WO2011123977A1 - 针对天线阵列的相关矩阵反馈方法和系统 - Google Patents

针对天线阵列的相关矩阵反馈方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011123977A1
WO2011123977A1 PCT/CN2010/000447 CN2010000447W WO2011123977A1 WO 2011123977 A1 WO2011123977 A1 WO 2011123977A1 CN 2010000447 W CN2010000447 W CN 2010000447W WO 2011123977 A1 WO2011123977 A1 WO 2011123977A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
correlation matrix
codeword
matrix
codebook
feedback
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PCT/CN2010/000447
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈晋辉
李栋
杨红卫
宋扬
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Nokia Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Application filed by Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd, Alcatel Lucent SAS filed Critical Alcatel Lucent Shanghai Bell Co Ltd
Priority to EP10849217.4A priority Critical patent/EP2557719B1/en
Priority to KR1020127028846A priority patent/KR101481982B1/ko
Priority to JP2013502975A priority patent/JP5706514B2/ja
Priority to CN201080062276.2A priority patent/CN102725991B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2010/000447 priority patent/WO2011123977A1/zh
Priority to US13/639,140 priority patent/US8982973B2/en
Priority to BR112012025385A priority patent/BR112012025385A2/pt
Publication of WO2011123977A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011123977A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636Feedback format
    • H04B7/0639Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0417Feedback systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0658Feedback reduction
    • H04B7/0663Feedback reduction using vector or matrix manipulations

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a correlation matrix feedback method and system for an antenna matrix. Background technique
  • the present invention proposes a correlation matrix feedback method for an antenna array, including the steps:
  • the antenna array includes closely spaced uniform linear array ULA antennas.
  • each codeword matrix is an exponential correlation matrix approximating the correlation matrix
  • r and each have a codebook corresponding to its distribution, the distribution of which is a uniform distribution in the (0, 2 r) interval, r being greater than 0.5 and less than one.
  • each codeword matrix is a codebook using r and 0, according to
  • the predetermined criterion comprises a matrix collinearity criterion
  • the step of selecting the codeword comprises: calculating a collinearity between each codeword matrix in the predetermined correlation matrix codebook and a correlation matrix to be fed back, and selecting collinearity The largest codeword matrix represents the correlation matrix to be fed back.
  • the method further includes: after receiving the codeword index fed back from the receiving end, using the index to obtain a corresponding codeword from the predetermined correlation matrix codebook to obtain an approximation of the correlation matrix. .
  • the receiving end comprises a user equipment and the transmitting end comprises a base station.
  • the invention also proposes a correlation matrix feedback system for an antenna array, comprising:
  • a selecting device located at the receiving end, for selecting a codeword from a predetermined correlation matrix codebook including a plurality of codewords according to a predetermined criterion, for representing a correlation matrix to be fed back;
  • a feedback device located at the receiving end, for feeding back to the transmitting end an index of the selected codeword in a predetermined correlation matrix codebook
  • Each codeword is a codeword matrix that approximates the correlation matrix of the antenna array at the transmitting end.
  • the selection means calculates the collinearity between each of the codeword matrices in the predetermined correlation matrix codebook and the correlation matrix to be fed back, and selects the colinearly largest codeword matrix to represent the correlation matrix to be fed back.
  • the system further includes: an acquiring device, located at the transmitting end, configured to: after receiving, by the transmitting end, the codeword index fed back from the receiving end, using the index to obtain a corresponding code from the predetermined correlation matrix codebook Word to know the approximation of the correlation matrix.
  • an acquiring device located at the transmitting end, configured to: after receiving, by the transmitting end, the codeword index fed back from the receiving end, using the index to obtain a corresponding code from the predetermined correlation matrix codebook Word to know the approximation of the correlation matrix.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of an application environment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a base station (BS) as a transmitting end and a user equipment (UE:) as a receiving end are schematically shown.
  • BS base station
  • UE user equipment
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of a correlation matrix feedback system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of a correlation matrix feedback method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the receiving end needs to feed back the spatial correlation matrix of the antenna array to the transmitting end, so that the transmitting end can use the feedback information to learn the approximation of the correlation matrix and perform the desired transmission.
  • the present invention is directed to a typical antenna configuration using closely spaced ULA antennas, and a corresponding correlation matrix feedback method and system are proposed to fully utilize the characteristics of the ULA antenna configuration, reduce feedback overhead and computational complexity, and improve system performance of such systems.
  • an exponential correlation model can be used to approximate a normalized spatial correlation matrix normalized by the largest diagonal element, in the exponential correlation model,
  • , p is a real number, and the value of the subscript/sum is related to the number of antennas of the antenna array at the transmitting end, and % represents the correlation between the first antenna and the first antenna. For example, if the number of antennas at the transmitting end is 4, the value of / is 0 to 3 or an integer from 1 to 4. Since the antennas are closely spaced, all diagonal elements are equal to 1 (for details, see the reference VA Aalo, "Performance of maximal-ratio diversity systems in a correlated Nakagami-fading environment",
  • the normalization model can be extended to a complex exponential correlation model in which the form of the first element is A ⁇ ⁇ ' w , where the value of the subscript/sum is transmitted and transmitted.
  • the number of antennas in the antenna array is related, and /3 ⁇ 4 represents the correlation between the first antenna and the first antenna.
  • r can be a positive real value less than 1 and greater than 0.5, and the distribution of 0 can be a uniform distribution over the interval (0, 2 ⁇ ).
  • r and ⁇ can be two random positives independent of each other. Value variable.
  • the inventors of the present application have noted that two codebooks respectively corresponding to the distributions of r and 0 can be designed, and the correlation matrix codebook can be generated by combining the codebooks of r and ⁇ , and the correlation matrix code is generated. This is stored in advance at the receiving end and the transmitting end.
  • " 0, ....,m- l ⁇ , a, b, ..., h are positive real values less than 1 and greater than 0.5, m is an integer greater than 0 , typically a power of 2. "An integer not greater than m-1. Subsequently, based on the number of antennas of the antenna array at the transmitting end and the formula A - rHe ⁇ " ⁇ , a matrix of r and 0 for a certain value is obtained.
  • the final correlation matrix codebook includes a plurality of codewords, wherein each codeword is a codeword matrix approximating the correlation matrix of the antenna array of the transmitting end, for example, an exponential correlation matrix as described above.
  • the correlation matrix feedback system and method of the present invention can feed back the matrix type codeword of the matrix matrix which approximates or quantizes the correlation matrix, and the transmitting end can directly obtain the approximate matrix or the quantization matrix of the correlation matrix according to the index, and no longer need
  • the correlation matrix is reconstructed at the transmitting end according to the quantized feature vector, eigenvalue or scalar, etc., as in the prior art.
  • the correlated matrix feedback system and method of the present invention is capable of reducing computational complexity.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of an application environment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which a base station (BS) as a transmitting end and a user equipment (UE:) as a receiving end are schematically shown.
  • a spatial correlation-assisted MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output) system may be considered, which may be an enhanced base station eNB in a 3GPP LTE wireless communication application environment, and has an antenna configuration of closely spaced ULA antennas.
  • eNB 3GPP LTE wireless communication application environment
  • the systems and methods of the present invention are also applicable to any other suitable communication system or environment, and that the transmitting and receiving ends can be any other suitable device or device. Set.
  • details and functions that are not necessary for the present invention, as well as details and functions that are well known to those skilled in the art are omitted to avoid confusion of the understanding of the present invention.
  • the correlation matrix codebook designed as above is stored in advance in both the base station BS and each user equipment UE.
  • the user equipment UE selects a codeword from the correlation matrix codebook according to a predetermined criterion, and is used to represent the correlation matrix to be fed back, and feeds back to the base station BS an index of the selected codeword in a predetermined correlation matrix codebook, and the index may be Indicates that the selected codeword is the value of the first few codewords.
  • the predetermined criterion may be a matrix collinearity criterion
  • the user equipment UE calculates a collinearity between each codeword matrix in the correlation matrix codebook and a correlation matrix to be fed back, and selects a collinear maximum codeword matrix to represent feedback.
  • the correlation matrix After receiving the codeword index fed back from the receiving end, the base station BS obtains the corresponding codeword from the pre-stored correlation matrix codebook by using the index to obtain an approximation of the correlation matrix.
  • the correlation matrix feedback system 20 includes: a selection device 202 located at the user equipment UE (ie, the receiving end) for selecting a codeword from a predetermined correlation matrix codebook including a plurality of codewords according to a predetermined criterion. a correlation matrix for representing feedback; and a feedback device 204, located at the user equipment UE (ie, the receiving end), for feeding back the selected codeword to the base station BS (ie, the transmitting end) at a predetermined correlation matrix codebook Index in .
  • the correlation matrix feedback system 20 may further include an obtaining device 206 located at the base station BS (ie, the transmitting end) for using the index from the predetermined correlation matrix codebook after the base station BS receives the codeword index fed back from the user equipment UE. The corresponding codeword is obtained to obtain an approximation of the correlation matrix.
  • the system and method of the present invention have been described above by way of example only.
  • the number and value of the elements r and 0 in the codebook and 4 may be set according to factors such as system configuration, application requirements, experience, etc., and the present invention is not limited to the above examples.
  • the selection means 202 selects a codeword from the correlation matrix codebook, it can be selected using predetermined criteria.
  • a collinearity criterion can be employed to select the codeword with the largest collinearity of the correlation matrix to be fed back for feedback.
  • Selection device 202 can follow the formula
  • R k arg max R eTC ⁇ —— ⁇ ⁇
  • R is the correlation matrix to be fed back
  • R is the first codeword in the correlation matrix codebook
  • H is the operator symbol representing the conjugate transpose
  • F represents the Frobenius norm
  • tr( ) represents the matrix Trace
  • argmaxO the parameter that takes the largest value in the parentheses
  • R t is the selected codeword that approximates or quantizes the correlation matrix.
  • the collinearity criterion it can be utilized. Any other suitable criteria to select a codeword.
  • the Euclidean distance criterion can be used to select the codeword with the smallest distance from the correlation matrix for feedback.
  • selection device 202 selects a codeword for representing the correlation matrix to be fed back (i.e., a matrix that approximates or quantizes the correlation matrix to be fed back is selected)
  • feedback device 204 places the selected codeword in the correlation matrix code.
  • the index in this report is fed back to the transmitting end.
  • an example of a selection means 202 selects the codeword correlation matrix R 2 to approximating or quantizing the feedback means feedback value 2 204, i.e., "0010", the four bits to the transmitting end.
  • the acquiring device 206 After receiving the codeword index (for example, "0010") fed back from the user equipment UE, the acquiring device 206 obtains the corresponding codeword (for example, R 2 ) from the correlation matrix codebook by using the index, thereby obtaining the correlation matrix.
  • the approximate ⁇ R 2 .
  • step 300 selection device 202 selects a codeword from the correlation matrix codebook for representing the correlation matrix to be fed back according to predetermined criteria.
  • step 302 the feedback device 204 feeds back to the transmitting end the index of the selected codeword in the associated matrix codebook.
  • step 304 after the transmitting device receives the codeword index fed back from the receiving end, the acquiring device 206 obtains the corresponding codeword from the correlation matrix codebook by using the index to obtain an approximation of the correlation matrix.
  • the correlation matrix feedback method and system according to the present invention makes full use of closely spaced ULA antennas and their spatial correlation characteristics, and designs corresponding quantization and feedback codebooks, which can be reduced. Feedback overhead and computational complexity, thereby improving system performance of spatially related auxiliary systems such as MIMO systems.
  • simulation data of the correlation matrix feedback method and system of the present invention are given below.
  • This interval is 0.5 wavelengths (4 Tx: mi )
  • Common polarity 2 receiving antennas, spaced apart from each other Antenna configuration (user equipment)
  • MU-MIMO single-stream downlink scheduling per user equipment, fairness in time and frequency
  • PMI Subband Precoding Matrix Indicator
  • CQI Subband Channel Quality Indicator
  • CQI Subband Channel Quality Indicator
  • Precoding matrix indication / channel quality indication / flow indication reporting period is 5 ms, 6 ms feedback hypothesis
  • the reporting period for sending correlation matrices is 100 milliseconds, with a delay of 6 milliseconds
  • Measurement error of subband channel quality indication N (0, l dB) per physical resource block.
  • MMSE Minimum mean square error
  • the correlation matrix feedback system and method of the present invention can achieve better system performance in the case where the number of feedback bits (i.e., feedback overhead) is the same.
  • the feedback overhead of the correlated matrix feedback system and method of the present invention is lower with substantially the same system performance.
  • the correlation matrix feedback system and method of the present invention feed back an index of a matrix type codeword that approximates or quantizes the correlation matrix, and the transmitting end can directly obtain an approximation or quantization matrix of the correlation matrix according to the index, instead of The method reconstructs the correlation matrix at the transmitting end according to the quantized feature vector, eigenvalue or scalar, and the like. Therefore, the correlation matrix feedback system and method of the present invention can reduce feedback overhead and computational complexity, thereby improving system performance.
  • some embodiments also include a machine readable or computer readable program storage device (eg, a digital data storage medium) and encoding machine executable or computer executable program instructions, wherein the instructions perform some of the above methods or All steps.
  • the program storage device can be a digital memory, a magnetic storage medium (such as a magnetic disk and magnetic tape), a hardware or an optically readable digital data storage medium.
  • Embodiments also include a programming computer that performs the steps of the above method.

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Description

针对天线阵列的相关矩阵反馈方法和系统 技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及通信技术领域,具体涉及一种针对天线矩阵的相关矩阵 反馈方法和系统。 背景技术
众所周知, 在多输入多输出 (MIMO ) 系统中, 在发射端知道发射天线的空 间相关矩阵能够显著地提高系统性能。 在实际应用中, 相关矩阵是无法预先获 知的。 对于例如频分双工 (FDD ) 系统而言, 有必要通过量化和反馈, 使发射 端知道相关矩阵的近似。 因此, 反馈开销和量化的精度是 MIMO系统中有关相 关矩阵反馈的主要关注点。
在 LTE-A讨论中, 提出了反馈以多个离散余弦变换(DFT)矢量码本而量化 的多个特征矢量以及以均匀标量码本量化的对应的特征值, 并且在发射端利用 量化的特征矢量和特征值来重建相关矩阵。 Marwell公司提出了反馈以均匀标量 码本量化的两个或四个实标量, 并且在发射端以量化的标量来重建相关矩阵。 这些基于特征矢量和基于标量的反馈方案尚没有利用空间相关矩阵的矩阵结构 及特殊的天线配置, 例如均匀线性阵列 (ULA ) 天线, 需要反馈的数据量依然 较大, 导致较高的反馈幵销。
目前, 对于使用紧密间隔的 ULA天线的典型天线配置, 还未提出对应的相 关矩阵反馈方法。 由于紧密间隔的 ULA天线的天线间隔很小, 其相关矩阵具有 对角线元素均为 1 等特点。 对于这种特殊的天线配置, 需要设计相应的相关矩 阵反馈方法以及用于相关矩阵量化和反馈的码本, 从而以较小的反馈开销和较 低的复杂度来获得良好的系统性能。 发明内容
鉴于上述问题, 本发明提出了一种针对天线阵列的相关矩阵反馈方法, 包括 步骤:
在接收端根据预定准则, 从包括多个码字的预定相关矩阵码本中选择码字, 用于代表要反馈的相关矩阵; 以及 向发射端反馈所选择的码字在预定相关矩阵码本中的索引; 其中, 每一个码字是对发射端的天线阵列的相关矩阵进行近似的码字矩阵。 根据本发明优选实施例,天线阵列包括紧密间隔的均匀线性阵列 ULA天线。 根据本发明优选实施例,每一个码字矩阵是对相关矩阵进行近似的指数相关 矩阵, 指数相关矩阵中第(/, )元素 P /为 ^ = _ ('_^, 其中 e 代表自然数, / 和 j是大于 0且不大于 N的整数、 或者是不小于 0且不大于 N-1的整数, N表 示发射端的天线阵列的天线'数目, r和 0是彼此独立的随机正实值变量。
根据本发明优选实施例, r和 各自具有与其分布相对应的码本, 的分布 是在(0,2 r]区间的均匀分布, r大于 0.5且小于 1。
根据本发明优选实施例, 每一个码字矩阵是利用 r和 0的码本, 根据
Λ/ = Γι'Λ ' 计算得到的。
根据本发明优选实施例, 预定准则包括矩阵共线性准则, 选择码字的步骤 包括: 计算预定相关矩阵码本中每一个码字矩阵与要反馈的相关矩阵之间的共 线性, 并选择共线性最大的码字矩阵来代表要反馈的相关矩阵。
根据本发明优选实施例, 该方法还包括: 在接收到从接收端反馈的码字索 引后, 在发射端利用该索引从预定相关矩阵码本中获取相应的码字, 以获知相 关矩阵的近似。
根据本发明优选实施例, 接收端包括用户设备, 发射端包括基站。
本发明还提出了一种针对天线阵列的相关矩阵反馈系统, 包括:
选择装置, 位于接收端, 用于根据预定准则, 从包括多个码字的预定相关矩 阵码本中选择码字, 用于代表要反馈的相关矩阵; 以及
反馈装置, 位于接收端, 用于向发射端反馈所选择的码字在预定相关矩阵码 本中的索引;
其中, 每一个码字是对发射端的天线阵列的相关矩阵进行近似的码字矩阵。 根据本发明优选实施例, 选择装置计算预定相关矩阵码本中每一个码字矩 阵与要反馈的相关矩阵之间的共线性, 并选择共线性最大的码字矩阵来代表要 反馈的相关矩阵。
根据本发明优选实施例, 该系统还包括: 获取装置, 位于发射端, 用于在 发射端接收到从接收端反馈的码字索引后, 利用该索引从预定相关矩阵码本中 获取相应的码字, 以获知相关矩阵的近似。 相比于现有的量化和反馈方法, 根据本发明的相关矩阵反馈方法和系统充 分利用了紧密间隔的 ULA天线及其空间相关性的特点, 设计了相应的量化和反 馈码本, 能够减小反馈开销以及计算复杂度, 从而提高 MIMO系统等空间相关 辅助系统的系统性能。 附图说明
通过下面结合附图说明本发明的优选实施例, 将使本发明的上述及其它目 的、 特征和优点更加清楚, 其中:
图 1示出了本发明优选实施例应用环境的示例, 其中示意性示出了作为发 射端的基站 (BS ) 以及作为接收端的用户设备 (UE:)。
图 2示出了根据本发明优选实施例的相关矩阵反馈系统的结构框图。
图 3示出了根据本发明优选实施例的相关矩阵反馈方法的流程图。 具体实施方式
在 MIMO系统等空间相关辅助系统中, 为提高系统性能, 需要接收端向发 射端反馈有关天线阵列的空间相关矩阵, 以便发射端能够利用反馈的信息, 来 获知相关矩阵的近似, 执行期望的发射操作。 本发明针对使用紧密间隔的 ULA 天线的典型天线配置,提出了对应的相关矩阵反馈方法及系统,以充分利用 ULA 天线配置的特点, 减少反馈开销和计算复杂度, 提高此类系统的系统性能。
对于针对紧密间隔的 ULA天线的实信道而言, 可以通过指数相关模型来近 似由最大对角线元素归一化的归一化空间相关矩阵, 在该指数相关模型中, 第
(, )元素的形式为 ^ = —|, p是实数, 下标/和 的取值与发射端天线阵列的天 线数目有关, %代表了第 /个天线与第个天线的相关性。 例如, 如果发射端的天 线数目为 4, 则 /和 的取值为 0到 3或者 1到 4的整数。 由于天线是紧密间隔的, 所 以所有对角线元素都等于 1 (具体内容可参见参考文献 V. A. Aalo, "Performance of maximal-ratio diversity systems in a correlated Nakagami-fading environment",
IEEE Transaction on Communications, Vol. 43, No. 8, Aug. 1995. )。 进一步考虑复 信道, 本申请的发明人注意到, 可以将该归一化模型扩展为复指数相关模型, 其 中第 元素的形式为 A ^ ^' w , 其中, 下标 /和 的取值与发射端天线阵列 的天线数目有关, /¾代表了第个天线与第个天线的相关性。 同样, 由于天线是 紧密间隔的 ULA天线, 所以 r可以是小于 1且大于 0.5的正实值, 0的分布可以是 在(0, 2 τ]区间的均匀分布。 r和 ^可以是彼此独立的两个随机正实值变量。
进一步, 本申请的发明人注意到, 可以设计分别与 r和 0的分布对应的两个 码本, 并且可以通过将 r和 ^的码本组合来产生相关矩阵码本, 并且将该相关矩 阵码本预先存储在接收端和发射端。例如,首先可以根据系统配置以及性能要求, 设定 r和 0的码本,例如分别为反映了 /·和 0的分布的 4 和 4,其中, 4={a, b,.., h}, 4={mr/m|"=0, ....,m- l }, a、 b、 ... .、 h均为小于 1且大于 0.5的正实值, m为 大于 0的整数, 典型地为 2的幂。 《为不大于 m- 1的整数。 随后, 根据发射端天线 阵列的天线数目以及公式 A - rHe^"^ , 得到针对某个取值的 r和 0的矩阵。 例 如, 对于 r =a和 0=π/ιη, 得到相应的矩阵, 该矩阵的维度与发射端天线阵列的天 线数目相同,即与要反馈的相关矩阵的维度相同。按照上述方式,利用码本 4 和 ^中所有元素, 得到多个矩阵, 将这些矩阵作为码字, 来构建用于相关矩阵量 化和反馈的相关矩阵码本。按照上述设计方式, 最终的相关矩阵码本包含了多个 码字, 其中每一个码字是对发射端的天线阵列的相关矩阵进行近似的码字矩阵, 例如是如上所述的指数相关矩阵。
这样, 本发明的相关矩阵反馈系统和方法能够反馈对相关矩阵进行近似或 量化的矩阵型码字的索弓 I ,发射端能够根据该索引直接获得相关矩阵的近似或量 化矩阵, 而不再需要像现有方法那样在发射端根据量化的特征矢量、特征值或标 量等来重建相关矩阵。因此, 本发明的相关矩阵反馈系统和方法能够降低计算复 杂度。
在本说明书的稍后部分给出了码本 4 和 ^的示例以及最终得到的相关矩 阵码本的示例。
下面参考图 1 -3, 描述根据本发明的针对天线阵列的相关矩阵反馈系统及 其方法, 其中利用了如上设计的相关矩阵码本来进行相关矩阵的量化和反馈。
图 1 示出了本发明优选实施例应用环境的示例, 其中示意性示出了作为发 射端的基站 (BS ) 以及作为接收端的用户设备 (UE:)。 这里, 可以考虑空间相 关辅助的 MU-MIMO (多用户多输入多输出) 系统, 基站可以是在 3GPP LTE的 无线通信应用环境下的增强基站 eNB, 并且具有紧密间隔的 ULA天线的天线配 置。 本领域技术人员可以理解, 本发明的系统和方法也可以应用于其他任何适 当的通信系统或环境, 并且发射端和接收端也可以是其他任何适当的设备或装 置。 在以下描述中, 省略了对于本发明来说是不必要的细节和功能、 以及本领 域技术人员熟知的细节和功能, 以防止对本发明的理解造成混淆。
在基站 BS和各个用户设备 UE中都预先存储了如上设计的相关矩阵码本。 用户设备 UE根据预定准则, 从相关矩阵码本中选择码字, 用于代表要反馈的相 关矩阵, 并且向基站 BS反馈所选择的码字在预定相关矩阵码本中的索引, 该索 引可以是指示了所选码字是第几个码字的值。 此外, 预定准则可以是矩阵共线 性准则,用户设备 UE计算相关矩阵码本中每一个码字矩阵与要反馈的相关矩阵 之间的共线性, 并选择共线性最大的码字矩阵来代表要反馈的相关矩阵。 基站 BS在接收到从接收端反馈的码字索引后, 利用该索引从预先存储的相关矩阵码 本中获取相应的码字, 以获知相关矩阵的近似。
图 2示出了根据本发明优选实施例的相关矩阵反馈系统的结构框图。 如图 所示, 相关矩阵反馈系统 20包括: 选择装置 202, 位于用户设备 UE处 (即, 接收端), 用于根据预定准则, 从包括多个码字的预定相关矩阵码本中选择码字, 用于代表要反馈的相关矩阵; 以及反馈装置 204 , 位于用户设备 UE处 (即, 接 收端), 用于向基站 BS (即, 发射端) 反馈所选择的码字在预定相关矩阵码本中 的索引。 相关矩阵反馈系统 20还可以包括获取装置 206, 位于基站 BS处 (即, 发射端), 用于在基站 BS接收到从用户设备 UE反馈的码字索引后, 利用该索 引从预定相关矩阵码本中获取相应的码字, 以获知相关矩阵的近似。
预定相关矩阵码本是如上设计和构建的相关矩阵码本。下面针对具有 4个 发射天线的紧密间隔 ULA天线配置, 描述相关矩阵码本的两个示例, 其中利用 了复指数相关模型以及计算公式 Pij = ^ei(i-j)e
示例一
= {0.6,0.8} , ^θ = {ηπ / 4 \ η = 0,...,7}
Figure imgf000007_0001
« = 8,...,15 —
Figure imgf000008_0001
m = n -8 这里, 相关矩阵码本的码字数目为码本 4 中元素数目和 4中元素数目的 乘积, 即 2x8=16。 码字的索引分别为" =0,...,7和" =8,...,15, S , 仅需要 4个比 特就足够将所选码字的索引反馈给发射端。
示例二
={0.6,0.8}, ^ 16|" = 0,—, 31}
Figure imgf000008_0002
这里, 相关矩阵码本的码字数目为码本 4 中元素数目和 4中元素数目的 乘积, 即 2x32=64。 码字的索引分别为"=0,...,31和"=32,...,63, 即, 仅需要 6 个比特就足够将所选码字的索引反馈给发射端。
以上仅作为示例来描述本发明的系统和方法, 码本 和 4中元素 r和 0的 数目和取值可以依据系统配置、 应用需要、 经验等因素来设定, 本发明并不限 于上述示例。
选择装置 202从相关矩阵码本中选择码字时, 可以采用预定的准则来进行 选择。 在本发明优选实施例中, 可以采用共线性准则, 以选择与要反馈的相关 矩阵的共线性最大的码字来用于反馈。 选择装置 202可以按照公式
Rk = arg maxR eTC ^——― ~~―
k R'eK II R,.|IFII RllF 来计算每个码字与相关矩阵之间的共线性, 并确定共线性最大的码字。 该公式 中 R是要反馈的相关矩阵, R,是相关矩阵码本 中的第个 码字, H是代表共 轭转置的运算符号, II ||F代表 Frobenius范数, tr( )代表矩阵的迹, argmaxO表 式让括号内表达式取值最大的参数, Rt是选择的对相关矩阵进行近似或量化的 码字, 本领域技术人员可以理解, 除了共线性准则之外, 还可以利 用其他任何合适的准则来选择码字。 例如, 可以利用欧式距离准则来选择与相 关矩阵的距离最小的码字来进行反馈。
在选择装置 202选择了用于代表要反馈的相关矩阵的码字 (即, 选择了对 要反馈的相关矩阵进行近似或量化的矩阵) 之后, 反馈装置 204 将所选择的码 字在相关矩阵码本中的索引反馈给发射端。 例如, 选择装置 202 选择示例一中 的码字 R2来对相关矩阵进行近似或量化,则反馈装置 204反馈数值 2,即" 0010 " 这 4个比特给发射端。
获取装置 206 在发射端接收到从用户设备 UE 反馈的码字索引 (例如 " 0010 ") 后, 利用该索引从相关矩阵码本中获取相应的码字 (例如 R2 ), 从而 获知了相关矩阵的近似ά = R2
图 3示出了根据本发明优选实施例的相关矩阵反馈方法的流程图。 结合图 2所示的系统, 在步骤 300, 选择装置 202根据预定准则, 从相关矩阵码本中选 择码字, 用于代表要反馈的相关矩阵。 在步骤 302, 反馈装置 204向发射端反馈 所选择的码字在相关矩阵码本中的索引。 在步骤 304, 获取装置 206在发射端接 收到从接收端反馈的码字索引后, 利用该索引从相关矩阵码本中获取相应的码 字, 以获知相关矩阵的近似。
以上具体描述了本发明优选实施例。 相比于现有的量化和反馈方法, 根据 本发明的相关矩阵反馈方法和系统充分利用了紧密间隔的 ULA天线及其空间相 关性的特点, 设计了相应的量化和反馈码本, 能够减小反馈开销以及计算复杂 度, 从而提高 MIMO系统等空间相关辅助系统的系统性能。 为了进一步体现本 发明的优点, 下面给出本发明的相关矩阵反馈方法和系统的仿真数据。
在空间相关辅助的 MU-MIMO系统中, 在基站 BS具有 4个半波长间隔的 ULA天线、 每个 UE具有 2个天线的情况下, 应用上述示例一和二的码本设计, 系统仿真结果如下:
吞吐量 小区边缘 无空间相关辅助 3.2502 (100%) 0.1128 理想的空间相关辅助 3.8517 (118.5%) 0.1218 示例一 (反馈 4比特) 3.6688 (112.9%) 0.1147 示例二 (反馈 6比特) 3.7743 (116.1%) 0.1173 主特征矢量和 DFT码本 (反馈 6比特) 3.5304 (108.6%) 0.1125 两个特征矢量、两个 DFT码本和一个
3.6831 (113.3%) 0.1179 标量码本 (反馈 12比特)
Marwell (反馈 8比特) 3.7561 (115.6%) 0.1174 上述仿真环境的具体参数如下:
参数 仿真环境采用的假定条件 部署场景 3GPP case 1三维信道, 空间信道 模型, 城市宏小区
速度: 3km/h
双工方法和带宽 FDD;下行链路 10MHz
网络同步性 已同步
切换余量 1.0 dB
相关, 共极性: 4个发射天线, 彼 天线配置 (基站)
此间隔 0.5个波长 (4 Tx: mi ) 共极性: 2个接收天线, 彼此间隔 天线配置 (用户设备)
0.5个波长 (2 Rx: ||)
单 小 区 发 射 端 相 关 辅 助 下行传输方案
MU-MIMO, 每个用户设备单流 下行调度 时间与频率上的比例公平
子带预编码矩阵指示 (PMI ) , 子 带信道质量指示 (CQI), 长期宽 带发送相关矩阵报告
预编码矩阵指示 /信道质量指示 / 流指示报告周期为 5毫秒, 6毫秒 反馈假设
的延迟
发送相关矩阵的报告周期为 100 毫秒, 6毫秒的延迟
子带信道质量指示的测量误差: 每个物理资源块 N(0,l dB)。
下行混合自动重传 (HARQ ) 方案 Chase 合并
下行接收机类型 最小均方误差 (MMSE )
信道估计 理想 ITU 标准, 下行控制信道为 3 个
OFDM 符号
控制信道和参考信号幵销
LTE Rel.8: 0.3158
LTE-A: 0.3063
从上述系统仿真结果可以看出, 在反馈的比特数目 (即, 反馈开销) 相同的 情况下, 本发明的相关矩阵反馈系统和方法能够达到更好的系统性能。 同时, 在系统性能大致相同的情况下, 本发明的相关矩阵反馈系统和方法的反馈开销 更低。 同时, 本发明的相关矩阵反馈系统和方法反馈对相关矩阵进行近似或量 化的矩阵型码字的索引, 发射端能够根据该索引直接获得相关矩阵的近似或量 化矩阵, 而不再需要像现有方法那样在发射端根据量化的特征矢量、 特征值或 标量等来重建相关矩阵。 因此, 本发明的相关矩阵反馈系统和方法能够降低反 馈开销和计算复杂度, 从而提高系统性能。
在以上的描述中, 针对各个步骤, 列举了多个实施例, 虽然发明人尽可能 地标示出彼此关联的实例, 但这并不意味着这些实例必然按照相应的标号存在 对应关系。 只要所选择的实例所给定的条件间不存在矛盾, 可以在不同的步骤 中, 选择标号并不对应的实例来构成相应的技术方案, 这样的技术方案也应视 为被包含在本发明的范围内。
本领域技术人员应该很容易认识到, 可以通过编程计算机实现上述方法的 不同步骤。 在此, 一些实施方式同样包括机器可读或计算机可读的程序存储设 备 (如, 数字数据存储介质) 以及编码机器可执行或计算机可执行的程序指令, 其中, 该指令执行上述方法的一些或全部步骤。 例如, 程序存储设备可以是数 字存储器、 磁存储介质 (如磁盘和磁带)、 硬件或光可读数字数据存储介质。 实 施方式同样包括执行上述方法的所述步骤的编程计算机。
应当注意的是, 在以上的描述中, 仅以示例的方式, 示出了本发明的技术 方案, 但并不意味着本发明局限于上述步骤和单元结构。 在可能的情形下, 可 以根据需要对步骤和单元结构进行调整和取舍。 因此, 某些步骤和单元并非实 施本发明的总体发明思想所必需的元素。 因此, 本发明所必需的技术特征仅受 限于能够实现本发明的总体发明思想的最低要求, 而不受以上具体实例的限制。
至此已经结合优选实施例对本发明进行了描述。应该理解, 本领域技术人员 在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行各种其它的改变、替换和添加。 因此, 本发明的范围不局限于上述特定实施例, 而应由所附权利要求所限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1 . 一种针对天线阵列的相关矩阵反馈方法, 包括步骤:
在接收端根据预定准则, 从包括多个码字的预定相关矩阵码本中选择码字, 用于代表要反馈的相关矩阵; 以及
向发射端反馈所选择的码字在预定相关矩阵码本中的索引;
其中, 每一个码字是对发射端的天线阵列的相关矩阵进行近似的码字矩阵。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其中, 天线阵列包括紧密间隔的均匀线性 阵列 ULA天线。
3 . 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其中, 每一个码字矩阵是对相关矩阵进行 近似的指数相关矩阵, 指数相关矩阵中第 (/, )元素/ ¾为 = — ) 其中 e 代表自然数, /和 是大于 0且不大于 N的整数、或者是不小于 0且不大于 N- 1 的整数, N表示发射端的天线阵列的天线数目, /·和 ^是彼此独立的随机正实值 变量。
4. 根据权利要求 2 所述的方法, 其中, r和 ^各自具有与其分布相对应的 码本。
5 . 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其中, ^的分布是在(0,2ττ]区间均匀分布。
6. 根据权利要求 3所述的方法, 其中, r大于 0.5且小于 1。
7.根据权利要求 4所述的方法,其中,每一个码字矩阵是利用 r和 ^的码本, 根据 = ^Aejii-J)e而计算得到的。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 预定准则包括矩阵共线性准则, 选择码字的步骤包括: 计算预定相关矩阵码本中每一个码字矩阵与要反馈 的相关矩阵之间的共线性, 并选择共线性最大的码字矩阵来代表要反馈的相关 矩阵。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 还包括: 在接收到从接收端反馈的码字索 引后, 在发射端利用该索引从预定相关矩阵码本中获取相应的码字, 以获知相 关矩阵的近似。
10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其中, 接收端包括用户设备, 发射端包 括基站。
1 1 . 一种针对天线阵列的相关矩阵反馈系统, 包括: 选择装置, 位于接收端, 用于根据预定准则, 从包括多个码字的预定相关矩 阵码本中选择码字, 用于代表要反馈的相关矩阵; 以及
反馈装置, 位于接收端, 用于向发射端反馈所选择的码字在预定相关矩阵码 本中的索引;
其中, 每一个码字是对发射端的天线阵列的相关矩阵进行近似的码字矩阵。
12. 根据权利要求 I I所述的系统, 其中, 预定准则包括矩阵共线性准则, 选择装置计算预定相关矩阵码本中每一个码字矩阵与要反馈的相关矩阵之 间的共线性, 并选择共线性最大的码字矩阵来代表要反馈的相关矩阵。
13. 根据权利要求 11 所述的系统, 还包括: 获取装置, 位于发射端, 用于 在发射端接收到从接收端反馈的码字索引后, 利用该索引从预定相关矩阵码本 中获取相应的码字, 以获知相关矩阵的近似。
PCT/CN2010/000447 2010-04-06 2010-04-06 针对天线阵列的相关矩阵反馈方法和系统 Ceased WO2011123977A1 (zh)

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