包括:
(1)在至少一种含腈基的有机溶剂中, 式 IV化合物与过量的烯 丙基溴反应; (2)从步骤( 1 ) 的反应混和物中得到罗库溴铵粗品;
( 3 )将步骤( 2 )得到罗库溴铵粗品溶解在一种极性有机溶剂中 形成溶液;
(4)将一种脱色剂加入步骤(3)得到的溶液中形成混悬液;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的混悬液过滤; (6)将步骤( 5 )得到的滤液滴入至少一种抗溶性有机溶剂中, 获得另一混悬液;
(7)从步骤(6)得到的混悬液中滤出固体; 干燥得到的固体, 得到高纯度的罗库淡铵 (式 I化合物)。 其中, 步骤(1) 中所述反应所用含腈基的有机溶剂为乙腈、 丙 腈或其混合物, 其中优选乙腈。 步骤( 1 ) 中所述反应是在 20°C至 50°C中进行, 较好的是 20°C 至 40°C, 优选是 25至 35°C。 步骤(1) 中所述的反应时间是 3小时至 30小时。 步骤(2) 中从反应混和物中得到罗库溴铵粗品的方法可以是将 反应混和物减压蒸干得到; 也可以是加入烷烃类有机溶剂 (如戊烷、 正己烷等)萃洗得到。 步骤(3 )中所用极性有机溶剂为 代烃类 (如二氯乙烷、 二氯曱 烷、 三氯曱烷等)、 酰胺类 (如 N,N-二曱基曱酰胺(DMF )、 N,N-二曱 基乙酰胺 ( DMA )等)、 醇类(如曱醇、 乙醇、 丙醇、 异丙醇、 丁醇 等)、 酮类 (如丙酮、 曱基异丁基酮等)、 环醚类 (如四氢呋喃等)、 含腈基类 (如乙腈、 丙腈、 丁腈、 异丁腈、 戊腈、 己腈等)、 DMSO 以及相似的溶剂或者它们的混合物。 其中优选二氯曱烷、 三氯曱烷、 DMF、 DMA, 异丙醇、 丙酮、 乙腈、 DMSO; 步骤(4 ) 中所用脱色剂为活性炭、 硅胶、 氧化铝以及与其相似 的脱色剂或者它们的混合物; 步骤(6 ) 中所用抗溶性有机溶剂为乙酸曱酯、 乙酸乙酯、 曱基 叔丁基醚、 曱醚、 乙醚、 正戊烷、 正己烷、 石油醚或它们的混和物, 其中优选乙醚、 曱基叔丁基醚、 乙酸乙酯、 乙酸曱酯。 本发明提供的制备高纯度罗库溴铵的方法,更加简便、成本更低、 更适合工业化生产。 本发明涉及的含量或纯度是用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)面积归一法 测定的, 每个组份的检测限不低于 0.02%, 定量限不低于 0.05%。含 量或纯度的数值是经测量数据四舍五入所得。 总的来说,本发明提供了一种高纯度式 m化合物组合物,其纯度 不小于 98.0%, 单个杂质不大于 0.5%, 满足后续反应的要求; 同时 提供了式 m化合物和式 IV化合物中主要杂质的结构,有利于产品安全 性和质量的控制;本发明提供的制备该高纯度式 m化合物的方法简单 易行, 可控性强, 适用于工业化放大。 因此本发明有效解决了现有技 术中的式 m化合物纯度不高,缺乏对单个杂质特别是异构体杂质的控 制等不足之处。 提供用本发明的式 m化合物组合物,即高纯度式 m化合物在制备 朋 药罗库溴铵中的应用是本发明的另一目的。 具体实施方式 下面的实施例仅仅展示实施本发明的优点,而不是对本发明范围 的限制。 实施例 1 实施例 la: 式 m化合物的 HPLC分析方法 取本品适量, 加 0.2%三氟乙酸的乙腈溶液制成每 1ml 中约含 7.0m 的溶液,作为供试品溶液, 照高效液相色谱法(中国药典 2005 年版二部附录 VD )测定。 用硅胶为填充剂, 以 0.025mol L氢氧化四 曱基铵溶液(取氢氧化四曱基铵五水合物 4.53g,加水 900ml使溶解, 用磷酸调节 pH值为 7.4,用水稀释至 1000ml,摇匀,即得) -乙腈( 10: 90 )为流动相, 检测波长为 210nm, 柱温 30 。 理论板数按式 m化 合物峰计算应不低于 2000。 精密量取供试品溶液 10ul, 注入液相色 谱仪, 记录色谱图至主峰保留时间的 3倍。 实施例 lb: 式 IV化合物的 HPLC分析方法 取本品适量,加 90:10 (乙腈-水)制成每 1ml中约含 3.0mg的溶 液, 作为供试品溶液, 照高效液相色谱法(中国药典 2005年版二部 附录 VD )测定。 用硅胶为填充剂, 以 0.025mol L氢氧化四曱基铵溶 液(取氢氧化四曱基铵五水合物 4.53g, 加水 900ml使溶解, 用磷酸 调节 pH值为 7.4, 用水稀释至 1000ml, 摇匀, 即得) -乙腈(25: 75 ) 为流动相, 检测波长为 210nm, 柱温 30 。 理论板数按式 IV化合物 峰计算应不低于 2000。精密量取供试品溶液 10ul, 注入液相色谱仪, 记录色谱图至主峰保留时间的 3倍。 罗库溴铵(式 I化合物 ) 的 HPLC检测是按照欧洲药典 EP5.4 ( pp. 4013-4014 )上方法操作。 实施例 2: 式 m化合物的制备 将 120g式 m化合物粗品悬浮于 600ml三氯曱烷中,升温至回流, 搅拌至固体全溶, 加入 480ml丙酮, 获得混悬液, 1个小时内冷至 0 至 搅拌 1小时, 过滤, 滤饼用丙酮 100ml洗涤 1次, 50°C真 空干燥 14小时, 得到 115.2g式 m化合物。 收率: 96%, m.p.220°C 至 222 °C, [a]D 20 + 86.8° ( c = 1.02 in CHC13 )。 HPLC纯度为: 99.2 %的式 m化合物, o.i5 %的杂质式 m-a化合物, 0.10 %杂质式 m-b化 合物, 0.05 %的杂质式 m-c化合物, 0.08 %的杂质式 II化合物。 质谱 [ESI-MS, m/z]中 MH+峰为 447。 用 KBr压片法测得红外光谱主要吸收峰为 3427 cm 1.2948 cm 1. 2910 cm 1, 2796 cm 1, 1121 cm 1033 cm 13C NMR(400MHz, CDC13) δ (ppm): 79.024, 67.446, 65.080,
63.712, 63.224, 55.979, 52.950, 48.993, 48.400, 43.536, 38.483, 38.392, 35.887, 34.631 , 34.324, 32.565, 31.713, 29.299, 28.161 , 23.276, 20.952, 16.723, 12.891;
!H NMR(400MHz, CDC13) δ (ppm): 4.099 (1H, s), 3.837-3.895 (lH,m), 3.648-3.747 (4H, m), 3.419 (IH, s), 3.365-3.388 (IH, d), 2.868-2.960 (IH, q), 2.588-2.744 (4H, m), 2.412-2.564 (4H, m), 1.865-1.926 (IH, m), 1.798-1.847 (2H, m), 1.711-1.761 (4H, m), 1.652-1.692 (IH, m), 1.490-1.586 (3H, m), 1.409-1.468 (3H, m), 1.218-1.392 (3H, m), 1.076-1.209 (2H, m), 0.871 (3H, s), 0.730-0.851 (2H,m), 0.697 (3H,s)。 如实施例 2所述方法,选择不同的溶剂和抗溶性有机溶剂得到式 m化合物, 结果详见下表 1:
表 抗溶性有 旋光 式 m化合物 式 m-a化合物 式 m-b化合 编号 溶剂
机溶剂 值 HPLC纯度 含量 物含量 实施例 3 DMF 乙酸乙酯 +87.0° 99.5 % 0.10 % 0.10 % 实施例 4 DMA 曱醇 +86.3° 99.0 % 0.25 % 0.19 % 实施例 5 DMSO 乙腈 +87.0° 99.1 % 0.15 % 0.12 % 实施例 6 二氯曱烷 四氢呋喃 +86.5° 99.3 % 0.12 % 0.14 % 实施例 7 二氯乙坑 正己烷 +85.4° 98.5 % 0.26 % 0.20 %
实施例 8: 式 IV化合物的制备 将 80g( 0.179mol )式 m化合物悬浮于 800ml丙酮中,加入 149ml 三乙胺( 1.074mol )和 27ml乙酸酐(0.286mol ), 加热至回流, 回流 搅拌反应 5小时。将反应液冷至 至 搅拌 2小时,过滤,用 100ml 丙酮洗涤, 所得湿的粗品用 800ml乙腈于回流(80°C左右)下溶解, 将反应液冷却至 至 搅拌 2小时, 过滤, 用 100ml乙腈洗涤, 产品于 减压干燥 24小时以上得到 70.4g白色粉末状固体式 IV化 合物。熔点: 153.9 至 155.4 , [a]D 20 + 54.6° ( c = 1.03 in CHC13 ), 收率: 80.5%, HPLC纯度为: 99.9 %的式 IV化合物, 杂质式 m化合 物未检测到, 0.02 %的杂质式 IV-a化合物, 杂质式 IV-b化合物未检测 到, 0.01 %的杂质式 IV-c化合物。 质谱 [ESI-MS, m/z]中 MH+峰为 489。 用 KBr压片法测得红外光谱主要吸收峰为 3452 cm 1.2933 cm 1. 2848 cm 1, 2802 cm 1, 1736 cm 1, 1292 cm 1, 1241 cm 1116 cm 1, 1057 cm 1, 1024 cm 1
13C NMR(400MHz, CDC13) δ (ppm): 170.637, 81.432, 67.250,
64.996, 64.284, 63.656, 55.561 , 52.978, 49.091 , 48.002, 43.648,
38.399, 37.883, 35.768, 34.184, 33.982, 32.363, 31.372, 30.108, 27.924, 23.422, 21.112, 20.533, 16.199, 13.575; !H NMR(400MHz, CDC13) δ (ppm): 4.807-4.830 (1H, d),
3.829-3.885 (IH, m), 3.635-3.732 (4H,m), 3.000 (IH, s), 2.529-2.639 (7H, m), 2.403-2.483 (3H, m), 2.119 (3H, s), 1.645-1.900 (8H, m), 1.398-1.579 (8H, m), 1.082-1.381 (3H, m), 0.907-1.006 (1H, m), 0.884 (3H,s), 0.853 (3H, s) , 0·701~0·791 (1H, m)。 实施例 9: 式 IV化合物的制备 如实施例 8 所述方法, 用乙酰氯作为乙酰化试剂得到式 IV化合 物, 熔点: 152.5 至 154.0 C [a]D 20 + 55.2° ( c = 1.03 in CHC13 ), 收率: 78.2%, HPLC纯度为: 99.9 %的式 IV化合物, 杂质式 m化合 物未检测到, 0.03 %的杂质式 IV-a化合物, 杂质式 IV-b化合物未检测 到, 0.01 %的杂质式 IV-c化合物。 实施例 10: 式 IV化合物的制备 如实施例 8所述方法,用吡啶作为催化剂得到式 IV化合物,熔点:
153.0 至 154.3 C [a]D 20 + 55.6° ( c = 1.03 in CHC13 ),收率: 76.2% , HPLC纯度为: 99.9 %的式 IV化合物,杂质式 m化合物未检测到, 0.04 %的杂质式 IV-a化合物, 杂质式 IV-b化合物未检测到, 0.02 %的杂质 式 IV-c化合物。 实施例 11: 式 IV化合物的制备 如实施例 8所述方法,用 4-二曱氨基吡啶作为催化剂得到式 IV化 合物, 熔点: 154.0 至 155.6 , [a]D 20 + 53.8° ( c = 1.03 in CHC13 ), 收率: 77.8%, HPLC纯度为: 99.9 %的式 IV化合物, 0.02 %的杂质 式 m化合物, 0.01 %的杂质式 IV-a化合物, 杂质式 IV-b化合物未检测 到, 0.02 %的杂质式 IV-c化合物。 实施例 12: 式 IV化合物的制备 如实施例 8所述方法,用乙腈作为反应溶剂得到式 IV化合物,熔 点: 154.2 至 155.5 C [a]D 2。 + 53.4° ( c = 1.03 in CHC13 ), 收率: 76%, HPLC纯度为: 99.9 %的式 IV化合物, 0.03 %的杂质式 m化合 物, 0.03 %的杂质式 IV-a化合物, 杂质式 IV-b化合物未检测到, 0.01 %的杂质式 IV-c化合物。 实施例 13: 罗库溴铵(式 I化合物 )的制备 将 30g ( 0.0614mol )式 IV化合物溶于 300ml乙腈中,加入 21.3ml ( 0.2456mol )烯丙基溴, 搅拌反应 30小时, 加入 300ml戊烷萃 洗, 分出戊烷层, 再加入 300ml 戊烷萃洗, 分出戊烷层, 乙腈层搅 拌下滴入 2250ml无水乙醚中, 所得混悬液搅拌 15分钟, 过滤, 所 得固体于 减压干燥至少 55小时, 得到 35.7g白色粉末状固体罗 库溴铵。 [a]D 2° + 31.4° , 收率: 95.4%, HPLC纯度为: 99.8 %的 罗库淡铵, 0.08 %的杂质 A, 0.03 %的杂质 F。 质谱 [ESI-MS, m/z] : [M+1-Br]+为 529.3 用 KBr压片法测得红外光谱主要吸收峰为 3415«11人 2927 cm 1.
2853 cm 1, 1748 cm 1, 1632 cm 1, 1451 cm 1, 1375 cm 1, 1222cm 1、 1119 cm 1, 1065 cm 1, 1024 cm 1
13C NMR(400MHz, CDC13) δ (ppm): 168.6, 128.5, 126.1, 78.1, 67.3, 65.3, 65.2, 63.9, 55.1, 49.5, 47.0, 45.4, 38.5, 37.8, 36.0, 34.0, 33.8, 32.5, 31.4, 28.4, 27.8, 24.4, 24.1, 21.1, 20.8, 15.9, 13.6 。
!H NMR(400MHz, CDC13) δ (ppm): 6.16 (1H, s, =CH), 5.73 (2H, d,=CH2), 5.26 (1H, m, 17 -H), 4.58 (1H, m, 16 -H), 4.37-4.16 (2H,
Figure imgf000031_0001
3.90 (4H, m, 2,,5,), 3.89 (IH, m, 3 β -H), 3.70 (4H, m, 2", 6,,), 2.46-2.61 (4H, m, 3,,,5,,), 2.55 (1H, m, 2 -H), 2.28 (4H, m, 3,,4,), 2.25 (2H, s,15 o ), 2.23 (3H, S,17 β -CH3), 0.87 (3H, s,19-CH3), 0.83 (3H, s,18-CH3)。 实施例 14: 罗库淡铵 (式 I化合物) 的制备 将 30g ( 0.0614mol ) 式 IV化合物溶于 150ml 乙腈中, 加入 90ml ( 1.0400mol )烯丙基溴, 搅拌反应 4小时, 减压蒸干, 得到罗 库溴铵粗品, 将粗品用二氯曱烷溶解, 再加入 60g氧化铝, 室温搅拌 2h, 过滤, 搅拌下, 将滤液滴入 2250ml曱基叔丁基醚中, 所得混悬 液搅拌 15分钟, 过滤, 所得固体于 减压干燥至少 55小时, 得 到 34.5g白色粉末状固体罗库溴铵。 [a]D 2G + 31.0° , 收率: 92.3%, HPLC纯度为:99.8 %的罗库溴铵, 0.05 %的杂质 A, 0.04 %的杂质 F。 实施例 15: 罗库溴铵(式 I化合物 )的制备 如实施例 14所述方法,用丙腈作为反应溶剂,粗品用乙腈溶解, 用硅胶作为脱色剂得到罗库溴铵。 [a]D 2G + 29.7° , 收率: 91.2%, HPLC纯度为: 99.7 %的罗库淡铵, 0.1 %的杂质 A, 0.09 %的杂质 F。 实施例 16: 罗库溴铵(式 I化合物) 的制备 如实施例 14所述方法, 粗品用丙酮溶解, 用活性炭作为脱色剂 得到罗库淡铵。 [a]D 2° + 30.9° , 收率: 91.3%, HPLC纯度为: 99.7 %的罗库淡铵, 0.09 %的杂质 A, 0.06 %的杂质 F。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种高纯度的(2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基 )-16-(1-吡咯 烷基) -雄甾烷 -3,17-二醇(式 III化合物), 其纯度大于或等于 98%。
Figure imgf000032_0001
2、 一种式( m )化合物的高纯度组合物, 其中式( m )化合 物的含量不小于 98%, 并且任何一个单个杂质的含量不超过 0.5%HPLC百分面积。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的高纯度组合物, 所述的杂质包括式 m -a化合物、 式 m-b化合物、 式 m-c化合物和 /或式 Π化合物
Figure imgf000032_0002
4、 如权利要求 3所述的高纯度组合物, 其中任何一个所述杂 质的含量不超过 0.3%HPLC百分面积。
5、 一种制备高纯度式 m化合物或其高纯度组合物的方法, 包 括:
( 1 ) 由式 m化合物粗品和至少一种有机溶剂组成第一混悬液;
(2) 升温至固体全溶;
(3)加入至少一种抗溶性有机溶剂, 获得第二混悬液; (4) 冷却第二混悬液使固体沉淀,从第二混悬液中滤出固体,干 燥所得固体, 获得高纯度的式 m化合物。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的方法, 其中在步骤( 1 )的式 m化合物 粗品中, 式 m-a化合物的量不超过 2%HPLC百分面积, 式 m-b化合 物的量不超过 10%HPLC百分面积, 式 m-c化合物的量不超过 2% HPLC百分面积, 式 II化合物的量不超过 2% HPLC百分面积。
7、 如权利要求 5所述的方法, 其中步骤( 1 )的有机溶剂为二 氯乙烷、 二氯曱烷、 三氯曱烷、 DMF、 DMA. DMSO以及与其相似 的溶剂或者它们的混合物。
8、 如权利要求 5所述的方法, 其中步骤(2)的全溶温度一般 为 0°C至溶液沸点, 优选为 20°C ~80°C。
9、 如权利要求 5所述的方法, 其中步骤(3)的抗溶性有机溶 剂为曱醇、 丙酮、 四氢呋喃、 乙酸乙酯、 正己烷、 乙腈以及与其相似 的溶剂或者它们的混合物。
10、 根据权利要求 1 的高纯度的式 m化合物或根据权利要 求 2-4中任意一项的式( m )化合物的高纯度组合物在制备罗库溴铵 中的应用。
11、 一种以根据权利要求 1 的高纯度的式 m化合物或根据 权利要求 2-4中任意一项的式( m )化合物的高纯度组合物为起始原 料制备罗库淡铵的方法, 包括:
Figure imgf000034_0001
I
(1) 在至少一种有机溶剂中, 用至少一种酰化试剂在至少一 种催化剂的作用下, 选择性的乙酰化式 m化合物, 得到 含式 IV化合物;
(2) 在至少一种含腈基的有机溶剂中, 式 IV化合物与过量的 烯丙基溴反应;
( 3 ) 从步骤( 2 ) 的反应混和物中得到罗库淡铵粗品;
( 4 ) 将步骤( 3 )得到罗库淡铵粗品溶解在一种极性有机溶剂 中形成溶液;
(5) 将一种脱色剂加入步骤(4)得到的溶液中形成混悬液;
(6) 将步骤(5)得到的混悬液过滤;
( 7 ) 将步骤( 6 )得到的滤液滴入至少一种抗溶性有机溶剂中, 获得另一混悬液; ( 8 ) 从步骤(7 )得到的混悬液中滤出固体;干燥得到的固体, 得到高纯度的罗库溴铵(式 I化合物)。
12、 如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其中步骤( 1 )的有机溶剂 为丙酮、 乙腈以及与其相似的溶剂或者它们的混合物。
13、 如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其中步骤( 1 )的乙酰化试 剂为乙酰氯或乙酸酐。
14、 如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其中步骤( 1 )的催化剂为 三乙胺、 吡啶、 4-二曱氨基吡啶、 碳酸钠、 碳酸氢钠或者它们的混合 物。
15、 如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其中步骤(2 )的含腈基的 有机溶剂为乙腈、 丙腈以及与其相似的溶剂或者它们的混合物。
16、 如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其中步骤(4 )的极性有机 溶剂为二氯曱烷、 三氯曱烷、 DMF、 DMA. 异丙醇、 丙酮、 乙腈、 DMSO以及与其相似的溶剂或者它们的混合物。
17、 如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其中步骤(5 )的脱色剂为 活性炭、 硅胶和氧化铝以及与其相似的脱色剂或者它们的混合物。
18、 如权利要求 11所述的方法, 其中步骤(7 )的抗溶性有 机溶剂为乙酸曱酯、 乙酸乙酯、 曱基叔丁基醚、 曱醚、 乙醚、正戊烷、 正己烷、 石油醚或它们的混和物。
PCT/CN2010/071820 2009-04-17 2010-04-16 高纯度(2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-2-(4-吗啉基)-16-(1-吡咯烷基)-雄甾烷-3,17-二醇或其组合物及其制备方法 Ceased WO2010118699A1 (zh)

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