WO2011160551A1 - 冶金熔渣干式处理装置及其处理方法 - Google Patents

冶金熔渣干式处理装置及其处理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011160551A1
WO2011160551A1 PCT/CN2011/075657 CN2011075657W WO2011160551A1 WO 2011160551 A1 WO2011160551 A1 WO 2011160551A1 CN 2011075657 W CN2011075657 W CN 2011075657W WO 2011160551 A1 WO2011160551 A1 WO 2011160551A1
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Prior art keywords
slag
cooling
furnace
hot
metallurgical
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2011/075657
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林佐华
魏恩发
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BEIJING INNOBLAST THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
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BEIJING INNOBLAST THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from CN2010102147036A external-priority patent/CN101871025B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201120140933U external-priority patent/CN202131318U/zh
Application filed by BEIJING INNOBLAST THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd filed Critical BEIJING INNOBLAST THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
Publication of WO2011160551A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011160551A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C21B3/08—Cooling slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B5/00—Treatment of  metallurgical  slag ; Artificial stone from molten  metallurgical  slag 
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
    • C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
    • C21B2400/026—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag using air, inert gases or removable conductive bodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
    • C21B2400/062—Jet nozzles or pressurised fluids for cooling, fragmenting or atomising slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
    • C21B2400/066—Receptacle features where the slag is treated
    • C21B2400/076—Fluidised bed for cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/08—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes with energy recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a metallurgical slag dry quenching treatment device for granulating and cooling a metallurgical slag to achieve the purpose of recycling sensible heat in the slag.
  • the present invention also relates to a metallurgical slag quenching treatment method. Background technique
  • the large amount of blast furnace slag produced in the existing blast furnace ironmaking process is usually treated by water quenching process.
  • Each ton of blast furnace slag needs to consume 1 - 1.2 tons of new water, and the sensible heat in the slag (1500 ° C blast furnace slag per ton)
  • the sensible heat content in the equivalent of 61 kg of standard coal) is basically not recovered as the water evaporates.
  • the output of blast furnace slag is about 181 million tons, of which the sensible heat that is not recovered and wasted is equivalent to 11 million tons of standard coal, because the new water consumed by the slag treatment is about 200 million per year.
  • the existing water quenching process also produces a large amount of H 2 S acid mist, which causes serious pollution to the environment.
  • the thermal conductivity of metallurgical slag is very low ( ⁇ lW/mk)
  • the slag in order to improve the sensible heat recovery efficiency and ensure that the vitrification rate of the slag after treatment meets the requirements as a cement raw material, the slag must first be broken into tiny droplets to increase The heat transfer surface area achieves rapid condensation, and the residual heat of the slag droplets or solid particles is recycled by heat radiation or heat conduction.
  • the thousand extinction process can be divided into wind quenching granulation method, drum granulation method and centrifugal granulation method.
  • Japan In the 1980s, Japan’s six major steel companies (Nippon Steel, NKK, Kawasaki Steel, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Kobe Steel Works, Nisshin Steel) jointly studied the sensible heat recovery technology of blast furnace blast furnace slag. Basic experiments and experiments in large-scale experimental plants have been carried out.
  • the process flow is: introducing blast furnace slag of 1400 ⁇ 1600 °C into the granulation area of a horizontal wind tunnel through the slag ditch, and when the slag flows out from the end of the slag ditch, the high-speed air stream blown from the lower blower is blown.
  • Dispersion, granulation, and most of the slag particles fall into the lower part of the wind tunnel at a temperature of about 1050 Torr after colliding with the inner wall of the wind tunnel or the water-cooled dispersion plate provided in the wind tunnel.
  • the slag is further cooled by the air blown from the lower part of the wind tunnel, and then discharged outside the wind tunnel at a temperature of about 800 Torr, and the large-size particles in the slag particles are separated and removed by a hot sieving machine, and the sieve is removed.
  • the slag particles are sent to a hot silo for collection, and then the slag particles are cooled to about 150 ° C in a multi-stage fluidized bed of a secondary heat exchanger, in a wind tunnel and a secondary heat exchanger, cooling air and furnace
  • the sensible heat obtained by slag heat exchange can be used to generate steam or generate electricity. The above process was ultimately not industrialized, because the total heat recovery efficiency was only about 62%.
  • the drum granulation method was also proposed by the Japanese in the 1970s and 1980s, and is divided into two types: single drum and double drum.
  • the process of single drum granulation or single granulation is: the slag falls to the surface of the rotating roller and is taken out and granulated, and sent to the solid medium fluidized bed to fully exchange heat with the air and medium and cool, the air after heat exchange It is sent to the waste heat boiler to recover heat.
  • the process of double drum or drum granulation method is as follows: The liquid slag is cooled to the slag film through the surface of the drum, and the medium in the drum absorbs heat to become steam, which is circulated after being cooled by the heat exchanger, and the heat is recovered for steam turbine power generation. .
  • the above process is also not industrialized.
  • single drum granulation first, because the cooling rate after granulation of single drum slag is too slow, the glass transition rate does not meet the requirements for cement admixture (>95%).
  • the finished slag can only be used as a concrete aggregate with very low added value.
  • the double drum granulation solves the problem of vitrification rate, the total recovery rate of sensible heat of the slag is less than 40% because the residual heat of the hot slag is not fully recovered.
  • the runner used in the process is for a long time. Working in high temperature and harsh environments, even with media cooling protection, maintenance and operating costs are high.
  • the Japanese and the British proposed the concept of centrifugation and centrifugal cup granulation, respectively.
  • the process is to pass the slag into the turntable or the rotor through the slag tank to granulate to form flying droplets. Rapidly cooled and solidified, the collected hot slag is further cooled while passing through the two-stage fluidized bed, and the boiler tubes installed on the fluidized bed are subjected to heat exchange to collect waste heat from the slag to generate hot air or steam.
  • CISRO Australian Federal Institute of Science and Technology
  • the process is to slag.
  • the granules flowing into a centrifugal disk are granulated to form fine droplets, and the hot slag obtained by rapid cooling to 900 Torr is collected in a heat exchanger for further cooling to recover the corresponding residual heat, and the final slag temperature is 25 ⁇ At 50 ° C, the hot air temperature at the outlet is said to reach 600 ° C.
  • the reason why the centrifugal granulation method has not been industrialized so far is that the centrifugal disk or the centrifugal cup used is a mechanical moving part that is fragile and consumable, and works for a long time in a high temperature and harsh environment, and even if water cooling is used, the reliability is difficult to achieve.
  • the requirements for simultaneous maintenance with the main smelting equipment, and the maintenance and operation costs are high. Due to the continuity of the production of the main smelting equipment in the metallurgical plant, and the slag discharge has the characteristics of large amount and short gap, the thousand-extinguishing device must have at least the same reliability as the main smelting equipment to have the basis of industrial application.
  • one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a more reasonable dry quenching treatment device and a treatment method for the disadvantages of low heat recovery efficiency and large equipment footprint of the air quenching granulation treatment equipment which has been studied. , improve the recovery efficiency of slag sensible heat and reduce the footprint of equipment.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus having a slag introducing apparatus capable of continuously and stably introducing metallurgical slag into a metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a metallurgical slag quenching treatment apparatus having a dust removing device capable of improving a dust removing effect.
  • One aspect of the invention provides a metallurgical slag dry quenching treatment apparatus, comprising: a treatment furnace for granulating, cooling and obtaining high temperature air for high temperature slag; and for introducing high temperature slag into the treatment furnace a slag introduction unit; wherein the treatment furnace comprises: a furnace body, comprising: a furnace body adopting a vertical structure; and a slag for introducing high-temperature slag from the slag introduction unit into a middle portion of the furnace body of the treatment furnace
  • the inlet, the furnace body above the slag inlet of the treatment furnace is bulged; the granulation and cooling nozzle is located below the slag inlet and surrounds the slag inlet, and the high velocity air blown from the granulation and cooling nozzle
  • the flow blows the slag entering the treatment furnace in the form of a slag curtain to the upper portion of the treatment furnace and forms a hot slag fountain, the slag is rapidly granulated into hot
  • the metallurgical slag dry-out treatment apparatus further includes a first blower for supplying compressed air to the granulation and cooling nozzles to rapidly granulate and cool the slag.
  • the metallurgical slag dry-out treatment apparatus further includes a second blower for lowering the multi-stage fluidized bed The part provides compressed air for secondary cooling of hot slag.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching treatment device further comprises a slag discharge pipe for accidental maintenance near the top fluidization plate, and two water-cooled sluice gate valves are arranged in a vertical section of the slag discharge pipe.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus further comprises a rotary sealing valve located at a cooling slag outlet position below the multi-stage fluidized bed for discharging the cooled slag particles.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching treatment device further comprises a high temperature gas flue, located at the top of the processing furnace, and the high temperature gas obtained by granulating and cooling the slag and the high temperature gas obtained by the secondary cooling of the hot slag particles are mixed in the upper part of the processing furnace. Exhausted through the high temperature gas flue.
  • the slag introduction unit comprises: a slag pot for accommodating high temperature slag; and a slag tank covered with a heat insulating cover plate, located at a lower portion of the slag pot, and guiding the high temperature slag flowing in the form of a slag curtain Entering the slag inlet in the middle of the furnace shaft.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides a metallurgical slag quenching treatment method comprising: (a): directing high temperature slag into a processing furnace; (b): a high velocity air stream blown by the granulated cooling nozzle will enter The high temperature slag of the treatment furnace is blown to the upper furnace body of the treatment furnace to form a hot slag fountain, the slag is rapidly granulated into hot slag particles and the hot slag particles are cooled to a temperature at which the surface does not stick; (c): Step (b) The generated hot slag is subjected to countercurrent heat exchange with the ascending gas stream from the lower multi-stage fluidized bed during the falling process, and multi-stage heat exchange is completed in the multi-stage fluidized bed to complete the secondary cooling of the hot slag particles. .
  • the rapid granulation and cooling step (b) of the slag and the secondary cooling step (c) of the hot slag are continuously performed in the same treatment furnace.
  • the method further comprises the step (d): the high temperature gas respectively generated by the above steps (b) and (c) is mixed in the upper portion of the treatment furnace and discharged from the top flue.
  • the gas discharged from the high-temperature gas flue is subjected to a dust removing operation by at least one stage dust removing device, and the dust-removed gas is introduced into the hot air oven as high-temperature combustion air after being pressurized by the high-temperature booster fan.
  • the apparatus proposed by the present invention has the following remarkable advantages and effects.
  • the slag entering the granulation zone in the form of a slag curtain facilitates sufficient granulation and rapid cooling of the high-speed air stream blown by the granulated cooling nozzle, and the air flow blasts the slag to the body of the furnace, thereby prolonging the generated hot slag and
  • the heat exchange time of the gas stream is to ensure that the hot slag particles are sufficiently cooled to a temperature at which the surface is not bonded, and the dropped hot slag particles may be secondarily cooled in the form of a multi-stage fluidized bed by using a space below the granulation zone, thereby being the same Rapid granulation cooling of the slag and secondary cooling of the hot slag are realized in the furnace, which avoids the need for a separate secondary heat exchange device and a corresponding hot slag conveying system after the rapid granulation and cooling, maximizing Reduces the heat loss of the system, the expected heat back
  • the harvesting efficiency can reach 80%, which is equivalent to the current mature 1000 quenching device
  • the invention proposes a method for spraying slag with high-speed air to the upper part of the furnace, which not only effectively processes the rapid granulation and cooling of the slag and the secondary cooling process in different regions in the same furnace, specifically,
  • the rapid granulation rapid cooling of the slag occurs in the upper middle part of the treatment furnace, and the secondary cooling process takes place in the lower part of the quenching furnace, and overcomes the limitation of the actual slag point in the industry from the ground height, by using the slag point or more
  • the space makes the design of the dry-out treatment device more reasonable, reduces the requirement of the equipment for the floor space, and improves the feasibility of the installation of the entire device on the industrial site.
  • the metallurgical slag introduction device includes: a buffer slag tank for accommodating high temperature slag; a slag tank for guiding slag flow to slag curtain Forming into a slag inlet of a treatment furnace for granulating and cooling the slag; a tundish disposed between the slag slag tank and the slag tank and connecting the buffer slag tank and the slag tank, which accommodates the The slag is controlled and the flow of slag entering the slag bath is controlled.
  • the slag introduction device further comprises: a slag tank for introducing the slag from the buffer slag tank into the tundish.
  • a plug control system is disposed in the buffer slag tank to control the slag flow rate flowing into the tundish; and a liquid level control system is disposed in the tundish and cooperates with the stopper control system to control Level of slag in the tundish
  • a sliding nozzle is arranged at the outlet of the lower portion of the tundish for adjusting the flow rate of the slag.
  • the slag tank is covered with a heat insulating cover.
  • a metallurgical slag quenching treatment apparatus comprising: a treatment furnace for granulating, cooling, and obtaining high-temperature air for high-temperature slag; and a slag introduction device according to the foregoing,
  • the slag introduced through the slag introduction device enters the slag inlet of the treatment furnace in the form of a slag curtain to granulate and cool the slag.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus further includes: a first blower for supplying compressed air to the granulation and cooling nozzles to rapidly granulate and cool the slag; and a second blower for the plurality of sections The lower portion of the fluidized bed provides compressed air for secondary cooling of the hot slag.
  • the metallurgical slag quenching treatment apparatus further comprises a slag discharge pipe for sampling and repairing near the top fluidization plate, and two water-cooled sluice gate valves are arranged in a vertical section of the slag discharge pipe.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus further includes a rotary sealing valve located at a cooling slag outlet position below the multi-stage fluidized bed for discharging the cooled slag particles.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching equipment further includes a high temperature gas flue, located at the top of the processing furnace.
  • the high-temperature gas obtained by granulating and cooling the slag and the high-temperature gas obtained by secondary cooling of the hot slag are mixed in the upper portion of the treatment furnace and then discharged through the high-temperature gas flue.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus further includes a primary dust removing device connected to the high temperature gas flue, and the high temperature gas from the high temperature gas flue is processed by the primary dust removing device, wherein the coarser particles are processed It is separated and discharged to the outside of the equipment via a primary dust ash discharge valve.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching processing apparatus further comprises: a secondary dust removing device, wherein the gas treated by the primary dust removing device is further introduced into the secondary dust removing device for dust removal treatment, wherein the finer particles are separated, And discharged to the outside of the device through a secondary dust removal ash discharge valve; and a pulse backflush system disposed on the secondary dust removal device.
  • the present invention further provides a multi-stage dust removing device for performing multiple filtering operations on the high temperature gas from the processing furnace, thereby improving and improving the dust removing effect of the dust removing device, thereby meeting the specific application, for example, as a combustion air for the hot blast stove. , the requirements for the cleanliness of the gas used.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a specific embodiment of the structure and operation method of the metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the composition and structure of a metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus in accordance with an improved embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a flow chart showing a specific embodiment of the metallurgical slag dry quenching treatment method of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the composition and structure of a metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching treatment apparatus includes: a treatment furnace 1 for granulating, cooling and obtaining high-temperature air for high-temperature slag; and slag for introducing high-temperature slag into the treatment furnace 1.
  • the processing furnace 1 includes: a furnace body 9, which comprises: a furnace body having a vertical structure and a slag inlet for introducing high-temperature slag from the slag introduction unit into a middle portion of the furnace body of the treatment furnace, and melting of the treatment furnace
  • the furnace body above the slag inlet is bulging; the granulation and cooling nozzle 4 is located below the slag inlet and around the slag inlet, and the high-speed air stream blown from the granulation and cooling nozzles enters the treatment furnace as a slag curtain
  • the slag is blown to the upper furnace body of the treatment furnace and forms a hot slag fountain, the slag is rapidly granulated into hot slag particles and the hot slag particles are cooled to a temperature at which the surface does not stick, so that the furnace is in the upper portion of the treatment furnace 1
  • the rapid granulation and cooling process of the slag is completed in the body; the multi-stage fluidized bed device 6 is located
  • the slag introduction unit includes: a slag tank 2 for accommodating high-temperature slag; and a slag tank 3 located at a lower portion of the slag pot, and guiding the high-temperature slag flowing into the processing furnace in the form of a slag curtain In the slag inlet.
  • the apparatus employs a slag pot, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a slag pot in order to ensure continuous and stable supply of slag to the processing furnace 1, two slag tanks may be used.
  • the slag tank 3 is covered with a thermal insulation cover.
  • the metallurgical slag quenching treatment apparatus of the present invention further includes a first blower 5 for supplying compressed air to the granulation and cooling nozzles for rapidly granulating and cooling the slag, and a second A blower 7 is provided for supplying compressed air for secondary cooling of the hot slag to the lower portion of the multi-stage fluidized bed.
  • the apparatus further comprises a slag discharge pipe 8 for accidental maintenance near the top fluidization plate, and two water-cooled sluice gate valves are disposed in the vertical section of the slag discharge pipe.
  • the apparatus further includes a rotary sealing valve 11 located at a cooling slag outlet position below the multi-stage fluidized bed for discharging the cooled slag particles.
  • the apparatus further includes a high temperature gas flue 1 1 located at the top of the treatment furnace, and the high temperature gas obtained by granulating and cooling the slag and the high temperature gas obtained by secondary cooling of the hot slag particles are mixed in the upper part of the treatment furnace and passed through the high temperature gas.
  • the flue 1 1 is discharged.
  • the gas discharged from the high temperature gas flue 11 is sent to a subsequent dedusting system 12 to be processed into a high quality heat source.
  • the dust removal system can be correspondingly designed according to the use of the high temperature gas. For example, if a high-temperature gas is used to generate steam in heat exchange with a waste heat boiler, the cyclone dust can be used to meet the requirements of this application.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching treatment method according to the present invention comprises the following steps: (a): The high-temperature slag is guided into the processing furnace 1; (b): the high-speed air stream blown by the granulation cooling nozzle 4 blows the high-temperature slag entering the processing furnace 1 to the upper furnace body of the processing furnace to form a hot slag fountain.
  • the slag is rapidly granulated into hot slag particles and the hot slag particles are cooled to a temperature at which the surface does not bond; (c): the hot slag particles produced in the above step (b) are dropped in the falling process and the lower multi-stage fluidized bed
  • the ascending air current is subjected to countercurrent heat exchange, and multi-stage heat exchange is performed in the multi-stage fluidized bed to complete secondary cooling of the hot slag particles.
  • the rapid granulation and cooling of the slag and the secondary cooling of the hot slag are continuously performed in the same treatment furnace.
  • the method further comprises the step (d): the high temperature gas respectively generated by the above steps (b) and (c) is mixed in the upper portion of the treatment furnace and discharged from the top flue.
  • the gas discharged from the high temperature gas flue 11 is sent to a subsequent dedusting system 12 for treatment to be a high quality heat source that can be utilized.
  • the dust removal system can be correspondingly designed according to the use of the high temperature gas. For example, if high-temperature gas is used to generate steam in heat exchange with a waste heat boiler, cyclone dust removal can meet the requirements of this application.
  • the high-temperature slag introduction step includes introducing the high-temperature slag contained in the slag pot 2 into the treatment furnace 1 through the slag tank 3 located at the lower portion of the slag tank in the form of a slag curtain.
  • compressed air is supplied to the granulation and cooling nozzles through the first blower 5 to rapidly granulate and cool the slag.
  • Compressed air for secondary cooling of the hot slag is supplied to the lower portion of the multi-stage fluidized bed by the second blower 7.
  • the cooled slag particles are discharged through a rotary sealing valve 10 located below the multi-stage fluidized bed to cool the slag exit position.
  • the secondary cooling of the dropped hot slag particles is subjected to countercurrent heat exchange with the gas stream rising from the multi-stage fluidized bed and is carried out in a multi-stage fluidized bed.
  • the multi-stage heat exchange is completed, so that the steps of rapid granulation cooling of the slag and secondary cooling of the hot slag are continuously performed in the same treatment furnace, and it is not necessary to transport the hot slag to another separate secondary heat.
  • the intermediate part of the exchanger minimizes the heat loss of the system and improves the overall recovery efficiency of the sensible heat of the slag.
  • the vertical structure of the furnace is also reduced, which also reduces the floor space of the equipment and improves the feasibility of installation of the dry quenching equipment in the vicinity of the main smelting equipment.
  • the present invention provides an improved metallurgical slag dry quenching treatment apparatus, comprising: a treatment furnace 1 for granulating, cooling and obtaining high temperature air for high temperature slag; and for introducing high temperature slag
  • the processing furnace 1 includes: a furnace body 9, which comprises: a furnace body 9A having a vertical structure, and a slag inlet 9B for introducing high-temperature slag from the slag introduction device into the middle portion of the furnace body of the treatment furnace 1, Processing slag inlet of furnace 1 y B ⁇ .
  • body 9A is bulging; granulation and cooling nozzle 4, located below slag inlet 9B and surrounding slag inlet 9B, high velocity air flow from granulation and cooling nozzle 4
  • the slag entering the treatment furnace 1 in the form of a slag curtain is blown toward the upper furnace body of the treatment furnace 1 to form a hot slag fountain, the slag is rapidly granulated into hot slag particles and the hot slag particles are cooled to a temperature at which the surface does not stick.
  • the rapid granulation and cooling process of the slag is completed in the upper furnace body of the treatment furnace 1; the multi-stage fluidized bed device 6, located in the lower portion of the treatment furnace 1, the hot slag falling from the upper furnace body 9A of the treatment furnace 1
  • the counter-flow heat exchange is performed with the ascending gas from the lower multi-stage fluidized bed 6, and the multi-stage circulating heat exchange is completed in the multi-stage fluidized bed 6, so that the secondary cooling of the hot slag particles is completed in the treatment furnace 1.
  • rapid granulation and cooling of the slag and secondary cooling of the hot slag are continuously performed in the same treating furnace 1. As shown in FIG.
  • the slag introduction device comprises: a buffer slag tank 2A for accommodating high-temperature slag; a slag tank 3B for guiding the slag flow to enter and granulate and cool the slag in the form of a slag curtain a slag inlet 9B of the treatment furnace 9; a tundish 2B disposed between the buffer slag tank 2A and the slag tank 3B and connecting the buffer slag tank 2A and the slag tank 3B, which accommodates the slag and controls entry The flow rate of slag into the slag tank 3B.
  • the slag introduction device may further include a slag tank 3A for introducing the slag from the buffer slag tank 2A into the tundish 2B.
  • a slag control system 2A1 is disposed in the buffer slag tank 2A to control the slag flow rate flowing into the tundish 2B; and a liquid level control system 2B 1 is disposed in the tundish 2B and operates in cooperation with the stopper control system 2A1.
  • a sliding nozzle 2B2 is provided at the outlet of the lower portion of the tundish 2B for regulating the flow rate of the slag.
  • the tundish 2B2 of the tundish 2B has a certain degree of mouthwash
  • the liquid level control system 2B1 can reduce the opening degree of the stopper control system 2A1 in time, and the amount of slag flowing from the buffer slag tank 2A into the tundish 2B can be effectively reduced until the tundish
  • the liquid level of 2B is stabilized within the control accuracy range, at which time the amount of slag flowing from the buffer slag tank 2A into the tundish 2B will be equal to the amount of slag flowing out of the tundish 2B to the processing furnace 1. vice versa.
  • the above-mentioned stopper control system, liquid level control system and sliding nozzle are all common equipment and systems in the art, and their
  • both of the buffer slag pot 2A and the tundish 2B may be in the form of a slag pot, but are not limited to this shape and form.
  • the apparatus uses a tundish, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in order to ensure continuous and stable supply of slag to the processing furnace 1, two intermediate packages may be used.
  • the slag baths 3A, 3B are each covered with a thermal insulation cover.
  • the metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus of the present invention further includes a first blower 5 for supplying compressed air to the granulation and cooling nozzles to rapidly granulate and cool the slag, And a second blower 7 for supplying compressed air for secondary cooling of the hot slag to the lower portion of the multi-stage fluidized bed.
  • the apparatus further comprises a slag discharge pipe 8 for sampling and overhauling near the top fluidization plate, and two water-cooled sluice gate valves 8A, 8B are provided in the vertical section of the slag discharge pipe 8.
  • the apparatus further includes a rotary sealing valve 10 located at a cooling slag outlet position below the multi-stage fluidized bed 6 for discharging the cooled slag particles.
  • the apparatus further includes a high-temperature gas flue 11 located at the top of the processing furnace 1, and the high-temperature gas obtained by granulating and cooling the slag and the high-temperature gas obtained by secondary cooling of the hot slag are mixed in the upper portion of the processing furnace 1 and then passed through a high temperature.
  • the gas flue 11 is discharged.
  • the gas discharged from the high temperature gas flue 11 is sent to a subsequent dedusting device for treatment to be a high quality heat source available, for example for generating steam and generating electricity.
  • the dust removing device may include a primary dust removing device 12, such as a cyclone dust removing device, and the high temperature gas from the high temperature gas flue 11 is processed by the primary dust removing device 12, wherein the coarse particles are separated and subjected to primary dust removal.
  • the gray discharge valve 13 is discharged to the outside of the apparatus.
  • the gas treated by the primary dust removal device 12 can be further introduced to the secondary dust removal device 14, such as a pulsed dust collector using sintered wire mesh or ceramic ceramic material, depending on the use and requirements of the high temperature gas. .
  • the secondary dust removing device 14 the smaller particles are further separated and discharged to the outside of the apparatus via the secondary dust removing ash discharge valve 15.
  • a pulse backflushing system 16 is further disposed in the secondary dust removing device 14 to blow fine dust adsorbed on the surface of the filter material such as the sintered metal mesh or the ceramic ceramic material to the lower portion of the dust remover and sealed by rotation.
  • the valve 15 is discharged.
  • the gas filtered by the first and second stage dust removing devices may be further introduced into the high temperature booster fan 17 to supercharge the filtered gas, and the pressurized gas may be introduced into a specific gas.
  • Applications such as introduction to a hot blast stove burner as high temperature combustion air to increase hot air temperature.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 A flow chart of the operation principle and process of the metallurgical slag dry-out treatment apparatus in accordance with an improved embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the operation principle and process of the metallurgical slag dry quenching apparatus according to the present invention are as follows: First, the high temperature slag is guided into the processing furnace 1, preferably, by melting as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the buffer slag tank 2A and the tundish 2B in the slag introduction unit and the flow control device thereof are continuously and uniformly guided Introduced into the treatment furnace 1; next, compressed air is supplied to the granulation and cooling nozzles by the first blower 5, and the high-speed air stream blown by the granulated cooling nozzle 4 blows the high-temperature slag entering the treatment furnace 1 to the treatment furnace
  • the upper part of 1 forms a hot slag fountain, the slag is rapidly granulated into hot slag particles and the hot slag particles are cooled to a temperature at which the surface does not stick; then, the lower portion of the multi-stage fluidized bed 6 is supplied through the second blower 7
  • the compressed air for secondary cooling of the hot slag particles is subjected to countercurrent heat exchange between the hot slag generated by the above-mentioned slag and the ascending airflow from the lower multi-stage fluidized bed 6 in the falling process, and is carried out in the multi-stage fluidized bed 6
  • the cooled slag particles are discharged through the rotary sealing valve 10 which is located below the multi-stage fluidized bed 6 to cool the slag outlet position.
  • the high-temperature gas respectively generated in the foregoing process is mixed in the upper portion of the processing furnace 1 and discharged from the top flue.
  • the gas discharged from the high temperature gas flue 11 is sent to a subsequent dedusting device, such as a primary dust removing device 12 and a secondary dust removing device.
  • the gas dedusted by the primary and secondary dust removing devices 12 and 14 is pressurized by the high temperature booster fan 17 and then introduced into, for example, a hot blast stove.
  • the secondary cooling of the dropped hot slag particles is subjected to countercurrent heat exchange with the gas stream rising from the multi-stage fluidized bed and in multiple stages.
  • the multi-stage heat exchange in the fluidized bed is completed, so that the steps of rapid granulation cooling of the slag and secondary cooling of the hot slag are continuously performed in the same treatment furnace 1, and it is not necessary to transport the hot slag to another
  • the intermediate link of a single secondary heat exchanger minimizes the heat loss of the system and improves the overall recovery efficiency of the sensible heat of the slag.
  • the treatment furnace 1 adopts a vertical structure, which also reduces the floor space of the equipment and improves the feasibility of installing the dry quenching equipment in the vicinity of the main smelting equipment.
  • the present invention can further provide a two-stage dust removing device for performing two-stage filtering operation on the high temperature gas from the processing furnace, thereby improving and improving the dust removing effect of the dust removing device, thereby being able to meet the specific application, for example, the hot air furnace pair. Gas cleanliness requirements.

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Description

冶金熔渣干式处理装置及其处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其用于对冶金熔渣进行粒化冷却处理以 达到回收利用熔渣中显热的目的。 另外, 本发明还涉及一种冶金熔渣千熄处理方法。 背景技术
现有高炉炼铁过程产生的大量高炉渣通常釆用水淬工艺来处理, 每处理 1吨高炉 渣需要消耗新水 1 -1.2吨, 而且熔渣中的显热 (每吨 1500°C的高炉渣中的显热含量相 当于 61kg标煤)基本上随着水的蒸发散失而没有得到回收利用。 按 2009年中国的铁 水产量 5.44亿吨计算, 高炉渣的产量约为 1.81亿吨, 其中没有回收而浪费的显热相 当于 1100万吨标煤, 因为渣处理每年消耗的新水约为 2亿吨, 此外现有的水淬工艺 还产生大量 H2S酸雾, 对环境产生严重污染。
为了回收利用高温熔渣中的显热, 并避免水资源的浪费, 80年代以来人们开始研 究熔渣的各种干熄处理工艺。 由于冶金熔渣的导热率很低 (< lW/mk), 为提高显热 回收效率并保证处理后炉渣的玻璃化率满足作为水泥原料的要求, 首先必须将熔渣破 碎成微小液滴以增加传热表面积实现快速冷凝, 熔渣液滴或固态颗粒的余热通过热辐 射或热传导的方式被回收利用。 根据粒化方法的不同, 千熄工艺可分为风淬粒化法、 转鼓粒化法和离心粒化法。
风淬粒化法
20世纪 80年代, 日本六大钢铁公司 (新日铁、 NKK、 川崎制铁、 住友金属工业、 神户制钢所、 日新制铁) 联合研究幵发了风淬法高炉熔渣显热回收技术, 先后进行了 基础实验和大规模实验工厂的试验。其工艺流程为: 将 1400〜1600°C的高炉熔渣通过 渣沟导入一卧式风洞的造粒区域, 当熔渣从渣沟末端流出时, 被从下部鼓风机喷出的 高速空气流吹散、 粒化, 渣粒子的大部分在与风洞内壁或在风洞内设置的水冷分散板 撞击后, 以大约 1050Ό的温度落入风洞下部。 在落下的过程中, 炉渣被从风洞下部吹 入的空气进一步冷却, 之后以大约 800Ό的温度被排出风洞之外, 利用热筛分机将渣 粒子中的大粒径粒子分离除去, 将筛下渣粒子送入热料仓进行收集, 然后在二次换热 器的多段流化床中将渣粒冷却到大约 150°C, 在风洞和二次换热器中, 冷却空气与炉 渣换热获得的显热可用作产生蒸汽或发电。 以上工艺最终未能工业化, 一是因为总的 热回收效率只有约 62%。 由于在卧式风洞和二次换热器之间还有热筛分机和机械输送 系统, 加上风洞部分内壁和分散板均采用水冷方式, 系统本身热损失大; 二是因为粒 化冷却风洞采用卧式结构, 因此设备庞大, 在很多高炉现场布置安装的可行性低。
转鼓粒化法
转鼓粒化法也是由日本人于上世纪 70、 80年代提出的, 分为单鼓和双鼓两种形 式。 单鼓粒化或单轮粒化法的工艺是: 熔渣下落至旋转滚轮表面被甩出并粒化, 送入 固体介质流化床与空气和介质充分换热并冷却, 换热后的空气被送到余热锅炉回收热 量。 双鼓或转鼓粒化法的工艺是: 液渣通过转鼓表面冷却为渣膜, 鼓内介质吸热后变 成蒸汽, 经热交换器冷却后循环使用, 回收热量用于蒸汽透平发电。 以上工艺也没有 工业化, 对单鼓粒化来说, 一是因为在单鼓熔渣粒化后的冷却速度太慢, 所以玻璃化 率达不到作为水泥掺和料的要求( >95%),成品渣只能用作附加值很低的混凝土骨料。 双鼓粒化虽然解决了玻璃化率的问题, 但由于热渣粒的余热未能充分回收, 所以熔渣 显热的总回收率不到 40%; 二是该工艺使用的转轮长时间在高温恶劣的环境下工作, 即便有介质冷却保护, 其维护和运行成本都很高。
离心粒化法
上世纪 80年代, 日本人和英国人分别提出离心盘和离心杯粒化的概念, 其工艺 是将熔渣通过渣槽流入到转盘或转杯中进行粒化形成飞行的液滴, 液滴经快速冷却并 凝固, 收集的热渣粒在经过两级流化床时进一步冷却, 安装在流化床上的锅炉管通过 热交换, 收集渣中的余热, 产生热空气或蒸汽。 最近, 在澳大利亚联邦科工组织 ( CISRO ) 和钢铁企业的资助下, 离心盘粒化工艺得到了进一步的研究并建立了最大 渣处理量为 5kg/min的中试工厂, 其工艺为将熔渣流入一釆用离心盘的粒化器粒化生 成细小的液滴, 经快速冷却至 900Ό得到的热渣粒经收集在热交换器内进一步冷却以 回收相应的余热, 最终排渣温度为 25〜50°C, 出口处热空气温度据称可达到 600°C。 离心粒化法迄今未能实现工业化的原因是所采用的离心盘或离心杯属于易损易耗的 机械运动部件, 长时间在高温恶劣的环境下工作, 即便使用水冷, 其可靠性很难达到 与主体冶炼设备同步检修的要求, 而且维护和运行成本都较高。 由于冶金工厂主体冶 炼设备生产的连续性, 而且熔渣的排放具有量大、 间隙短的特点, 千熄处理装置至少 要有与主体冶炼设备同样的可靠性才具备工业化应用的基础。
针对以上现有技术中的问题和缺陷, 有必要提供一种改进的冶金熔渣千熄处理设 备以进一歩提高熔渣的显热回收效率并降低设备的占地面积; 和一种能够连续稳定地 将冶金熔渣导入到千熄处理设备中的熔渣导入装置以及具有该装置的冶金熔渣干熄 处理设备以保证干熄处理工艺的连续性; 同时, 有必要提供一种具有能够提高除尘效 果的除尘装置的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备以利于将获得的高温气体用于能够产生更高 附加值的用途, 如作为热风炉的高温助燃空气。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的问题和缺陷的至少一个方面。
相应地, 本发明的目的之一在于针对现已研究的风淬粒化法干熄处理设备存在的 热回收效率低而且设备占地面积大的缺点, 通过更合理的干熄处理设备和处理方法, 提高熔渣显热的回收效率并降低设备的占地面积。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其具有能够连续稳定地 将冶金熔渣导入到冶金熔渣干熄处理设备中的熔渣导入装置。
本发明的还一目的在于提供一种具有能够提高除尘效果的除尘装置的冶金熔渣 千熄处理设备。
本发明一方面提出了一种冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 包括: 用于使高温熔渣粒化、 冷却并获得高温空气的处理炉; 用于将高温熔渣导入到所述处理炉中的熔渣导入单 元; 其中所述处理炉包括: 炉体, 其包括: 采用竖式结构的炉身以及将来自所述熔渣 导入单元的高温熔渣导入到所述处理炉炉身中部的熔渣入口, 处理炉的熔渣入口上方 的炉身为鼓肚状;粒化和冷却喷嘴,位于所述熔渣入口的下方并且围绕所述熔渣入口, 从该粒化和冷却喷嘴吹出的高速空气流将以渣帘形式进入处理炉的熔渣吹向处理炉 的上部并形成热渣喷泉, 熔渣被快速粒化成热渣粒并且将热渣粒的表面冷却至不发生 粘结的温度, 从而在该处理炉的上部炉身内完成熔渣的快速粒化和冷却过程; 多段流 化床装置, 其位于处理炉的下部, 从处理炉的上部落下的热渣粒与从下部多段流化床 出来的上升气体进行逆流热交换, 并在多段流化床内完成多段循环热交换, 从而在该 处理炉内完成热渣粒的二次冷却。 其中, 熔渣的快速粒化和冷却以及热渣粒的二次冷 却在所述同一处理炉内连续地完成。在一种具体实施方式中,所述处理炉为竖式结构。
优选地, 所述冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括第一鼓风机, 用于为粒化和冷却喷嘴 提供压缩空气以将熔渣快速粒化和冷却。
优选地, 所述冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括第二鼓风机, 用于向多段流化床的下 部提供用于热渣粒二次冷却用的压缩空气。
优选地, 所述冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括位于顶层流化板附近事故检修用的排 渣管, 在排渣管的垂直段配有两道水冷闸板阀。
优选地, 所述冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括位于多段流化床下方冷却渣粒出口位 置的旋转密封阀, 用于将冷却后的渣粒排出。
优选地, 所述冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括高温气体烟道, 位于处理炉顶部, 熔 渣粒化冷却得到的高温气体与热渣粒二次冷却得到的高温气体在处理炉上部混合后 通过所述高温气体烟道排出。
优选地, 所述熔渣导入单元包括: 渣罐, 用于容纳高温熔渣; 以及覆盖有保温盖 板的渣槽, 位于所述渣罐的下部, 并且导引高温熔渣流动以渣帘形式进入所述处理炉 炉身中部的熔渣入口中。
本发明另一方面提出了一种冶金熔渣千熄处理方法, 包括: (a) : 将高温熔渣导 引进入处理炉中; (b) : 由粒化冷却喷嘴吹出的高速空气流将进入处理炉的高温熔渣 吹向处理炉的上部炉身以形成热渣喷泉, 熔渣被快速粒化成热渣粒并且热渣粒被冷却 至表面不发生粘结的温度; (c) : 使上述步骤 (b) 产生的热渣粒在下落过程与从下部 多段流化床出来的上升气流进行逆流热交换, 并在多段流化床内完成多段循环热交 换, 以完成热渣粒的二次冷却。 其中, 熔渣的快速粒化和冷却步骤 (b) 以及热渣粒 的二次冷却步骤 (c) 在所述同一处理炉内连续地完成。
优选地, 还包括步骤 (d): 经上述步骤 (b) 和步骤 (c) 分别产生的高温气体在 处理炉上部混合并从顶部烟道排出。
优选地, 通过至少一级除尘装置对从高温气体烟道排出的气体进行除尘操作, 除 尘后的气体经过高温增压风机增压之后被作为高温助燃空气导入到热风炉中。
和现有冶金熔渣千熄处理设备及处理方法比较, 本发明提出的装置具有以下显著 的优点和效果。
熔渣以渣帘形式进入粒化区有利于被粒化冷却喷嘴吹出的高速空气流充分粒化 和快速冷却, 而且空气流将熔渣向炉身上部喷吹不仅延长了产生的热渣粒与气流的热 交换时间以保证热渣粒充分冷却至表面不粘结的温度, 还可以利用粒化区以下的空间 将落下的热渣粒以多段流化床的形式进行二次冷却, 从而在同一炉内实现熔渣的快速 粒化冷却和热渣粒的二次冷却, 避免了熔渣在快速粒化和冷却后还需要单独的二次热 交换装置以及相应的热渣粒输送系统, 最大限度地减少了系统的热损失, 预计的热回 收效率可达到 80%, 与目前成熟的千熄焦装置水平相当。
本发明提出将熔渣用高速空气流向炉身上部喷吹的方法, 不仅从工艺上有效地将 熔渣的快速粒化和冷却与二次冷却过程在同一炉内不同区域分别完成, 具体地, 熔渣 的快速粒化速冷却发生在处理炉的中上部, 而二次冷却过程发生在千熄炉的下部, 并 且克服了工业上实际供渣点距离地面高度的限制, 通过利用供渣点以上的空间使得干 熄处理装置的设计更加合理, 降低了设备对占地面积的要求, 提高了整个装置在工业 现场安装的可行性。
根据本发明的另一方面, 在一种改进的具体实施方式中, 上述冶金熔渣导入装置 包括: 用于容纳高温熔渣的缓冲渣罐; 渣槽, 用于导引熔渣流动以渣帘形式进入到对 熔渣进行粒化和冷却处理的处理炉的熔渣入口; 设置在缓冲渣罐和渣槽之间并连接所 述缓冲渣罐和所述渣槽的中间包, 其容纳所述熔渣并控制进入到渣槽中的熔渣的流 量。
优选地, 该熔渣导入装置还包括: 渣槽, 用于将熔渣从缓冲渣罐导入中间包。 在一种具体实施方式中, 缓冲渣罐中设置有一塞棒控制系统以控制流入中间包的 熔渣流量; 以及所述中间包中设置有一液位控制系统并与塞棒控制系统协同操作以控 制所述中间包中的熔渣的液位
进一步地, 中间包的下部的出口处设置有一滑动水口用于调节下渣流量。
优选地, 所述渣槽上覆盖有保温盖板。
根据本发明的还一方面, 其提供一种冶金熔渣千熄处理设备, 包括: 用于使高温 熔渣粒化、 冷却并获得高温空气的处理炉; 以及根据前述中的熔渣导入装置, 其中经 由所述熔渣导入装置导入的熔渣以渣帘形式进入到处理炉的熔渣入口以对所述熔渣 进行粒化和冷却处理。
进一步地, 该冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括: 第一鼓风机, 用于为粒化和冷却喷 嘴提供压缩空气以将熔渣快速粒化和冷却; 以及第二鼓风机, 用于向所述多段流化床 的下部提供用于热渣粒二次冷却用的压缩空气。
优选地, 该冶金熔渣千熄处理设备还包括位于顶层流化板附近取样和检修用的排 渣管, 在排渣管的垂直段配有两道水冷闸板阀。
优选地, 该冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括位于多段流化床下方冷却渣粒出口位置 的旋转密封阀, 用于将冷却后的渣粒排出。
进一歩地, 该冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括高温气体烟道, 位于处理炉的顶部, 熔渣粒化冷却得到的高温气体与热渣粒二次冷却得到的高温气体在处理炉上部混合 后通过所述高温气体烟道排出。
更进一步地, 该冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括一级除尘装置, 其与高温气体烟道 相连, 来自高温气体烟道的高温气体通过所述一级除尘装置进行处理, 其中的较粗颗 粒被分离出来, 并经由一级除尘灰排料阀排出到设备外部。
进一步优选地, 该冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括: 二级除尘装置, 经过一级除尘 装置处理过的气体进一步导入到所述二级除尘装置进行除尘处理, 其中较细颗粒被分 离出来, 并经由二级除尘灰排料阀排出到设备外部; 以及设置在二级除尘装置上的脉 冲反吹系统。
在本发明的至少一个方面相对于现有技术具有下述优点和技术效果:
在本发明的上述实施方式中, 通过设置缓冲渣罐、 中间包以及配备的流量控制装 置可以实现连续均匀地向所述处理炉提供熔渣, 保证千熄处理工艺的连续性。
此外, 本发明进一步设置多级除尘装置, 以对来自处理炉的高温气体进行多重过 滤操作, 从而改进和提高了除尘装置的除尘效果, 进而可以满足特定应用场合下, 例 如用作热风炉助燃空气, 对所用气体洁净度的要求。 附图说明
图 1是说明本发明的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备的结构和操作方法的一种具体实施方 式的示意图。
图 2是显示根据本发明的一种改进的具体实施方式中的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备的 组成和结构的示意图。
图 3是显示本发明的冶金熔渣干熄处理方法的一种具体实施方式的流程图。 具体实施方式
结合附图并参照本发明的优选实施例, 本领域的技术人员能更好地理解本申请的 进一歩的公开、 目的、优点和方面, 所给出的这些附图和实施例只是为了说明的目的, 而不是对发明的保护范围进行限制。
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的示例性实施例。 附图中相同的附图标记表示相同 的部件。 图】示出了根据本发明的一种具体实施方式的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备的组成 和结构示意图。 IJ闺 i所示, 冶金熔渣干熄处理设备包括: 用于使高温熔渣粒化、 冷却并获得高 温空气的处理炉 1 ; 以及用于将高温熔渣导入到处理炉 1中的熔渣导入单元 2、 3。 其中 所述处理炉 1包括: 炉体 9, 其包括: 采用竖式结构的炉身以及将来自熔渣导入单元的 高温熔渣导入到处理炉的炉身中部的熔渣入口, 处理炉的熔渣入口上方的炉身为鼓肚 状; 粒化和冷却喷嘴 4, 位于熔渣入口的下方并且围绕熔渣入口, 从该粒化和冷却喷 嘴吹出的高速空气流将以渣帘形式进入处理炉的熔渣吹向处理炉的上部炉身并形成 热渣喷泉, 熔渣被快速粒化成热渣粒并且热渣粒被冷却至表面不发生粘结的温度, 从 而在该处理炉 1的上部炉身内完成熔渣的快速粒化和冷却过程; 多段流化床装置 6, 位 于处理炉的下部, 从处理炉的上部炉身落下的热渣粒与从下部多段流化床出来的上升 气体进行逆流热交换, 并在多段流化床内完成多段循环热交换, 从而在该处理炉 1内 完成热渣粒的二次冷却。 根据本发明的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 熔渣的快速粒化和冷 却以及热渣粒的二次冷却在同一处理炉内连续地完成。 如图 1所示, 熔渣导入单元包括: 渣罐 2, 用于容纳高温熔渣; 以及渣槽 3, 位于 渣罐的下部, 并且导引高温熔渣流动以渣帘形式进入处理炉的熔渣入口中。 在上述实 施例中, 该装置采用了一个渣罐, 但本发明不仅限于此。 例如为保证向处理炉 1连续 稳定地提供熔渣, 可以釆用一备一用两个渣罐。 在一种优选实施例中, 渣槽 3覆盖有 保温盖板。
在上述实施方式中,参见图 1,本发明冶金熔渣千熄处理设备还包括第一鼓风机 5, 用于为粒化和冷却喷嘴提供压缩空气以将熔渣快速粒化和冷却, 以及第二鼓风机 7, 用于向多段流化床的下部提供用于热渣粒二次冷却用的压缩空气。 优选地, 该装置还 包括位于顶层流化板附近事故检修用的排渣管 8 , 在排渣管的垂直段配有两道水冷闸 板阀。 参见图 1, 该装置还包括位于多段流化床下方冷却渣粒出口位置的旋转密封阀 11, 用于将冷却后的渣粒排出。
再次参见图 1, 该装置还包括高温气体烟道 1 1, 位于处理炉顶部, 熔渣粒化冷却 得到的高温气体与热渣粒二次冷却得到的高温气体在处理炉上部混合后通过高温气 体烟道 1 1排出。 高温气体烟道 11排出的气体送往后续的除尘系统 12处理成为可利用的 高质量热源。 除尘系统可根据高温气体的用途进行相应的优选设计。 例如, 如高温气 体用于与余热锅炉换热产生蒸汽, 釆用旋风除尘的方式即可满足此用途的要求。
下面结合附图 1和 3对根据本发明的一种具体实施方式的冶金熔渣干熄处理方法 进行说明。如图 1和 3所示,根据本发明的冶金熔渣干熄处理方法包括下述步骤: (a ): 将高温熔渣导引进入处理炉 1中; (b ) : 由粒化冷却喷嘴 4吹出的高速空气流将进入 处理炉 1的高温熔渣吹向处理炉的上部炉身以形成热渣喷泉, 熔渣快速粒化成热渣粒 并且热渣粒被冷却至表面不发生粘结的温度; (c ) : 使上述歩骤 (b ) 产生的热渣粒 在下落过程与下部多段流化床出来的上升气流进行逆流热交换, 并在多段流化床内进 行多段循环热交换, 以完成热渣粒的二次冷却。 其中熔渣的快速粒化和冷却以及热渣 粒的二次冷却在同一处理炉内连续地完成。 优选地, 该方法还包括步骤 (d ) : 经上 述歩骤 (b ) 和歩骤 (c ) 分别产生的高温气体在处理炉上部混合并从顶部烟道排出。 高温气体烟道 11排出的气体送往后续的除尘系统 12处理成为可利用的高质量热源。 除 尘系统可根据高温气体的用途进行相应的优选设计。 例如, 如高温气体用于与余热锅 炉换热产生蒸汽, 采用旋风除尘的方式即可满足此用途的要求。
上述的处理方法可以釆用如前所述的处理装置来实现。 例如, 上述高温炉渣导入 步骤包括将容纳在渣罐 2中的高温熔渣经过位于渣罐下部的渣槽 3以渣帘形式导引进 入处理炉 1。
参见图 3, 通过第一鼓风机 5, 向粒化和冷却喷嘴提供压缩空气以将熔渣快速粒化 和冷却。 通过第二鼓风机 7, 向多段流化床的下部提供用于热渣粒二次冷却用的压缩 空气。 通过位于多段流化床下方冷却渣粒出口位置的旋转密封阀 10, 将冷却后的渣粒 排出。
由于熔渣的快速粒化和冷却在处理炉炉身的中上部完成, 落下的热渣粒的二次冷 却通过与多段流化床出来上升的气流进行逆流热交换并在多段流化床内进行多段循 环热交换完成, 从而实现熔渣的快速粒化冷却和热渣粒的二次冷却的步骤都在同一处 理炉内连续地完成, 不需要将热渣粒输送到另一单独的二次热交换器这一中间环节, 最大限度地减少了系统的热损失, 提高了熔渣显热的总回收效率。 此外, 处理炉釆用 竖式结构, 还降低了设备的占地面积, 提高了干熄处理设备在主体冶炼设备附近安装 的可行性。
下面结合附图 2对根据本发明的一种改进的具体实施方式的冶金熔渣千熄处理设 备进行说明。 如图 2所示, 本发明提出一种改进的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 包括: 用 于使高温熔渣粒化、 冷却并获得高温空气的处理炉 1 ; 以及用于将高温熔渣导入到处 理炉 1中的熔渣导入装置 2A、 2A1、 2B、 2B1、 2B2、 3A、 3B。
参见图 2, 处理炉 1包括: 炉体 9, 其包括: 采用竖式结构的炉身 9A以及将来自熔 渣导入装置的高温熔渣导入到处理炉 1的炉身中部的熔渣入口 9B, 处理炉 1的熔渣入口 y B丄.力 IJ、」 ^身 9A为鼓肚状; 粒化和冷却喷嘴 4, 位于熔渣入口 9B的下方并且围绕熔渣 入口 9B, 从该粒化和冷却喷嘴 4吹出的高速空气流将以渣帘形式进入处理炉 1的熔渣吹 向处理炉 1的上部炉身并形成热渣喷泉, 熔渣被快速粒化成热渣粒并且热渣粒被冷却 至表面不发生粘结的温度, 从而在该处理炉 1的上部炉身内完成熔渣的快速粒化和冷 却过程; 多段流化床装置 6, 位于处理炉 1的下部, 从处理炉 1的上部炉身 9A落下的热 渣粒与从下部多段流化床 6出来的上升气体进行逆流热交换, 并在多段流化床 6内完成 多段循环热交换, 从而在该处理炉 1内完成热渣粒的二次冷却。 根据本发明的冶金熔 渣干熄处理设备, 熔渣的快速粒化和冷却以及热渣粒的二次冷却在同一处理炉 1内连 续地完成。 如图 2所示, 熔渣导入装置包括: 用于容纳高温熔渣的缓冲渣罐 2A; 渣槽 3B, 用 于导引熔渣流动以渣帘形式进入到对熔渣进行粒化和冷却处理的处理炉 9的熔渣入口 9B ; 设置在缓冲渣罐 2A和渣槽 3B之间并连接所述缓冲渣罐 2A和所述渣槽 3B的中间包 2B, 其容纳所述熔渣并控制进入到渣槽 3B中的熔渣的流量。 如图 1所示, 该熔渣导入 装置还可包括渣槽 3A, 用于将熔渣从缓冲渣罐 2A导入中间包 2B。
具体地, 缓冲渣罐 2A中设置有一塞棒控制系统 2A1以控制流入中间包 2B的熔渣流 量; 以及所述中间包 2B中设置有一液位控制系统 2B 1并与塞棒控制系统 2A1协同操作以 控制所述中间包 2B中的熔渣的液位。 中间包 2B的下部的出口处设置有一滑动水口 2B2 用于调节下渣流量。 例如, 在中间包 2B的滑动水口 2B2幵口度一定的条件下, 当从缓 冲渣罐 2Λ流入中间包 2B的渣量大于从中间包 2B流出到处理炉 1的渣量时, 中间包 2B的 液位就会上升, 通过液位控制系统 2B1反馈的液位信号适时减小塞棒控制系统 2A1的开 口度, 可以有效地减少从缓冲渣罐 2A流入中间包 2B中的渣量, 直至中间包 2B的液位稳 定在控制的精度范围内, 这时从缓冲渣罐 2A流入中间包 2B的渣量将等于从中间包 2B流 出到处理炉 1的渣量。 反之亦然。 上述塞棒控制系统、 液位控制系统和滑动水口均为 本领域的通用设备和系统, 在此对其具体结构和功能不作详细说明。
由此, 在本发明的上述实施方式中, 通过缓冲渣罐 2A、 中间包 2B以及配备的流量 控制装置可以实现连续均匀地向所述处理炉 1提供熔渣, 保证千熄处理工艺的连续性。 在上述实施例中, 缓冲渣罐 2A和中间包 2B都可以采用渣罐的形式, 但不仅限于此形状 和形式。 在上述实施例中, 该装置釆用了一个中间包, 但本发明不仅限于此。 例如为 保证向处理炉 1连续稳定地提供熔渣, 可以采用一备一用两个中间包。 另外, 在一种 优选实施例中, 渣槽 3A、 3B均覆盖有保温盖板。 在上述实施方式中, 参见图 1和图 2, 本发明冶金熔渣干熄处理设备还包括第一鼓 风机 5, 用于为粒化和冷却喷嘴提供压缩空气以将熔渣快速粒化和冷却, 以及第二鼓 风机 7 , 用于向多段流化床的下部提供用于热渣粒二次冷却用的压缩空气。 优选地, 该装置还包括位于顶层流化板附近取样和检修用的排渣管 8, 在排渣管 8的垂直段配有 两道水冷闸板阀 8A、 8B。 在一种具体的实施方式中, 通过打开水冷闸板阀 8A让少量从 炉身上部落下经过粒化冷却但未经过流化床进行二次热交换之前的热渣粒进入此排 渣管 8, 随即关上水冷闸板阀 8A, 经过一定时间冷却, 再打开水冷闸板阀 8B, 即可获 得炉内渣样, 通过此渣样的粒度分布和表面粘结情况可以相应调整粒化冷却的工艺参 数。 此外, 在处理炉炉内检修过程发现的一些较大块的物体也可通过此排渣管 8排出。 参见图 1, 该装置还包括位于多段流化床 6下方冷却渣粒出口位置的旋转密封阀 10, 用 于将冷却后的渣粒排出。
再次参见图 2, 该装置还包括高温气体烟道 11, 位于处理炉 1顶部, 熔渣粒化冷却 得到的高温气体与热渣粒二次冷却得到的高温气体在处理炉 1上部混合后通过高温气 体烟道 11排出。 高温气体烟道 11排出的气体送往后续的除尘装置处理成为可利用的高 质量热源, 例如用于产生蒸汽和发电。
参见图 2, 除尘装置可包括一级除尘装置 12, 例如旋风除尘装置, 来自高温气体 烟道 11的高温气体通过一级除尘装置 12进行处理, 其中的粗颗粒被分离出来, 并经由 一级除尘灰排料阀 13排出到设备外部。 在一种优选实施方式中, 根据高温气体的用途 和要求, 经过一级除尘装置 12处理过的气体可进一步导入到二级除尘装置 14, 例如使 用烧结金属丝网或蜂窝陶瓷材料的脉冲除尘器。 在二级除尘装置 14中, 较小的颗粒被 进一步分离出来, 并经由二级除尘灰排料阀 15排出到设备外部。 优选地, 在二级除尘 装置 14中还设置有脉冲反吹系统 16, 以将吸附在过滤材料例如烧结金属丝网或蜂窝陶 瓷材料的表面上的细小粉尘吹落到除尘器下部并通过旋转密封阀 15排出。 进一步地, 经过上述第一、 第二级除尘装置过滤后的气体可以进一步被导入到高温增压风机 17 中, 以对经过过滤的气体进行增压, 增压后的气体可以被导入到具体的应用场合, 例 如导入到热风炉燃烧器作为高温助燃空气以提高热风温度。
下面参照附图 2和 3详细说明根据本发明的改进的实施方式中的冶金熔渣干熄处 理设备的操作原理和过程的流程图。 如图 2和 3所示, 根据本发明的冶金熔渣干熄处理 设备的操作原理和过程如下: 首先, 将高温熔渣导引进入处理炉 1中, 优选地, 如图 2 所示通过熔渣导入单元中的缓冲渣罐 2A和中间包 2B及其流量控制装置连续均匀地导 引进入处理炉 1中; 接下来, 通过第一鼓风机 5, 向粒化和冷却喷嘴提供压缩空气, ώ 粒化冷却喷嘴 4吹出的高速空气流将进入处理炉 1的高温熔渣吹向处理炉 1的上部并形 成热渣喷泉, 熔渣快速粒化成热渣粒并且热渣粒被冷却至表面不发生粘结的温度; 然 后,通过第二鼓风机 7, 向多段流化床 6的下部提供用于热渣粒二次冷却用的压缩空气, 使上述歩骤产生的热渣粒在下落过程与下部多段流化床 6出来的上升气流进行逆流热 交换, 并在多段流化床 6内进行多段循环热交换, 以完成热渣粒的二次冷却。 在上述 过程中, 熔渣的快速粒化和冷却以及热渣粒的二次冷却在同一处理炉 1内连续地完成。
在上述熔渣的快速粒化和冷却以及热渣粒的二次冷却过程之后, 通过位于多段流 化床 6下方冷却渣粒出口位置的旋转密封阀 10, 将冷却后的渣粒排出。 另一方面, 参 见图 2, 在前述过程中分别产生的高温气体在处理炉 1上部混合并从顶部烟道排出。 高 温气体烟道 11排出的气体送往后续的除尘装置, 例如一级除尘装置 12和二级除尘装置
14进行除尘处理。 经过一级、 二级除尘装置 12和 14除尘的气体经过高温增压风机 17被 增压之后被导入到例如热风炉中。
在本发明中, 由于熔渣的快速粒化和冷却在处理炉炉身的中上部完成, 落下的热 渣粒的二次冷却通过与多段流化床出来上升的气流进行逆流热交换并在多段流化床 内进行多段循环热交换完成, 从而实现熔渣的快速粒化冷却和热渣粒的二次冷却的步 骤都在同一处理炉 1内连续地完成, 不需要将热渣粒输送到另一单独的二次热交换器 这一中间环节, 最大限度地减少了系统的热损失, 提高了熔渣显热的总回收效率。 此 夕卜, 处理炉 1采用竖式结构, 还降低了设备的占地面积, 提高了干熄处理设备在主体 冶炼设备附近安装的可行性。
另外, 在本发明的上述实施方式中, 通过设置缓冲渣罐、 中间包以及配备的流量 控制装置可以实现连续均匀地向所述处理炉提供熔渣, 保证千熄处理工艺的连续性。
此外, 本发明进一步可设置两级除尘装置, 以对来自处理炉的高温气体进行两级 过滤操作, 从而改进和提高了除尘装置的除尘效果, 进而可以满足特定应用场合下, 例如热风炉对所用气体洁净度的要求。
干熄处理方法尽管对本发明的典型实施例进行了说明, 但是显然普通技术人员可 以理解, 在不背离本发明的精神和原理的情况下可以进行改变, 其范围在权利要求书 以及其等同物中进行了限定。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1.一种冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 包括:
用于使高温熔渣粒化、 冷却并获得高温空气的处理炉 (1 );
用于将高温熔渣导入到所述处理炉 (1 ) 中的熔渣导入单元 (2, 3 ); 其中所述处 理炉 (1 ) 包括:
炉体 (9 ), 其包括: 采用竖式结构的炉身以及将来自所述熔渣导入单元的 高温熔渣导入到位于所述处理炉炉身中部的熔渣入口, 其中, 所述处理炉的熔渣入口 上方的炉身为鼓肚状;
粒化和冷却喷嘴 (4 ), 位于所述熔渣入口的下方并且围绕所述熔渣入口, 从该粒化和冷却喷嘴吹出的高速空气流将以渣帘形式进入处理炉的熔渣吹向处理炉 的上部并形成热渣喷泉, 熔渣被快速粒化成热渣粒并且热渣粒被冷却至表面不发生粘 结的温度, 从而在该处理炉 (1 ) 的上部炉身内完成熔渣的快速粒化和冷却过程; 多段流化床装置 (6 ) , 位于处理炉的下部, 从处理炉的上部炉身落下的热 渣粒与从所述多段流化床出来的上升气体进行逆流热交换, 并在多段流化床内完成多 段循环热交换, 从而在该处理炉 (1 ) 内完成热渣粒的二次冷却;
其中, 熔渣的快速粒化和冷却以及热渣粒的二次冷却在所述同一处理炉内连续地 完成。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其特征在于, 所述熔渣导入单 元包括: 渣罐, 用于容纳高温熔渣; 以及覆盖有保温盖板的渣槽, 位于所述渣罐的下 部, 并且导引高温熔渣流动以渣帘形式进入所述处理炉炉身中部的熔渣入口中。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的冶金熔渣千熄处理设备, 其特征在于, 所述熔渣导入单 元 (2, 3 ) 包括- 用于容纳高温熔渣的缓冲渣罐 (2A);
渣槽 (3B ), 用于导引熔渣流动以渣帘形式进入到对熔渣进行粒化和冷却处理的 处理炉 (9) 的熔渣入口;
设置在缓冲渣罐 (2A) 和渣槽 (3B ) 之间并连接所述缓冲渣罐 (2A) 和所述渣 槽(3B ) 的中间包(2B ), 其容纳所述熔渣并控制进入到渣槽(3B ) 中的熔渣的流量。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的冶金熔渣千熄处理设备, 其特征在于还包括: 渣槽 GA), 用于将熔渣从缓冲渣罐 (2A) 导入中间包 (2B )。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其特征在于: 缓冲渣罐 (2A) 中设置有一塞棒控制系统 (2A1 ) 以控制流入中间包 (2B ) 的熔 渣流量; 以及
所述中间包 (2B ) 中设置有一液位控制系统 (2B1 ) 并与塞棒控制系统 (2A1 ) 协同操作以控制所述中间包 (2B ) 中的熔渣的液位。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其特征在于:
中间包 (2B ) 的下部的出口处设置有一滑动水口 (2B2) 用于调节下渣流量。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其特征在于:
所述渣槽 (3 ) 上覆盖有保温盖板。
8. 一种冶金熔渣千熄处理设备, 其特征在于包括: 用于使高温熔渣粒化、 冷却并 获得高温空气的处理炉(1 ); 以及根据权利要求 2-7中任何一项所述的熔渣导入装置, 其中经由所述熔渣导入装置导入的熔渣以渣帘形式进入到处理炉(9)的熔渣入口(9B) 以对所述熔渣进行粒化和冷却处理。
9. 根据权利要求 1-8中任何一项所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其特征在于, 还 包括第一鼓风机(5 ),用于为粒化和冷却喷嘴提供压缩空气以将熔渣快速粒化和冷却。
10. 根据权利要求 9所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其特征在于, 还包括第二鼓 风机 (7), 用于向所述多段流化床的下部提供用于热渣粒二次冷却用的压缩空气。
11 . 根据权利要求 10 所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其特征在于, 还包括位于 顶层流化板附近事故检修用的排渣管 (8 ) , 在排渣管的垂直段配有两道水冷闸板阀 ( 8A、 8B)o
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的冶金熔渣千熄处理设备, 其特征在于, 还包括位于多 段流化床下方冷却渣粒出口位置的旋转密封阀 (10), 用于将冷却后的渣粒排出。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其特征在于, 还包括高温气 体烟道 (11 ), 位于处理炉顶部, 熔渣粒化冷却得到的高温气体与热渣粒二次冷却得 到的高温气体在处理炉上部混合后通过所述高温气体烟道排出。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的冶金熔渣千熄处理设备, 其特征在于, 还包括一级除 尘装置 (12 ), 其与高温气体烟道 (11 ) 相连, 来自高温气体烟道 (11 ) 的高温气体 通过所述一级除尘装置 (12 ) 进行处理, 其中的较粗颗粒被分离出来, 并经由一级除 尘灰排料阀 (13 ) 排出到设备外部。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理设备, 其特征在于, 还包括: 二级除尘装置 (14), 经过一级除尘装置 (12) 处理过的气体进一歩导入到所述 二级除尘装置 (14) 进行除尘处理, 其中较细颗粒被分离出来, 并经由二级除尘灰排 料阀 (15) 排出到设备外部; 以及
设置在二级除尘装置 (14) 上的脉冲反吹系统 (16)。
16. 一种冶金熔渣干熄处理方法, 包括以下歩骤:
(a) : 将高温熔渣导引进入处理炉 (1) 中;
(b) : 由粒化冷却喷嘴 (4) 吹出的高速空气流将进入处理炉 (1) 的高温熔渣吹 向处理炉的上部炉身以形成热渣喷泉, 熔渣被快速粒化成热渣粒并且热渣粒被冷却至 表面不发生粘结的温度;
(c): 使上述步骤 (b) 产生的热渣粒在下落过程与从多段流化床出来的上升气 流进行逆流热交换, 并在多段流化床内进行多段循环热交换, 以完成热渣粒的二次冷 却;
其中, 熔渣的快速粒化和冷却步骤 (b) 以及热渣粒的二次冷却步骤 (c) 在所述 同一处理炉内连续地完成。
17. 根据权利要求 16所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理方法, 其特征在于, 还包括步骤:
((!): 经上述步骤 (b) 和步骤 (c) 分别产生的高温气体在处理炉上部混合并从 顶部高温气体烟道 (11) 排出。
18. 根据权利要求 16所述的冶金熔渣干熄处理方法, 其特征在于, 还包括步骤: 通过至少一级除尘装置对从高温气体烟道 (11) 排出的气体进行除尘操作, 除尘 后的气体经过高温增压风机 Π7) 增压之后被作为高温助燃空气导入到热风炉中。
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