WO2012027767A1 - Verfahren zur ligningewinnung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur ligningewinnung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012027767A1 WO2012027767A1 PCT/AT2011/000357 AT2011000357W WO2012027767A1 WO 2012027767 A1 WO2012027767 A1 WO 2012027767A1 AT 2011000357 W AT2011000357 W AT 2011000357W WO 2012027767 A1 WO2012027767 A1 WO 2012027767A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- lignin
- digestion
- alcohol
- degradation
- straw
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07G—COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
- C07G1/00—Low-molecular-weight derivatives of lignin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining lignin from lignocellulosic material by digestion with alcohol, in particular with a Ci ⁇ alcohol, water and a base.
- Lignocellulose consists of the ultrastructurally crosslinked, main polymer components cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which often make up about 85-90% of the raw material. The remainder can be summarized under the term extractives.
- biorefineries The task of biorefineries is the cleavage of the components present as polymers and their separation into individual product streams as well as their further processing into higher value products.
- biorefineries should be mentioned in the biochemical platform.
- the profitability of such biorefineries largely depends on what value added can be achieved from the product streams. This in turn is massively influenced by the purity of the individual product streams, since downstream separation processes can be difficult and costly. So ideally, a process can be considered in which the cleavage of the individual main components is as selective as possible.
- the amount and quality of the lignin obtained has a strong influence on the added value of the entire process. Lignin is gaining much economic importance as a substitute for petrochemical aromatics.
- Biorefineries can pursue different goals, which are determined by the particular chemical pulping principle and the degree of selectivity achieved thereby. Examples include the production of bio-alcohol and pulp.
- bioalcohol has the lowest requirements for digestion and separation processes.
- the main goal is the accessibility of the substrate for the To improve cellulase and hemicellualase enzyme complexes in order to hydrolyze the sugars required for ethanol production.
- This can already be achieved by weak delignification with partial depolymerization of the hemicellulose by so-called "steame explosion" processes
- steame explosion processes
- the hemicellulose becomes about at temperatures near 200 ° C.
- the cellulose and residual hemicellulose may be fermented to ethanol after enzymatic hydrolysis, lignin is plasticized, condenses into droplets and is unsuitable for further chemical use, serving as a thermal energy source in other similar processes (ENREL, IOGEN, SEKAB) acid is added to increase the degree of digestion and thus the ethanol yield (Technical Report NREL / TP-510-46214, August 2009).
- Hemicellulose loss to achieve high yields is achieved mainly by alkaline methods.
- the best known alkaline digestion process is the sulphate or "kraft" process, which is digested with caustic soda and sodium sulphite, and the process proceeds at 170 ° C using high concentrations of NaOH (18-24% by weight of wood pulp TG) 5) and is optimized for the production of tear-resistant, light pulps.
- the resulting sulphate lignin is partially highly condensed by repolymerization reactions in the course of the cooking and also contains about 2% sulfur, whereby its application as a chemical raw material is very limited.
- the recently developed lignoboost process P.
- the second largest source of engineering lignins is the sulfite pulp process, which digests wood at acidic pH with Ca or Mg sulfite.
- the resulting lignosulfonate is also condensed and sulfur-containing, but due to its water solubility it is suitable for a wider range of applications.
- high alkalinity is already at about 100 ° C, an intensive degradation of hemicellulose and at the same time begins the so-called "peeling" reaction, which in turn initiates a degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose from the reducing end and with increasing
- Pulp production were not competitive, re-examined for their efficiency as a biorefinery, where other criteria have to be met. While pulp cookings are designed to maximize delignification while preserving the quality of the fibers, while accepting chemical transformations of hemicellulose cleavage products as well as lignin condensation reactions, an ideal biorefinery process strives to provide the main components of the process
- Lignocellulose and in particular the lignin, or its cleavage products in the most native state to win are aimed at obtaining the lignocellulose main components or their cleavage products in separate fractions. Since chemical reactions in lignocellulosic digestion are always associated with unwanted side reactions, the goal of an ideal biorefinery should be to keep these side reactions as low as possible.
- Biorefinery concepts differ essentially in the selection of the chemical principle for carrying out this first step and the inevitable consequences for the further production of the product streams.
- the solvents used were predominantly alcohols, such as ethanol or methanol, which were intended primarily to increase the solubility of lignin, while acids, alkalis, sulphite or sulphide or oxidative reactions continued to act as actual digestion chemicals (H.
- Organosolv processes can be distinguished: acidic and basic.
- An acidic process is e.g. The Allcell process, which was adopted and further developed by LIGNOL (C. Arato, E.K. Pye, G Gjennestad, 2005, The Lignol approach to biorefining of woody biomass to produce ethanol and chemicals; Appl. Biochem.
- Hemicellulose cleaved to soluble oligo- and monosaccharides Part of the pentoses is oxidized to furfural under the reaction conditions. Lignin is also partially hydrolyzed and falls together with the other degradation products in the cooking liquor, from which the degradation products are then recovered. The other unhydrolyzed part remains in the solid and is enzymatically hydrolyzed to sugars and fermented to ethanol. The remaining in the solid lignin (20-25% of the original) falls as a fermentation residue and can only be burned.
- the amount of lignite obtained is relatively low and lignin degradation can not be decoupled from hemicellulose degradation. Due to the relatively poor lignin degradation, a pulp with a residual lignin content, which would require a considerable bleaching effort in the case of use as a chemical raw material and is unsuitable for this use. It is also primarily intended for use as a raw material for the production of bioalcohol.
- the organocell process for pulp cooking was developed in industrial applications until the 1990s (N. Zier, 1996, Structural features of an organosolv lignin with variation of parameters, Dissertation Dresden University of Technology).
- the process is carried out in two stages, starting with an alcohol-water (30:70) impregnation at 110-140 ° C and subsequent boiling at 165-170 ° C with the addition of 30% NaOH and 0.1% anthraquinone, based on the dry weight of the substrate.
- the process was suitable for the decomposition of deciduous and coniferous wood, as well as for annual plants.
- the pulp quality was comparable to kraft pulp and could be bleached with chlorine free oxygen.
- High lignin degradation rates are mainly achieved with basic processes.
- the previously used digestion processes always use high caustic soda concentrations at high temperatures. This causes on the one hand a chemical change of the lignin by condensation reactions, whereby the quality of the lignin is reduced and on the other hand, the lignin degradation can not be decoupled from the hemicellulose degradation, so that mixed product streams arise. This also applies to the previously used Organossolv method.
- An ideal biorefinery process should therefore have the highest possible lignin degradation rates with the lowest possible use of chemicals, produce a native lignin and the
- the digestion is carried out with a large amount of base, based on the dry weight of the lignocellulosic material to be digested, namely 20 parts of base per 100 parts of lignocellulosic material,
- Philips & Goss M Philips and MJ Goss (1934) The Chemistry of Lignin; IX; Lignin from barley straw; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 56, 2770)
- the example shows that if the NaOH concentration is too high, the effect of ethanol which protects against hemicellulose degradation is lost.
- the relatively high lignin degradation with only 2 hours reaction time is mainly explained by the minimum grain size of the straw. However, the production of such small particles is completely uneconomical due to the high energy consumption.
- the present invention provides a process for recovering lignin from lignocellulosic material by digestion with alcohol, especially with a C ⁇ . 4 alcohol, water and a base, in particular NaOH, at a temperature of less than 100 ° C, in particular from 40 ° C to 90 ° C, in particular from 50 ° C to 70 ° C available, which is characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base, in particular 4 to 10 parts of base, particularly preferably 5 to 8 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be digested.
- alcohol especially with a C ⁇ . 4 alcohol, water and a base, in particular NaOH, at a temperature of less than 100 ° C, in particular from 40 ° C to 90 ° C, in particular from 50 ° C to 70 ° C available, which is characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base, in particular 4 to 10 parts of base, particularly preferably 5 to 8 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulo
- a method provided by the present invention is also referred to herein as a "method according to the present invention".
- Base amounts for example NaOH
- the process according to the present invention is also more economical than described, since complicated separation processes for the separation of large quantities of hemicellulose
- Cleavage products (xylose, xylooligosaccharides) are avoided.
- the small amount of residual lignin remaining in the solid due to the high lignin degradation rates also substantially improves the conditions for efficient enzymatic recovery of xylose or xylooligosaccharides from xylan as well as from glucose from cellulose, which are also sought in the production of bioalcohol and other fermentation products.
- the entire value chain of lignin, xylan and cellulose is economically influenced in a positive sense.
- the lignin digestion in a process according to the present invention is carried out at a temperature of below 100.degree. C., preferably from 40.degree. C. to 90.degree. C., more preferably from 50.degree. C. to 70.degree.
- an inorganic base such as an inorganic hydroxide, especially a hydroxide of an alkali metal, e.g. As KOH or preferably NaOH used.
- the alcohol preferred is an aliphatic alcohol such as a C 1-6 alcohol, more preferably a C alcohol such as Ethanol, isopropanol used.
- a C alcohol such as Ethanol
- isopropanol used.
- ethanol is used, in another preferred embodiment isopropanol as alcohol.
- the present invention provides the use of
- lignocellulosic material in particular in a digestion process, in particular, wherein the process is carried out in an alkaline medium, in particular the use of isopropopanol as alcohol in a process according to the present invention.
- the present invention provides a process for obtaining lignin from lignocellulosic material, which is characterized in that isopropanol is used as alcohol, in particular a digestion process, in particular, the process being carried out in an alkaline medium, in particular Process according to the present invention.
- Alcohol is in an aqueous solution in the inventive method preferably in an amount of 10 to 70 vol%, z. B. 20 to 50 vol%, preferably from 30 to 40 vol% before.
- the lignocellulosic material in the namely, aqueous solution is preferably present in a consistency of 3-40% by weight, such as 5-40% by weight, in particular 5-20% by weight.
- the volume ratio of water to alcohol is in a range of not less than 10:90, more preferably in a range of 10:90 to 90:10, particularly 20:80 to 40:60, or in one range of 60:40 or above, especially 60:40 to 90:10.
- lignocellulosic material lignin-containing, organic material is used, preferably annual plants, such as (dry) grasses, or parts of grass or hardwood, preferably grasses, straw, energy grasses, such. Switchgrass, elephant grass or abaca, sisal, bagasse or atypical lignocellulosic substrates such as husks, e.g. Lemmas, such as rice husks, preferably straw, energy grasses bagasse or husks, particularly preferably straw or bagasse, z. B. straw, such as wheat straw used.
- the digestion time is preferably 2 hours to 36 hours, more preferably 3 to 18 hours.
- a process according to the present invention is preferably carried out such that the lignocellulose content of the digestion solution is in a range from 5% to 40% by weight, in particular from 10 to 20% by weight.
- the ideal solids concentration for a particular digestion target can be determined by preliminary experiments.
- the lignin dissolved in the digestion in a process according to the present invention is preferably separated from the solid. e.g. by filtration, centrifuging. Due to the low lignin content, the xylan remaining in the substrate can be almost completely decomposed and recovered in a further, pure product stream to form sugars and / or oligosaccharides.
- the combination of the parameters NaOH concentration, temperature, duration, substance density and alcohol concentration can be either a maximum lignin yield of about 90% with low hemicellulose degradation (about 10%), or a lignin yield of about 70%. be achieved in less than 1% hemicellulose degradation. Even in the case of 90% lignin degradation at about 10% hemicellulose degradation, the selectivity of the method of the invention far exceeds the selectivity of the previously described methods.
- Solids concentration for each réelleumblede lignocellulose a desired lignin yield can be adjusted.
- regression models for digestion data can be created for the particular lignocellulose to be digested, from which the optimum percent composition of the digestion components and the optimal reaction parameters can be selected for the respectively desired lignin content of the solid obtained after digestion.
- the creation of such regression models can be done with statistical experimental design.
- the digestion parameters are preferably selected for each lignocellulose to be digested in such a way that the highest added value results from the amount of lignin obtained and the solids obtained from the products of the lignin solution after separation. That is, the setting of the specified parameters is such that optimum amounts of higher quality products are obtained from the digested material according to the present invention.
- One of the preferred variants aims at ensuring that the recovered lignin contains the lowest possible concentration of products derived from hemicellulose cleavage.
- the present invention provides a process for achieving a desired degree of delignification of the solid obtained after separation of the liquid phase in lignocellulose lignin recovery by digestion with alcohol, water and a caustic below 100 ° C, characterized in that the percentage composition of the three digestion components alcohol, water and lye and the reaction parameters temperature, digestion time and solids concentration are chosen according to the desired lignin content of the solid obtained after digestion after separation of the liquid phase; it is preferred that regression models for digestion data are prepared for each of the lignocellulose to be digested, from which the optimal percentage composition of the digestion components and the optimal reaction parameters can be selected for the respectively desired lignin content of the solid after digestion, wherein the regression models are preferably generated according to statistical experimental design , example 1
- Wheat straw (21.0% by weight lignin content, 20.9% by weight xylan content - this corresponds to 238 g hydrolyzed xylose per kg wheat straw) was comminuted to a particle size of 2 mm with an ultracentrifugal mill. The straw was suspended in a mixture of water, ethanol, NaOH and digested with stirring at a constant temperature.
- the solids content (FG) of the wheat straw in the digestion solution hiss 5 and 10 mass% varied, the temperature between 30 and 70 ° C, the amount of liquor between 4 and 8 wt% based on the solid, Alcohol concentration of the digestion solution was set between 0 and 80% by volume, the digestion time between one and 24 hours.
- Example 1 wheat straw with a particle size of 2 mm was used.
- the wheat straw was suspended in a mixture of isopropanol, water and NaOH and digested with stirring at a constant temperature of 70 ° C for 18 hours.
- the solids content in the digestion solution was 5 percent by mass.
- digestions were carried out both with 30% by volume and with 60% by volume of isopropanol.
- the amount of alkali was 8% by weight, based on the solids.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Compounds Of Unknown Constitution (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (18)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| UAA201303873A UA110946C2 (uk) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-01-09 | Спосіб одержання лігніну |
| EA201390329A EA023028B1 (ru) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Способ извлечения лигнина |
| NZ607303A NZ607303A (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Method for lignin recovery |
| KR1020137004570A KR20140005133A (ko) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | 리그닌 회수를 위한 방법 |
| CA2806618A CA2806618A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Preparation of lignin |
| BR112013005130A BR112013005130A2 (pt) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | método para obtenção de lignina |
| MYPI2013700298A MY184997A (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Preparation of lignin |
| PH1/2013/500382A PH12013500382A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Method for lignin recovery |
| CN201180042618.9A CN103068888B (zh) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | 用于制备木质素的方法 |
| EP11757740.3A EP2611820B1 (de) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Verfahren zur ligningewinnung |
| US13/820,319 US9487549B2 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Preparation of lignin |
| MX2013002140A MX2013002140A (es) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Metodo para recuperar lignina. |
| CUP2013000029A CU24271B1 (es) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Método para la preparación de lignina |
| JP2013526270A JP6148981B2 (ja) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | リグニンの回収方法 |
| AU2011295614A AU2011295614B2 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Method for lignin recovery |
| ZA2013/00777A ZA201300777B (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2013-01-25 | Method for lignin recovery |
| IL225011A IL225011A (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2013-02-28 | METHOD FOR RECOGNIZING LIGININ |
| US15/344,238 US20170073365A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2016-11-04 | Preparation of lignin |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0147610A AT510346A1 (de) | 2010-09-02 | 2010-09-02 | Ligningewinnung |
| ATA1476/2010 | 2010-09-02 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/820,319 A-371-Of-International US9487549B2 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Preparation of lignin |
| US15/344,238 Division US20170073365A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2016-11-04 | Preparation of lignin |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012027767A1 true WO2012027767A1 (de) | 2012-03-08 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT2011/000357 Ceased WO2012027767A1 (de) | 2010-09-02 | 2011-09-01 | Verfahren zur ligningewinnung |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9487549B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2611820B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP6148981B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20140005133A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN103068888B (de) |
| AR (1) | AR082866A1 (de) |
| AT (1) | AT510346A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2011295614B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR112013005130A2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2806618A1 (de) |
| CL (1) | CL2013000425A1 (de) |
| CU (1) | CU24271B1 (de) |
| EA (1) | EA023028B1 (de) |
| IL (1) | IL225011A (de) |
| MX (1) | MX2013002140A (de) |
| MY (1) | MY184997A (de) |
| NZ (1) | NZ607303A (de) |
| PE (1) | PE20131195A1 (de) |
| PH (1) | PH12013500382A1 (de) |
| UA (1) | UA110946C2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2012027767A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201300777B (de) |
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| EP2597100A1 (de) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-05-29 | Annikki GmbH | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von niedermolekularem Lignin (NML) |
| CN103320477A (zh) * | 2013-07-01 | 2013-09-25 | 南京林业大学 | 一种油茶壳综合利用方法 |
| WO2013164234A1 (de) | 2012-05-03 | 2013-11-07 | Annikki Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von zellstoff mit niedrigem ligningehalt aus lignocellulosischem material |
| US8617851B2 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2013-12-31 | Cellulose Sciences International, Inc. | Highly disordered cellulose |
| EP2711396A1 (de) | 2012-09-19 | 2014-03-26 | Annikki GmbH | Copolymerisierbare Lignin-Derivate |
| JP2014208803A (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-11-06 | ロイス・ドットコム株式会社 | リグニン回収方法 |
| WO2015075080A1 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2015-05-28 | Annikki Gmbh | Process for fractionating lignocellulosics |
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| WO2018069168A1 (de) * | 2016-10-11 | 2018-04-19 | Clariant International Ltd | Verfahren zur gewinnung von cellulose, hemicellulose und lignin aus lignocellulose aus pflanzlicher biomasse |
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| US20150051385A1 (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2015-02-19 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Liquid / Liquid Separation of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Produce Sugar Syrups and Lignin Fractions |
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| US9187571B2 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2015-11-17 | Cellulose Sciences International, Inc. | Nano-deaggregated cellulose |
| WO2012109651A1 (en) * | 2011-02-11 | 2012-08-16 | Cellulose Sciences International, Inc. | Simultaneous delignification and deaggregation of biomass |
| EP2597100A1 (de) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-05-29 | Annikki GmbH | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von niedermolekularem Lignin (NML) |
| US9714264B2 (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2017-07-25 | Annikki Gmbh | Method for working up an aqueous lignin containing solution |
| WO2013164234A1 (de) | 2012-05-03 | 2013-11-07 | Annikki Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung von zellstoff mit niedrigem ligningehalt aus lignocellulosischem material |
| EP2711396A1 (de) | 2012-09-19 | 2014-03-26 | Annikki GmbH | Copolymerisierbare Lignin-Derivate |
| JP2014208803A (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-11-06 | ロイス・ドットコム株式会社 | リグニン回収方法 |
| CN103320477A (zh) * | 2013-07-01 | 2013-09-25 | 南京林业大学 | 一种油茶壳综合利用方法 |
| CN103320477B (zh) * | 2013-07-01 | 2016-03-09 | 南京林业大学 | 一种油茶壳综合利用方法 |
| US10077283B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2018-09-18 | Annikki Gmbh | Process for fractionating lignocellulosics |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR112013005130A2 (pt) | 2016-05-10 |
| EA023028B1 (ru) | 2016-04-29 |
| AT510346A1 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
| US20170073365A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
| JP2013541512A (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
| NZ607303A (en) | 2015-01-30 |
| CL2013000425A1 (es) | 2013-10-18 |
| AR082866A1 (es) | 2013-01-16 |
| CU24271B1 (es) | 2017-08-08 |
| US9487549B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
| IL225011A (en) | 2017-09-28 |
| CA2806618A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
| AU2011295614B2 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
| CN103068888A (zh) | 2013-04-24 |
| PE20131195A1 (es) | 2013-10-20 |
| MX2013002140A (es) | 2013-04-03 |
| CU20130029A7 (es) | 2013-05-31 |
| PH12013500382A1 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
| CN103068888B (zh) | 2017-08-08 |
| EP2611820B1 (de) | 2017-06-07 |
| JP6148981B2 (ja) | 2017-06-14 |
| MY184997A (en) | 2021-04-30 |
| ZA201300777B (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| EP2611820A1 (de) | 2013-07-10 |
| UA110946C2 (uk) | 2016-03-10 |
| KR20140005133A (ko) | 2014-01-14 |
| EA201390329A1 (ru) | 2013-07-30 |
| AU2011295614A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
| US20130217868A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
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