WO2011120250A1 - 船舶压载水水处理方法和系统 - Google Patents

船舶压载水水处理方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011120250A1
WO2011120250A1 PCT/CN2010/072668 CN2010072668W WO2011120250A1 WO 2011120250 A1 WO2011120250 A1 WO 2011120250A1 CN 2010072668 W CN2010072668 W CN 2010072668W WO 2011120250 A1 WO2011120250 A1 WO 2011120250A1
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Prior art keywords
ballast water
water treatment
energy saving
filter
sterilization
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2010/072668
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹学磊
刘炳言
杜清华
郭忠升
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Qingdao Headway Technology Co Ltd
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Qingdao Headway Technology Co Ltd
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Application filed by Qingdao Headway Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Qingdao Headway Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP10838395.1A priority Critical patent/EP2540678A4/en
Priority to SG2012048401A priority patent/SG181987A1/en
Priority to JP2013501593A priority patent/JP5746750B2/ja
Priority to KR1020127009288A priority patent/KR20130012006A/ko
Priority to US13/500,062 priority patent/US20130062290A1/en
Publication of WO2011120250A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011120250A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C02F1/4674—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation with halogen or compound of halogens, e.g. chlorine, bromine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
    • C02F2001/46142—Catalytic coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/008—Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C02F2201/46135—Voltage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C02F2201/4614—Current
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
    • C02F2209/008—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC] comprising telecommunication features, e.g. modems or antennas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/40—Liquid flow rate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of environmental protection technology, in particular to a ballast water treatment method and system for efficient inactivation and energy saving.
  • ballast water is the best way to resolve pest infestation caused by ballast water.
  • IM0 pointed out that the control of ship ballast water pest invasion is a global concern. It is not recommended to adopt different governance systems to control ballast water in different regions.
  • the basic requirements are: processing on board; cost is acceptable, equipment is small, easy to operate; The marine nearshore water environment forms new pollution; the processing equipment and operation are safe and reliable.
  • ballast water Due to the huge amount of ballast water loaded on the ship and the short time required to deal with ballast water, coupled with the constraints of the sustainable development of the marine environment and the marine economy, the general methods (or medicaments) for killing microorganisms cannot meet the ballast of the ship.
  • the requirement for invasive alien species of water Although some methods are successful and effective in the laboratory, once used in the treatment of ship ballast water, it is difficult to meet the requirements of the marine environment and its sustainable development.
  • ballast water mainly include mechanical methods, physical methods and chemical methods. Below, we briefly introduce the above three methods.
  • Mechanical methods mainly include filtration, cyclonic separation, offshore replacement, sedimentation and flotation.
  • the cyclone separation technique removes larger organisms in the ballast water, but this method is limited when the ratio of microbes to seawater is close.
  • Offshore replacement methods require a redesign of the pipelines and compartments of existing vessels, and existing vessels are limited in their use and operation.
  • Precipitation and flotation methods have been studied in the theory of ballast water, but are not currently suitable for use on board.
  • the physical methods mainly include heat treatment, radiation technology, microwave technology and pressure transformation technology.
  • Heat treatment is to use the excess heat of the host to kill microorganisms in the ballast water. Heat treatment is feasible in terms of health and safety, but the discharged hot ballast water may cause environmental problems in public waters.
  • Ray technology includes ultraviolet technology and Y-ray technology.
  • the radiation of the radiation causes a chemical reaction of the components of the microorganism to achieve the effect of killing the bacteria. Due to the strong absorption of ultraviolet light by the water itself, the range of ultraviolet sterilization and the sterilization ability are restricted.
  • the ultraviolet sterilization technology is applied to the treatment of a small volume of water with a low load and a circulating water body.
  • the ultraviolet water treatment sterilization system disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 200510019793.2. US Patent Nos.
  • 20042004861 and US2005211639, and international patents WO2004002895 and WO2005110607 respectively introduce a continuous treatment of a ballast water device using ultraviolet rays generated by a plurality of sets of ultraviolet lamps; in addition, ultraviolet radiation combined with ultrasound can enhance the sterilization effect, as disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 200610023241.3
  • the acousto-optic sterilizing drinking water treatment device, and the seawater strong ultraviolet sterilizing filter applied to cultured seawater treatment disclosed in 200510104266.1; US Patent No. 5738780 combines ultraviolet sterilization with direct current catalysis for use in ballast water treatment.
  • Microwave technology includes various microwave technologies that use ultrasound. Ultrasonic waves not only have strong vibrations, but It also has cavitation and generates a large number of micro-jets, which can make the liquid have a strong impact on the container wall. Such a function is applied to ultrasonic cleaning and is also used to enhance the reaction effect, as disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 200510117457.1.
  • the micro-regional high pressure generated by ultrasonic cavitation can be used for cell disruption, but this effect is mostly achieved by concentrating ultrasonic energy in a small area. Therefore, the current ultrasonic technology and the corresponding water treatment device,
  • the small-volume water body can be used with a circulating water body, and the operability is relatively large, such as the sound and light sterilization drinking water treatment device disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 200610023241.3.
  • the patent JP2006007184 applies an ultrasonic transducer (28 ⁇ 200KHz) to the outer wall of the pipeline, and the ballast water passing through the pipeline is sterilized and algae-treated by ultrasonic waves; JP2005021814 provides a corresponding ballast-type ultrasonic sterilization algae removal device.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is installed on both sides of the box body, the water path passes through the box body, and the ultrasonic waves kill the microorganisms in the passing water body; neither of the two patents considers that the ultrasonic wave is installed on the opposite wall or the box body.
  • ballast water includes a pharmaceutical method, an electrolytic seawater method, a catalytic oxidation method, and the like.
  • Chinese Patent Application No. 02100332.7 discloses an oxidized bromine-containing composite biocide, bromochlorovir, which is used in the field of industrial water and in public places and sewage reuse;
  • Chinese Patent Application No. 200510025284.0 proposes a glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium salt An aldehyde compounding high-efficiency biocide;
  • 200510025395.1 discloses a biocide containing isothiazolinone, dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, used for sewage treatment; WIPO published international patent WO03002406 uses copper anode electrolysis to produce copper ion sterilization.
  • These biocides are biologically toxic and have a long residual time. They can be used in domestic sterilizing treatments in circulating sewage or cooling water systems. They are not suitable for large-area eutrophic water bodies such as lakes and ballast waters that need to be discharged. deal with.
  • the electrolyzed seawater method kills microorganisms and bacteria by electrolyzing seawater through chlorine gas generated on the anode to produce highly sterilized hypochlorous acid, and hydrogen peroxide generated at the cathode also has strong bactericidal ability.
  • International Patent No. WO2006058261 discloses a ballast water treatment method using electrolysis to produce hypochlorite and a corresponding system, an electrolytically treated ballast water device disclosed in Japanese Patent No. JP2001000974, and Similarly, there is a ship ballast water electrolysis treatment system disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 200510046991.8, and an electrolysis device for treating a water reservoir disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 200480027174.1, which electrolyzes chlorine ions and water molecules in a treated water body to have high Oxidatively active substances (mainly: CIO-, OH-, 3 ⁇ 40 2 ) oxidize cells, RNA, and DNA of bacteria and algae in water to inactivate and die, thereby achieving sterilization and algae-killing effects.
  • Oxidatively active substances mainly: CIO-, OH-, 3 ⁇ 40 2
  • the treated water body is kept in a continuous disinfecting action.
  • the method of electrolyzing seawater has a good bactericidal effect, after killing bacteria by electrolysis, chloroform, a carcinogen, may be produced, which may cause secondary pollution to the environment. Therefore, this method has been controversial.
  • Catalytic oxidation is an advanced method in the current treatment of ballast water.
  • the technology used in a ship ballast water treatment system finally approved by IMO in the world is the PureBallast ballast water treatment system developed by the Alfa Laval Group of Sweden, and the treatment method adopted by the system is the photocatalytic oxidation method.
  • the core unit in the PureBallast ballast water treatment system is the photocatalyst Wallenius AOT unit, in which titanium dioxide is used as a catalyst to generate hydroxyl radicals with extremely strong oxidizing properties under ultraviolet light.
  • the strongest oxidant other than fluorine, its oxidizing ability is 106 109 times that of hydrogen peroxide and ozone.
  • microorganisms Under the action of hydroxyl radicals, microorganisms can be finally oxidatively degraded into carbon dioxide and water by chain reaction.
  • the efficiency in practical applications depends on the crystal structure of titanium dioxide itself, surface defects and some external factors such as light intensity, temperature, and pH.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a ship ballast water treatment method for efficient inactivation and energy saving, and thereby reveal an efficient ballast water treatment system for inactivation and energy saving, which can effectively extinguish Microorganisms and bacteria in live ship's ballast water.
  • the system-treated ballast water meets the International Convention on the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, established by the International Maritime Organization (IM0) in 2004.
  • IM0 International Maritime Organization
  • A. Filtration process The ballast water is filtered to remove large particles of organisms and solids;
  • the filtered water passes through a sterilization unit to kill microorganisms and bacteria in the water.
  • the high-efficiency inactivation and energy-saving ship ballast water treatment method described above is characterized in that: in the process A, the ballast water is subjected to a filtering process, and the filter is a fully automatic backwashing filter. Online self-cleaning function can be realized without affecting the processing of the system.
  • the sterilization treatment unit described in Process B can generate an efficient biological and bacterial inactivating agent on-line;
  • the inactivating agent includes at least Any one or more of a hydroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide.
  • a highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system characterized in that it comprises: a ballast pump 1, removing large particles Filter for biological and solids 2, sterilization treatment unit 3 for killing microorganisms and bacteria in water, control unit 4, detection unit 5 including total oxidation substance detector, flow detection unit 6, salinity or conductivity detection Unit 7, ballast tank 8.
  • the above-mentioned highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the filter 2 is an online automatic backwashing operation mode.
  • the filter element of the filter 2 is a butterfly type, a column type, a cone type, a cone type woven mesh or a wedge type filter.
  • the highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system described above is characterized in that: the filter 2 has an accuracy of 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the above-mentioned high efficiency inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the sterilization processing unit 3 can generate high-efficiency biological and bacterial inactivating agents on-line; the inactivating agent contains at least hydroxyl radicals Any one or more of hypochlorous acid, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide.
  • the inactivated agent concentration of the sterilizing treatment unit 3 is 0. 2-10 mg / l.
  • the above-mentioned high-efficiency inactivation and energy-saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the sterilization processing unit 3 is provided with a shape-stabilized anode electrode or a semiconductor catalytic material coated with a rare metal.
  • the above-mentioned high-efficiency inactivation and energy-saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the treatment flow rate of the sterilization treatment unit 3 is 50 m 3 /h -4000 m 3 /h, and the treatment flow rate is 300 m 3 /h.
  • the current is 50-3000A and the voltage is 3- 40V.
  • the above-mentioned highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the power supply of the sterilization treatment unit 3 is a direct current, sinusoidal alternating current or square wave alternating power supply.
  • the above-described highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the system is composed of one or more stages of processing devices.
  • the ship ballast water treatment system with high efficiency inactivation and energy saving of the invention has the following working principle: The ballast water of the ballast pump is delivered to the filter 2 through the pipeline, and the ballast water removes the large particles in the filter 2. The dirt and the organism, then the ballast water flows into the sterilization treatment unit 3, and the ballast water is killed in the sterilization treatment unit 3 to kill the organism and the bacteria, and the innocuous water that meets the requirements flows into the ballast tank.
  • the invention does not add any chemical substances; has low energy consumption and high efficiency; is convenient to install and simple in operation; the reaction product is non-polluting, and the biological inactivation and sterilization effects meet the requirements of the International Maritime Organization.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a system of the present invention. detailed description
  • Embodiment 1 is an embodiment of the method of the present invention
  • Embodiment 2 is an example of the system of the present invention. Implementation example one
  • A. Filtration process The ballast water is filtered to remove large particles of organisms and solids;
  • the filtered water passes through a sterilization unit to kill microorganisms and bacteria in the water.
  • the high-efficiency inactivation and energy-saving ship ballast water treatment method described above is characterized in that: in the process A, the ballast water is subjected to a filtering process, and the filter is a fully automatic backwashing filter. Online self-cleaning function can be realized without affecting the processing of the system.
  • the sterilization treatment unit described in Process B can generate an efficient biological and bacterial inactivating agent on-line;
  • the inactivating agent includes at least Any one or more of a hydroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide.
  • a highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that it comprises: a ballast pump 1, a filter for removing large particles of biological and solid materials, 2 for killing water Microbial and bacterial sterilization processing unit 3, control unit 4, detection unit 5 including total oxidizing substance detector, flow rate detecting unit 6, salinity or conductivity detecting unit 7, ballast tank 8; ballast pump 1 from the sea Extraction of seawater, salinity or conductivity detection unit 7, filter for removing large particles of organisms and solids 2, sterilization treatment unit for killing microorganisms and bacteria in water 3, detection unit 5 containing total oxidation substance detector
  • the flow detecting unit 6, the ballast tank 8 and the like are finally discharged into the sea; the control unit 4 is configured to collectively receive/issue the processed signals to the respective components.
  • the above-mentioned highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the filter 2 is an online automatic backwashing operation mode.
  • the filter element of the filter 2 is a butterfly type, a column type, a cone type, a cone type woven mesh or a wedge type filter.
  • the highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system described above is characterized in that: the filter 2 has an accuracy of 10 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the above-mentioned high efficiency inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the sterilization processing unit 3 can generate high-efficiency biological and bacterial inactivating agents on-line; the inactivating agent contains at least hydroxyl radicals Any one or more of hypochlorous acid, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide.
  • the inactivated agent concentration of the above-mentioned sterilizing treatment unit 3 is 0. 2-10 mg / l.
  • the above-mentioned highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the sterilization treatment unit 3 is provided with a shape-stabilized anode electrode or a semiconductor catalytic material coated with a rare metal.
  • the above-mentioned highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: Bacteria processing unit 3 flow rate 50 m 3 / -4000m 3 /, the processing flow of current at 300m 3 / h of 50-3000A, voltage 3- 40V.
  • the above-mentioned highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the power supply of the sterilization treatment unit 3 is a direct current, sinusoidal alternating current or square wave alternating power supply.
  • the above-described highly efficient inactivation and energy saving ship ballast water treatment system is characterized in that: the system is composed of one or more stages of processing devices.
  • a backwash filter that removes large volumes of organisms and other impurities.
  • the filter automatically starts backwashing after the pressure loss exceeds the set value. Filtration and backwashing are performed simultaneously, without the need for personnel to operate in the field. The filter works during ballast and does not work when unloaded.
  • the system also uses a sterilization processing unit.
  • the sterilization processing unit is the core component of the system. It uses a high-performance semiconductor catalytic material, which produces large amounts of active substances such as hydroxyl groups, high current efficiency, and long service life. . This part can remove all the bacteria in the ballast water.
  • the control unit in the system is responsible for the control of the entire system, including the collection and processing of various types of monitoring sensing signals, the processing of alarm signals, the automatic control of system startup and shutdown sequence, and the control unit contains the control programs necessary for system operation.
  • Display the working status of the management system including the working status of each component, the data and status detected by the sensor in real time; when the device fails, it can sound and light alarm, automatically cut off the power to stop the system; store and record the operation of the device, and can follow Formal inspections are required to be displayed or printed.
  • the operator can control and adjust the system through the control unit.
  • the control unit has a remote communication interface through which remote control and remote display and remote alarm functions can be implemented with the remote module.
  • control unit also has an alarm output interface, which can realize the fusion with other signals in the machine control room, so that the alarm information can be easily detected in any corner of the cabin.
  • the control unit collects various monitoring and sensing signals of the whole system, including the opening and closing state of each valve, the salinity meter, the flow meter, the current value of the power source, the voltage value, the total oxidation substance detector (TR0) value and other system sensing signals. , as well as the navigation data of the ship.
  • the computer system of the control unit is built-in, according to each collected Parameters, calculate the current value, voltage value to adjust the system's operation, until the optimal operating state, the system is always in the best state to run.
  • the control unit has a recording and storage system that records and stores system operational data for no less than 24 months.
  • the system also uses sensors, which can monitor the measured conductivity or salinity, flow rate, total oxide shield detector (TR0) and other parameters, and can accurately and accurately reflect the operating state of the system, so that the control system can be adjusted to achieve the desired Processing effect.
  • Conductivity or salinity and flow are important parameters in the control unit program.
  • the control unit can enter the corresponding initial operating mode by calling the internal memory program.
  • the distribution box is used in this system.
  • the distribution box is the power distribution device.
  • the filters, the sterilization processing unit, the control unit and the power required for each sensor need to be distributed from here.
  • the water treatment system of the invention runs and maintains the cylinder list, realizes automatic control, has a friendly human-machine interface, and is easy to operate.
  • the processing system adopts a unit modular structure, and the unit processing flow rate is 50 m 3 /h - 4000 m 3 /.
  • the installation method is small and flexible on a small tonnage ship. Single or multiple units can be used in parallel on a large p-position ship. The way of installation, flexible installation and small footprint is also suitable for installation on old ships with narrow spaces.
  • the entire system is completely enclosed and there is no potential for chemical hazards and noise to the surrounding workers.
  • the system is bio-inactivated and sterilized for the active production of active substances on-line, without the need to add and store any chemicals, which is economical and does not pose a threat to the personnel on board. Therefore the system is safe, reliable and economical and practical.
  • the system produces low concentration of active substances, fast decay, no impact on the surrounding environment after discharge, and low energy consumption of the system, in line with the requirements of "energy saving and environmental protection".
  • the invention does not add any chemical substances; has low energy consumption and high efficiency; is easy to install, operates the single cylinder; the reaction product is non-polluting, and the biological inactivation sterilization effect is very good.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)

Description

船舶压载水水処理方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及环保技术领域， 尤其是一种高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理 方法和系统。
背景技术
当今海洋环境所面临的四大威胁之一就是来自有害生物入侵性传播， 而船 舶压载水是造成有害生物入侵最主要的传播途径。 对船舶压载水进行处理是解 决因压载水引起的有害生物入侵的最好的途径。
IM0指出治理船舶压载水有害生物入侵是一个全球关注的焦点问题， 不提 倡不同地域采用不同治理体系治理压载水， 其基本要求是： 在船上处理；成本可 取， 设备小巧， 便于操作；不对海洋近岸水域环境形成新的污染；处理设备及操 作安全、 可靠。
由于船舶装载压载水水量巨大， 而要求处理压载水时间要短， 再加上海洋 环境和海洋经济可持续发展的制约， 一般杀灭微生物的方法（或药剂）都不能满 足治理船舶压载水外来生物入侵的要求。 虽然一些方法在实验室中是成功的、 有效的， 一旦用在治理船舶压载水上都难以满足海洋环境及其可持续发展的要 求。
目前压载水的处理方法主要有机械法、 物理法和化学法等。 下面， 分别简 略介绍一下上述三种方法。
1、 机械法
机械法主要有过滤、 旋流分离、 海上更换、 沉淀与浮选等方法。
过滤技术中， 发达国家大多釆用膜处理技术和相应的装置， 过滤微生物、 浮游生物和细菌， 如日本专利 JP2005342626, JP20060099157, JP2006223997, JP2005342626, 国际专利 WO2007114198, 均采用膜技术将抽入作为压舱水的 海水或淡水中的细菌和微生物过滤， 这类技术和装置需要较高的压力， 耗能大， 并且膜很容易被污染和堵塞； 对于快速流动的大流量水体， 运行成本较高， 处 理能力不可能满足相应的要求。
旋流分离技术可以去除压载水中尺寸较大的生物， 但当微生物与海水的比 重接近的时候， 该方法就受到了限制。 海上更换法多需要对现有船只的管路和 舱室进行重新的设计， 现有船只在使用和操作方面就受到了限制。 沉淀和浮选 法在压载水的理论方面曾做过研究， 但目前还不适于船上使用。
2、 物理法
物理法主要有加热处理、 射线技术、 微波技术和压力变换技术等。
加热处理法是利用主机多余热量杀死压载水中的微生物，在健康和安全 方面热处理是可行的，但排放的热压载水可能对公共水域造成环境方面的问题。
射线技术包括紫外线技术和 Y射线技术等。 通过射线的辐射作用导致微生 物组成部分发生化学反应， 达到杀死细菌的作用。 由于水体本身对紫外线的强 烈吸收作用， 使得紫外线灭菌作用的范围和灭菌能力受到制约， 一般紫外线灭 菌技术多应用于处理负荷较低的小体积水体和循环流动的水体。 如中国专利申 请号 200510019793.2所公开的紫外线水处理灭菌系统。美国专利 US2004134861 和 US2005211639、 国际专利 WO2004002895和 WO2005110607分别推出采用 多组紫外灯产生的紫外线连续处理压舱水装置； 另外， 紫外线辐照与超声结合, 可以加强杀菌效果， 如中国专利申请号 200610023241.3所公开的声光杀菌饮用 水处理装置， 和 200510104266.1所公开的应用于养殖海水处理的海水强力紫外 线消毒过滤器； 美国专利 US5738780将紫外线杀菌与直流电催化结合在一起， 应用于压舱水处理。 但这些技术仍然受到紫外线灭菌作用的范围和灭菌能力的 制约， 对于高负荷、 大流量水体和大面积水体的杀菌效果， 还是不能令人满意。 射线技术虽然不会在安全、 健康和环境等方面引起争议， 但有可能使受处理的 微生物产生基因突变。
微波技术包括使用超声波的各种微波技术。 超声波不但有强烈的振动， 而 且还具有空化作用并产生大量的微射流， 可以使液体对容器壁产生强烈的冲击 作用， 这样的功能被应用于超声清洗， 也被应用于增强反应效果， 如中国专利 申请号 200510117457.1所公布的一种基于超声作用的电解废水处理方法和装 置， 和中国申请号 99120675.4所公布的一种超声波水处理的方法及其装置， 应 用于增强絮凝效果； 如中国专利申请号 200610085548.6所公布的偶氮染料废水 处理方法， 和德国专利 DE19919824所公开的氧化有机锡技术， 采用超声波促 进化学反应的进行。 超声空化作用产生的微区高压， 可以用于细胞的破碎， 但 这样的效果多是将超声能量汇聚在较小的区域内才能实现， 因此， 目前的超声 技术和相应的水处理装置， 对于小体积水体， 并可以釆用循环流动的水体， 实 施可操作性比较大， 如中国专利申请号 200610023241.3所公布的声光杀菌饮用 水处理装置。
曰本专利 JP2006007184将超声换能器（28 ~ 200KHz )加于管道外壁， 通 过超声波将通过管道的压舱水进行杀菌灭藻处理； JP2005021814则提供相应的 压舱水管式超声灭菌除藻装置， 装置中将超声换能器安装于箱体两侧， 水路从 箱体中通过， 超声波将经过的水体中微生物杀灭； 这两份专利均没有考虑到超 声波对于安装于对面管壁或箱体的超声换能器压电陶瓷的损伤， 而且垂直于超 声换能器的反射回波对压电陶瓷的损伤同样不能忽略， 否则直接影响超声换能 器的寿命， 从而降低装置的运行稳定性和可靠性。 专利申请号 98236857.7所公 布的超声波水处理机， 和国际专利 WO03095370所推出的一种环形、 连续的超 声处理压舱水装置， 其超声换能器面临同样的问题。 但快速流动的大流量水体， 现有的超声处理装置， 除了上述问题之外， 如果单独采用超声技术处理， 尚存 在能耗高， 运行成本高， 杀灭效果难以保证等不利因素， 不具备可操作性。
还有一种灭菌的方法就是通过快速压力变化的方法。 高压杀菌和灭藻， 是采用将水体加压到一定程度， 使细菌和藻类的细胞破裂， 如日本专利 JP2007021287 , JP2005270754 , JP2005254138 , 通过压力的变化， 也可以达 到和超声波相 ^美的效果，但压力变化转换器产生的噪声可能会影响船员健 康， 同时会损坏水舱的表面与结构。
3 、 化学法
目前用于处理压载水的化学法有药剂法、 电解海水法、 催化氧化法等。 中国专利申请号 02100332.7公开一种应用于工业水领域以及公共场所、 污 水回用领域的氧化型含溴复合杀生剂 - 溴氯威； 中国专利 申请号 200510025284.0推出一种由戊二醛， 季胺盐构成的醛类复合高效杀生剂； 中国 专利申请号 200510025395.1公开了一种含有异噻唑啉酮、 氯化十二烷基二甲基 苄基铵、 用于污水处理的杀生剂； WIPO公开的国际专利 WO03002406釆用铜 阳极电解产生铜离子杀菌。 这类杀生剂的生物毒性较大， 残留时间长， 在国内 尚可以应用于循环式污水或冷却水系统中的杀菌处理， 不适合于湖泊等大面积 富营养化水体和需要排放的压舱水处理。
美国专利 US2005016933 釆用添加 C102作为杀生剂， 国际专利 WO2005061388、 美国专利 US2004099608 和 US2003029811、 日本专利 JP2007144391 , JP2006239556, JP2006263563 , 分别公开了采用过滤和添加臭 氧作为杀生剂的水处理技术和相应的装置， 这类装置和技术， 没有二次污染， 在小流量水体或饮用水杀菌处理中有一定优势， 但对于压舱水等大流量水体或 大流域水体的灭菌除藻处理， 运行成本很高。
通常， 加入杀生药剂， 对小水体效果很好， 但难以维持较长时间， 在夏季 1-2周后， 一般又需加药。 对于治理大面积， 富营养化水体存在运行成本高、 杀 生剂对水体存在二次污染等问题； 如果应用于压舱水处理， 其残留物尚需通过 生物毒性和毒理评价。
电解海水法是通过电解海水， 通过在阳极上产生的氯气， 进而生成具有高 效消毒的次氯酸来杀灭微生物及细菌， 同时在阴极产生的过氧化氢也具有很强 的杀菌能力。
国际专利 WO2006058261公开了一种采用电解产生次氯酸盐的压舱水处 理方法和相应的系统、 日本专利 JP2001000974公开的电解处理压舱水装置、 和 与此类似的还有中国专利申请号 200510046991.8公开的船舶压载水电解处理系 统、 中国专利申请号 200480027174.1公开的处理水贮存器的电解装置， 将处理 水体中的氯离子、 水分子电解为具有高氧化活性的物质 （主要为： CIO-, OH-, ¾02), 对水体中的细菌和藻类的细胞、 RNA、 DNA进行氧化作用， 使其失活 和死亡， 从而达到灭菌灭藻效果， 并使处理过的水体保持持续消毒作用。 虽然 电解海水的方法具有较好的杀菌效果， 但采用电解法杀灭细菌后， 可能会产生 致癌物质氯仿， 会引起对环境的二次污染， 因此这种方法一直存在着很大的争 议。
催化氧化法是目前处理压载水方面中的一种先进的方法。 目前世界上通过 IMO 最终认可的一种船舶压载水处理系统所采用的技术就是瑞典阿法拉伐集 团开发的 PureBallast压载水处理系统， 而该系统所采用的处理方法就是采用光 催化氧化的方法。 在 PureBallast压载水处理系统中的核心单元就是光触媒 Wallenius AOT 单元， 在该单元中， 二氧化钛作为催化剂， 在紫外线的照射下， 产生具有极强氧化性的羟基自由基， 这种羟基自由基是目前除氟外最强的氧化 剂， 其氧化能力是双氧水和臭氧的 106 109倍， 在羟基自由基的作用下， 可以将 微生物通过链式反应最终氧化降解为二氧化碳和水。 但实际应用中的效率还要 取决于二氧化钛自身的晶体结构、 表面缺陷和一些如光强、 温度、 PH值等外界 因素的影响。
然而， 遗憾的是， 现有技术中， 基本上都存在设备成本投入大、 耗能高、 污染物脱除效率低、 不能同时脱除碳氮硫污染物等等缺点。
发明内容
为解决上述问题， 本发明的目的在于提供一种高效灭活和节能的船舶压载 水处理方法，并藉此揭示一种高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统，它可以有 效地灭活船舶压载水中的微生物和细菌。 经过系统处理的压载水能够满足国际 海事组织 （ IM0 ) 2004年制定的 《船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理国际公约》。 本发明的方法是采用以下技术方案来实现的：
一种高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理方法， 其特征在于包括以下过程：
A、 过滤过程： 将压载水进行过滤处理， 去除大颗粒的生物和固体；
B、 灭菌过程： 过滤后的水经过灭菌处理单元， 杀灭水中的微生物和细菌。 上述所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理方法， 其特征在于： 过程 A 中所述压载水进行过滤处理中使用了过滤器， 所述过滤器为全自动反冲洗过滤 器， 可以实现在线自洁功能， 不影响系统的处理。
上述所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理方法， 其特征在于： 过程 B 中所述的灭菌处理单元能在线产生高效生物和细菌灭活剂； 所述灭活剂中至少 包含羟基自由基、 次氯酸、 次氯酸钠、 双氧水中的任一种或一种以上。
相对应地， 实现上述的方法的系统是采用以下技术方案来实现的： 一种高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 它包含有： 压 载泵 1、去除大颗粒的生物和固体用的过滤器 2、 杀灭水中的微生物和细菌的灭 菌处理单元 3、 控制单元 4、 包含总氧化物质检测仪的检测单元 5、 流量检测单 元 6、 盐度或电导率检测单元 7、 压载舱 8。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述过滤 器 2为在线全自动反冲洗的工作方式。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述过滤 器 2的滤芯为蝶片式、 柱型、 锥形、 锥柱型编织网或楔形滤网。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述过滤 器 2的精度为 10- 200微米。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的灭 菌处理单元 3能在线产生高效生物和细菌灭活剂； 所述灭活剂中至少包含羟基 自由基、 次氯酸、 次氯酸钠、 双氧水中的任一种或一种以上。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的灭 菌处理单元 3在线产生的灭活剂浓度在 0. 2-10mg/ l。 上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的灭 菌处理单元 3内装有釆用稀有金属涂覆的形稳性阳极电极或半导体催化材料。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的灭 菌处理单元 3的处理流量 50 m3/h -4000m3/h, 处理流量为 300m3/h时的电流为 50-3000A , 电压为 3- 40V。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的灭 菌处理单元 3的电源为直流、 正弦交流或者方波交变电源。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的系 统由一级或多级处理装置组成。
本发明高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其工作原理为： 压载泵 1 4巴压载水通过管路输送到过滤器 2 , 压载水在过滤器 2中去除大颗粒的污物和 生物体， 然后压载水流入到灭菌处理单元 3， 压载水在灭菌处理单元 3里面被 杀灭生物体和细菌， 满足要求的无害水流入到压载舱内。
本发明不添加任何化学物质； 能耗低， 效率高； 安装方便， 操作简单； 反 应产物无污染， 生物灭活和灭菌效果达到国际海事组织的要求。
附图说明
图 1为本发明系统实施实例的原理框图。 具体实施方式
实施实例一为本发明方法的实施例； 实施实例二为本发明的系统的例。 实施实例一
一种高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理方法， 其特征在于包括以下过程：
A、 过滤过程： 将压载水进行过滤处理， 去除大颗粒的生物和固体；
B、 灭菌过程： 过滤后的水经过灭菌处理单元， 杀灭水中的微生物和细菌。 上述所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理方法， 其特征在于： 过程 A 中所述压载水进行过滤处理中使用了过滤器， 所述过滤器为全自动反冲洗过滤 器， 可以实现在线自洁功能， 不影响系统的处理。 上述所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理方法， 其特征在于： 过程 B 中所述的灭菌处理单元能在线产生高效生物和细菌灭活剂； 所述灭活剂中至少 包含羟基自由基、 次氯酸、 次氯酸钠、 双氧水中的任一种或一种以上。
实施实例二
请参见图 1， 一种高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 它包含有： 压载泵 1、 去除大颗粒的生物和固体用的过滤器 2、 杀灭水中的微生 物和细菌的灭菌处理单元 3、控制单元 4、包含总氧化物质检测仪的检测单元 5, 流量检测单元 6、 盐度或电导率检测单元 7、 压载舱 8 ; 压载泵 1从海中抽取海 水， 经盐度或电导率检测单元 7、 去除大颗粒的生物和固体用的过滤器 2、 杀灭 水中的微生物和细菌的灭菌处理单元 3、 包含总氧化物质检测仪的检测单元 5, 流量检测单元 6、 压载舱 8等部件后最终排出到海中； 控制单元 4用于集中接 收 /发出处理的信号给上述各个部件。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述过滤 器 2为在线全自动反冲洗的工作方式。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述过滤 器 2的滤芯为蝶片式、 柱型、 锥形、 锥柱型编织网或楔形滤网。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述过滤 器 2的精度为 10- 200微米。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的灭 菌处理单元 3能在线产生高效生物和细菌灭活剂； 所述灭活剂中至少包含羟基 自由基、 次氯酸、 次氯酸钠、 双氧水中的任一种或一种以上。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的灭 菌处理单元 3在线产生的灭活剂浓度在 0. 2-10mg/ l。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的灭 菌处理单元 3内装有采用稀有金属涂覆的形稳性阳极电极或半导体催化材料。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的灭 菌处理单元 3的处理流量 50 m3/ -4000m3/ , 处理流量为 300m3/h时的电流为 50-3000A , 电压为 3- 40V。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的灭 菌处理单元 3的电源为直流、 正弦交流或者方波交变电源。
上述所述高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征在于： 所述的系 统由一级或多级处理装置组成。
本发明的水处理系统中， 为了防止大型生物或杂质进入系统， 在压载抢形 成沉积物，同时，提高灭菌处理单元的效率，灭菌处理单元前安装精度为 10-200 微米的全自动反冲洗过滤器， 可去除大体积的生物以及其他杂质。 该过滤器在 压力损失超过设定值后自动开始反冲洗， 过滤和反冲洗同时进行， 无需人员现 场操作。 该过滤器在压载时进行工作， 卸载时不工作。
该系统中还使用了灭菌处理单元，灭菌处理单元为系统的核心部件，采用了 高性能的半导体催化材料， 产生的羟基等活性物质量大， 电流效率很高， 具有 超长的使用寿命。 这部分可以去除全部压载水中的生物。
该系统中的控制单元负责整个系统的控制， 包括各类监测传感信号的采集 处理、 报警信号的处理、 系统启动和关闭顺序的自动控制， 控制单元包含系统 运行所必需的控制程序。 显示管理系统工作状态， 包括各组成部分的工作状态， 传感器实时检测到的数据和状态； 当设备发生故障可发出声光报警， 自动切断 电源停止系统工作； 存储和记录设备运行情况， 并能够按照正式的检查要求显 示或打印。 操作人员可以通过控制单元进行系统的控制和调节。 控制单元具有 远程通信接口， 可以通过该接口与远程模块实现远程控制和远程显示及远程报 警功能。 同时， 控制单元还具有报警输出接口， 可以实现与机控室其他信号的 融合， 从而保证报警信息能够在机舱任何角落都可以被轻易的察觉到。 控制单 元采集整个系统的各类监测传感信号， 包括各个阀门的开闭状态， 盐度计、 流 量计、 电源的电流值、 电压值、 总氧化物质检测仪（TR0 )值等系统传感信号， 以及船舶的航行数据。 控制单元的电脑系统通过内置程序， 根据采集到的各个 参数， 计算出电流值、 电压值来调整系统的运行情况， 直至达到最佳运行状态， 系统则一直维持在最佳状态下进行运行。 控制单元具有记录和存储系统， 它可 以记录和存储系统运行数据不少于 24个月。
该系统中还使用了传感器， 传感器可以监测测量电导率或盐度、 流量、 总 氧化物盾检测仪（TR0 )等参数， 能够及时准确反应系统的运行状态， 以便控制 系统进行调节， 达到理想的处理效果。 电导率或盐度和流量是控制单元程序中 重要参数， 控制单元可通过调用内部存储程序， 使灭菌处理单元进入相应的初 始运行模式。 该系统中使用了配电箱， 配电箱是电力分配装置， 过滤器、 灭菌处理单元， 控制单元及各个传感器所需电源都需要从此分配。
本发明的水处理系统运行、 维护筒单， 实现了自动控制， 具有友好的人机 界面， 易操作。 其中处理系统采用了单元模块化结构， 单元处理流量 50 m3/h - 4000m3/ , 在小吨位船舶上安装方式灵活、 简便， 在大 p屯位船舶上可使用单组 或多组单元并联的方式， 安装方式灵活、 占用空间小， 也适合在空间狭窄的旧 船上安装。
整套系统是完全封闭的， 不存在对周围工作人员产生化学危害和噪声等影 响的可能性。 该系统为在线产生活性物质进行生物灭活和灭菌的， 不需要添加 和储备任何化学品， 既经济又不会对船上的人员造成威胁。 因此该系统是安全， 可靠和经济、 实用的。 该系统产生的活性物质浓度低， 衰减的速度快， 排放后 对周围环境没有任何影响， 而且系统运行能耗低， 符合 "节能环保" 的要求。
采用本发明的系统， 对船舶压载水处理进行了试验， 见下面的表一及表二:
表一
Figure imgf000012_0001
肠道球 cfu/100
91 <1 <1 <100 <33 囷 ml
表二
生物类 处理水 处理水 I MO 要 加州要 单位 流入水
型 第 0天 第 5天 求 求
>50 μ m cel l /m3 3214 0 0 <10 0
>10-50
cel l/ 1 3. 22xl 05 5. 7 0. 7 <104 <10 μ m
大肠杆 cfu/100
230 <1 <1 <250 <126 ml
肠道球 cfu/100
42. 3 <1 <1 <100 <33 囷 ml 从上述两表可以看出， 该系统的水处理能力是完全满足 IM0 ^口州的船舶 压载水处理要求的。
本发明中不添加任何化学物质； 能耗低， 效率高； 安装方便， 操作筒单； 反应产物无污染， 生物灭活灭菌效果非常好。
本文具体说明了本发明示例性实施实例和目前的优选实施方式，应当理解， 本发明的构思可以按其他种种形式实施运用， 它们同样落在本发明的保护范围 内。

Claims

1、一种高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理方法，其特征在于包括以下过程：
A、 过滤过程： 将压载水进行过滤处理， 去除大颗粒的生物和固体；
B、 灭菌过程： 过滤后的水经过灭菌处理单元， 杀灭水中的微生物和细菌。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理方法， 其特征 在于： 过程 A中所述压载水进行过滤处理中使用了过滤器， 所述过滤器为全自 动反冲洗过滤器， 可以实现在线自洁功能， 不影响系统的处理。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理方法， 其特征 在于： 过程 B中所述的灭菌处理单元能在线产生高效生物和细菌灭活剂；所 述灭活剂中至少包含羟基自由基、 次氯酸、 次氯酸钠、 双氧水中的任一种或 一种以上。
4、一种新型高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统，其特征在于它包含有： 压载泵 （ 1)、 去除大颗粒的生物和固体用的过滤器（2)、 杀灭水中的微生物和 细菌的灭菌处理单元（ 3)、 控制单元 （ 4)、 包含总氧化物质检测仪的检测单元
(5)、 流量检测单元 （ 6)、 盐度或电导率检测单元 （7)、 压载舱 （ 8)。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征 在于：所述过滤器 （2) 为在线全自动反冲洗的工作方式。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征 在于：所述过滤器 （2) 的滤芯为蝶片式、 柱型、 锥形、 锥柱型编织网或楔形滤 网； 所述过滤器 （2) 的精度为 10- 200微米。
1
7、根据权利要求 4所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征 在于： 所述的灭菌处理单元（3 )能在线产生高效生物和细菌灭活剂； 所述灭活 剂中至少包含羟基自由基、 次氯酸、 次氯酸钠、 双氧水中的任一种或一种以上。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征 在于：所述的灭菌处理单元 （ 3 )在线产生的灭活剂浓度在 0. 2-10mg/l。
9、根据权利要求 7所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特征 在于： 所述的灭菌处理单元（ 3 )内装有采用稀有金属涂覆的形稳性阳极电极或 半导体催化材料。
10、 根据权利要求 7所述的高效灭活和节能的船舶压载水处理系统， 其特 征在于： 所述的灭菌处理单元 （ 3 ) 的处理流量 50 ra3/ -4000m3/h; 处理流量 为 300m3/h时的电流为 50- 3000A, 电压为 3- 40V; 所述的灭菌处理单元（3 ) 的 电源为直流、 正弦交流或者方波交变电源。
2
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