WO2011045847A1 - エンジンの排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
エンジンの排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011045847A1 WO2011045847A1 PCT/JP2009/067728 JP2009067728W WO2011045847A1 WO 2011045847 A1 WO2011045847 A1 WO 2011045847A1 JP 2009067728 W JP2009067728 W JP 2009067728W WO 2011045847 A1 WO2011045847 A1 WO 2011045847A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust
- passage
- inlet
- engine
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2067—Urea
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/903—Multi-zoned catalysts
- B01D2255/9037—More than three zones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/406—Ammonia
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust emission control device for an engine, and more particularly, to a technique for suppressing emission of nitrogen oxides (hereinafter referred to as “NOx”) and particulates into the atmosphere with a compact configuration.
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) type exhaust purification device that reduces NOx in the exhaust with ammonia.
- a NOx reduction catalyst is installed in the exhaust passage
- a urea water supply device is installed upstream of the NOx reduction catalyst
- an oxidation catalyst for ammonia purification is installed downstream.
- Ammonia is generated by hydrolysis of urea added to the exhaust gas by the supply device, and this ammonia is supplied as a reducing agent to the NOx reduction catalyst.
- ammonia slip ammonia
- ammonia that has passed through the NOx reduction catalyst without contributing to the reduction of NOx is oxidized and purified by the ammonia purification catalyst before being released into the atmosphere.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that, in a wall-flow particulate filter, a urea hydrolysis catalyst is supported on the entire inner wall of a filter carrier that forms a cell passage on the inlet side.
- a NOx reduction catalyst is supported on the entire inner wall of the carrier that forms the outlet side cell passage.
- An exhaust emission control device for an engine has a partition wall capable of collecting particulates in exhaust gas by filtration, and an internal space is partitioned into a plurality of cell passages extending along the flow of exhaust gas by the partition wall.
- An exhaust filter is provided. This exhaust filter has an inlet side passage and an outlet side passage formed by alternately closing adjacent cell passages on the inlet side or outlet side with a plugging material.
- the urea hydrolysis catalyst is supported on the first portion of the inner wall of the inlet-side passage, and the inner wall of the inlet-side passage is further downstream than the first portion.
- a first NOx reduction catalyst is supported on the second portion. Further, of the inner walls of the outlet side passage adjacent to the inlet side passage with the partition wall interposed therebetween, the first portion overlaps in the direction intersecting with the flow of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust filter, or is downstream of this.
- a second NOx reduction catalyst is supported on the third portion of the first portion, and is downstream of the third portion and overlaps the second portion in the intersecting direction or downstream of the second portion.
- An oxidation catalyst is supported on the fourth portion.
- the first and second NOx reduction catalysts include an inner wall portion (second portion) of the inlet side passage downstream of the first portion and an inner wall portion (third portion) of the outlet side passage. ).
- the third portion overlaps in the direction intersecting the flow of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust filter with respect to the first portion, or is a portion on the downstream side from the first portion.
- the ammonia passing through can be supplied to the second NOx reduction catalyst, and the other ammonia can be supplied to the first NOx reduction catalyst to contribute to the reduction of NOx.
- the slip ammonia is oxidized by the oxidation catalyst carried on the inner wall portion (fourth portion) of the outlet side passage downstream of the third portion, and the ammonia is released into the atmosphere without being purified. Can be avoided.
- a series of chemical reactions relating to selective catalytic reduction with urea including urea hydrolysis, NOx reduction and slip ammonia oxidation, can be performed inside the exhaust filter.
- the release of NOx and particulates into the atmosphere can be suppressed with a compact configuration as a whole system while ensuring a required NOx conversion rate.
- the block diagram of the diesel engine carrying the exhaust gas purification device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention Longitudinal sectional view of a diesel particulate filter constituting the exhaust emission control device according to the embodiment Front enlarged view of the diesel particulate filter
- the block diagram of the diesel engine carrying the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on other embodiment of this invention The block diagram of the diesel engine carrying the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on another embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of an engine (hereinafter referred to as “engine”) 1 equipped with an exhaust emission control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- engine an engine
- An air cleaner (not shown) for removing dust in the intake air is attached to the introduction portion of the intake passage 11.
- the intake passage 11 is provided with a compressor 12a of a variable nozzle type turbocharger 12.
- the intake air compressed by the compressor 12a flows into the manifold portion of the intake passage 11 through the surge tank 13. , Distributed to each cylinder.
- fuel supply injectors 21, 21,... are installed for each cylinder.
- the injector 21 is operated by a fuel injection control signal from a control unit (hereinafter referred to as “ECU”) 101 of the engine 1.
- ECU control unit
- Fuel delivered by a fuel pump (not shown) is supplied to the injector 21 via the common rail 22 and injected into the combustion chamber of each cylinder.
- a turbine 12b of the turbocharger 12 is installed in the exhaust passage 31 downstream of the manifold portion, and the compressor 12a rotates when the turbine 12b is driven by exhaust.
- a diesel particulate filter (hereinafter referred to as “DPF”) 32 as an “exhaust filter” according to the present embodiment is installed downstream of the turbine 12b.
- the DPF 32 has a cylindrical filter carrier 321 and is built in the housing.
- the filter carrier 321 is a honeycomb carrier on which a catalyst (NOx reduction catalyst) for promoting a NOx reduction reaction with ammonia is supported.
- the exhaust passage 31 is connected to the intake passage 11 (in this embodiment, the surge tank 13) by an EGR pipe 33. Exhaust gas is recirculated to the intake passage 11 via the EGR pipe 33. An EGR valve 34 is interposed in the EGR pipe 33, whereby the flow rate of the exhaust gas recirculated is controlled.
- the exhaust purification apparatus collects particulates in the exhaust by the filter carrier 321 of the DPF 32, and reduces and purifies NOx in the exhaust by the NOx reduction catalyst supported on the filter carrier 321. is there.
- a urea water tank 41 is provided, and ammonia as a reducing agent is stored in the urea water tank 41 in the form of a urea aqueous solution.
- the urea water stored in the urea water tank 41 is supplied to the urea water addition unit 42 via the urea water supply pipe.
- the urea water addition unit 42 and the next urea water injection nozzle 44 constitute an air assist type injector, and the urea water addition unit 42 incorporates an electric feed pump. .
- the urea water supplied to the urea water addition unit 42 is mixed with compressed air supplied from an air tank (not shown) through the air supply pipe 43 and is injected into the exhaust gas through the urea water injection nozzle 44.
- Urea in the injected urea water is hydrolyzed by exhaust heat and generates ammonia.
- the urea water injection nozzle 44 is installed upstream of the DPF 32 so as to penetrate the tube wall of the exhaust passage 31 inward.
- the injection direction is not particularly limited, but is parallel to the exhaust flow.
- And is set toward the upstream end face (32a) of the DPF 32.
- the urea water addition unit 42 and the urea water injection nozzle 44 constitute a “supply device” for urea water.
- urea addition is not limited to the air assist type described here, and as shown in FIG. 4, a booster pump for forming an injection pressure instead of the urea water addition unit 42 (and the air supply pipe 43). 51, and urea water whose pressure has been increased to a predetermined pressure by the pump 51 may be injected by the urea water injection nozzle 44.
- the “supply device” of urea water is constituted by the booster pump 51 and the urea water injection nozzle 44.
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the DPF 32 by a longitudinal section including the central axis of the filter carrier 321.
- the DPF 32 has both a particulate collection function and a NOx reduction function.
- the filter carrier 321 is a wall flow type honeycomb carrier, and is defined by a plurality of cell passages p1 and p2 extending along the flow of exhaust gas by partition walls having pores of a size capable of collecting particulates. Has been. The pores form a passage when the exhaust gas passes through the partition wall of the filter carrier 321.
- Adjacent cell passages p1 and p2 are alternately closed on the inlet side or outlet side by the sealing materials 322 and 322, so that the cell passage (hereinafter referred to as “inlet side passage”) p1 opened on the inlet side, and the outlet A cell passage (hereinafter referred to as “exit-side passage”) p ⁇ b> 2 that opens on the side is formed.
- the inlet side passage p1 communicates with the exhaust passage 31a upstream of the DPF 32, and the outlet side passage p2 communicates with the exhaust passage 31b downstream of the DPF 32.
- the filter carrier 321 carries a plurality of catalysts c1 to c4 having different functions along the flow of exhaust gas inside the carrier. Specifically, a urea hydrolysis catalyst c1 is formed on a portion (corresponding to a “first portion”) forming an upstream portion of the inlet-side passage p1 in the inner wall of the filter carrier 321 forming the inlet-side passage p1. And a NOx reduction catalyst c2 is supported on a portion downstream of the inner wall portion on the inlet side (corresponding to a “second portion”).
- the first portion for supporting the urea hydrolysis catalyst c1 and the second portion for supporting the NOx reduction catalyst (corresponding to “first NOx reduction catalyst”) c2 It is set continuously in the direction of the axis.
- the NOx reduction catalyst c3 is supported on a portion (corresponding to a “third portion”) that forms an upstream portion of the outlet side passage p2 in the inner wall of the carrier that forms the outlet side passage p2, and this outlet side An oxidation catalyst c4 is supported on a portion downstream of the inner wall portion (corresponding to a “fourth portion”).
- the third part for supporting the NOx reduction catalyst (corresponding to the “second NOx reduction catalyst”) c3 and the fourth part for supporting the oxidation catalyst c4 are arranged in the direction of the central axis.
- the downstream end of the third portion is set downstream of the downstream end of the first portion, and the downstream end of the fourth portion is set downstream of the second portion. It is set downstream from the side end.
- the oxidation catalyst c4 is for purifying slip ammonia that has passed through the NOx reduction catalysts c2 and c3 without contributing to the reduction of NOx, and corresponds to a “first oxidation catalyst”.
- the urea hydrolysis catalyst c1 is added to the inner wall portion on the inlet side and is also carried on the end surface 32a on the inlet side of the exhaust filter 32.
- FIG. 3 shows the DPF 32 as viewed from the upstream side with respect to the exhaust flow.
- the urea hydrolysis catalyst c1 is carried over the entire end face 32a of the exhaust filter 32 formed by the upstream sealing material 322 and the partition wall of the filter carrier 321.
- the operation of the urea water addition unit 42 is controlled by a command signal (urea addition control signal) from the exhaust gas purification ECU 101.
- the ECU 101 is configured as an electronic control unit with a built-in microcomputer.
- the ECU 101 receives signals relating to the operating conditions of the engine 1 (in accordance with the engine speed NE and the fuel injection amount QF) from an engine control ECU (not shown). Signal) and a signal from the exhaust pipe temperature sensor 151 for detecting the exhaust temperature Texh upstream of the DPF 32 are input.
- the ECU 101 calculates an optimal urea water injection amount according to the operating conditions of the engine 1 based on the input signal, and sends a urea addition control signal in accordance with the calculated urea water injection amount to the urea water addition unit 42. Output.
- urea water in an amount corresponding to the operation conditions of the engine 1 is supplied to the exhaust gas by the urea water addition unit 42 and the urea water injection nozzle 44.
- the urea in the urea water undergoes hydrolysis on the hydrolysis catalyst c1 supported on the inner wall portion (first portion) on the inlet side, and ammonia as a reducing agent is generated.
- the urea hydrolysis catalyst c1 is added to the inner wall portion on the inlet side, and is supported on the entire end surface 32a on the inlet side of the DPF 32 where the exhaust gas easily comes into contact.
- urea is hydrolyzed by the hydrolysis catalyst c1 supported on the inner wall portion on the inlet side of the filter carrier 321 and the end surface 32a on the inlet side, and the ammonia generated thereby is converted into the inlet side and
- the NOx can be reduced by supplying it to the NOx reduction catalysts c1 and c2 carried on the inner wall portions on the outlet side.
- NOx reduction catalysts c2 and c3 are carried on each.
- the NOx reduction catalyst c3 on the outlet side intersects the flow of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust filter 32 with respect to the inner wall portion carrying the hydrolysis catalyst c1 (in this embodiment, perpendicular to the direction of the central axis). In the radial direction) and is carried on a portion shifted to the downstream side. Therefore, the ammonia passing through the partition wall of the filter carrier 321 from the inner wall portion supporting the hydrolysis catalyst c1 is supplied to the NOx reduction catalyst c3 on the outlet side, and the other ammonia is supplied to the NOx reduction catalyst c2 on the inlet side. Thus, it can contribute to the reduction of NOx.
- slip ammonia is oxidized by the oxidation catalyst c4 supported on the inner wall of the carrier that forms the most downstream portion of the outlet side passage p2, and this is prevented from being released into the atmosphere without being purified. Can do.
- the urea hydrolysis catalyst c1, the inlet side and outlet side NOx reduction catalysts c2 and c3, and the oxidation catalyst c4 for purifying slip ammonia are selected by urea in the DPF 32. Since a series of chemical reactions related to catalytic reduction are arranged in this order, NOx in the exhaust gas can be efficiently purified inside the filter, including the treatment of slip ammonia. Further, according to the present embodiment, in addition to the reduction of NOx, particulates in the exhaust gas can be collected and removed by the filter carrier 321, so that the release of NOx and particulates into the atmosphere is reduced throughout the system. Can be suppressed by a compact configuration.
- the urea hydrolysis catalyst c1 is added to the inner wall portion on the inlet side and is also supported on the end surface 32a on the inlet side of the DPF 32. Since the end surface 32a on the inlet side faces the flow of exhaust gas, it is easy to come into contact with the exhaust gas. Therefore, the amount of ammonia generated can be supplemented by the hydrolysis catalyst c1 supported on the end face 32a. Therefore, the amount of hydrolysis catalyst c1 supported on the inner wall of the carrier is reduced, and the inner wall portion on the inlet side where the NOx reduction catalyst c2 is supported. Can be secured.
- the NOx reduction catalyst c2 can be supported on the inner wall portion on the inlet side, the NOx reduction catalyst c3 supported on the inner wall portion on the outlet side is decreased, and the oxidation catalyst c4 for slip ammonia purification is reduced in the single DPF 32. It is possible to secure a sufficient space for supporting the.
- an oxidation catalyst 61 as a “second oxidation catalyst” may be installed upstream of the DPF 32.
- the oxidation catalyst 61 oxidizes hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas, converts nitrogen monoxide in the exhaust gas into NOx mainly containing nitrogen dioxide (hereinafter referred to as “NO 2”), and outputs it to the exhaust gas. This is for adjusting the ratio of NO and NO2 contained therein to an optimal one for the reduction reaction of NOx.
- the present invention can be applied not only to a direct injection type diesel engine but also to other types of diesel engines and gasoline engines such as a sub-chamber type.
- the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, the scope of the present invention is not limited to this description, and is determined according to the applicable provisions based on the description of the claims.
- control unit of exhaust purification system 151 ... exhaust pipe temperature sensor, c1 ... urea hydrolysis catalyst, c2 ... NOx reduction catalyst as "first NOx reduction catalyst”, c ... NOx reduction catalyst as the “second NOx reduction catalyst”, c4 ... oxidation catalyst as "first oxidation catalysts", p1 ... inlet channel, p2 ... outlet passage.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
Abstract
Description
具体的には、第1及び第2のNOx還元触媒は、第1の部分よりも下流側の入口側通路の内壁部分(第2の部分)と、出口側通路の内壁部分(第3の部分)に担持させている。ここで、第3の部分は、第1の部分に対して排気フィルタに流入する排気の流れに交差する方向に重なり合うか又はこれよりも下流側の部分であることから、第1の部分から隔壁を通過するアンモニアについては第2のNOx還元触媒に供給し、それ以外のアンモニアについては第1のNOx還元触媒に供給して、NOxの還元に寄与させることができる。そして、本発明では、第3の部分よりも下流側の出口側通路の内壁部分(第4の部分)に担持させた酸化触媒によりスリップアンモニアを酸化させ、アンモニアが未浄化のまま大気中に放出されるのを回避することができる。
優先権主張の基礎となる日本国特許出願第2008-182579号の内容は、その全体が本願の一部として組み込まれ、参照される。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る排気浄化装置を搭載したエンジン(以下「エンジン」という。)1の全体的な構成を示している。本実施形態では、エンジン1として直噴型のディーゼルエンジンを採用している。
吸気通路11の導入部には、吸入空気中の粉塵を除去するためのエアクリーナ(図示せず。)が取り付けられている。また、吸気通路11には、可変ノズル型のターボチャージャ12のコンプレッサ12aが設置されており、このコンプレッサ12aにより圧縮された吸入空気は、サージタンク13を介して吸気通路11のマニホールド部に流入し、各気筒に分配される。
タービン12bの下流には、本実施形態に係る「排気フィルタ」としてのディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ(以下「DPF」という。)32が設置されている。本実施形態において、DPF32は、円筒状のフィルタ担体321を有し、ハウジングに内蔵されている。フィルタ担体321は、ハニカム担体であり、アンモニアによるNOxの還元反応を促進させるための触媒(NOx還元触媒)が担持されている。エンジン1の排気がこのDPF32を通過する際に、フィルタ担体321により排気中のパティキュレートが捕集されるとともに、NOx還元触媒により排気中のNOxが還元される。
以下、本実施形態に係る排気浄化装置の構成及び排気浄化のプロセスについて、図1を参照して説明する。
本実施形態において、DPF32は、パティキュレートの捕集機能とNOxの還元機能とを併有するものである。フィルタ担体321は、ウォールフロー型のハニカム担体であり、パティキュレートを捕集可能な大きさの細孔を有する隔壁により、内部が排気の流れに沿って伸びる複数のセル通路p1,p2に画成されている。この細孔により、排気がフィルタ担体321の隔壁を通過する際の通路が形成される。隣り合うセル通路p1,p2が目封じ材322,322により入口側又は出口側で交互に閉塞されることで、入口側で開口するセル通路(以下「入口側通路」という。)p1と、出口側で開口するセル通路(以下「出口側通路」という。)p2とが形成されている。入口側通路p1は、DPF32よりも上流側の排気通路31aに連通し、出口側通路p2は、DPF32よりも下流側の排気通路31bに連通している。
エンジン1の運転時において、排気に対し、尿素水添加ユニット42及び尿素水噴射ノズル44によりエンジン1の運転条件に応じた量の尿素水が供給される。この尿素水中の尿素が入口側の内壁部分(第1の部分)に担持させた加水分解触媒c1上で加水分解を生じ、還元剤であるアンモニアが発生する。本実施形態では、尿素の加水分解触媒c1を入口側の内壁部分に加え、排気が接触し易いDPF32の入口側の端面32a全体に担持させているため、アンモニアは、DPF32の内部ばかりでなく、この端面32a上でも発生する。発生したアンモニアの一部は、図中矢印Faで示すように、加水分解触媒c1が担持された内壁部分からフィルタ担体321の隔壁を通過して、出口側のNOx還元触媒c3に供給される。他方、それ以外のアンモニアは、図中矢印Fbで示すように、入口側のNOx還元触媒c2に供給され、このNOx還元触媒c2が担持された内壁部分(第2の部分)から隔壁を通過する。入口側及び出口側のNOx還元触媒c2,c3によりNOxの還元反応が促進され、排気中のNOxが低減される。各NOx還元触媒c2,c3によるNOxの還元に寄与しなかったスリップアンモニアは、出口側通路p2の最下流部を形成する担体内壁に担持させた酸化触媒c4により浄化される。
(NH2)2CO+H2O → 2NH3+CO2 ・・・(1)
NO+NO2+2NH3 → 2N2+3H2O ・・・(2)
4NH3+3O2 → 2N2+6H2O ・・・(3)
本実施形態によれば、次のような効果を得ることができる。
具体的には、本実施形態では、加水分解触媒c1を担持させたフィルタ担体321の内壁部分よりも下流側の内壁部分(第2の部分)と、出口側の内壁部分(第3の部分)とのそれぞれにNOx還元触媒c2,c3を担持させている。ここで、出口側のNOx還元触媒c3は、加水分解触媒c1を担持させた内壁部分に対して排気フィルタ32に流入する排気の流れに交差する方向(本実施形態では、中心軸の方向に垂直な径方向)に重なり合い、かつ下流側にずらした部分に担持させている。従って、加水分解触媒c1を担持させた内壁部分からフィルタ担体321の隔壁を通過するアンモニアについては出口側のNOx還元触媒c3に供給し、それ以外のアンモニアについては入口側のNOx還元触媒c2に供給して、NOxの還元に寄与させることができる。そして、本実施形態では、出口側通路p2の最下流部を形成する担体内壁に担持させた酸化触媒c4によりスリップアンモニアを酸化させ、これが未浄化のまま大気中に放出されるのを回避することができる。
以上では、本発明について好ましい実施の形態により説明したが、本発明の範囲は、この説明に何ら制限されるものではなく、請求の範囲の記載をもとに、適用条文に従い判断される。
Claims (12)
- 排気中のパティキュレートをろ過により捕集可能な隔壁を有し、内部の空間が前記隔壁により排気の流れに沿って伸びる複数のセル通路に区画された排気フィルタであって、隣り合うセル通路が目封じ材により入口側又は出口側で交互に閉塞されて、入口側で開口するセル通路である入口側通路と、出口側で開口するセル通路である出口側通路とが形成された排気フィルタを含んで構成され、
前記排気フィルタは、
前記入口側通路の内壁の第1の部分に担持された尿素の加水分解触媒と、
前記入口側通路の内壁のうち、前記第1の部分よりも下流側の第2の部分に担持された第1のNOx還元触媒と、
前記入口側通路に対して前記隔壁を挟んで隣り合う前記出口側通路の内壁のうち、前記第1の部分に対し、前記排気フィルタに流入する排気の流れに交差する方向に重なり合うか又はこれよりも下流側の第3の部分に担持された第2のNOx還元触媒と、
前記出口側通路の内壁のうち、前記第3の部分よりも下流側であって、前記第2の部分に対して前記交差する方向に重なり合うか又はこれよりも下流側の第4の部分に担持された第1の酸化触媒と、
を含んで構成されるエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 前記第1の部分が前記入口側通路の内壁の入口側の端縁を含む請求項1に記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。
- 前記尿素の加水分解触媒が、前記第1の部分に加え、前記目封じ材により形成される前記排気フィルタの入口側の端面に担持された請求項1に記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。
- 排気中のパティキュレートをろ過により捕集可能な隔壁を有し、内部の空間が前記隔壁により排気の流れに沿って伸びる複数のセル通路に区画された排気フィルタであって、隣り合うセル通路が目封じ材により入口側又は出口側で交互に閉塞されて、入口側で開口するセル通路である入口側通路と、出口側で開口するセル通路である出口側通路とが形成された排気フィルタを含んで構成され、
前記排気フィルタは、
前記入口側通路の内壁に担持された尿素の加水分解触媒と、
前記入口側通路の内壁において、前記加水分解触媒よりも下流側で担持された第1のNOx還元触媒と、
前記出口側通路の内壁に担持された第2のNOx還元触媒と、
前記出口側通路の内壁において、前記第2のNOx還元触媒よりも下流側で担持された第1の酸化触媒と、
を含んで構成され、
前記排気フィルタを通過する排気の経路として、前記加水分解触媒及び前記第1のNOx還元触媒を介して前記第1の酸化触媒に至る第1の経路と、前記加水分解触媒及び前記第2のNOx還元触媒を介して前記第1の酸化触媒に至る第2の経路とが形成されるエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 排気中のパティキュレートをろ過により捕集可能な隔壁を有し、内部の空間が前記隔壁により排気の流れに沿って伸びる複数のセル通路に区画された排気フィルタであって、隣り合うセル通路が目封じ材により入口側又は出口側で交互に閉塞されて、入口側で開口するセル通路である入口側通路と、出口側で開口するセル通路である出口側通路とが形成された排気フィルタを含んで構成され、
前記排気フィルタは、
前記目封じ材により形成される前記排気フィルタの入口側の端面に担持された尿素の加水分解触媒と、
前記排気フィルタの第1の部分において、前記出口側通路の内壁に担持された出口側NOx還元触媒と、
前記排気フィルタのうち、前記第1の部分よりも下流側の第2の部分において、前記入口側通路の内壁に担持された入口側NOx還元触媒と、
を含んで構成されるエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 前記排気フィルタは、前記出口側NOx還元触媒よりも下流側で前記出口側通路の内壁に担持された第1の酸化触媒を更に含んで構成される請求項5に記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。
- 前記排気フィルタの上流側でエンジンの排気に尿素水を供給可能に配設された尿素水の供給装置を更に含んで構成される請求項1に記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。
- 前記排気フィルタの上流側でエンジンの排気に尿素水を供給可能に配設された尿素水の供給装置を更に含んで構成される請求項4に記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。
- 前記排気フィルタの上流側でエンジンの排気に尿素水を供給可能に配設された尿素水の供給装置を更に含んで構成される請求項5に記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。
- 前記排気フィルタの上流側に設けられた第2の酸化触媒を更に含んで構成される請求項7に記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。
- 前記排気フィルタの上流側に設けられた第2の酸化触媒を更に含んで構成される請求項8に記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。
- 前記排気フィルタの上流側に設けられた第2の酸化触媒を更に含んで構成される請求項9に記載のエンジンの排気浄化装置。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2009/067728 WO2011045847A1 (ja) | 2009-10-13 | 2009-10-13 | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
| EP09850389A EP2489844A1 (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2009-10-13 | Exhaust purification device for engine |
| CN2009801619177A CN102575544A (zh) | 2009-10-13 | 2009-10-13 | 发动机的排气净化装置 |
| US13/444,240 US8713922B2 (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2012-04-11 | Engine exhaust purification device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2009/067728 WO2011045847A1 (ja) | 2009-10-13 | 2009-10-13 | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/444,240 Continuation US8713922B2 (en) | 2009-10-13 | 2012-04-11 | Engine exhaust purification device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011045847A1 true WO2011045847A1 (ja) | 2011-04-21 |
Family
ID=43875907
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2009/067728 Ceased WO2011045847A1 (ja) | 2009-10-13 | 2009-10-13 | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8713922B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2489844A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102575544A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2011045847A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL2006993C2 (nl) * | 2011-05-02 | 2012-11-05 | Daf Trucks Nv | Uitlaatgassysteem voor een dieselmotor. |
| US20120304623A1 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust gas aftertreatment device and method for a gasoline engine |
| CN104053877A (zh) * | 2012-01-14 | 2014-09-17 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | 具有排气系统的发动机缸体装置 |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6028710B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-11-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP6107762B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-04 | 2017-04-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
| EP3254759B1 (en) | 2015-02-17 | 2019-04-03 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
| JP6472677B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-17 | 2019-02-20 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
| US11585253B2 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2023-02-21 | Cummins Emission Solutions Inc. | Converging liquid reductant injector nozzle in selective catalytic reduction systems |
| JP6605522B2 (ja) | 2017-03-09 | 2019-11-13 | 株式会社キャタラー | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
| PL3601755T3 (pl) | 2017-03-23 | 2022-03-21 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Katalitycznie aktywny filtr cząstek |
| CN109420430A (zh) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-05 | 游素月 | 触媒式滤芯 |
| BR112020019511A2 (pt) | 2018-03-29 | 2021-01-05 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Sistema de purificação de gás de escape, e, método para a purificação de gás de escape |
| US11266982B2 (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2022-03-08 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004060494A (ja) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP2005105970A (ja) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
| JP2006183507A (ja) | 2004-12-27 | 2006-07-13 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP2007501107A (ja) * | 2003-08-05 | 2007-01-25 | ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト | 触媒装置およびリーン条件下で運転される内燃機関の排ガスを浄化する方法 |
| JP2009036084A (ja) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10022842A1 (de) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-22 | Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts | Strukturierter Katalysator für die selektive Reduktion von Stickoxiden mittels Ammoniak unter Verwendung einer zu Ammoniak hydrolysierbaren Verbindung |
| DE10054877A1 (de) * | 2000-11-06 | 2002-05-29 | Omg Ag & Co Kg | Abgasreinigungsanlage für die selektive katalytische Reduktion von Stickoxiden unter mageren Abgasbedingungen und Verfahren zur Abgasreinigung |
| JP2004251245A (ja) | 2003-02-21 | 2004-09-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 触媒付きフィルタ及びそのフィルタを用いた排気浄化装置 |
| FR2853349B1 (fr) * | 2003-04-04 | 2007-07-06 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Bloc filtrant pour la filtration de particules contenues dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne |
| US20070048204A1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-01 | Rahul Mital | Flash injector for NH3-SCR NOx aftertreatment |
| JP4638892B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2011-02-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| US7908845B2 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2011-03-22 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Mixing apparatus for an exhaust after-treatment system |
-
2009
- 2009-10-13 EP EP09850389A patent/EP2489844A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-10-13 WO PCT/JP2009/067728 patent/WO2011045847A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2009-10-13 CN CN2009801619177A patent/CN102575544A/zh active Pending
-
2012
- 2012-04-11 US US13/444,240 patent/US8713922B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004060494A (ja) * | 2002-07-26 | 2004-02-26 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP2007501107A (ja) * | 2003-08-05 | 2007-01-25 | ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト | 触媒装置およびリーン条件下で運転される内燃機関の排ガスを浄化する方法 |
| JP2005105970A (ja) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
| JP2006183507A (ja) | 2004-12-27 | 2006-07-13 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
| JP2009036084A (ja) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL2006993C2 (nl) * | 2011-05-02 | 2012-11-05 | Daf Trucks Nv | Uitlaatgassysteem voor een dieselmotor. |
| WO2012158022A1 (en) * | 2011-05-02 | 2012-11-22 | Daf Trucks N.V. | Exhaust system for a diesel engine |
| US20120304623A1 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust gas aftertreatment device and method for a gasoline engine |
| US9238982B2 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2016-01-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust gas aftertreatment device and method for a gasoline engine |
| CN104053877A (zh) * | 2012-01-14 | 2014-09-17 | 戴姆勒股份公司 | 具有排气系统的发动机缸体装置 |
| JP2015509160A (ja) * | 2012-01-14 | 2015-03-26 | ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトDaimler AG | 排気ガスシステムを備えるエンジンブロック構造 |
| US9488090B2 (en) | 2012-01-14 | 2016-11-08 | Daimler Ag | Cylinder block arrangement with an exhaust gas system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120222411A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
| US8713922B2 (en) | 2014-05-06 |
| CN102575544A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
| EP2489844A1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8713922B2 (en) | Engine exhaust purification device | |
| EP2290204B1 (en) | Exhaust gas purifier and system for exhaust gas purification | |
| CN100554657C (zh) | 内燃机的废气净化装置 | |
| JP5258426B2 (ja) | エンジンの排気浄化装置 | |
| US20100199643A1 (en) | Exhaust gas purification system | |
| US20100326054A1 (en) | Exhaust gas purification system | |
| CN101395348A (zh) | 排气后处理系统以及排气净化方法 | |
| JP2009091982A (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
| CN102822464B (zh) | 内燃机排出气体的后处理装置 | |
| US20130047583A1 (en) | Aftertreatment system | |
| JP5020185B2 (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
| JP2009091984A (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
| JP5107787B2 (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
| US20110047991A1 (en) | Exhaust gas purification apparatus | |
| CN101336337A (zh) | 废气后处理系统 | |
| JP2012092746A (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
| JP6020105B2 (ja) | ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス浄化方法及び排気ガス浄化システム | |
| JP2009097435A (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
| CN118140041A (zh) | 具有氨燃烧发动机和与之相连的废气净化设备的内燃发动机系统及其运行方法 | |
| JP5569667B2 (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
| JP5224269B2 (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
| JP4671834B2 (ja) | エンジンの排ガス浄化装置 | |
| WO2015075793A1 (ja) | 排気浄化装置及びその再生方法 | |
| JP5188477B2 (ja) | 排気浄化装置 | |
| JP2009220033A (ja) | 排気浄化触媒装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200980161917.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09850389 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 3980/DELNP/2012 Country of ref document: IN |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2009850389 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP |