WO2012027961A1 - 一种锂空气电池空气电极及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种锂空气电池空气电极及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2012027961A1
WO2012027961A1 PCT/CN2011/001468 CN2011001468W WO2012027961A1 WO 2012027961 A1 WO2012027961 A1 WO 2012027961A1 CN 2011001468 W CN2011001468 W CN 2011001468W WO 2012027961 A1 WO2012027961 A1 WO 2012027961A1
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Prior art keywords
current collector
catalyst
air electrode
lithium
electrode
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English (en)
French (fr)
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温兆银
崔言明
刘宇
吴相伟
张敬超
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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Priority to KR1020137008349A priority Critical patent/KR101602337B1/ko
Priority to EP11820991.5A priority patent/EP2613389B1/en
Priority to US13/979,803 priority patent/US9705165B2/en
Publication of WO2012027961A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012027961A1/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • C25D13/12Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process characterised by the article coated
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/08Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605Porous electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8803Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/8807Gas diffusion layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/8853Electrodeposition
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H01M4/8846Impregnation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/86Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9016Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the design and preparation technology of a kind of air electrode which can be used for a lithium air battery, and belongs to the field of chemical power sources. Background technique
  • Lithium-ion batteries currently in use have limited space for further research due to their structural limitations and limited space. Therefore, a new battery system must be sought as a substitute.
  • lithium-air battery is a strong candidate. Its positive active material oxygen is not stored in the battery, but is provided by the air in the environment. The theoretical energy density can reach 13200Wh/kg, which is the highest battery in the past. It has gradually become a hot spot in research at home and abroad.
  • the air electrode is mainly composed of a catalyst, a catalyst carrier and a binder.
  • the insoluble discharge product (lithium oxide or lithium peroxide) is deposited in the pores of the air electrode microstructure (mainly the carrier material), blocks the air electrode, and blocks the contact of the electrolyte with oxygen, causing the discharge to terminate, affecting its actual capacity.
  • the catalytic activity of the catalyst determines the charge and discharge cycle performance of the battery. It is of great significance to study the application of air electrode microstructures to the application of lithium-air batteries.
  • the research on the air electrode of lithium air battery is mainly divided into two major directions: designing a new structure air electrode and preparing a highly active catalyst.
  • the novel structure is designed to maximize the amount of insoluble discharge products that can be accommodated during discharge or to reduce the amount of inactive materials in the air battery, thereby maximizing the capacity per unit mass of air electrode, i.e., the maximum specific capacity. It is generally possible to increase the specific capacity of a battery by preparing a high-porosity carbon material as a carrier, such as Xia Yongyao (Material Chemistry).
  • a first object of the present invention is to obtain a lithium air electrode which can greatly improve the performance of a lithium air battery.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a lithium air electrode which can greatly improve the performance of a lithium air battery.
  • a third object of the present invention is to obtain a lithium air battery having greatly improved performance.
  • a lithium air battery air electrode is provided, the air electrode comprising: - a current collector,
  • the lithium air battery air electrode includes a current collector and a catalyst supported in situ on the current collector, excluding a binder.
  • the lithium air battery air electrode consists of a current collector and a catalyst supported in situ on the current collector.
  • the current collector has a porosity of 90%.
  • Ppi pore/i nch hole number / inch
  • the ppi value is 100-140.
  • the current collector has a three-dimensional network structure.
  • the current collector is selected from a porous current collector having an electron conductivity of 5 to 64 (MS/m), an oxidative reduction potential of -250 to 1 (V), and a metal. Material conductivity tester and standard electrode potential method;
  • a porous metal current collector preferably a foam metal Ni current collector, a foam Ti current collector, a foam Au current collector or a foam Pt current collector;
  • a porous non-metallic current collector preferably a foam C current collector or a porous Si current collector.
  • the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of an oxygen evolution potential range of 3. 1V-4. 5V and an oxygen reduction reaction potential range of 2. 5V-3. IV, as measured by cyclic voltammetry.
  • the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of one or more of the following electrochemically active materials:
  • a metal element preferably Pt, Au, Ag, Au, Co, Zn, V, Cr, Pd, Rh, Cd, Nb, Mo, Ir, 0s, Ru, Ni or a combination thereof; or a metal element as described above Alloy
  • (II) a single metal oxide, specifically, for example, Co 3 0 4 , Mn0 2 , Mn 2 0 3 , Co0, Zn0, V 2 0 5 , Mo0, Cr, Fe 3 0 4 , Fe 2 0 3 , Fe0, Cu0, NiO or a combination thereof;
  • a metal composite oxide specifically, for example, a spinel type, a pyrochlore type, a perovskite type or a combination thereof.
  • the catalyst is Co 3 0 4 .
  • the catalyst loading is 1-lOmg/l cni 2 current collector
  • the volume equivalent diameter of the catalyst is
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing a lithium air battery air electrode, comprising: (a) providing a current collector;
  • the catalyst is supported on the current collector by in-situ compounding.
  • the following method is included: (al) subjecting the porous current collector to surface pretreatment;
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the composite precursor obtained in (b) is phased at a certain temperature, and then subjected to vacuum drying or the like for subsequent treatment.
  • in situ recombination is carried out using a solvothermal method, a templating method, an electrophoretic deposition method, an electroplating deposition method, or an electrostatic spray deposition method.
  • the solvothermal method comprises: hydrothermal method, organic solvothermal method.
  • the template method includes: an alumina template method, a surfactant soft template method, and the like.
  • the electrophoretic deposition method includes: a constant-speed electrophoretic deposition method, an isoelectric focusing electrophoretic deposition method, or the like.
  • the electroplating method includes: a potentiostatic plating method, a cyclic voltammetry plating method, and a constant current plating method.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides a lithium air battery comprising the lithium air battery air electrode of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the catalyst Co obtained in Example 1 deposited on a current collector Ni.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the first charge and discharge curves of the composite electrode obtained in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph showing changes in the charge-discharge specific capacity of the composite electrode obtained in Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Example 1, as a function of the number of cycles.
  • the inventors have conducted extensive and intensive research to unexpectedly obtain a lithium air electrode which greatly improves the performance of a lithium air battery by improving the preparation process.
  • the present invention has been completed on this basis.
  • the technical idea of the present invention is as follows:
  • the inventors have explored the root cause of the fact that the actual specific capacity of a lithium-air battery is limited by the air electrode, and propose a novel air electrode structure.
  • the air electrode is composed only of the catalyst and the current collector, and no other inactive substances are used.
  • the solution of the invention utilizes various techniques to directly and uniformly deposit a catalyst of various forms of high performance electrochemical catalytic oxygen reaction onto a current collector as a positive electrode of a lithium air battery without using any carrier and binder. Minimize the amount of non-active substances in the air electrode on the premise of ensuring the catalyst content
  • the air electrode of the composite structure contains all the mass of the air electrode, air electrode of the composite structure at 0. lmA / C m 2 the first discharge capacity of l OOOmAh / g or more, after several cycles reversible capacity of 1800 mAh / g, at 0. At 02 mA/cm 2 , a specific capacity of up to 3218 mAh/g was obtained; under the same catalyst, the new catalyst current collector composite structure air electrode significantly reduced the platform voltage when the lithium air battery was charged.
  • the various techniques used in the preparation of materials are simple to operate and suitable for large-scale production.
  • the "in-situ recombination" means in situ reaction formation on the surface of the support and simultaneous loading of the catalyst.
  • the in-situ composite structure allows the current collector to form an electrode with the catalyst in an integrated design.
  • the catalyst is uniformly distributed on the surface of the carrier, the catalyst may be fibrous, or may be expanded into a tubular shape, a rod shape or a needle shape, etc., and the catalyst and the current collector together form a porous structure.
  • the "three-dimensional network structure” means that the channel structure is uniformly distributed in the three-dimensional space.
  • the "lithium air battery” refers to a lithium air battery in which metal Li is used as a negative electrode, oxygen in the air is used as a positive electrode, and an organic electrolyte is used.
  • the organic electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it does not limit the object of the invention.
  • the organic electrolytes are known to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise defined or indicated, all professional and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those skilled in the art. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described can be used in the methods of the present invention. The various aspects of the invention are described in detail below, and various materials of the invention may be obtained commercially, unless otherwise specified; or prepared according to conventional methods in the art - current collectors
  • the current collector of the present invention may use a commercially available current collector, including but not limited to: Changsha Liyuan New Material Stock Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd.'s continuous strip foam nickel, Heze Tianyu Technology Development Co., Ltd. continuous foam nickel; the current collector can also be prepared by the method of literature publicly, such as Niu Wenjuan, etc., foam titanium and its alloy preparation method Research progress, Metallurgical Industry, or Journal of Power Sources 195 (2010) 7438-7744.
  • a commercially available current collector including but not limited to: Changsha Liyuan New Material Stock Co., Ltd. Co., Ltd.'s continuous strip foam nickel, Heze Tianyu Technology Development Co., Ltd. continuous foam nickel; the current collector can also be prepared by the method of literature publicly, such as Niu Wenjuan, etc., foam titanium and its alloy preparation method Research progress, Metallurgical Industry, or Journal of Power Sources 195 (2010) 7438-7744.
  • the current collector is selected from a current collector having a three-dimensional network structure.
  • the measurement standard is GB national standard for foam (for example, the national standard for foamed nickel).
  • the porosity, ppi pore/i nch number of holes / inch.
  • the pore size is determined by the GB national standard for foam materials (for example, the national standard for foamed nickel).
  • the ppi is 100-140.
  • the current collector is selected from a porous current collector having an electron conductivity of 5 to 64 (MS/m unit), an oxidative reduction potential of -0.20 to -IV, and a conductivity tester for a metal material. Determined with the standard electrode potential method.
  • a porous metal current collector preferably a foam metal Ni current collector, a foam Ti current collector, a foam Au current collector or a foam Pt current collector;
  • a porous non-metallic current collector preferably a foam C current collector or a porous Si current collector.
  • the catalyst of the present invention can employ a conventional lithium battery catalyst, and these lithium battery catalysts are commercially available.
  • the catalyst of the invention has good catalytic activity for both oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction.
  • the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of one or more of the following groups of electrochemically catalytically active materials -
  • a metal element preferably Pt, Au, Ag, Au, Co, Zn, V, Cr, Pd, Rh, Cd, Nb, Mo, Ir, 0s, Ru, Ni or a combination thereof; or a metal element as described above Alloy
  • ( ⁇ ) a single metal oxide specifically, for example, Co 3 0 4 , Mn0 2 , Mn 2 0 3 , Co0, Zn0, V 2 0 5 , Mo0, Cr 2 0 3 , Fe 3 0 4 , Fe 2 0 3 , Fe0 , Cu0, NiO or a combination thereof;
  • ( ⁇ ⁇ ) metal composite oxide specifically for example, spinel type, pyrochlore type, perovskite type or a combination thereof
  • the catalyst is Co 3 0 4 .
  • the loading of the catalyst depends on the design needs of the battery. Typically, the catalyst loading is from 1 to 1 mg/l cm 2 of current collector. (that is, the mass of catalyst supported on the current collector per unit area)
  • the catalyst is uniformly distributed on the surface of the carrier, and the catalyst may be fibrous or expanded to a tubular shape, a rod shape or a needle shape, and the catalyst and the current collector together form a porous structure.
  • the catalyst has a volume equivalent diameter of from 100 nm to 1000 nm. The volume equivalent diameter refers to a diameter when the irregular shape is assumed to have the same volume when it is regular.
  • the lithium air battery air electrode includes a current collector, and the catalyst supported in situ on the current collector does not include a binder. More preferably, the lithium air battery air electrode is composed of a current collector and a catalyst supported in situ on the current collector.
  • the inventors have found that by in-situ composite loading of the catalyst on the current collector, the cycle efficiency of the battery can be improved, for example, the plateau voltage during charging of the lithium air battery is significantly reduced, and the platform voltage at the time of discharge is increased.
  • the lithium air battery air electrode of the present invention comprising:
  • the invention also provides a method for preparing a lithium air battery air electrode, comprising:
  • the catalyst is supported on the current collector by in-situ compounding.
  • the following method is included:
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the composite precursor obtained in (b) is phased, and then subjected to a subsequent treatment such as vacuum drying.
  • the precursor of the catalyst is known to those skilled in the art, for example, a soluble salt having a catalyst ion, including a nitrate, a carbonate, a phosphate, and the like.
  • the in-situ compounding process is known to those skilled in the art as long as the catalyst is combined in situ on the current collector.
  • in-situ recombination is carried out by solvothermal method, templating method, electrophoretic deposition method, electroplating deposition method or electrostatic spray deposition method.
  • the solvothermal method comprises: hydrothermal, organic solvent heat, and the like.
  • the template method includes: an alumina template method, a surfactant soft template method, and the like.
  • the electrophoretic deposition method includes: a constant-speed electrophoretic deposition method, an isoelectric focusing electrophoretic deposition method, or the like.
  • the electroplating method includes: a potentiostatic plating method, a cyclic voltammetry plating method, and a constant current plating method.
  • the present invention also provides a lithium air battery comprising the lithium air battery air electrode of the present invention.
  • the lithium air battery may contain other permissible components such as a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and the like. These components are not specifically required as long as they do not limit the object of the invention.
  • the catalyst Co 3 0 4 was slurried with acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in a mass ratio of 19:11:15 in a methylpyrrolidone (P) medium, coated on a Ni mesh, and dried.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • P methylpyrrolidone
  • an electrode film was formed as a positive electrode.
  • the lithium metal foil is used as the negative electrode
  • the polypropylene film of Celgard Company of the United States is the separator
  • the 1M Li PF 6 /PC is used as the electrolyte.
  • the charge and discharge are performed at a current density of 0. ImA/cni 2 in a voltage range of 24.5 V.
  • the active material was the mass of all air electrodes except the foamed Ni mesh.
  • the experimental results obtained are shown in Table 1. Comparative example 2
  • An electrode was prepared in accordance with the method of Comparative Example 1 by using a catalyst of Co 3 0 4 and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in a mass ratio of 19:15.
  • the battery assembly and test conditions are the same as in Comparative Example 1.
  • the experimental results obtained are shown in Table 1. Comparative example 3
  • An electrode was prepared by the method of Comparative Example 1, by electrolyzing manganese dioxide (EMD) as a catalyst and acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) at a mass ratio of 19:11:15. Battery assembly and test conditions are the same as in comparison. The experimental results obtained are shown in Table 1.
  • EMD manganese dioxide
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • Example 2
  • Example 3 Obtained under the same conditions as Example 1.
  • the charge and discharge experiments were carried out.
  • the experimental results obtained are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from the data in Table 1, a very high specific capacity is obtained at a lower current density.
  • Example 3
  • Example 3 The same electrolyte and foam Ni mesh treatment, the same three-electrode system, cyclic voltammetry 0. 6 and 0. 3V ( vs SCE) 250 mV s" 1 electrolysis 15mi n, you can get nanorods Electrolytic Mn0 2 @ foam Ni mesh new composite structure air electrode. Battery assembly and test conditions are the same as in Comparative Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 1. The loading of the catalyst obtained in Example 5 is shown in Table 1, and the catalyst morphology is nanorod. The diameter is 200mn. It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that compared with Comparative Example 3, the discharge performance of the new composite structure air electrode is greatly improved, the specific capacity is significantly increased, and the same catalyst, the composite structure electrode The charging platform voltage is significantly lower than the proportional ratio.
  • Example 3 The same electrolyte and foam Ni mesh treatment, the same three-electrode system, cyclic voltammetry 0.4 and 0. IV ( vs SCE) 500 mV s - 1 electrolysis 15mi n, you can get nano-tubular A new composite structure air electrode for electrolytic Mn0 2 @ foam Ni mesh.
  • the battery assembly and test conditions were the same as in Comparative Example 1.
  • the test results are shown in Table 1.
  • the supported catalyst loading is shown in Table 1.
  • the catalyst morphology was nanotubular, with an outer diameter of 200 nm and an inner diameter of 150 nm.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种锂空气电池空气电极,所述空气电极包括:集流体,原位复合负载于所述集流体上的催化剂。本发明还提供锂空气电池空气电极的制备方法及其含有所述空气电极的锂空气电池。本发明的空气电极可大幅度提高锂空气电池性能。

Description

一种锂空气电池空气电极及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一类可用于锂空气电池的空气电极的设计及其制备技术,属于化 学电源领域。 背景技术
无论便携式电子产品还是电动汽车的发展,都迫切需要一种比现存的几种电 池体系更轻薄, 能量密度更高的储能电池来支持。 目前用的锂离子电池, 由于其 结构的限制, 比容量较低, 进一步研究的空间有限。 因此, 必须寻找新的电池体 系作为代替品。其中锂空气电池就是一种强有力的候选者,其正极活性物质氧气, 无需贮存在电池中, 而由环境中的空气提供, 理论能量密度可达到 13200Wh/kg, 是迄今为止电池中最高的, 逐渐成为国内外研究的热点。
但是, 锂空气电池的实际容量受空气电极的微结构所制约, 一般空气电极主 要由催化剂、 催化剂载体与粘结剂三部分组成。 不溶的放电产物 (氧化锂或过氧 化锂)会沉积在空气电极微结构的孔隙中(主要是载体材料), 阻塞空气电极, 隔 离了电解质与氧气的接触, 导致放电终止, 影响其实际容量。 另外催化剂的催化 活性会决定电池的充放电循环性能。研究空气电极微结构对锂空气电池的应用推 广非常有意义。
目前,针对以上两点,对锂空气电池空气电极的研究也主要分为两个大方向: 设计具有新型结构空气电极与制备高活性催化剂。设计新型的结构使电池在放电 时可容纳的不溶放电产物量达到极大,或减少空气电池中非活性物质的含量, 从 而使单位质量空气电极获得最大的容量, 即最大的比容量。一般可以通过制备高 孔隙率的碳材料作为载体来提高电池的比容量, 例如夏永姚等 (材料化学
" Chemi stry of Materials " 19 (2007) 2095- 2101)提出以有序介孔碳 CMK-3作 为催化剂载体, 但获得的比容量值有限。 空气电极中的催化剂, 虽然在充放电过 程中并不参与电池反应,但是在电池中起着举足轻重的作用, 不仅决定锂空气电 池充放电电压与充放电效率,还会影响电池的可逆性。一般可以通过制备对析氧 反应和氧还原反应都具有较高催化活性的催化剂,或者设计可使催化剂高度分散 的技术来提高锂空气电池的循环性能。 Yi -Chun Lu (美国化学会期刊 " Journal of Ameri can Chemi cal Soci ety " 2010 , ARTICLE IN PRESS)等提出以 Pt或者 Au
确 认 本 以及两者的合金作为催化剂, 虽然一定程度上降低了锂空气电池的充电电压,但 是由于催化剂的成本较高,难以应用于实用化的锂空气电池生产中。 因此设计一 种合适的空气电极成为开发高性能锂空气电池的关键和热点。
综上所述, 本领域缺乏一种可以使得锂空气电池的性能大幅度提高的锂空气 电极,本领域迫切需要幵发这种可使得锂空气电池的性能大幅度提高的锂空气电 极。 发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于获得一种可以使得锂空气电池的性能大幅度提高的锂 空气电极。
本发明的第二目的在于获得一种可以使得锂空气电池的性能大幅度提高的锂 空气电极的制备方法。
本发明的第三目的在于获得一种性能大幅度提高的锂空气电池。 在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种锂空气电池空气电极,所述空气电极包括: -集流体,
-原位复合负载于所述集流体上的催化剂。 在一优选例中, 催化剂均勾分布于载体的表面, 催化剂为纤维状、 管状、 棒 状或针状, 优选为纤维状。 催化剂与集流体两者共同形成多孔结构。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中,所述锂空气电池空气电极, 包括集流体和 原位复合负载于所述集流体上的催化剂, 不包括粘结剂。
更优选地,所述锂空气电池空气电极由集流体和原位复合负载于所述集流体 上的催化剂组成。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中, 所述集流体的孔隙率 90%,
ppi (pore/i nch 孔数 /英吋) =100〜300, 孔径 10〜500 μ πι。
优选地, 所述 ppi值为 100- 140。
优选地, 所述集流体具有三维网状结构。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中, 所述集流体选自电子导电性 5〜64 (MS/m)、 氧化性化还原电位- 0. 250〜- 1 (V) 的多孔集流体, 以金属材料导电率 测试仪与标准电极电势方法测定;
更优选地, 选自以下集流体:
( I )多孔金属集流体, 优选泡沫金属 Ni集流体、 泡沫 Ti集流体、 泡沫 Au 集流体或泡沫 Pt集流体; 或是
( II )多孔非金属集流体, 优选泡沫 C集流体或多孔 Si集流体。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中, 所述催化剂选自析氧电位范围 3. 1V-4. 5V 与氧还原反应电位范围 2. 5V-3. IV的催化剂, 以循环伏安法测定。 所述催化剂选自以下一组或多组电化学催化活性的物质:
(I)金属单质, 优选 Pt、 Au、 Ag、 Au、 Co、 Zn、 V、 Cr、 Pd、 Rh、 Cd、 Nb、 Mo、 Ir、 0s、 Ru、 Ni或其组合; 或上述金属单质形成的合金;
(II)单一金属氧化物, 具体例如 Co304、 Mn02、 Mn203、 Co0、 Zn0、 V205、 Mo0、 Cr 、 Fe304、 Fe203、 Fe0、 Cu0、 NiO或其组合;
(III)金属复合氧化物, 具体例如尖晶石型、 烧绿石型、 钙钛矿型或其组合 优选地, 催化剂为 Co304。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中,所述催化剂负载量为 1-lOmg/l cni2集流体
在本发明的一个具体实施方式中, 所述催化剂的体积当量直径为
100nm-1000nm。 本发明的第二方面提供一种锂空气电池空气电极的制备方法, 其包括: (a)提供集流体;
(h)将催化剂通过原位复合负载于所述集流体上。 在一优选例中, 包括如下方法: (al)将多孔的集流体进行表面预处理;
(M )将 (a)处理的集流体与制备催化剂的前驱物混合, 在设定的条件下使催 化剂在集流体上原位沉积或生长, 得到复合空气电极;
更优选地, 包括如下步骤:
(a2)将多孔的集流体进行表面清洁预处理;
(b2)将(a)处理的集流体与催化剂的前驱物混合, 经过一定的处理方式 使催化剂在集流体上沉积或生长, 得到复合材料的前驱体;
(c2)将 (b)得到的复合物前驱体在一定温度下成相, 然后经过真空干燥等后 续处理过程。 在本发明的一个具体实施方式中, 采用溶剂热法、 模板法、 电泳沉积法、 电镀沉积法或静电喷雾沉积法进行原位复合。
优选地, 所述溶剂热法包括: 水热法, 有机溶剂热法。
所述模板法包括: 氧化铝模板法, 表面活性剂软模板法等。
所述电泳沉积法包括: 等速电泳沉积法, 等电聚焦电泳沉积法等。
所述电镀法包括: 恒电位电镀法, 循环伏安电镀法, 恒电流电镀法。 本发明的第三方面提供含有本发明所述的锂空气电池空气电极的锂空气电 池。 附图概述
图 1为实施例 1得到的催化剂 Co 在集流体 Ni网上沉积的扫描电镜照片。 图 2为对比例 1 以及实施例 2中所得的复合材料电极的首次充放电曲线。 图 3为对比例 1、 对比例 2以及实施例 1中所得的复合材料电极充放电比容 量随循环次数的变化情况。 本发明的最佳实施方案
本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究, 通过改进制备工艺, 意外地获得了使得 锂空气电池的性能大幅度提高的锂空气电极。 在此基础上完成了本发明。 本发明的技术构思如下:
本发明人探索锂空气电池实际比容量受到空气电极限制的根本原因,提出一 种新颖的空气电极结构。仅由催化剂与集流体组成空气电极, 不使用其他非活性 物质。本发明的方案是利用各种技术将各种形貌的高性能电化学催化氧气反应的 催化剂直接均匀沉积到集流体上作为锂空气电池的正极,而不需要使用任何载体 与粘结剂, 在保证催化剂含量的前提下,将空气电极中非活性物质含量降到最低
。 包含了所有空气电极的质量, 该复合结构的空气电极在 0. lmA/Cm2下首次放电 比容量达到 l OOOmAh/g以上, 经过多次循环后可逆容量达到 1800 mAh/g, 在 0. 02mA/cm2下更是获得了高达 3218 mAh/g的比容量; 相同催化剂下, 该新型催 化剂集流体复合结构空气电极明显降低了锂空气电池充电时的平台电压。材料制 备采用的各种技术, 操作简单, 适合大规模生产。 本发明中, 所述"原位复合"是指在载体表面原位反应生成并同时负载催化 剂。 所述原位复合的结构使得集流体与催化剂形成一体化设计的电极。 优选地, 所述催化剂均匀分布于载体的表面, 催化剂可以是纤维状, 也可扩展到管状、 棒 状或针状等等, 催化剂与集流体两者共同形成多孔结构。
本发明中, 所述 "三维网状结构"是指孔道结构均匀分布于三维空间。
本发明中, 所述 "锂空气电池" 是指金属 Li做负极, 空气中的氧气做正极, 与有机电解液组成的锂空气电池。所述有机电解液没有具体限制, 只要不对本发 明的发明目的产生限制即可。 所述有机电解液对于本领域技术人员是已知的。 除非另有定义或说明, 本文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域技术熟 练人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可 应用于本发明方法中。 以下对本发明的各个方面进行详述, 如无具体说明, 本发明的各种原料均可 以通过市售得到; 或根据本领域的常规方法制备得到- 集流体
本发明的集流体可以采用市售的集流体,包括但不限于: 长沙力元新材料股 份有限公司的连续化带状泡沫镍、菏泽天宇科技开发有限责任公司的连续泡沫镍 ; 所述集流体也可以通过文献公幵的方法进行自行制备, 例如牛文娟等, 泡沫钛 及其合金制备方法的研究进展, 《冶金工业》 , 或 "能源期刊 Journal of Power Sources" 195 (2010) 7438—7444。
优选地, 集流体选由具有三维网状结构的集流体。
在一个具体实施方式中, 所述集流体的孔隙率 90%, ppi (pore/inch孔数 / 英吋) =100〜300,孔径 10〜500 μ πι。所述的测定标准为泡沫材料 GB国家标准 (例 如泡沫镍国家标准)。
在一优选例中, 孔隙率、 ppi (pore/i nch孔数 /英吋)。 孔径的测定标准为泡 沫材料 GB国家标准 (例如泡沫镍国家标准)。 优选地, ppi为 100-140。
在一优选例中, 所述集流体选自电子导电性 5〜64 (MS/m单位)、 氧化性化 还原电位位 -0. 250〜- IV的多孔集流体, 以金属材料导电率测试仪与标准电极电 势方法测定。
具体地, 选自以下集流体-
U )多孔金属集流体, 优选泡沫金属 Ni集流体、 泡沫 Ti集流体、 泡沫 Au 集流体或泡沫 Pt集流体; 或是
( Π )多孔非金属集流体, 优选泡沫 C集流体或多孔 Si集流体。 催化剂
本发明的催化剂可采用常用的锂电池催化剂,这些锂电池催化剂可以通过市 售得到。
具体地, 选自析氧电位范围 3. 1V-4. 5V与氧还原反应电位范围 2. 5V- 3. IV 均具有的催化活性的催化剂, 以循环伏安方法测定。
本发明的对析氧与氧还原反应均具有较好的催化活性的催化剂。优选地,所 述催化剂选自以下一组或多组电化学催化活性的物质-
(I)金属单质, 优选 Pt、 Au、 Ag、 Au、 Co、 Zn、 V、 Cr、 Pd、 Rh、 Cd、 Nb、 Mo、 Ir、 0s、 Ru、 Ni或其组合; 或上述金属单质形成的合金;
(Π)单一金属氧化物, 具体例如 Co304、 Mn02、 Mn203、 Co0、 Zn0、 V205、 Mo0、 Cr203、 Fe304、 Fe203、 Fe0、 Cu0、 NiO或其组合;
(Π Ι)金属复合氧化物, 具体例如尖晶石型、 烧绿石型、 钙钛矿型或其组合 优选地, 催化剂为 Co304
催化剂的负载量根据电池设计需要而定。 通常, 所述催化剂负载量为 1 - l Omg/l cm2集流体。 (也即单位面积集流体上负载的催化剂质量)
在一优选例中, 催化剂均匀分布于载体的表面, 催化剂可以是纤维状, 也 可扩展到管状、 棒状或针状等, 催化剂与集流体两者共同形成多孔结构。在一优 选例中, 所述催化剂的体积当量直径为 lOOnm- 1000nm。 所述体积当量直径是指 将不规则的形状假设为规则时所具有相同的体积时的直径。
在一优选例中, 所述锂空气电池空气电极, 包括集流体, 原位复合负载于所 述集流体上的催化剂, 不包括粘结剂。 更优选地, 所述锂空气电池空气电极由集 流体和原位复合负载于所述集流体上的催化剂组成。
本发明人发现,通过将催化剂原位复合负载在所述集流体上, 可以提高电池 的循环效率,例如明显降低了锂空气电池充电时的平台电压, 提高放电时的平台 电压。 锂空气电池空气电极及其制备方法
本发明的锂空气电池空气电极, 所述空气电极包括:
-集流体,
-原位复合负载于所述集流体上的催化剂。 本发明并提供锂空气电池空气电极的制备方法, 其包括:
提供集流体;
将催化剂通过原位复合负载于所述集流体上。 在一优选例中, 包括如下方法:
(a)将多孔的集流体进行表面预处理;
(b)将 (a)处理的集流体与制备催化剂的前驱物(也即具有催化剂组分的可溶 盐)混合, 通过相应的原位复合法使催化剂在集流体上原位沉积或生长, 得到复 合空气电极;
更优选地, 包括如下步骤:
(a)将多孔的集流体进行表面清洁预处理;
(b)将 (a)处理的集流体与催化剂的前驱物(具有催化剂组分的可溶盐)混合, 经过相应的原位复合使催化剂在集流体上沉积或生长, 得到复合材料的前驱体;
(c)将(b)得到的复合物前驱体成相, 然后经过真空干燥等后续处理过程。 所述催化剂的前驱物对于本领域的技术人员是已知的, 例如具备催化剂离 子的可溶性盐, 包括硝酸盐, 碳酸盐, 磷酸盐等。 所述原位复合法对于本领域技术人员是己知的, 只要使得催化剂在集流体 上原位复合负载即可。 (例如, 在 Wang等, 材料化学 " chemi stry of materials " 21 ( 2008 ) 51 12- 51 18所记载的。 )
具体例如, 采用溶剂热法、 模板法、 电泳沉积法、 电镀沉积法或静电喷雾 沉积法进行原位复合。
优选地, 所述溶剂热法包括: 水热, 有机溶剂热等。
所述模板法包括: 氧化铝模板法, 表面活性剂软模板法等。
所述电泳沉积法包括: 等速电泳沉积法, 等电聚焦电泳沉积法等。
所述电镀法包括: 恒电位电镀法, 循环伏安电镀法, 恒电流电镀法。 锂空气电池
本发明还提供一种含有本发明所述的锂空气电池空气电极的锂空气电池。 所述锂空气电池可以含有其他可允许的组分, 例如负极, 电解质等。 这些组 分没有具体要求, 只要不对本发明的发明目的产生限制即可。
所述锂空气电池的其余成分是已知的。 例如 Abraham等, 电化学协会期刊 " Journal of The Rlectrochemi ca] Soc i ety " 143 ( 1996) 卜 5与 Read等, 电 化学协会期刊 " Journal of The Electrochemical Soc i ety " 149 ( 2002 )
Al l 90- Al l 95所记载的。 本发明的其他方面由于本文的公幵内容, 对本领域的技术人员而言是显而易 见的。
下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明 本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 通常按照常规条件, 或按照制造厂商所建议的条件进行。 除非另外说明, 否则所 有的份数为重量份,所有的百分比为重量百分比, 所述的聚合物分子量为数均分 除非另有定义或说明, 本文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域技术 熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆 可应用于本发明方法中。
为进一步阐述本发明的内容、实质特点和显著进步, 兹列举以下对比例和实 施例详细说明如下, 但不仅仅限于实施例。 对比例 1
将催化剂 Co304与乙炔黑和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)按 19 : 11 : 15的质量比在 甲基 吡咯烷酮 (觀 P)介质中制成浆料,涂布于 Ni网上并进行干燥, 由此制成电极膜作 为正极。 以金属锂箔为负极, 美国 Celgard公司聚丙烯膜为隔膜, 1M Li PF6/PC 为电解液, 在 2-4. 5V的电压范围内, 0. ImA/cni2的电流密度下进行充放电实验, 活性物质为除泡沫 Ni网外的所有空气电极质量。 所得的实验结果如表 1所示。 对比例 2
将催化剂 Co304与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)按 19 : 15的质量比, 按照对比例 1的方 法制备电极。 电池组装及测试条件同对比例 1。 所得的实验结果如表 1所示。 对比例 3
将催化剂电解二氧化锰 (EMD)与乙炔黑和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)按 19: 11: 15的质 量比, 以对比例 1的方法制备电极。 电池组装及测试条件同对比例 1。 所得的实 验结果如表 1所示。 实施例 1
① Co (N03) 2 (10 mmol) , NH4N03 (5 mmol) , H20 (35ml) , NH3H20 (5ml) , 磁力搅 拌 lOmiri, 转入加盖表面皿, 90°C下预处理 2h。 ②泡沫 Ni丙酮脱脂, 在 6. 0 M 的 HC1中浸泡 15min, 用蒸馏水洗涤, 然后在 0. lrmnol/L的 NiCl2水溶液中浸泡 4h, 用蒸馏水洗涤。 将②处理好的 Ni加到①表面皿中, 90°C处理 12h, 用水洗 涤, 60°C下干燥 2h, 300Ό下成相 2h。 即得到 Co304@泡沫 Ni网的复合结构电极 。 电池组装及测试条件均同比较例 1。 测量结果见表 1。 得到的催化剂的负载量 见表 1, 催化剂形貌为纤维状, 尺寸为 1000nm, Ni网参数为 ppi (pore/i nch孔 数 /英吋) = 140, 孔径 400 μ ηι, 从表 1中的数据可以看出, 相比对比例 1与对 比例 2, 复合结构空气电极的放电性能有了很大提高, 比容量明显增大, 同一催 化剂, 该复合结构电极的所需充电平台电压明显较对比例有所降低。 实施例 2
与实施例 1相同条件下得到的 Co304@泡沫 Ni网的复合结构电极, 电池组装同 比较例 1, 在 2- 4. 5V的电压范围内, 0. 02mA/Cm2的电流密度下进行充放电实验 。所得的实验结果如表 1所示。从表 1中的数据可以看出, 在较低电流密度下更 是获得了极高的比容量。 实施例 3
®Mn (CH3COO) 2 (25 mmol ) , Na2S04 (25 mmol) , H20 (50 ml)磁力搅拌 10min。 转 入三电极电解池; ②泡沫 Ni丙酮脱脂, 在 6. 0 M的 HC1中浸泡 15mi n, 用蒸馏 水洗涤, 然后在 0. lmmol/L的 NiCl2水溶液中浸泡 4h, 用蒸馏水洗涤。 将②处理 好的 Ni加到①电解池中作为工作电极, 饱和甘汞电极(SCE )作为参比电极, 大 面积 Pt片作为对电极, 恒电位 0. 6V ( vs SCE)电解 15min, 即得到纳米针状电解 Mn02@泡沫 Ni网的新型复合结构空气电极。 电池组装、 测试条件均同对比例 1。 测试结果见表 1。 得到的催化剂的负载量见表 1, 催化剂形貌为纳米针状, 直径 尺寸为 50 - 100 nm。 从表 1中的数据可以看出, 相比对比例 3, 新型复合结构空 气电极的放电性能有了很大提高, 比容量明显增大, 同一催化剂, 该复合结构电 极的充电平台电压明显较对比例有所降低。 实施例 4
实施例 3相同的电解液与泡沫 Ni网处理方式, 相同的三电极系统, 循环伏安 0. 6〜0. 3V ( vs SCR) 250 mV s— '电解 30s ;然后恒电位 0. 6V ( vs SCE)电解 1. 5mi n 。 如此循环直至 15mi n, 即可得到多孔状的电解 Μπ02@泡沫 Ni网的新型复合结构 空气电极。 电池组装、 测试条件均同对比例 1。 测试结果见表 1。 从表 1中的数 据可以看出, 相比对比例 3 , 新型复合结构空气电极的放电性能有了很大提高, 比容量明显增大, 同一催化剂, 该复合结构电极的充电平台电压明显较对比例有 所降低。 实施例 5
实施例 3相同的电解液与泡沫 Ni网的处理方式, 相同的三电极系统, 循环伏 安 0. 6与 0. 3V ( vs SCE) 250 mV s"1电解 15mi n, 即可得到纳米棒状的电解 Mn02@ 泡沫 Ni网的新型复合结构空气电极。 电池组装、 测试条件均同对比例 1。 测试 结果见表 1。 实施例 5得到的催化剂的负载量见表 1, 催化剂形貌为纳米棒状, 直径尺寸为 200mn。 从表 1中的数据可以看出, 相比对比例 3, 新型复合结构空 气电极的放电性能有了很大提高, 比容量明显增大, 同一催化剂, 该复合结构电 极的充电平台电压明显较对比例有所降低。 实施例 6
实施例 3相同的电解液与泡沫 Ni网的处理方式, 相同的三电极系统, 循环伏 安 0. 4与 0. IV ( vs SCE) 500 mV s— 1电解 15mi n, 即可得到纳米管状的电解 Mn02@ 泡沫 Ni网的新型复合结构空气电极。 电池组装、 测试条件均同对比例 1。 测试 结果见表 1。 得到的催化剂的负载量见表 1, 催化剂形貌为纳米管状, 外径尺寸 为 200nm, 内径尺寸为 150nm。 从表 1中的数据可以看出, 相比对比例 3, 新型 复合结构空气电极的放电性能有了很大提高, 比容量明显增大, 同一催化剂, 该 复合结构电极的所需充电平台电压明显较对比例有所降低。 实施例 7
① 0. 3wt% NH4F 与 2 vol%去离子水的乙二醇溶液磁力搅拌 10mi n。 转入三 电极电解池; ② 泡沫 Ti网在丙酮以及乙醇中超声清洗, 在 气氛中干燥。 将 ②处理好的 Ni加到①电解池中作为阳极, 大面积 Pt片作为阴极, 恒电位 60V 阳极氧化 30min, 去离子水洗涤, 40CTC下成相 3h。 得到 Ti02@Ti网; ③将得到 的 Ti02@泡沫 Ti网加入到 0. 002M的 Pb (CH3COO) 2 · 3H20 80ml的去离子水溶液, 于 N2气氛中 28CTC下水热处理 6h,然后去离子水清洗,真空干燥得到即得到钙钛 矿结构的直径为 l OOnm的纳米线 PbTi03@Ni 网的复合结构电极。 Ti网 ppi (pore/i nch 孔数 /英吋) = 200, 孔径 50 μ m 实施例 8
60mM Pd (NH3) 4C12, 40mM NH4C1 磁力搅拌 lOmin (pH=7) 转入三电极系统; ①多孔 Si网抛光, 在丙酮以及乙醇中超声清洗, 在 N2气氛中干燥。 ②通过银导 电胶将氧化铝模板(AAO)溅射了 Au膜的一侧与多孔 Si连接连接起来做为工作电 极。 氧化铝模板(AA0)另一侧用 5 wt% HgCl2刻蚀。 然后在 5 wt% 磷酸溶液中处 理 20min以除掉 AA0的阻隔;将将②处理好的 AA0加到①电解池中作为工作电极, 饱和甘汞电极作为参比电极, 大面积 Pt片作为对电极, 恒电位 - 1V ( vs SCE)电 解 120 min, 然后用 5 wt% NaOH 溶液处理除掉 AAO模板。 然后去离子水清洗真 空干燥得到即得到钙钛矿结构的直径为 lOOntn的纳米线 Pb@Si网的复合结构电极 。 Si网 ppi (pore/inch 孔数 /英吋) = 150, 孔径 300 μ m。 性能实施例
实施例以及对比例的性能测定如下:
表 1
Figure imgf000015_0001
讨论:
从表 1 中所列的数据可以看出, 所制备的新型复合结构空气电极, 均具有较 高的放电比容量,较使用载体时低的充电平台电压, 较对比例中的空气电极材料 性能均有了很大的提高。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用以限定本发明的实质技术内 容范围,本发明的实质技术内容是广义地定义于申请的权利要求范围中, 任何他 人完成的技术实体或方法, 若是与申请的权利要求范围所定义的完全相同, 也或 是一种等效的变更, 均将被视为涵盖于该权利要求范围之中。
在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献被 单独引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述内容之后, 本领域 技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权 利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1 . 一种锂空气电池空气电极, 其特征在于, 所述空气电极包括:
-集流体,
-原位复合负载于所述集流体上的催化剂。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的空气电极, 其特征在于, 所述空气电极不含粘结剂
3. 如权利要求 1所述的空气电极,其特征在于,所述集流体的孔隙率 90%, ppi (pore/inch 孔数 /英吋) =100〜300, 孔径 10〜500 m, 以 GB国家标准测定
4. 如权利要求 1所述的空气电极, 其特征在于, 所述集流体选自电子导电 性为 5〜64 MS/m、 氧化性化还原电位为 -0. 250〜- IV 的多孔集流体, 以金属材 料导电率测试仪与标准电极电势方法测定;
更优选地, 选自以下集流体-
( I )多孔金属集流体, 优选泡沫金属 Ni集流体、 泡沬 Ti集流体、 泡沫 Au 集流体或泡沫 Pt集流体; 或是
( Π )多孔非金属集流体, 优选泡沫 C集流体或多孔 Si集流体。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的空气电极, 其特征在于, 所述催化剂选自析氧电位 范围 3. 1V-4. 5V与氧还原反应电位范围 2. 5V-3. IV的催化剂,以循环伏安方法测 定。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的空气电极, 其特征在于, 所述催化剂负载量为 l -10nig (催化剂) /l cm2 (集流体)。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的空气电极, 其特征在于, 所述催化剂的体积当量直 径为 lOOnm- 1000nm。
8. —种锂空气电池空气电极的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括-
(a)提供集流体;
(b)将催化剂通过原位复合负载于所述集流体上。
9. 按权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于, 采用溶剂热法、 模板法、 电泳 沉积法、 电镀沉积法或静电喷雾沉积法进行原位复合。
10. 一种含有如权利要求 1所述的锂空气电池空气电极的锂空气电池。
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CN105375039B (zh) 2018-06-22
EP2613389A4 (en) 2014-06-25
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