WO2011127778A1 - 一种获取网络负荷的方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种获取网络负荷的方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011127778A1
WO2011127778A1 PCT/CN2011/071784 CN2011071784W WO2011127778A1 WO 2011127778 A1 WO2011127778 A1 WO 2011127778A1 CN 2011071784 W CN2011071784 W CN 2011071784W WO 2011127778 A1 WO2011127778 A1 WO 2011127778A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
congestion
ldf
base station
user equipment
currently accessed
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PCT/CN2011/071784
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周晓云
宗在峰
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Priority to US13/635,208 priority Critical patent/US20130021916A1/en
Priority to EP11768390.4A priority patent/EP2560430A4/en
Publication of WO2011127778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011127778A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0284—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control detecting congestion or overload during communication

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a policy decision technique in a mobile communication system, and more particularly to a method and system for acquiring a network load. Background technique
  • the PCC architecture is a functional framework that can be applied to multiple access technologies.
  • the PCC architecture can be applied to the land mobile access network of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS, UMTS, UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network). ), Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) / GSM Data Enhanced Evolution (EDGE) radio access network, Interworking Wireless Local Area Network (I-WLAN), and Evolved Packet System (EPS).
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the existing PCC.
  • the PCC mainly implements two functions of policy control and accounting.
  • each logical functional entity and its interface functions in the PCC architecture include:
  • An application function entity (AF, Application Function) is an access point for providing a service application, and network resources used by a service application need dynamic policy control.
  • the AF passes the related service information to the Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF). If the service information is consistent with the policy of the PCRF, the PCRF accepts the negotiation; otherwise, the PCRF rejects the negotiation and provides the business parameters acceptable to the PCRF when fed back to the AF. Then, the AF can return the obtained service parameters acceptable to the PCRF to the user equipment (UE, User Equipment).
  • UE User Equipment
  • AF and PCRF The interface between them is the Rx interface.
  • the Proxy Call Session Control Function (P-CSCF) in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS, IP Multimedia Subsystem) can be considered as an AF.
  • P-CSCF Proxy Call Session Control Function
  • IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
  • the PCRF is the core functional entity of the PCC and is used to formulate policy decisions and charging rules.
  • the PCRF provides network control rules based on service data flows. These network control rules include detection of traffic data flows, Gating Control, Quality of Service (QoS) control, and traffic flow-based charging rules.
  • the PCRF sends its policy and charging rules to the Policy and Control Enforcement Function (PCEF).
  • PCEF Policy and Control Enforcement Function
  • the PCRF also needs to ensure that these rules are consistent with the user's subscription information.
  • the PCRF formulates the policy and charging rules based on: the business-related information obtained from the AF, and the user policy charging control related to the policy control and charging obtained from the SPR (Spent Profile Repository). Information, and information about the bearer-related network obtained from the PCEF through the Gx interface.
  • the PCEF is usually located in the gateway (GW, Gate-Way) and performs the policy and charging rules established by the PCRF on the bearer plane.
  • the PCEF detects the service data flow according to the service data flow filter in the rule sent by the PCRF, and then performs the policy and charging rule defined by the PCRF for the service data flow; when the bearer is established, the PCEF performs the rule according to the PCRF.
  • the QoS authorization, and the gate control is performed according to the execution of the AF; at the same time, the PCEF triggers the reporting of the event occurring on the bearer network according to the event subscribed by the PCRF; the PCEF performs the corresponding service flow accounting operation according to the charging rule sent by the PCRF, where
  • the billing can be online billing or offline billing.
  • PCEF In the case of online charging, the PCEF needs to perform credit management together with the Online Charging System (OCS); if offline charging, the PCEF is exchanged with the Offline Charging System (OFCS). Billing information.
  • the interface between the PCEF and the PCRF is a Gx interface
  • the interface between the PCEF and the OCS is a Gy interface
  • the interface between the PCEF and the OFCS is a Gz interface.
  • PCEF is generally set in the gateway of the network, such as EPS packet data network gateway (PDN-GW), general wireless packet service (GPRS, General Packet Radio GPRS Gateway Support Node (GGSN) in Service), and Packet Data Gateway (PDG) in Inter-Working Area Network (I-WLAN).
  • PDN-GW EPS packet data network gateway
  • GPRS General Packet Radio GPRS Gateway Support Node
  • PDG Packet Data Gateway
  • I-WLAN Inter-Working Area Network
  • the Bearer Binding and Event Reporting Function is usually located in the Access Network Gateway.
  • the Serving Gateway (S-GW) and the P-GW through the E-UTRAN the proxy mobile internet protocol version 6 ( ⁇ , Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol version 6) protocol is used in the S-GW.
  • ⁇ Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol version 6
  • BBERF is also present in the trusted non-3GPP access gateway.
  • a User Contracting Database stores user policy fee control subscription information related to policy control and charging.
  • the interface between SPR and PCRF is the Sp interface.
  • OCS and PCEF jointly complete the control and management of user credit under online charging mode.
  • the OFCS and the PCEF jointly perform the charging operation in the offline charging mode.
  • TDF traffic detection function
  • the UE establishes a packet data network (PDN, Packet Date Network) connection through a wireless communication system (such as GRPS, UMTS, EPS), which is also called an IP-Connected Access Network (IP-CAN, IP-Connectivity Access Network) session, and implements the carrier. Or access to IP services provided by third parties.
  • PDN Packet Date Network
  • a wireless communication system such as GRPS, UMTS, EPS
  • IP-CAN IP-Connected Access Network
  • IP-CAN IP-Connectivity Access Network
  • the PCRF In order to guarantee QoS, the PCRF needs to perceive the load of the network before making policy decisions. In this way, when the network is congested, the PCRF will reject the request of some services or reduce the QoS to transmit the service, thereby avoiding further increasing the load on the network when the network is congested.
  • the PCRF will reject the request of some services or reduce the QoS to transmit the service, thereby avoiding further increasing the load on the network when the network is congested.
  • the PCRF Unfortunately, at present, there is no specific implementation scheme in the prior art for how the PCRF obtains the network load. Summary of the invention
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for acquiring network load, which enables the policy server to know the network load condition, thereby ensuring service quality.
  • a method for obtaining network load comprising:
  • Load detection function LDF detects user plane data of user equipment
  • the LDF reports the load of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment to the policy server according to the detected congestion indication.
  • the method also includes:
  • the base station carries the congestion indication indicating that the congestion occurs in the user data, and transmits the congestion indication to the LDF through the gateway, or the user equipment sends the congestion indication that the base station is congested as the user data to the LDF;
  • the LDF detects user plane data of the user equipment: the LDF parses the received user data to obtain whether a congestion indication is carried.
  • the LDF reports to the policy server that the network load currently accessed by the user equipment includes: the LDF sends a load report message to the policy server, and carries a congestion indication in the load report message;
  • the policy server learns that the network load currently accessed by the user equipment is: the uplink of the base station currently accessed by the user equipment is congested; if the congestion indication is marked as downlink congestion, the policy server is informed.
  • the network load condition currently accessed by the user equipment is: the downlink of the base station currently accessed by the user equipment is congested; if the congestion indication is marked as uplink and downlink congestion, the policy server knows that the network load currently accessed by the user equipment is: Congestion occurs on both the uplink and downlink of the base station currently accessed by the device.
  • the congestion indication carries a data payload of the user data, and/or an internal IP packet header, and/or a GTP header, and/or an external IP packet header.
  • the method further includes: when the congestion indication changes, the LDF reports to the policy server that the load of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment changes.
  • the LDF reports to the policy server that the load of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment changes:
  • the LDF sends a load report message to the policy server, and carries a congestion release indication in the load report message;
  • the policy server learns that the network load currently accessed by the user equipment is: the uplink congestion of the base station currently accessed by the user equipment is released; if the congestion cancellation indication is marked as downlink congestion cancellation, The policy server knows that the network load currently accessed by the user equipment is: the downlink congestion of the base station currently accessed by the user equipment is released; if the congestion cancellation indication is marked as the uplink and downlink congestion is simultaneously cancelled, the policy server learns that the user equipment is currently accessed.
  • the network load situation is as follows: The uplink and downlink congestion of the base station currently accessed by the user equipment are released.
  • the method further includes: after the policy server learns the wireless base station load condition currently accessed by the user equipment, and returns an acknowledgement message to the LDF.
  • the method further includes: transmitting, by the user equipment, signaling for downlink congestion of the currently visited wireless base station to the communication peer;
  • the LDF determines, according to the congestion indication of the internal IP packet data payload, the downlink congestion of the radio base station currently accessed by the UE, and notifies the PCRF that the currently accessed radio base station of the user equipment is congested.
  • the signaling of the downlink congestion of the currently accessed wireless base station that is transmitted is a signaling notification of the Transmission Control Protocol TCP, the Flow Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), or the Real-Time Transmission Control Protocol (RTCP).
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • SCTP Flow Control Transmission Protocol
  • RTCP Real-Time Transmission Control Protocol
  • the LDF When the LDF is located in the PCEF, or the LDF is combined with the PCEF, the LDF When reporting the congestion indication to the PCRF, the PCEF simultaneously carries the base station identification information of the wireless base station accessed by the current user equipment;
  • the LDF carries the identification information of the wireless base station accessed by the current user equipment when the congestion is reported to the PCRF.
  • the LDF is located in the PCEF as a function enhancement of the PCEF; or the LDF is located in the service detection function TDF as a function enhancement of the TDF; or the LDF is an independent functional entity.
  • a system for acquiring a network load mainly comprising a user equipment, a load detection function LDF, and a policy server, wherein
  • the LDF is configured to detect the user plane data of the user equipment, and report the load of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment to the policy server according to the detected congestion indication;
  • the policy server is configured to receive information reported by the LDF, and learn the load of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment.
  • the LDF is further configured to report to the policy server that the load of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment changes.
  • the policy server is further configured to: after learning the load of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment, return an acknowledgement message to the LDF.
  • the LDF is further configured to report the base station identification information of the wireless base station accessed by the current user equipment when the status of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment or the change of the wireless base station load is reported to the policy server.
  • the system also includes a base station and a gateway, wherein
  • a base station configured to carry a congestion indication indicating that congestion occurs in the user data during transmission of the service data from the user, and transmit the information to the LDF through the gateway;
  • Gateway used to transfer and process user data between the base station and the LDF.
  • the gateway includes a serving gateway S-GW and a packet data gateway P-GW, and the policy server is a policy control and charging rule function entity PCRF;
  • the gateway comprises a serving GPRS support node SGSN and a GPRS gateway support node GGSN, and the policy server is a PCRF.
  • the user equipment is further configured to send, to the communication peer end, signaling for downlink congestion of the currently accessed radio base station;
  • the LDF determines, according to the congestion indication of the internal IP packet data payload, the downlink congestion of the radio base station currently accessed by the UE, and notifies the PCRF that the currently accessed radio base station of the user equipment is congested.
  • the signaling of the downlink congestion of the currently accessed wireless base station that is transmitted is a signaling notification of the Transmission Control Protocol TCP, the Flow Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), or the Real-Time Transmission Control Protocol (RTCP).
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • SCTP Flow Control Transmission Protocol
  • RTCP Real-Time Transmission Control Protocol
  • the LDF is located in the PCEF as a function enhancement of the PCEF; or the LDF is located in the service detection function TDF as a function enhancement of the TDF; or the LDF is an independent functional entity.
  • the LDF detects the user plane data of the user equipment, and reports the network load currently accessed by the user equipment to the policy server according to the detected congestion indication.
  • the policy server learns the network load condition, thereby ensuring the quality of the service.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of an existing PCC
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PCC enhanced architecture of an existing TDF
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of uplink data transmission sent by a UE as an example of an EPS system
  • FIG. 4 is an eNodeB sent to an S-GW when an uplink IP data packet is sent by a user in an EPS system, and sent by the S-GW to the P-GW. a schematic diagram of the format of the data packet;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ECN detection process of existing downlink data
  • 6 is a schematic flow chart of ECN detection of existing uplink data
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a system for acquiring a network load according to the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a system for acquiring a network load according to the present invention
  • 9 is a flowchart of a method for acquiring a network load according to the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart diagram of an embodiment of a method for acquiring a network load according to the present invention. detailed description
  • the PDN connection (also called IP-CAN session) to the PDN must first be established through the wireless communication system.
  • the network establishes a bearer with QoS guarantee for transmitting the service according to the information such as the attribute of the service (that is, the network allocates corresponding resources), that is, the user plane User Plane, when the network establishes the bearer, the user only Business access is possible.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an uplink data transmission sent by a UE as an example of an EPS system.
  • a UE sends an uplink IP data packet to a PDN network
  • the UE firstly uses an uplink service filter template (UL-TFT) pre-installed in the UE.
  • the Uplink Traffic Filter Template is configured to filter the uplink IP data packet to a bearer established by the network to transmit the service, and the UE encapsulates the user data by using a wireless side protocol, and identifies by using a Radio Bearer Identifier (RB-ID).
  • RB-ID Radio Bearer Identifier
  • the eNodeB After the bearer is sent to the eNodeB, the eNodeB decapsulates the IP data packet, encapsulates it with the GTP protocol, and identifies the GTP-U data packet by using the tunnel endpoint identifier (S 1 - TEID , Tunnel Endpoint Identifier ) corresponding to the RB-ID ( It can be expressed as SI GTP-U); the eNodeB then sends the SI GTP-U packet to the S-GW. After the S-GW decapsulates the IP packet, it continues to encapsulate with the GTP protocol.
  • the tunnel endpoint identifier S 1 - TEID , Tunnel Endpoint Identifier
  • the S5/S8-TEID corresponding to the TEID encapsulates the GTP-U data packet (which can be expressed as S5/S8 GTP-U); the S-GW sends the S5/S8 GTP-U data packet to the P-GW; the P-GW will IP After the packet is decapsulated, according to the IP packet Routing IP header, it is sent to the appropriate network PDN.
  • GTP-U data packet which can be expressed as S5/S8 GTP-U
  • the S-GW sends the S5/S8 GTP-U data packet to the P-GW; the P-GW will IP After the packet is decapsulated, according to the IP packet Routing IP header, it is sent to the appropriate network PDN.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a format of a data packet sent by the eNodeB to the S-GW and sent by the S-GW to the P-GW when the user sends the uplink IP data packet in the EPS system, as shown in FIG. 4, where the data payload is The service data to be sent by the UE and the signaling of the UE interacting with the communication peer, such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), Flow Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP, Stream Control Transmission Protocol) , Real-time Transport Protocol / Real-time Transport Control Protocol 1 j (RTP / RTCP, Realtime Transport Protocol / Realtime Transport Control Protocol), and a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP, Session Initial Protocol) signaling and the like; internal
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • SCTP Flow Control Transmission Protocol
  • SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
  • RTP Real-time Transport Protocol / Real-time Transport Control Protocol 1 j
  • RTP / RTCP Realtime Transport Protocol / Realtime Transport Control Protocol
  • the data payload and the internal IP packet header constitute the data IP packet sent by the UE.
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • GTP GPRS Transport Protocol
  • TEID Tunnel Endpoint Identifier
  • S1-TEID the TEID is S1-TEID, which is allocated by the S-GW when the bearer is established.
  • S5/S8-TEID the TEID is S5/S8-TEID, which is established in the bearer.
  • External IP packet header is the IP protocol header, for the eNodeB and the S-GW, the destination address is the user plane IP address of the S-GW, and the source address is the user plane IP address of the eNodeB; for the S-GW and the P- Between the GWs, the destination address is the user plane IP address of the P-GW, and the source address is the user plane IP address of the S-GW.
  • FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show a method for adjusting the transmission rate of the communication parties according to the network congestion condition by using an ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) mechanism in the prior art.
  • ECN Exlicit Congestion Notification
  • both the UE and the radio base station support the ECN mechanism.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ECN detection process of existing downlink data.
  • UE B sends data to UE A at a higher rate, and the IP header ECN flag bit of the data is set to ECT(O) (ie, no congestion).
  • the radio base station A sets the ECN flag bit of the data packet to ECN-CE (ie, congestion);
  • ECN-CE ie, congestion
  • UE A detects the ECN-CE value, Determining that congestion occurs on its downlink path, UE A will send a rate-reduction rate adjustment request message to UE B; after receiving the rate adjustment request message, UE B will Send data at a lower rate.
  • the load of the wireless base station is reduced, and the data packet is not lost due to congestion of the wireless base station, so that the service can be accessed normally.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of ECN detection of existing uplink data.
  • UE A sends data to UE B at a higher rate, and the IP header ECN flag of the data is set to ECT(O) (ie, no congestion).
  • ECT(O) ie, no congestion
  • the radio base station A sets the ECN bit of the data packet to ECN-CE (ie, congestion);
  • the UE B detects the ECN-CE value, It is judged that congestion occurs on the uplink path, and UE B will send a rate-reduction rate adjustment request message to UE A; after receiving the rate adjustment request message, UE A transmits data at a lower rate.
  • the present invention introduces a load detection function (LDF) for detecting a congestion indication bit in the user plane data of the wireless communication system, and notifying the current load condition of the PCRF.
  • LDF load detection function
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a system for acquiring a network load according to the present invention.
  • the LDF functions as a PCEF or a functional subset of the TDF, that is, the PCEF or the TDF performs function enhancement to support network load detection and reporting. Function, wherein PCEF and TDF can be combined or separated according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a system for obtaining a network load according to the present invention.
  • the LDF exists as a separate logical functional entity, and may be separated from the PCEF or the TDF during deployment, or may be combined.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining network load according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 9, the method of the present invention mainly includes the following steps:
  • Step 900 The LDF detects user plane data of the user equipment.
  • the base station may carry a congestion indication indicating that congestion occurs in the user data, and transmit the congestion indication to the LDF via the gateway, or the congestion indication of the congestion of the base station by the UE.
  • the user data is sent to the LDF; the LDF parses the received user data to obtain whether or not the congestion indication is carried.
  • the congestion indication can be carried in the data payload shown in Figure 4, and / or the internal IP packet header, and / or GTP header, and / or the external IP packet header.
  • Step 901 The LDF reports the network load of the current access of the user equipment to the policy server according to the detected congestion indication.
  • the LDF can send a load report message to the policy server and carry a congestion indication in the load report message. If the congestion indication is marked as uplink congestion, the policy server learns that the network load currently accessed by the user equipment is: the uplink of the base station currently accessed by the UE is congested; if the congestion indication is marked as downlink congestion, the policy server learns that the user equipment is currently connected. The network load situation of the incoming network is: the downlink of the base station currently accessed by the UE is congested; if the congestion indication is marked as uplink and downlink congestion, the policy server knows that the network load currently accessed by the user equipment is: Congestion occurred both in the downlink and in the downlink.
  • the method of the present invention further includes the step 902: when the congestion indication changes, the LDF reports to the policy server that the load of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment changes.
  • the base station When the load on the network is reduced, such as when congestion is released in a certain direction or in both directions, the base station will no longer carry a congestion indication in the user data. If the uplink congestion is removed, the uplink congestion is no longer marked; if the downlink is released, the downlink congestion is no longer marked; if the uplink and downlink congestion are both removed, the uplink and downlink congestion is no longer marked.
  • the LDF obtains the congestion of the base station currently accessed by the UE in a certain direction or both directions by parsing the received user data.
  • the UE may send an indication to cancel the congestion as user data to the LDF, and the LDF obtains the congestion cancellation in the downlink direction of the base station currently accessed by the UE by analyzing the received user data.
  • the LDF can send a load report message to the policy server and report it to the load.
  • the message carries a congestion release indication. If the congestion cancellation indication is marked as uplink congestion cancellation, the policy server learns that the network load currently accessed by the user equipment is: the uplink congestion of the base station currently accessed by the UE is released; if the congestion cancellation indication is marked as downlink congestion cancellation, the policy server learns the user.
  • the load status of the radio base station currently accessed by the device is: the downlink congestion of the base station currently accessed by the UE is released; if the congestion release indication flag is that the uplink and downlink congestion is simultaneously cancelled, the policy server learns that the radio base station load status currently accessed by the user equipment is: UE Both the uplink and downlink congestion of the currently accessed base station are released.
  • the congestion release indication may be carried in the data payload and/or the internal IP packet header, and/or the GTP header, and/or the external IP packet header shown in FIG. 4. For specific implementation, refer to the following detailed description of the congestion indication. .
  • the policy server learns the load status of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment, the policy server returns an acknowledgement message to the LDF.
  • the PCEF located at the P-GW or the GGSN can acquire the base station identification information of the wireless base station (eNodeB or NodeB) that the current UE accesses. Therefore, the method of the present invention further includes: when the PCEF detects that the user plane data sent by a certain UE carries a congestion indication, when the LDF is located in the PCEF or the LDF is combined with the PCEF, the LDF reports the congestion indication to the PCRF, the PCEF At the same time, carrying the base station identification information of the radio base station accessed by the current UE.
  • the LDF does not need to report the congestion of the base station to the PCRF.
  • the LDF detects that the congestion indication of the user plane data of the UE that accesses the radio base station is released, the LDF carries the identifier information of the radio base station when the congestion is reported to the PCRF, and the PCRF can also know that the radio base station is released.
  • the system of the present invention further provides a system for acquiring network load, which mainly includes a user equipment, an LDF, and a policy server, where
  • the LDF is configured to detect user plane data of the user equipment, report the load of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment to the policy server according to the detected congestion indication, and further report to the policy server that the network load currently accessed by the user equipment occurs. Changing situation;
  • a policy server configured to receive information reported by the LDF, and learn that the user equipment is currently accessed.
  • the wireless base station load situation configured to receive information reported by the LDF, and learn that the user equipment is currently accessed.
  • the policy server is further configured to: after learning the load status of the wireless base station currently accessed by the user equipment, return an acknowledgement message to the LDF.
  • the system of the present invention further includes a base station and a gateway, wherein
  • a user equipment configured to send, to the communication peer, signaling for downlink congestion of the currently visited wireless base station
  • a base station configured to carry a congestion indication indicating that congestion occurs in the user data during transmission of the service data from the user, and transmit the information to the LDF through the gateway;
  • the gateway used to transfer and process user data between the base station and the LDF.
  • the gateway includes an S-GW and a P-GW, and the policy server is a PCRF;
  • the gateway includes a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and a GGSN, and the policy server is a PCRF.
  • SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
  • GGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
  • the LDF is located in the PCEF as a function enhancement of the PCEF; or the LDF is located in the service detection function TDF as a function enhancement of the TDF; or the LDF is an independent functional entity.
  • 10 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for acquiring a network load according to the present invention.
  • an EPS system is used as an example, and a UE establishes an attach procedure or a PDN connection request process (that is, after the UE is attached, another PDN connection is established). After IP-CAN, the service is accessed through the IP-CAN session.
  • the LDF is located in the PCEF, or the LDF is combined with the PCEF. As shown in Figure 10, the following steps are included:
  • Step 1000 The UE sends an uplink IP data packet to the eNodeB, and the eNodeB encapsulates the IP data packet in the SI GTP-U established by the eNodeB and the S-GW for transmitting the IP data packet, and sends the data packet to the S-GW.
  • the S-GW decapsulates the IP data packet from the SI GTP-U, and then encapsulates it in the S5/S8 GTP-U established between the S-GW and the P-GW for transmitting the IP data packet and sends it to the P-
  • the GW and the P-GW decapsulate the IP data packet from the S5/S8 GTP-U and route it according to the IP packet header address of the IP data packet.
  • Step 1001 The UE continues to send the uplink IP data packet to the eNodeB.
  • the congestion indication is marked as uplink congestion. If the eNodeB is down, the congestion indication is marked as downlink congestion. If the eNodeB is congested, the congestion indication is marked as uplink and downlink congestion.
  • Step 1003 The S-GW decapsulates the IP data packet marked with the congestion indication from the SI GTP-U, and then encapsulates it in the S5/S8 GTP-U between the S-GW and the P-GW and sends it to the P- GW.
  • Step 1004 The P-GW decapsulates the IP packet marked with the congestion indication from the S5/S8 GTP-U. .
  • Step 1005 If the LDF is located in the PCEF of the P-GW or is combined with the PCEF, then the LDF learns that the UE is currently connected according to the congestion indication carried in the IP data packet (ie, the congestion indication bit of the internal IP packet header in FIG. 3). Congestion has occurred in the incoming eNodeB.
  • the PCEF sends an IP-CAN session modification indication message to the PCRF, and the message carries a congestion indication or the LDF sends a load report message to the PCRF, and carries a congestion indication.
  • the PCRF learns that the eNodeB currently accessed by the UE is congested; if the congestion indication is marked as downlink congestion, the PCRF learns that the eNodeB currently accessed by the UE is congested; if the congestion indication is marked as up and down The line is congested at the same time, and then the PCRF learns that the eNodeB currently accessed by the UE has congestion on both the uplink and the downlink.
  • Step 1006 After the PCRF learns the congestion condition, it returns a confirmation message to the PCEF or LDF.
  • Step 1007 After a period of time, it is assumed that the load of the eNodeB is reduced, and the congestion in one direction or both directions is released. The eNodeB no longer marks the congestion indication in the IP packet header (ie, the internal IP packet header in Figure 3). If the uplink congestion is removed, the uplink congestion is no longer marked; if the downlink is released, the downlink congestion is no longer marked; if the uplink and downlink congestion are both removed, the uplink and downlink congestion is no longer marked.
  • Step 1008 The LDF learns that the congestion of the eNodeB currently accessed by the UE is canceled in a certain direction or in two directions according to the congestion indication in the IP data packet.
  • the PCEF located in the P-GW sends an IP-CAN session modification indication to the PCRF, and carries a congestion release indication to notify the UE that the current eNodeB is in a certain direction or in two directions.
  • the LDF sends a load report message to the PCRF.
  • the congestion cancellation indication is carried, and the congestion of the eNodeB currently accessed by the UE in one direction or both directions is notified.
  • Step 1009 After the PCRF obtains the eNodeB to cancel the congestion, it returns a confirmation message to the PCEF or the LDF.
  • the P-GW decapsulates the IP data packet and forwards the IP data packet to the TDF or the LDF according to the congestion indication carried in the IP data packet.
  • the congestion indication carried in the IP data packet.
  • the TDF or LDF sends a load report message carrying the congestion indication to the PCRF to notify the PCRF of the load. The same is true of the process of lifting congestion.
  • Figure 10 is an example of an EPS system.
  • eNodeB should be NodeB
  • S-GW should be SGSN
  • P-GW should be
  • the PCEF is located in the GGSN
  • the LDF can be located in the PCEF of the GGSN, or can be set or divided with the PCEF.
  • RNC Radio Network Controler
  • the congestion indication is carried in the header of the internal IP packet.
  • the congestion indication can also be carried in the head of the SI GTP-U. Still taking EPS as an example, some steps in Figure 10 will change. The specific changes are as follows:
  • Step 1002 should be step 1002': At this point, assume that the eNodeB is congested.
  • the eNodeB encapsulates the IP data packet in the SI GTP-U of the eNodeB and the S-GW and sends it to the S-GW, and marks the congestion indication at the head of the SI GTP-U.
  • the congestion indication is marked as uplink congestion. If the eNodeB is in the downlink congestion, the congestion indication is marked as downlink congestion. If the eNodeB is concurrently congested, the congestion indication is marked as uplink and downlink congestion.
  • Step 1003 should be step 1003': the S-GW decapsulates the IP data packet from the SI GTP-U, and then encapsulates it in the S5/S8 GTP-U between the S-GW and the P-GW and sends it to the P- GW. Since the header of the GTP-U between the eNodeB and the S-GW has a congestion indication, the S-GW marks the same congestion indication in the header of the GTP-U between it and the P-GW.
  • Step 1004 should be step 1004':
  • the P-GW decapsulates the IP data packet from the S5/S8 GTP-U.
  • the LDF located in the PCEF or the LDF co-located with the PCEF learns that the eNodeB currently accessed by the UE is congested according to the congestion indication of the S5/S8 GTP-U header.
  • Step 1007 should be step 1007': After a period of time, assuming that the load on the eNodeB is reduced, congestion is relieved in one direction or both directions. The eNodeB no longer marks congestion in the header of the SI GTP-U, and the S-GW no longer marks the same congestion indication in the header of the GTP-U between it and the P-GW.
  • the congestion indication can also be carried in the head of the external IP packet.
  • the implementation generally includes: The eNodeB marks the congestion indication in the external IP packet header of the eNodeB and the S-GW (see FIG. 3). Similarly, if the eNodeB is in the uplink congestion, the congestion indication is marked as uplink congestion; if the eNodeB is downlink-congested The congestion indication is marked as downlink congestion; if the eNodeB is congested at the same time, the congestion indication is marked as uplink and downlink congestion; according to the congestion indication, the S-GW marks the corresponding congestion indication in the same manner as the external IP header of the P-GW.
  • the LDF in the PCEF of the P-GW or the LDF that is associated with the PCEF reports the congestion of the wireless base station currently accessed by the UE to the PCRF according to the congestion indication.
  • the specific implementation process is similar to the fact that the congestion indication can also be carried in the head of the SI GTP-U, which is easily available to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
  • the congestion indication is carried in the same part of the user data, such as an internal IP packet header, or a GTP header, or an external IP packet header; likewise, the congestion indication may be based on the congestion indication. And downlink congestion, respectively, in different parts of the user data to identify. For example: a congestion indication is carried in the header of the internal IP packet to identify the uplink congestion; a congestion indication is carried in the head of the SI GTP-U packet or the header of the external IP packet to identify the downlink congestion; if in the header of the internal IP packet, and the SI GTP-U If the packet header or the external IP packet header carries a congestion indication, it indicates Both upstream and downstream are congested. Implementations generally include:
  • the eNodeB When transmitting data to the S-GW, the eNodeB sets a congestion indication in the header of the internal IP packet to identify the uplink congestion, and sets a congestion indication in the header of the SI GTP-U packet or the header of the external IP packet to identify the downlink congestion.
  • the S-GW decapsulates the IP data packet from the SI GTP-U packet, and then encapsulates In the S5/S8 GTP-U between it and the P-GW, at this time, if the SI GTP-U packet header or the external IP packet header sent by the eNodeB carries a congestion indication, the S-GW also sends it Set the same congestion indication to the S5/S8 GTP-U packet header or external IP packet header of the P-GW; the P-GW detects the data packet sent by the S-GW, if only in the S5/S8 GTP-U packet header or external IP The header of the packet carries the congestion indication.
  • the LDF located in the PCEF of the P-GW or the LDF associated with the PCEF indicates to the PCRF that the radio base station currently accessed by the UE is down-congested; if only the internal IP packet header carries a congestion indication, it is located at the P
  • the LDF in the PCEF of the GW or the LDF associated with the PCEF or the LDF with the PCEF or the LDF located in the TDF indicates to the PCRF that the UE currently accessing the radio base station is in uplink congestion.
  • the LDF (where the LDF may be located at a different location) indicates to the PCRF that the UE is currently accessing the uplink and downlink of the wireless base station. Both are congested.
  • protocols such as TCP, SCTP, and RTCP support the characteristics of the ECN mechanism.
  • the UE receives the congestion indication set by the internal IP header of the downlink data, the UE sends a specific TCP, SCTP or RTCP signaling communication.
  • the currently accessed radio base station has congestion in the downlink, and the signaling is also the data payload in FIG. Therefore, in other embodiments, the EPS is still taken as an example, and the following can also be implemented as follows:
  • a congestion indication is set in the header of the internal IP packet to identify the uplink congestion.
  • the LDF located in the PCEF of the P-GW, or the LDF associated with the PCEF, or the LDF separated by the PCEF, or the LDF located in the TDF determines the uplink of the wireless base station currently accessed by the UE according to the congestion indication set in the internal IP packet header. congestion, The PCRF is notified of the uplink congestion of the radio base station currently accessed by the UE.
  • the UE When the UE receives the congestion indication of the internal IP packet header setting of the downlink data, the UE sends a specific TCP, SCTP, or RTCP signaling to the communication peer end, and the currently accessed wireless base station downlink is congested, and the signaling is also FIG.
  • the data payload in .
  • the congestion indication of the radio base station currently accessed by the UE is determined, and the PCRF is notified of the downlink congestion of the radio base station currently accessed by the UE.
  • the PCEF located in the P-GW or the GGSN can acquire the base station identification information of the radio base station (eNodeB or NodeB) accessed by the current UE. Therefore, the method of the present invention further includes: when the LDF detects that the user plane data sent by a certain UE carries a congestion indication, when the LDF is located in the PCEF or the LDF is combined with the PCEF, the LDF reports the congestion indication to the PCRF, the PCEF At the same time, carrying the base station identification information of the radio base station accessed by the current UE.
  • the LDF does not need to report the congestion of the base station to the PCRF.
  • the LDF detects that the congestion indication of the user plane data of the UE that accesses the radio base station is released, the LDF carries the identifier information of the radio base station when the congestion is reported to the PCRF, and the PCRF can also know that the radio base station is released.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种获取网络负荷的方法及系统，包括负荷检测功能（LDF）检测用户设备的用户面数据，并根据检测出的拥塞指示，向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的网络负荷情况。通过本发明方法，策略服务器获知了网络负荷情况，从而保证了业务质量。

Description

一种获取网络负荷的方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信系统中的策略决策技术， 尤其涉及一种获取网络 负荷的方法及系统。 背景技术
自第三代合作伙伴计划阶段 7 ( 3GPP Release7 )标准体系以来， 策略 和计费功能由策略和计费控制 （ PCC , Policy and Charging Control )框架来 实现。 PCC 架构是一个能够应用于多种接入技术的功能框架， 例如， PCC 架构可以应用 于通用移动通信系统 （ UMTS , Universal Mobile Telecommunications System )的陆上无线接入网（ UTRAN , UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network )、全球移动通信系统（ GSM, Global system for Mobile Communication ) /GSM数据增强演进（ EDGE )无线接入网、 互通无线局域 网 （I-WLAN ) 以及演进的分组系统（EPS, Evolved Packet System )等。
图 1为现有 PCC的组成架构示意图， PCC主要实现了策略控制和计 费两大功能， 如图 1所示， PCC架构中的各个逻辑功能实体及其接口功能 包括：
应用功能实体（ AF, Application Function )为用于提供业务应用的接入 点， 业务应用所使用的网络资源需要进行动态的策略控制。 在业务面进行 参数协商时， AF 将相关业务信息传递给策略控制与计费规则功能实体 ( PCRF, Policy and Charging Rules Function )。 如果这些业务信息与 PCRF 的策略相一致， 则 PCRF接受该协商； 否则， PCRF拒绝该协商， 并在向 AF反馈时提供 PCRF可接受的业务参数。 随后， AF可将获得的 PCRF可 接受的业务参数返回给用户设备（ UE, User Equipment )。其中， AF和 PCRF 之间的接口是 Rx接口。 IP多媒体子系统（ IMS , IP Multimedia Subsystem ) 中的代理 -呼叫会话控制功能（ P-CSCF, Proxy Call Session Control Function ) 可以认为是一种 AF。
PCRF是 PCC的核心功能实体， 用于制定策略决策和计费规则。 PCRF 提供基于业务数据流的网络控制规则， 这些网络控制规则包括业务数据流 的检测、 门控（ Gating Control ) 、 服务质量（QoS, Quality of Service )控 制以及基于数据流的计费规则等。 PCRF将其制定的策略和计费规则发送给 策略和计费执行功能实体（ PCEF, Policy and Control Enforcement Function ) 执行；同时， PCRF还需要保证这些规则和用户的签约信息一致。其中， PCRF 制定策略和计费规则的依据是： 从 AF获得的与业务相关的信息、从用户签 约数据库（ SPR, Subscription Profile Repository )获得的与策略控制和计费 相关的用户策略计费控制签约信息、以及通过 Gx接口从 PCEF获得的与承 载相关网络的信息。
PCEF通常位于网关 （ GW, Gate-Way ) 内， 在承载面执行 PCRF所制 定的策略和计费规则。 PCEF按照 PCRF所发送的规则中的业务数据流过滤 器对业务数据流进行检测， 进而对这些业务数据流执行 PCRF 所制定的策 略和计费规则；在承载建立时， PCEF按照 PCRF发送的规则进行 QoS授权， 并根据 AF的执行进行门控控制； 同时， PCEF根据 PCRF订阅的事件触发 上报承载网络上发生的事件； PCEF根据 PCRF发送的计费规则， 执行相 应的业务数据流计费操作， 其中， 计费可以是在线计费， 也可以是离线计 费。如果是在线计费，则 PCEF需要与在线计费系统（ OCS , Online Charging System ) 一起进行信用管理； 如果离线计费， 则 PCEF 与离线计费系统 ( OFCS , Offline Charging System )之间交换相关的计费信息。 PCEF与 PCRF 之间的接口是 Gx接口， PCEF与 OCS之间的接口是 Gy接口， PCEF与 OFCS 之间的接口是 Gz接口。 PCEF—般都设置在网络的网关中， 如 EPS的分组 数据网络网关（ PDN-GW )、通用无线分组业务（ GPRS, General Packet Radio Service ) 中的 GPRS 网关支持节点 （ GGSN ) , 以及互联无线网局域网 ( I-WLAN, Interworking WLAN ) 中的分组数据网关 （PDG, Packet Data Gateway )等。
承载绑定和事件报告功能实体 （BBERF , Bearer Binding and Event Reporting Function )通常位于接入网网关 ( Access Network Gateway ) 内。 如当用户设备通过 E-UTRAN接入 EPS、 服务网关（ S-GW )与 P-GW之间 釆用代理移动互联网协议版本 6 ( ΡΜΙΡνό, Proxy Mobile Internet Protocol version 6 )协议时， S-GW中就存在 BBERF。当用户设备通过可信任非 3GPP 接入网接入时， 可信任非 3GPP接入网关中也存在 BBERF。
用户签约数据库（SPR ) , 存储有与策略控制和计费相关的用户策略计 费控制签约信息。 SPR和 PCRF之间的接口是 Sp接口。
OCS和 PCEF共同完成在线计费方式下用户信用的控制和管理。
OFCS与 PCEF共同完成离线计费方式下的计费操作。
此外， 现有技术中， 为了能够使得 PCRF对非会话类的业务（即没有 AF提供业务信息）进行策略控制，现有技术中又引入了业务检测功能（ TDF, Traffic Detection Function )用于检测业务信息并上报给 PCRF。 图 2为现有 引入 TDF的 PCC增强架构示意图 , TDF通过 Gx或者 Rx接口与 PCRF交 互。 TDF可以与 PCEF合设， 也可以和 PCEF分设。
UE通过无线通讯系统（如 GRPS、 UMTS , EPS )建立分组数据网络 ( PDN , Packet Date Network ) 连接， 也称 IP 连接接入网 （IP-CAN , IP-Connectivity Access Network )会话， 实现对运营商或第三方提供的 IP业 务的访问。 PCRF根据用户访问的业务的 QoS需求进行策略决策， 并在无 线通讯系统中发起资源预留过程以提供业务访问的 QoS保障。
为了保障 QoS, PCRF需要感知到网络的负荷后再进行策略决策。这样， 当网络出现拥塞时， PCRF才会拒绝某些业务的请求或是降低 QoS来传输 该业务， 从而能够避免在网络出现拥塞时进一步加剧网络的负荷， 进而将 严重影响业务质量。 但现， 目前现有技术中没有提供 PCRF如何获得网络 负荷的具体实现方案。 发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种获取网络负荷的方法及系 统， 能够使策略服务器获知网络负荷情况， 从而保证业务质量。
为达到上述目的， 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种获取网络负荷的方法， 该方法包括：
负荷检测功能 LDF检测用户设备的用户面数据；
LDF根据检测出的拥塞指示， 向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的 无线基站的负荷情况。
该方法之前还包括：
基站将表示自身发生拥塞的拥塞指示携带在用户数据中， 经网关传输 至所述 LDF, 或者用户设备将基站发生拥塞的拥塞指示作为用户数据发送 至所述 LDF;
所述 LDF检测用户设备的用户面数据为：所述 LDF对接收到的用户数 据进行解析以获取是否携带有拥塞指示。
所述 LDF向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的网络负荷情况包括： 所述 LDF向策略服务器发送负荷上报消息， 并在负荷上报消息中携带 拥塞指示；
如果拥塞指示标记为上行拥塞， 则所述策略服务器获知用户设备当前 接入的网络负荷情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站上行发生拥塞； 如果拥 塞指示标记为下行拥塞， 则所述策略服务器获知用户设备当前接入的网络 负荷情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站下行发生拥塞； 如果拥塞指示标记 为上下行同时拥塞， 则所述策略服务器获知用户设备当前接入的网络负荷 情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站上行和下行均发生了拥塞。 所述拥塞指示携带在所述用户数据的数据载荷、 和 /或内部 IP包头部、 和 /或 GTP头部， 和 /或外部 IP包头部。
该方法还包括： 当所述拥塞指示发生变化时， 所述 LDF向策略服务器 上报用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷发生变化的情况。
所述 LDF向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷发生变 化的情况包括：
所述 LDF向策略服务器发送负荷上报消息， 并在负荷上报消息中携带 拥塞解除指示；
如果拥塞解除指示标记为上行拥塞解除， 则所述策略服务器获知用户 设备当前接入的网络负荷情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站上行拥塞解除； 如果拥塞解除指示标记为下行拥塞解除， 则所述策略服务器获知用户设备 当前接入的网络负荷情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站下行拥塞解除； 如 果拥塞解除指示标记为上下行拥塞同时解除， 则所述策略服务器获知用户 设备当前接入的网络负荷情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站上行和下行拥 塞均解除。
该方法还包括： 所述策略服务器获知用户设备当前接入的无线基站负 荷情况后， 向 LDF返回确认消息。
该方法还包括： 所述用户设备向通讯对端发送其当前接入的无线基站 的下行发生拥塞的信令；
所述 LDF根据内部 IP包数据载荷的信令这一拥塞指示判断出 UE当前接 入的无线基站下行拥塞， 通知所述 PCRF该用户设备当前接入的无线基站下 行拥塞。
所述发送的当前接入的无线基站的下行发生拥塞的信令为传输控制协 议 TCP、 流控制传输协议 SCTP或实时传输控制协议 RTCP的信令通知。
所述 LDF在向策略服务器上报拥塞指示或拥塞解除指示时，
在所述 LDF位于 PCEF中， 或所述 LDF与 PCEF合设时， 所述 LDF 在向 PCRF上报拥塞指示时， PCEF同时携带当前用户设备接入的无线基站 的基站标识信息；
所述 LDF向 PCRF上报拥塞解除时同时携带当前用户设备接入的无线 基站的标识信息。
所述 LDF位于 PCEF中作为 PCEF的功能增强； 或者 , 所述 LDF位于 业务检测功能 TDF中作为 TDF的功能增强； 或者， 所述 LDF为独立的功 能实体。
一种获取网络负荷的系统， 主要包括用户设备、 负荷检测功能 LDF及 策略服务器， 其中，
LDF, 用于检测用户设备的用户面数据，根据检测出的拥塞指示， 向策 略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷情况；
策略服务器， 用于接收来自 LDF上报的信息， 获知用户设备当前接入 的无线基站负荷情况。
所述 LDF, 进一步用于向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的无线基 站负荷发生变化的情况。
所述策略服务器， 进一步用于获知用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷 情况后， 向 LDF返回确认消息。
所述 LDF,还用于在向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的无线基站负 荷情况或无线基站负荷发生变化的情况时， 同时上报当前用户设备接入的 无线基站的基站标识信息。
该系统还包括基站和网关， 其中，
基站， 用于在来自用户的业务数据的传输过程中， 将表示自身发生拥 塞的拥塞指示携带在用户数据中， 经网关传输至所述 LDF;
网关， 用于在基站与 LDF间转送并处理用户数据。
在演进的分组系统 EPS中， 所述网关包括服务网关 S-GW和分组数据网 关 P-GW, 所述策略服务器为策略控制与计费规则功能实体 PCRF; 在通用移动通信系统 UMTS中，所述网关包括服务 GPRS支持节点 SGSN 和 GPRS网关支持节点 GGSN, 所述策略服务器为 PCRF。
所述用户设备， 还用于向通讯对端发送其当前接入的无线基站的下行 发生拥塞的信令；
所述 LDF根据内部 IP包数据载荷的信令这一拥塞指示判断出 UE当前接 入的无线基站下行拥塞， 通知所述 PCRF该用户设备当前接入的无线基站下 行拥塞。
所述发送的当前接入的无线基站的下行发生拥塞的信令为传输控制协 议 TCP、 流控制传输协议 SCTP或实时传输控制协议 RTCP的信令通知。
所述 LDF位于 PCEF中作为 PCEF的功能增强； 或者， 所述 LDF位于业务 检测功能 TDF中作为 TDF的功能增强； 或者所述 LDF为独立的功能实体。
从上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出， LDF检测用户设备的用户面 数据， 并根据检测出的拥塞指示， 向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的 网络负荷情况。 通过本发明方法， 策略服务器获知了网络负荷情况， 从而 保证了业务质量。 附图说明
图 1为现有 PCC的组成架构示意图；
图 2为现有引入 TDF的 PCC增强架构示意图；
图 3为以 EPS系统为例的 UE发送的上行数据传输的示意图； 图 4为在 EPS系统中用户发送上行 IP数据包时， eNodeB发送给 S-GW , 以及 S-GW发送给 P-GW的数据包的格式示意图；
图 5为现有下行数据的 ECN检测流程示意图；
图 6为现有上行数据的 ECN检测示意流程图；
图 7为本发明获取网络负荷的系统的第一实施例的架构示意图； 图 8为本发明获取网络负荷的系统的第二实施例的架构示意图； 图 9为本发明获取网络负荷的方法的流程图；
图 10为本发明获取网络负荷的方法的实施例的流程示意图。 具体实施方式
如果用户需要通过无线通讯系统如 EPS、 UMTS , GPRS等访问 PDN 业务， 必须首先通过无线通讯系统建立到该 PDN 的 PDN 连接（也称为 IP-CAN会话）。 当用户需要访问某种业务时， 网络将根据业务的属性等信 息为传输该业务建立具有 QoS保障的承载（即网络分配相应的资源） ， 即 用户面 User Plane , 当网络建立承载后， 用户才可以进行业务访问。
图 3 以 EPS系统为例的 UE发送的上行数据传输的示意图， 如图 3所 示， UE向 PDN网络发送上行 IP数据包时， 首先根据 UE中预先安装的上 行业务过滤器模板（UL-TFT, Uplink Traffic Filter Template )将该上行 IP 数据包过滤到网络为传输该业务而建立的承载， UE用无线侧协议将用户数 据进行封装， 并用无线 载标识（RB-ID, Radio Bearer Identifier )来标识 承载后发送给 eNodeB, eNodeB将 IP数据包解封装后，用 GTP协议进行封 装，并用与 RB-ID对应的隧道端点标识（ S 1 -TEID , Tunnel Endpoint Identifier ) 来标识该 GTP-U数据包（可表示为 SI GTP-U ) ； eNodeB再将 SI GTP-U 数据包发送给 S-GW , S-GW将 IP数据包解封装后， 用 GTP协议继续进行 封装，此时，釆用与 S1-TEID对应的 S5/S8-TEID封装该 GTP-U数据包（可 表示为 S5/S8 GTP-U )； S-GW将 S5/S8 GTP-U数据包发送给 P-GW; P-GW 将 IP数据包解封装后， 根据 IP数据包的 IP包头进行路由， 发送给相应的 PDN网络。
图 4为在 EPS系统中用户发送上行 IP数据包时， eNodeB发送给 S-GW , 以及 S-GW发送给 P-GW的数据包的格式示意图， 如图 4所示， 其中， 数据载荷， 为 UE要发送的业务数据以及 UE与通信对端交互的信令， 如传输控制协议（TCP, Transmission Control Protocol ) , 流控制传输协议 ( SCTP, Stream Control Transmission Protocol ) , 实时传输协议 /实时传输 控 1 j协议 ( RTP/RTCP , Realtime Transport Protocol/Realtime Transport Control Protocol ) , 以及会话初始协议（ SIP, Session Initial Protocol )信令等； 内部 IP包头部， 为 IP协议的头部， 其中的目的地址为 UE的数据要发 往的通讯对端的 IP地址， 源地址为 UE的 IP地址；
数据载荷和内部 IP包头部构成了 UE发送的数据 IP数据包。
用户数据包协议（UDP )为 GTP协议的传输层协议；
GPRS传输协议（GTP ) 头部： 为 GTP协议的头部， 其内容包括在该 承载建立时协商的隧道端点标识（TEID , Tunnel Endpoint Identifier ) 。 对 于 eNodeB和 S-GW之间， TEID为 S1-TEID, 是在承载建立时由 S-GW分 配的； 对于 S-GW和 P-GW之间， TEID为 S5/S8-TEID, 是在承载建立时由 P-GW分配的；
外部 IP包头部： 为 IP协议的头部， 对于 eNodeB和 S-GW之间， 目的 地址为 S-GW的用户面 IP地址， 源地址为 eNodeB的用户面 IP地址； 对于 S-GW和 P-GW之间 , 目的地址为 P-GW的用户面 IP地址，源地址为 S-GW 的用户面 IP地址。
图 5和图 6为现有技术中，釆用显示拥塞通知（ ECN, Explicit Congestion Notification )机制来实现通信双方根据网络拥塞情况来调整传输速率的方 法。首先 UE和无线基站都支持 ECN机制。 目前有多种协议支持 ECN的反 馈机制， 如 TCP、 SCTP, RTP/RTCP等。
图 5为现有下行数据的 ECN检测流程示意图， 如图 5所示， UE B向 UE A以较高速率发送数据， 该数据的 IP包头 ECN标记位设置为 ECT(O) (即不拥塞）， 当该数据包经过无线基站 A时， 若无线基站 A发生了拥塞， 则无线基站 A将数据包的 ECN标记位设置为 ECN-CE (即拥塞）； 当 UE A 检测到 ECN-CE值后， 判断它的下行路径上出现了拥塞， UE A将向 UE B 发送降低速率的速率调整请求消息； UE B收到速率调整请求消息后， 将以 较低速率发送数据。 这样， 无线基站的负荷降低， 数据包就不会因为无线 基站拥塞而出现丟包现象， 保证业务能够正常访问。
图 6为现有上行数据的 ECN检测示意流程图， 如图 6所示， UE A向 UE B以较高速率发送数据， 该数据的 IP包头 ECN标记位设置为 ECT(O) (即不拥塞）， 当该数据包经过无线基站 A时， 若无线基站 A发生了拥塞， 无线基站 A将数据包的 ECN位设置为 ECN-CE (即拥塞） ； 当 UE B检测 到 ECN-CE值后， 判断其上行路径上出现了拥塞， UE B将向 UE A发送降 低速率的速率调整请求消息； UE A收到速率调整请求消息后， 以较低速率 发送数据。
从图 5和图 6所示现有技术可见， 虽然可以对网络拥塞情况有一些緩 解， 但是， 并没有提供 PCRF如何获得网络负荷的具体实现方案， 这样， 是很难避免在网络出现拥塞时进一步加剧网络的负荷的情况的， 从而严重 影响业务质量。
本发明为了获得网络负荷， 引入负荷检测功能 （LDF, Load Detection Function ) , 用于检测无线通讯系统用户面数据中的拥塞指示位， 并通知 PCRF当前的负荷情况。
LDF可以通过多种架构实现。 图 7为本发明获取网络负荷的系统的第 一实施例的架构示意图， 如图 7所示， LDF作为 PCEF或者 TDF的一个功 能子集， 即 PCEF或 TDF进行功能增强以支持网络负荷检测和上报功能， 其中 PCEF和 TDF根据现有技术可以合设， 也可以分离。 图 8为本发明获 取网络负荷的系统的第二实施例的架构示意图如图 8所示， LDF作为一个 独立的逻辑功能实体存在， 在部署时可以与 PCEF或 TDF分离， 也可以合 设。
图 9为本发明获取网络负荷的方法的流程图， 如图 9所示， 本发明方 法主要包括以下步骤：
步骤 900: LDF检测用户设备的用户面数据。 在图 3和图 4所示的来自 UE的用户数据的传输过程中，基站可以将表 示自身发生拥塞的拥塞指示携带在用户数据中， 经网关传输至 LDF, 或者 UE把基站发生拥塞的拥塞指示作为用户数据发送给 LDF; LDF对接收到的 用户数据进行解析以获取是否携带有拥塞指示。
拥塞指示可以携带在图 4所示的数据载荷、 和 /或内部 IP包头部、 和 / 或 GTP头部， 和 /或外部 IP包头部。
步骤 901 : LDF根据检测出的拥塞指示， 向策略服务器上报用户设备当 前接入的网络负荷情况。
LDF 可以通过向策略服务器发送负荷上报消息， 并在负荷上报消息中 携带拥塞指示。 如果拥塞指示标记为上行拥塞， 则策略服务器获知用户设 备当前接入的网络负荷情况是： UE当前接入的基站上行发生了拥塞； 如果 拥塞指示标记为下行拥塞， 则策略服务器获知用户设备当前接入的网络负 荷情况是： UE当前接入的基站下行发生了拥塞； 如果拥塞指示标记为上下 行同时拥塞， 则策略服务器获知用户设备当前接入的网络负荷情况是： UE 当前接入的基站上行和下行均发生了拥塞。
本发明方法还包括步骤 902: 当拥塞指示发生变化时， LDF向策略服务 器上报用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷发生变化的情况。
当网络的负荷减轻， 如在某个方向或两个方向的拥塞解除时， 基站将 不再在用户数据中携带拥塞指示。 如果上行拥塞解除， 则不再标记上行拥 塞； 如果下行解除， 则不再标记下行拥塞； 如果上下行拥塞均解除， 则不 再标记上下行拥塞。 而 LDF通过对接收到的用户数据的解析， 获得 UE当 前接入的基站在某个方向或两个方向的拥塞解除。
此外， 当下行方向的拥塞解除， UE可以发送解除拥塞的指示作为用户 数据发送至 LDF , LDF通过对接收到的用户数据的解析， 获得 UE当前接 入的基站的下行方向的拥塞解除。
此时， LDF 可以通过向策略服务器发送负荷上报消息， 并在负荷上报 消息中携带拥塞解除指示。 如果拥塞解除指示标记为上行拥塞解除， 则策 略服务器获知用户设备当前接入的网络负荷情况是： UE当前接入的基站上 行拥塞解除； 如果拥塞解除指示标记为下行拥塞解除， 则策略服务器获知 用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷情况是： UE当前接入的基站下行拥塞解 除； 如果拥塞解除指示标记为上下行拥塞同时解除， 则策略服务器获知用 户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷情况是： UE当前接入的基站上行和下行拥 塞均解除。 同样地， 拥塞解除指示可以携带在图 4所示的数据载荷和 /或内 部 IP包头部、 和 /或 GTP头部， 和 /或外部 IP包头部， 具体实现可参见下文 对拥塞指示的详细描述。
进一步地， 策略服务器获知用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷情况后， 向 LDF返回确认消息。
根据现有技术， 位于 P-GW或 GGSN的 PCEF可以获取当前 UE接入的无 线基站 （ eNodeB或 NodeB ) 的基站标识信息。 因此， 本发明方法还包括： 当 PCEF检测出某个 UE发送的用户面数据中携带有拥塞指示时，在 LDF位于 PCEF中或 LDF与 PCEF合设时， LDF在向 PCRF上报拥塞指示时， PCEF同时 携带当前 UE接入的无线基站的基站标识信息。 这样， 对于其他接入同一无 线基站的 UE, 在该无线基站的拥塞情况未发生变化时， LDF就不需要再向 PCRF上报该基站拥塞的情况了。 相应的， 当 LDF检测出接入该无线基站的 某个 UE的用户面数据的拥塞指示解除时， LDF向 PCRF上报拥塞解除时携带 该无线基站的标识信息， PCRF也能获知该无线基站拥塞解除。
针对本发明方法还提供一种获取网络负荷的系统， 主要包括用户设备、 LDF及策略服务器， 其中，
LDF, 用于检测用户设备的用户面数据，根据检测出的拥塞指示， 向策 略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷情况； 进一步用于向策略 服务器上报用户设备当前接入的网络负荷发生变化的情况；
策略服务器， 用于接收来自 LDF上报的信息， 获知用户设备当前接入 的无线基站负荷情况。
策略服务器， 进一步用于获知用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷情况 后， 向 LDF返回确认消息。
本发明系统还包括基站和网关， 其中，
用户设备， 用于向通讯对端发送其当前接入的无线基站的下行发生拥 塞的信令；
基站， 用于在来自用户的业务数据的传输过程中， 将表示自身发生拥 塞的拥塞指示携带在用户数据中， 经网关传输至 LDF;
网关， 用于在基站与 LDF间转送并处理用户数据。 在 EPS中， 网关包括 S-GW和 P-GW, 所述策略服务器为 PCRF; 在 UMTS中， 网关包括服务 GPRS 支持节点 （SGSN )和 GGSN, 所述策略服务器为 PCRF。
所述 LDF位于 PCEF中作为 PCEF的功能增强； 或者， 所述 LDF位于业务 检测功能 TDF中作为 TDF的功能增强； 或者所述 LDF为独立的功能实体。 图 10为本发明获取网络负荷的方法的实施例的流程示意图， 本实施例 以 EPS系统为例， UE通过附着流程或 PDN连接请求流程 (即 UE在附着 以后， 还建另外一个 PDN连接 )建立 IP-CAN后， 通过该 IP-CAN会话进 行业务访问。 在本实施例中， LDF位于 PCEF中， 或者 LDF与 PCEF合设。 如图 10所示， 包括以下步骤：
步骤 1000: UE发送上行 IP数据包给 eNodeB, eNodeB将该 IP数据包 封装在 eNodeB与 S-GW为传输该 IP数据包而建立的 SI GTP-U中发送给 S-GW。 S-GW将 IP数据包从 SI GTP-U中解封装， 再将它封装在 S-GW与 P-GW之间为传输该 IP数据包而建立的 S5/S8 GTP-U中发送给 P-GW , P-GW 将 IP数据包从 S5/S8 GTP-U中解封装， 并根据 IP数据包的 IP包头目的地 址进行路由。
步骤 1001： UE继续发送上行 IP数据包给 eNodeB。 步骤 1002: 此时， 假设 eNodeB出现拥塞。 eNodeB将在 IP数据包的 包头标记拥塞指示后 （即在图 3的内部 IP包头部标记拥塞指示 ) , 再将标 记有拥塞指示的 IP数据封装在 eNodeB与 S-GW的 SI GTP-U中发送给 S-GW。
本步骤中， 如果 eNodeB上行拥塞， 则拥塞指示标记为上行拥塞； 如果 eNodeB下行拥塞， 则拥塞指示标记为下行拥塞； 如果 eNodeB上下行同时 拥塞， 则拥塞指示标记为上下行拥塞。
步骤 1003: S-GW将标记有拥塞指示的 IP数据包从 SI GTP-U中解封 装， 再将它封装在 S-GW与 P-GW之间的 S5/S8 GTP-U中发送给 P-GW。
步骤 1004: P-GW将标记有拥塞指示的 IP数据包从 S5/S8 GTP-U中解 封装。 。
步骤 1005: 若 LDF位于 P-GW中的 PCEF或与 PCEF合设， 那么 LDF 才艮据 IP数据包中携带的拥塞指示（即图 3中内部 IP包头部的拥塞指示位）， 获知 UE当前接入的 eNodeB发生了拥塞。 PCEF向 PCRF发送 IP-CAN会 话修改指示消息，消息中携带拥塞指示或 LDF向 PCRF发送负荷上报消息， 携带拥塞指示。如果拥塞指示标记为上行拥塞， 那么 PCRF获知 UE当前接 入的 eNodeB上行发生了拥塞； 如果拥塞指示标记为下行拥塞， 那么 PCRF 获知 UE当前接入的 eNodeB下行发生了拥塞； 如果拥塞指示标记为上下行 同时拥塞， 那么 PCRF获知 UE当前接入的 eNodeB上行和下行均发生了拥 塞。
步骤 1006: PCRF获知拥塞情况后 , 向 PCEF或 LDF返回确认消息。 步骤 1007: —段时间后， 假设 eNodeB的负荷减轻， 在某个方向或两 个方向的拥塞解除。 eNodeB不再在 IP数据包头 （即图 3中的内部 IP包头 部）标记拥塞指示。 如果上行拥塞解除， 则不再标记上行拥塞； 如果下行 解除， 则不再标记下行拥塞； 如果上下行拥塞均解除， 则不再标记上下行 拥塞。 步骤 1008: LDF根据 IP数据包中拥塞指示变化， 获知 UE当前接入的 eNodeB某个方向或两个方向的拥塞解除。 位于 P-GW的 PCEF向 PCRF发 送 IP-CAN会话修改指示，携带拥塞解除指示，通知 UE当前接入的 eNodeB 的某个方向或两个方向的拥塞解除； 或者， LDF向 PCRF发送负荷上报消 息， 携带拥塞解除指示， 通知 UE当前接入的 eNodeB的某个方向或两个方 向的拥塞解除。
步骤 1009: PCRF获取 eNodeB解除拥塞后， 向 PCEF或 LDF返回确 认消息。
若 LDF位于 TDF中，或者 LDF与 PCEF分设，那么，在步骤 1004中， P-GW将 IP数据包解封装后， 将 IP数据包转发给 TDF或 LDF , LDF根据 IP数据包中携带的拥塞指示（即图 3中内部 IP包头部的拥塞指示位） ， 获 知 UE当前接入的 eNodeB发生了拥塞。 TDF或 LDF向 PCRF发送携带拥 塞指示的负荷上报消息通知 PCRF的负荷情况。 解除拥塞的过程也是如此。
图 10是以 EPS系统为例进行描述的， 对于 UMTS系统， 具体实现流 程与图 10完全一致， 只是对应的一些实体有所变化： eNodeB应为 NodeB, S-GW应为 SGSN , P-GW应为 GGSN , PCEF位于 GGSN , LDF可以位于 GGSN的 PCEF中， 也可以与 PCEF合设或分设。 另外在 NodeB与 SGSN 之间， 通过无线网络控制器（RNC, Radio Network Controler转发信息。
图 10所示的实施例中，拥塞指示是携带在内部 IP包头部的， 另外， 拥 塞指示也可以携带在 SI GTP-U的头部。 仍以 EPS为例， 此时， 图 10中的 某些步骤会发生变化， 具体变化如下：
步骤 1002应为步骤 1002' ： 此时， 假设 eNodeB 出现拥塞。 eNodeB 将 IP数据包封装在 eNodeB与 S-GW的 SI GTP-U中发送给 S-GW, 并在 SI GTP-U的头部标记拥塞指示。 本步骤中， 如果 eNodeB上行拥塞， 则拥 塞指示标记为上行拥塞； 如果 eNodeB下行拥塞， 则拥塞指示标记为下行拥 塞； 如果 eNodeB上下行同时拥塞， 则拥塞指示标记为上下行拥塞。 步骤 1003应为步骤 1003' ： S-GW将 IP数据包从 SI GTP-U中解封装， 再将它封装在 S-GW与 P-GW之间的 S5/S8 GTP-U中发送给 P-GW。 由于 eNodeB与 S-GW之间的 GTP-U的头部标记有拥塞指示，所以， S-GW在它 与 P-GW之间的 GTP-U的头部标记相同的拥塞指示。
步骤 1004应为步骤 1004' ： P-GW将 IP数据包从 S5/S8 GTP-U中解 封装。位于 PCEF中的 LDF或与 PCEF合设的 LDF根据 S5/S8 GTP-U头部 的拥塞指示获知 UE当前接入的 eNodeB发生了拥塞。
步骤 1007应为步骤 1007' ： 一段时间后， 假设 eNodeB的负荷减轻， 在某个方向或两个方向的拥塞解除。 eNodeB不再在 SI GTP-U的头部标记 拥塞， S-GW也不再在它与 P-GW之间的 GTP-U的头部标记相同的拥塞指 示。
此外， 拥塞指示也可以携带在外部 IP包头部。 仍以 EPS为例， 实现大 致包括： eNodeB在 eNodeB与 S-GW的外部 IP包头部（见图 3 )标记拥塞 指示， 同样， 如果 eNodeB 上行拥塞， 则拥塞指示标记为上行拥塞； 如果 eNodeB下行拥塞， 则拥塞指示标记为下行拥塞； 如果 eNodeB上下行同时 拥塞，则拥塞指示标记为上下行拥塞； S-GW根据该拥塞指示，在它与 P-GW 的外部 IP包头同样标记相应的拥塞指示。位于 P-GW的 PCEF中的 LDF或 与 PCEF合设的 LDF根据该拥塞指示向 PCRF上报 UE当前接入的无线基 站拥塞的情况。具体实现流程与将拥塞指示也可以携带在 SI GTP-U的头部 相似， 本领域技术人员是容易获得的， 这里不再详述。
以上本发明内容中， 是将拥塞指示携带在用户数据的同一个部位， 如 内部 IP包头部、 或 GTP头部， 或外部 IP包头部； 同样， 也可以才艮据拥塞 指示的情况即上行拥塞和下行拥塞， 在用户数据的不同部位分别进行标识。 比如： 在内部 IP包头部携带拥塞指示， 用于标识上行拥塞； 在 SI GTP-U 包头部或外部 IP包头部携带拥塞指示用于标识下行拥塞；如果在内部 IP包 头部， 以及 SI GTP-U包头部或外部 IP包头部都携带有拥塞指示， 则表示 上下行同时拥塞。 实现大致包括：
eNodeB在向 S-GW发送数据时， 在内部 IP包头部设置拥塞指示， 用 于标识上行拥塞， 在 SI GTP-U包头部或外部 IP包头部设置拥塞指示用于 标识下行拥塞。 当在内部 IP包头部， 以及 SI GTP-U包头部或外部 IP包头 部都设置拥塞指示表示上下行同时拥塞； S-GW将 IP数据包从 SI GTP-U 包中解封装后， 再将封装到它与 P-GW之间的 S5/S8 GTP-U中， 此时， 如 果 eNodeB发送的 SI GTP-U包头部或外部 IP包头部中携带有拥塞指示， 那么， S-GW也在它发送给 P-GW的 S5/S8 GTP-U包头部或外部 IP包头部 设置同样的拥塞指示； P-GW检测 S-GW发送的数据包， 如果仅在 S5/S8 GTP-U包头部或外部 IP包头携带有拥塞指示，位于 P-GW的 PCEF中的 LDF 或与 PCEF合设的 LDF向 PCRF指示 UE当前接入的无线基站下行拥塞； 如果仅在内部 IP包头部携带有拥塞指示， 则位于 P-GW的 PCEF中的 LDF 或与 PCEF合设的 LDF或与 PCEF分设的 LDF或位于 TDF中的 LDF向 PCRF指示 UE当前接入的无线基站上行拥塞。 如果在内部 IP包头部， 以 及 SI GTP-U包头部或外部 IP包头部都携带有拥塞指示，则 LDF(此时 LDF 可能会位于不同的位置）向 PCRF指示 UE当前接入的无线基站上下行均拥 塞。
此外， 利用现有技术中， TCP、 SCTP、 RTCP等协议支持 ECN机制的 特点， 当 UE收到下行数据的内部 IP包头设置的拥塞指示， UE会发送特定 TCP, SCTP或 RTCP的信令通知通信对端， 其当前接入的无线基站下行发 生了拥塞， 该信令也就是图 4 中的数据载荷。 因此， 在其他实施例中， 仍 以 EPS为例， 还可以如下实现：
eNodeB在向 S-GW发送数据时， 当 eNodeB发生上行拥塞时， 在内部 IP包头部设置拥塞指示，用于标识上行拥塞。位于 P-GW的 PCEF中的 LDF, 或与 PCEF合设的 LDF, 或与 PCEF分设的 LDF, 或位于 TDF中的 LDF, 根据内部 IP包头部设置拥塞指示判断出 UE当前接入的无线基站上行拥塞， 通知 PCRF该 UE当前接入的无线基站上行拥塞。
当 UE收到下行数据的内部 IP包头设置的拥塞指示，UE发送特定 TCP、 SCTP或 RTCP的信令通知通信对端， 其当前接入的无线基站下行发生了拥 塞， 该信令也就是图 4中的数据载荷。 位于 P-GW的 PCEF中的 LDF, 或 与 PCEF合设的 LDF, 或与 PCEF分设的 LDF, 或位于 TDF中的 LDF。 根 据内部 IP包数据载荷的信令这一拥塞指示判断出 UE当前接入的无线基站 下行拥塞， 通知 PCRF该 UE当前接入的无线基站下行拥塞。
根据现有技术， 位于 P-GW或 GGSN的 PCEF可以获取当前 UE接入 的无线基站（ eNodeB或 NodeB )的基站标识信息。 因此， 本发明方法还包 括：当 LDF检测出某个 UE发送的用户面数据中携带有拥塞指示时，在 LDF 位于 PCEF中或 LDF与 PCEF合设时， LDF在向 PCRF上报拥塞指示时， PCEF同时携带当前 UE接入的无线基站的基站标识信息。 这样， 对于其他 接入同一无线基站的 UE, 在该无线基站的拥塞情况未发生变化时， LDF就 不需要再向 PCRF上报该基站拥塞的情况了。 相应的， 当 LDF检测出接入 该无线基站的某个 UE的用户面数据的拥塞指示解除时， LDF向 PCRF上 报拥塞解除时携带该无线基站的标识信息， PCRF也能获知该无线基站拥塞 解除。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围， 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进 等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种获取网络负荷的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包括：
负荷检测功能 LDF检测用户设备的用户面数据；
LDF根据检测出的拥塞指示， 向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的 无线基站的负荷情况。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法之前还包括： 基站将表示自身发生拥塞的拥塞指示携带在用户数据中， 经网关传输 至所述 LDF, 或者用户设备将基站发生拥塞的拥塞指示作为用户数据发送 至所述 LDF;
所述 LDF检测用户设备的用户面数据为：所述 LDF对接收到的用户数 据进行解析以获取是否携带有拥塞指示。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 LDF向策略服务器 上报用户设备当前接入的网络负荷情况包括：
所述 LDF向策略服务器发送负荷上报消息， 并在负荷上报消息中携带 拥塞指示；
如果拥塞指示标记为上行拥塞， 所述策略服务器获知用户设备当前接 入的网络负荷情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站上行发生拥塞； 如果拥塞 指示标记为下行拥塞， 所述策略服务器获知用户设备当前接入的网络负荷 情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站下行发生拥塞； 如果拥塞指示标记为上 下行同时拥塞， 所述策略服务器获知用户设备当前接入的网络负荷情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站上行和下行均发生拥塞。
4、 根据权利要求要求 1~3任一项所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述拥塞 指示携带在所述用户数据的数据载荷、 和 /或内部 IP包头部、 和 /或 GTP头 部， 和 /或外部 IP包头部。
5、 根据权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法还包括： 当所述 拥塞指示发生变化时， 所述 LDF向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的无 线基站负荷发生变化的情况。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 LDF向策略服务器 上报用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷发生变化的情况包括：
所述 LDF向策略服务器发送负荷上报消息， 并在负荷上报消息中携带 拥塞解除指示；
如果拥塞解除指示标记为上行拥塞解除， 所述策略服务器获知用户设 备当前接入的网络负荷情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站上行拥塞解除； 如果拥塞解除指示标记为下行拥塞解除， 所述策略服务器获知用户设备当 前接入的网络负荷情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站下行拥塞解除； 如果 拥塞解除指示标记为上下行拥塞同时解除， 所述策略服务器获知用户设备 当前接入的网络负荷情况是： 用户设备当前接入的基站上行和下行拥塞均 解除。
7、 根据权利要求 3或 6所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法还包括： 所 述策略服务器获知用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷情况后， 向 LDF返回 确认消息。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法还包括： 所述用 户设备向通讯对端发送其当前接入的无线基站的下行发生拥塞的信令； 所述 LDF根据内部 IP包数据载荷的信令这一拥塞指示判断出 UE当前接 入的无线基站下行拥塞， 通知所述 PCRF该用户设备当前接入的无线基站下 行拥塞。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述发送的当前接入的 无线基站的下行发生拥塞的信令为传输控制协议 TCP、 或流控制传输协议 SCTP或实时传输控制协议 RTCP的信令通知。
10、 根据权利要求 3、 6或 8所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 LDF在向 策略服务器上报拥塞指示或拥塞解除指示时， 在所述 LDF位于 PCEF中， 或所述 LDF与 PCEF合设时， 所述 LDF 在向 PCRF上报拥塞指示时， PCEF同时携带当前用户设备接入的无线基站 的基站标识信息；
所述 LDF向 PCRF上报拥塞解除时同时携带当前用户设备接入的无线 基站的标识信息。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 LDF位于 PCEF 中作为 PCEF的功能增强； 或者， 所述 LDF位于业务检测功能 TDF中作为 TDF的功能增强； 或者， 所述 LDF为独立的功能实体。
12、 一种获取网络负荷的系统， 其特征在于， 主要包括用户设备、 负 荷检测功能 LDF及策略服务器， 其中，
LDF, 用于检测用户设备的用户面数据，根据检测出的拥塞指示， 向策 略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷情况；
策略服务器， 用于接收来自 LDF上报的信息， 获知用户设备当前接入 的无线基站负荷情况。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述 LDF, 进一步用 于向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷发生变化的情况。
14、 根据权利要求 12或 13所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述策略服务 器， 进一步用于获知用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷情况后， 向 LDF返 回确认消息。
15、 根据权利要求 12或 13所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述 LDF, 还用于 在向策略服务器上报用户设备当前接入的无线基站负荷情况或无线基站负 荷发生变化的情况时， 同时上报当前用户设备接入的无线基站的基站标识 信息。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的系统， 其特征在于， 该系统还包括基站和 网关， 其中，
基站， 用于在来自用户的业务数据的传输过程中， 将表示自身发生拥 塞的拥塞指示携带在用户数据中， 经网关传输至所述 LDF;
网关， 用于在基站与 LDF间转送并处理用户数据。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的系统， 其特征在于， 在演进的分组系统 EPS 中， 所述网关包括服务网关 S-GW和分组数据网关 P-GW, 所述策略服务器 为策略控制与计费规则功能实体 PCRF;
在通用移动通信系统 UMTS中，所述网关包括服务 GPRS支持节点 SGSN 和 GPRS网关支持节点 GGSN, 所述策略服务器为 PCRF。
18、 根据权利要求 16所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述用户设备， 还用 于向通讯对端发送其当前接入的无线基站的下行发生拥塞的信令；
所述 LDF根据内部 IP包数据载荷的信令这一拥塞指示判断出 UE当前接 入的无线基站下行拥塞， 通知所述 PCRF该用户设备当前接入的无线基站下 行拥塞。
19、 根据权利要求 18所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述发送的当前接入 的无线基站的下行发生拥塞的信令为传输控制协议 TCP、 流控制传输协议 SCTP或实时传输控制协议 RTCP的信令通知。
20、根据权利要求 12或 18所述的系统，其特征在于，所述 LDF位于 PCEF 中作为 PCEF的功能增强；或者，所述 LDF位于业务检测功能 TDF中作为 TDF 的功能增强； 或者所述 LDF为独立的功能实体。
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