WO2012022345A2 - Verfahren zur steuerung einzelner photovoltaik-module einer photovoltaik-anlage und steuereinrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur steuerung einzelner photovoltaik-module einer photovoltaik-anlage und steuereinrichtung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012022345A2 WO2012022345A2 PCT/DE2011/075176 DE2011075176W WO2012022345A2 WO 2012022345 A2 WO2012022345 A2 WO 2012022345A2 DE 2011075176 W DE2011075176 W DE 2011075176W WO 2012022345 A2 WO2012022345 A2 WO 2012022345A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- module
- voltage
- control unit
- current
- strand
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
- G08B13/14—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
- G08B13/1409—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles for removal detection of electrical appliances by detecting their physical disconnection from an electrical system, e.g. using a switch incorporated in the plug connector
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
- H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/95—Circuit arrangements
- H10F77/953—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/955—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method by which the photovoltaic modules (PV modules) of a PV system in case of danger or service work by means of appropriate control devices of a control unit can be switched to a safe state, without causing damage to the PV modules or the inverter to take. If all PV modules are provided with such control units, then the PV generator (the PV system) is switched to a non-human condition at any point in the event of danger.
- the control devices use the existing wiring of the PV system, so there is no additional effort in this regard in the assembly of the PV modules required.
- the photovoltaic generator has the disadvantage that the thermal switch (which need not always occur in fires) only triggers when there is a rise in temperature in its immediate vicinity, and reopens as soon as the temperature drops (for example when extinguishing water is used). From the outside, it is impossible to tell whether the modules are de-energized, nor can the system be de-energized manually.
- the external pressure control lines and mechanical pressure actuators are relatively vulnerable due to the moving parts.
- the solar module is In addition, the PV modules are statically short-circuited, which can damage the individual PV modules and the inverter. Another disadvantage is that in addition to the wiring of the solar system additional control lines are required.
- the object of the invention is to find a method by means of which photovoltaic modules of a PV system can be switched to a safe state in the event of danger (ie in case of fire) or during service work, without damaging the PV modules or the inverter ,
- the control device should be able to be operated exclusively with the already existing wiring of the PV system.
- a separate control unit is assigned to each (to be controlled) PV module in at least one (consisting of several such PV modules) strand of the PV system (preferably in each strand) for controlling the individual PV modules.
- the control units monitor the voltage profile and / or the current of the PV module to which they are assigned.
- the control unit of the relevant PV module is activated (ie the control unit triggers the intended action, see below). So that short-term, harmless voltage peaks (or voltage dips) can not cause activation of the control unit, the control unit is activated only when a voltage increase (voltage drop) on the PV module for a defined period of time exceeds a predetermined critical value.
- a control unit monitors the current through the PV module, the control unit is activated as soon as the current drops below a reference value (eg 100 mA).
- a reference value eg 100 mA.
- the control unit is activated, in a first variant the PV module on at least one connection side thereof is separated from the associated line. The resulting, at least one separation point, however, a capacitor remains connected in parallel, ie, the PV modules remain connected to each other even after separation via the capacitors. DC currents through the string are thus inhibited, but alternating currents (and pulsed DC signals) can still flow.
- a low-impedance load is switched in parallel with the PV module in parallel, i. that is, the low-resistance load is alternately connected in parallel with and disconnected from the PV module for a certain time. Due to the clocked parallel connection, the effective voltage (time average) of the PV module decreases.
- the timing is varied during the connection of the low-impedance load such that the mean value of the time in which the load is parallel to the PV module is switched, steadily increasing and finally reaches a constant value.
- the mean value decreases accordingly and finally becomes zero.
- the clocking is selected such that microcontrollers contained in the control units are just supplied with their minimum permissible operating voltage by the effective voltage (residual voltage) delivered by the PV module.
- the total voltage of the at least one strand drops to a safe level for people.
- the at least one PV module, the load switched clocked in parallel and the at least one PV module associated microcontroller is supplied with at least its minimum operating voltage or the PV module is separated on at least one side of the strand (first or second variant) to reset all activated control units of the at least one strand, an electrical pulse or an electrical pulse train are sent via the lines of the at least one strand.
- the microcontrollers in the controllers are programmed to detect the electrical pulse or sequence and reset the activated controllers.
- the control device comprises a plurality of control units, which are used in conjunction with a respective PV module.
- each PV module of the PV system is provided with a control unit.
- the control units are in each case provided with at least one measuring device which serves for detecting the voltage profile of the PV module (or the current flowing through the PV module), a microcontroller for monitoring the voltage profile of the PV module (or of the PV module). Module flowing current) and either at least one module disconnect switch, which serves for separating at least one side of the control unit associated with the PV module from the strand, or a circuit which is used for the clocked parallel connection of a low-load to the associated PV module ,
- the measuring device for detecting the current flowing through the PV module comprises, for example, a low-impedance shunt resistor, which is in each case connected in series between the PV module with the associated microcontroller and an adjacent PV module of the same line; an operational amplifier, with which the voltage dropping across the shunt resistor is detected, amplified and compared with voltage reference values; and a temperature compensation circuit providing temperature dependent voltage reference values for the operational amplifier.
- the control units which, when activated, switch a low-resistance load in parallel with the associated PV module have, for example, a switch (electronic, mechanical or a combination of both) and a resistor (low-resistance load) for limiting the current, the switch and the resistor are connected in series.
- the series connection of the resistor and the switch is connected in parallel to the associated PV module.
- the control units are usually integrated in the connection boxes of the PV modules, mounted on the connection boxes or arranged in the immediate vicinity of the connection boxes.
- the control device is inexpensive to produce, since it can be implemented with standard electronic components and in addition to the already existing wiring of the solar system no additional control lines are required.
- control device in conjunction with a monitoring device for PV systems with a supply part, a current sensor which detects the current through the at least one strand, a generator with capacity-voltage converter, which serves for theft detection, a microcontroller, which serves to evaluate the current values supplied by the current sensor and the voltage values supplied by the capacitance-voltage converter, an uncoupling element for decoupling the at least one string from at least the capacitors of the inverter, a reset device for the control units of the control device, an alarm reset Device and an interface with galvanic isolation, which serves for the transmission of alarms to an external alarm center operated.
- Fig. 3 a series circuit of three control units, which when activated the
- Fig. 4 a series circuit of three control units, which when activated the
- a PV system in which a plurality of PV modules 1 are connected in series parallel to a strand 2, wherein for implementing the method according to the invention parallel to each of the PV modules 1, a respective control unit 3 is arranged.
- the DC voltage generated by the PV modules is converted via the inverter 4 of the PV system into the mains voltage.
- the monitoring device 5 is connected, which monitors the PV system for theft and on the formation of arcing (voltage flashovers).
- the control units 3 together form the control device according to the invention.
- the lines of the connected strand 2 are looped through the decoupling element 6, which serves as a capacity separation, to the inverter 4.
- the AC line voltage is converted by the supply part 7 in low voltage.
- the microcontroller 8 (monitoring microcontroller), the generator with capacitance voltage converter 9, the current sensor 10 and the light emitting diode 13 are supplied with voltage.
- the microcontroller 8 detects the output signals of the generator with capacitance / voltage converter 9 and of the current sensor 10. When a reverse current or an arc occurs in the connected line 2, the current sensor 10 outputs a characteristic voltage curve, which is detected by the microcontroller 8 and (as a malfunction) is detected.
- the decoupling element 6 serves as a capacity separation, so that the capacitances of the capacitors in the inverter 4 are not measured.
- FIG. 3 shows a series connection of three PV modules 1, each of which is equipped with a control unit 3.
- the control units 3 detect the current flowing through the respective PV module 1 or the voltage of the PV module. 1
- the PV module 1 associated control unit 3 is framed with a dashed line (dot-dash line).
- the microcontroller 14 (control microcontroller), the voltage converter 15, the switch 16, the load 17 and the voltage divider 18 are housed.
- the microcontroller 14 is powered by the voltage converter 15, which receives its input voltage via the terminals 1 .1 and 1 .2 of the PV module 1, with voltage. As long as the voltage at the PV module 1 is above the voltage required for the operation of the microcontroller 14, the voltage converter 15 supplies the supply voltage of the microcontroller 14.
- the microcontroller 14 detects via the voltage divider 18, which consists of the resistors connected in series 18.1 and 18.2, the voltage of the PV module 1. As soon as the voltage detected by the microcontroller 14 exceeds a certain value, the microcontroller 14 sends a signal to the switch 16.
- the switch 16 then switches the load 17 clocked in parallel with the terminals 1 .1 and 1 .2. Since the load 17 has a very low ohmic resistance, a high current flows through the load 17, whereby the voltage between the terminals 1 .1 and 1 .2 drops sharply.
- the microcontroller 14 determines a clock rate at which the switch 16 must be switched so that the voltage between the terminals 1 .1 and 1 .2 not below the minimum required supply voltage of the voltage converter 15 for the microcontroller 14 falls (defined control loop). This operating state is maintained until the microcontroller 14 is reset and no longer activates or opens the switch 16.
- the current measuring device consists of the low-impedance shunt resistor 24, which is connected in series between the PV module 1 and the adjacent PV module 1 (of the same strand 2); the operational amplifier 25, with which determines the voltage drop across the shunt resistor 24, amplified and compared with voltage reference values; and the temperature compensation circuit 26, which provides temperature dependent voltage reference values for the operational amplifier 25.
- Fig. 4 is also a series connection of three PV modules 1 with control units 3 (the first of the three PV modules 1 associated control unit 3 is indicated by the dashed line), in the event of an accident, the total voltage of the strand 2, not as in the previous example by clocked parallel switching a low-resistance load 17, but by electrically separating the individual PV modules 1 from the respective strand 2, to a harmless value (eg., Below a predetermined limit) is lowered.
- the separation of the individual PV modules 1 from each other is effected by the module disconnector 21, designed as a semiconductor switch or relay.
- the base load resistor 23 is required for the operation of a semiconductor switch.
- a capacitor 22 is connected in parallel with the module disconnector 21 (with the module disconnector 21 open, the individual PV modules still remain connected via a respective capacitor 22), so that the control units 3 are reset via the existing wiring of the PV - Plant AC signals or pulse trains can be sent to the control units 3.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2011291132A AU2011291132A1 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2011-07-25 | Method for controlling individual photovoltaic modules in a photovoltaic installation, and control device |
| CA2806805A CA2806805A1 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2011-07-25 | Method for controlling individual photovoltaic modules in a photovoltaic installation, and control device |
| CN2011800382621A CN103081269A (zh) | 2010-08-03 | 2011-07-25 | 光伏设备的单个光伏模块的控制方法和控制设备 |
| EP11769768.0A EP2601719A2 (de) | 2010-08-03 | 2011-07-25 | Verfahren zur steuerung einzelner photovoltaik-module einer photovoltaik-anlage und steuereinrichtung |
| US13/757,115 US20130154380A1 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2013-02-01 | Method for Controlling Individual Photovoltaic Modules of a Photovoltaic System |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010036816.4 | 2010-08-03 | ||
| DE201010036816 DE102010036816A1 (de) | 2010-08-03 | 2010-08-03 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung und Steuerung einer Photovoltaik-Anlage |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/757,115 Continuation US20130154380A1 (en) | 2010-08-03 | 2013-02-01 | Method for Controlling Individual Photovoltaic Modules of a Photovoltaic System |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012022345A2 true WO2012022345A2 (de) | 2012-02-23 |
| WO2012022345A3 WO2012022345A3 (de) | 2012-06-14 |
| WO2012022345A4 WO2012022345A4 (de) | 2012-08-09 |
Family
ID=44718975
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2011/075176 Ceased WO2012022345A2 (de) | 2010-08-03 | 2011-07-25 | Verfahren zur steuerung einzelner photovoltaik-module einer photovoltaik-anlage und steuereinrichtung |
| PCT/DE2011/075177 Ceased WO2012022346A2 (de) | 2010-08-03 | 2011-07-25 | Verfahren zur überwachung einer photovoltaik-anlage und überwachungseinrichtung |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2011/075177 Ceased WO2012022346A2 (de) | 2010-08-03 | 2011-07-25 | Verfahren zur überwachung einer photovoltaik-anlage und überwachungseinrichtung |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130154380A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2601719A2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN103081269A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2011291132A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2806805A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102010036816A1 (de) |
| WO (2) | WO2012022345A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010053004A1 (de) | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-31 | Jürgen Tscheppe | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung und Steuerung einer Photovoltaik-Anlage |
| DE102011017352A1 (de) | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-18 | Jürgen Tscheppe | Verfahren und Anlage zur Überwachung und Steuerung einer Fotovoltaikanlage |
| ITMI20120778A1 (it) * | 2012-05-08 | 2013-11-09 | Sistemi Fotovoltaici Com S R L | Sistema di monitoraggio di un impianto solare fotovoltaico |
| AT512993B1 (de) * | 2012-06-12 | 2017-08-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | Wechselrichter einer Photovoltaik-Anlage und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben |
| DE202012007257U1 (de) * | 2012-07-26 | 2013-10-28 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum sicheren Schalten einer Photovoltaikanlage |
| EP2880454B1 (de) | 2012-08-03 | 2021-06-30 | SMA Solar Technology AG | Verteilte ableit- und fehlerstromerfassung sowie stringfehlererkennung |
| DE102012110687A1 (de) | 2012-08-27 | 2014-05-15 | Newtos Ag | Verfahren zur Lichtbogenerkennung in Photovoltaikanlagen |
| DE102013101314A1 (de) | 2013-02-11 | 2014-08-14 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sichere Photovoltaik-Anlage |
| ITRM20130412A1 (it) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-13 | Enersis S R L En E Sistemi | Impianto con sistema antifurto per cavi elettrici. |
| US10388802B2 (en) | 2015-07-06 | 2019-08-20 | SolarOff Systems, LLC | System and method for synchronized rapid shutdown of electrical devices |
| DE102015114755A1 (de) | 2015-09-03 | 2017-03-09 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sichere Photovoltaik-Anlage |
| DE102018007255A1 (de) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-03-19 | Marco Honsberg | Schaltungsanordnung einer Fotovoltaikpanelanordnung |
| CN112462176B (zh) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-06-28 | 丰郅(上海)新能源科技有限公司 | 支持检测光伏系统直流电弧故障的装置及方法 |
| DE102022102030A1 (de) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-03 | Wavelabs Solar Metrology Systems Gmbh | Solarzellentestverfahren, solarzellentestvorrichtung und computerlesbares medium |
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2010
- 2010-08-03 DE DE201010036816 patent/DE102010036816A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-07-25 WO PCT/DE2011/075176 patent/WO2012022345A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-07-25 CA CA2806805A patent/CA2806805A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-07-25 WO PCT/DE2011/075177 patent/WO2012022346A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-07-25 AU AU2011291132A patent/AU2011291132A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-07-25 EP EP11769768.0A patent/EP2601719A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-25 CN CN2011800382621A patent/CN103081269A/zh active Pending
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2013
- 2013-02-01 US US13/757,115 patent/US20130154380A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| DE102007048914A1 (de) | 2007-10-09 | 2009-04-16 | Roland Sailer | Solargeneratoranordnung |
| DE102008008505A1 (de) | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | PV-Teilgenerator-Anschlusskasten für eine PV-Anlage sowie PV-Anlage mit einer Vielzahl derartiger PV-Teilgenerator-Anschlusskästen |
| DE102008052037B3 (de) | 2008-10-16 | 2010-04-08 | Moeller Gmbh | Solarmodul |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2012022345A4 (de) | 2012-08-09 |
| CN103081269A (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
| DE102010036816A1 (de) | 2012-02-09 |
| EP2601719A2 (de) | 2013-06-12 |
| AU2011291132A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
| CA2806805A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
| WO2012022346A2 (de) | 2012-02-23 |
| WO2012022345A3 (de) | 2012-06-14 |
| WO2012022346A3 (de) | 2012-06-14 |
| US20130154380A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
| WO2012022346A9 (de) | 2012-08-02 |
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