WO2011101647A2 - Energy storage systems - Google Patents

Energy storage systems Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011101647A2
WO2011101647A2 PCT/GB2011/000239 GB2011000239W WO2011101647A2 WO 2011101647 A2 WO2011101647 A2 WO 2011101647A2 GB 2011000239 W GB2011000239 W GB 2011000239W WO 2011101647 A2 WO2011101647 A2 WO 2011101647A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
main container
container
energy storage
carbon dioxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2011/000239
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2011101647A3 (en
Inventor
Hilary Champion
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2011101647A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011101647A2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2011101647A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011101647A3/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/005—Installations wherein the liquid circulates in a closed loop ; Alleged perpetua mobilia of this or similar kind
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to energy storage systems and has for its object the provision of an improved form of energy storage system.
  • an energy storage system which includes a main container to which water can be pumped, an auxiliary container that contains a prescribed material (as hereinafter defined) in both liquid and gaseous form, a line connecting the auxiliary container to the main container so that there is gaseous prescribed material in the upper part of the main container, a barrier separating the gaseous prescribed material in the main container from the water in the main container and means permitting the discharge of water under pressure from the main container so as to operate a generator.
  • the prescribed material is a gas having a critical temperature greater than -20° C and a critical pressure in excess of 5 atmospheres.
  • the preferred material is carbon dioxide, which has a critical temperature of 31.1° C and a critical pressure of 73 atmospheres.
  • the barrier separating the gaseous carbon dioxide in the main container from the water in the main container is preferably a layer of a liquid paraffin that floats on top of the water in the main container.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an energy storage system in accordance with the present invention.
  • the energy storage system shown in the drawings includes a main cylinder 1 that contains water and gaseous carbon dioxide with a layer of a liquid paraffin floating on top of the water and providing a barrier between the water and the gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • the liquid paraffin has a specific gravity within the range of from 0.78 and 0.81.
  • the main container 1 is connected by a line 8 containing an automatic shut-off valve (not shown) to a smaller or auxiliary cylinder 2 that contains liquid carbon dioxide and gaseous carbon dioxide.
  • the liquid carbon dioxide in the auxiliary container 2 can be stored at ambient conditions under moderate pressure.
  • the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is 31.1° C and the critical pressure is 73 atmospheres.
  • a pump 4 is provided for pumping water along a line 9 from a sump or holding tank 5 to the main cylinder 1 and the water in the main cylinder 1 can be returned to the sump or holding tank 5 via a line containing an impulse turbine and generator 3.
  • the size of the small container 2 relative to that of the main container 1 is such that, when there is almost no water in the main container 1, some of the carbon dioxide in the small container 2 will still be in liquid form.
  • the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is 31.1 ° C and, as the base temperature of the system is determined by the temperature of the water in the holding tank 5, rather than the air temperature at the time, the system is always sub-critical.
  • the main cylinder 1 and the auxiliary cylinder 2 may be constructed using wither steel plate or an inner shell of steel sheet surrounded by reinforced concrete. They should be designed to withstand pressures of up to 75 atmospheres, although the actual working pressure will vary seasonally from around 40 atmospheres in winter up to between 55 and 60 atmospheres in summer.
  • the system operates entirely within the two phase region.
  • a proportion of the liquid carbon dioxide vaporizes to maintain the equilibrium pressure.
  • the gas extracts its heat of vaporization from the liquid at the surface, causing it to loose heat.
  • this liquid carbon dioxide is then denser than the remainder of the liquid carbon dioxide, it will settle at the base of the auxiliary cylinder 2. For this reason, during periods when power is being generated, water from the holding tank 5 is supplied to the tank 12 around the lower part of the auxiliary cylinder 2, to restore the lost heat energy.
  • a section of line 8 is contained within water jacket 13 in order to transfer the heat energy being given up to the circulating water rather than to the liquid carbon dioxide while the system is being filled.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

An energy storage system includes a main container (1) to which water can be pumped, an auxiliary container (2) that contains a prescribed material, e.g. carbon dioxide, in both liquid and gaseous form, a line (8) connecting the auxiliary container (2) to the main container (1 ) so that there is gaseous prescribed material in the upper part of the main container (1), a barrier separating the gaseous prescribed material in the main container (1) from the water in the main container (1) and means permitting the discharge of water under pressure from the main container (1) so as to operate a turbine and generator (3).

Description

ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to energy storage systems and has for its object the provision of an improved form of energy storage system.
Summary of the Invention
According to the present invention there is provided an energy storage system which includes a main container to which water can be pumped, an auxiliary container that contains a prescribed material (as hereinafter defined) in both liquid and gaseous form, a line connecting the auxiliary container to the main container so that there is gaseous prescribed material in the upper part of the main container, a barrier separating the gaseous prescribed material in the main container from the water in the main container and means permitting the discharge of water under pressure from the main container so as to operate a generator. The prescribed material is a gas having a critical temperature greater than -20° C and a critical pressure in excess of 5 atmospheres. The preferred material is carbon dioxide, which has a critical temperature of 31.1° C and a critical pressure of 73 atmospheres.
The barrier separating the gaseous carbon dioxide in the main container from the water in the main container is preferably a layer of a liquid paraffin that floats on top of the water in the main container.
Brief Description of the Drawing
Figure 1 is a schematic view of an energy storage system in accordance with the present invention.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
The energy storage system shown in the drawings includes a main cylinder 1 that contains water and gaseous carbon dioxide with a layer of a liquid paraffin floating on top of the water and providing a barrier between the water and the gaseous carbon dioxide. The liquid paraffin has a specific gravity within the range of from 0.78 and 0.81. The main container 1 is connected by a line 8 containing an automatic shut-off valve (not shown) to a smaller or auxiliary cylinder 2 that contains liquid carbon dioxide and gaseous carbon dioxide. There is a pressure gauge and relief valve 6 connected to the line 8. The liquid carbon dioxide in the auxiliary container 2 can be stored at ambient conditions under moderate pressure. The critical temperature of carbon dioxide is 31.1° C and the critical pressure is 73 atmospheres.
A pump 4 is provided for pumping water along a line 9 from a sump or holding tank 5 to the main cylinder 1 and the water in the main cylinder 1 can be returned to the sump or holding tank 5 via a line containing an impulse turbine and generator 3. There is a circulation pump 7 for the circulation of water along a line 11 to a tank 12 that surrounds the auxiliary cylinder 2 and to a jacket 13 fitted around the line 8 connecting the auxiliary cylinder 2 to the main cylinder 1.
Energy is thus supplied to the system on operation of the pump 4 and discharged via the turbine and generator 3. A substantial amount of energy can be stored in the system. 44 grams of liquid carbon dioxide, when evaporated, produces 22.4 liters of gaseous carbon dioxide at STP. Electricity from the mains supply is used to drive the pumps 4 and 7 for moving water from the holding tank 5 into the system when supply exceeds demand, and can be recovered via the turbine and generator 3 when required.
The size of the small container 2 relative to that of the main container 1 is such that, when there is almost no water in the main container 1, some of the carbon dioxide in the small container 2 will still be in liquid form. As mentioned above, the critical temperature of carbon dioxide is 31.1 ° C and, as the base temperature of the system is determined by the temperature of the water in the holding tank 5, rather than the air temperature at the time, the system is always sub-critical. The main cylinder 1 and the auxiliary cylinder 2 may be constructed using wither steel plate or an inner shell of steel sheet surrounded by reinforced concrete. They should be designed to withstand pressures of up to 75 atmospheres, although the actual working pressure will vary seasonally from around 40 atmospheres in winter up to between 55 and 60 atmospheres in summer.
The system operates entirely within the two phase region. Thus, when water exits from the main cylinder 1 and passes to the turbine 3, a proportion of the liquid carbon dioxide vaporizes to maintain the equilibrium pressure. The gas extracts its heat of vaporization from the liquid at the surface, causing it to loose heat. As this liquid carbon dioxide is then denser than the remainder of the liquid carbon dioxide, it will settle at the base of the auxiliary cylinder 2. For this reason, during periods when power is being generated, water from the holding tank 5 is supplied to the tank 12 around the lower part of the auxiliary cylinder 2, to restore the lost heat energy.
In addition, when water is pumped into the main cylinder 1 , the gas being liquefied will give off its heat of vaporization to the liquid carbon dioxide, raising its temperature and hence the equilibrium pressure. To mitigate this effect, a section of line 8 is contained within water jacket 13 in order to transfer the heat energy being given up to the circulating water rather than to the liquid carbon dioxide while the system is being filled.
Although carbon dioxide has a relatively high heat of vaporization, the specific heats of water and liquid carbon dioxide, at 4.181 and of the order of 0.8 J/g.K respectively, mean that the heating/cooling effect on the water in the holding tank 5 will be fairly small.

Claims

Claims:-
1. An energy storage system which includes a main container to which water can be pumped, an auxiliary container that contains a prescribed material (as herein defined) in both liquid and gaseous form, a line connecting the auxiliary container to the main container so that there is gaseous prescribed material in the upper part of the main container, a barrier separating the gaseous prescribed material in the main container from the water in the main container and means permitting the discharge of water under pressure from the main container so as to operate a generator.
2. An energy storage system as claimed in Claim 1 , in which the prescribed material is carbon dioxide.
3. An energy storage system as claimed in Claim 2, in which the barrier separating the gaseous carbon dioxide in the main container from the water in the main container is a layer of a liquid paraffin that floats on top of the water in the main container.
4. An energy storage system as claimed in Claim 1 , in which there is a holding tank from which water can be pumped into the main container and to which the water discharged under pressure is supplied, the holding tank being connected by a line leading to a water tank surrounding the lower part of the auxiliary container.
5. An energy storage system as claimed in Claim 4, in which there is a water jacket surrounding a part of the line connecting the auxiliary cylinder to the main cylinder.
PCT/GB2011/000239 2010-02-22 2011-02-22 Energy storage systems Ceased WO2011101647A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1002937.9A GB201002937D0 (en) 2010-02-22 2010-02-22 Energy storage device
GB1002937.9 2010-02-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011101647A2 true WO2011101647A2 (en) 2011-08-25
WO2011101647A3 WO2011101647A3 (en) 2013-11-14

Family

ID=42114153

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2011/000239 Ceased WO2011101647A2 (en) 2010-02-22 2011-02-22 Energy storage systems

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB201002937D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2011101647A2 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT13733U1 (en) * 2013-03-25 2014-07-15 Garamanta Beteiligungs Gmbh accumulator
WO2015043747A1 (en) * 2013-09-25 2015-04-02 Emil Bächli Energietechnik Ag Method and system for combined pump water pressure-compressed air energy storage at constant turbine water pressure
DE102014003071A1 (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-03 Richard Weiss Energy storage system in the wind boiler
EP3184807A1 (en) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-28 Joseph Maier System for energy storage and recovery
WO2017174047A1 (en) * 2016-04-08 2017-10-12 Dirk Weber Power storage with black starting capability on the basis of pressurized air and water
WO2019194676A1 (en) * 2018-04-06 2019-10-10 Itrec B.V. Storage of energy
US10837360B2 (en) 2018-03-13 2020-11-17 Maxim Raskin System for energy storage and recovery

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0196690B1 (en) * 1985-03-28 1989-10-18 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Energy storage and recovery
US4849648A (en) * 1987-08-24 1989-07-18 Columbia Energy Storage, Inc. Compressed gas system and method
WO2008139267A1 (en) * 2007-05-09 2008-11-20 Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (Epfl) Energy storage systems
DE102008040393A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-21 Aufleger, Markus, Prof. Dr. Hydraulic large energy storage

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT13733U1 (en) * 2013-03-25 2014-07-15 Garamanta Beteiligungs Gmbh accumulator
WO2014153583A1 (en) * 2013-03-25 2014-10-02 Garamanta Beteiligungs Gmbh Device for storing energy
WO2015043747A1 (en) * 2013-09-25 2015-04-02 Emil Bächli Energietechnik Ag Method and system for combined pump water pressure-compressed air energy storage at constant turbine water pressure
US20160348637A1 (en) * 2013-09-25 2016-12-01 Emil Bächli Energietechnik Ag Method and system for combined pump water pressure-compressed air energy storage at constant turbine water pressure
US11067099B2 (en) 2013-09-25 2021-07-20 Emil Bächli Energietechnik Ag Method and system for combined pump water pressure-compressed air energy storage at constant turbine water pressure
DE102014003071A1 (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-03 Richard Weiss Energy storage system in the wind boiler
EP3184807A1 (en) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-28 Joseph Maier System for energy storage and recovery
EP3321501A1 (en) 2015-12-22 2018-05-16 Joseph Maier System for energy storage and recovery
WO2017174047A1 (en) * 2016-04-08 2017-10-12 Dirk Weber Power storage with black starting capability on the basis of pressurized air and water
US10837360B2 (en) 2018-03-13 2020-11-17 Maxim Raskin System for energy storage and recovery
WO2019194676A1 (en) * 2018-04-06 2019-10-10 Itrec B.V. Storage of energy
NL2020731B1 (en) * 2018-04-06 2019-10-14 Itrec Bv Storage of energy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011101647A3 (en) 2013-11-14
GB201002937D0 (en) 2010-04-07

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