WO2012028040A1 - 一种开放式硅藻养殖方法 - Google Patents

一种开放式硅藻养殖方法 Download PDF

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WO2012028040A1
WO2012028040A1 PCT/CN2011/077113 CN2011077113W WO2012028040A1 WO 2012028040 A1 WO2012028040 A1 WO 2012028040A1 CN 2011077113 W CN2011077113 W CN 2011077113W WO 2012028040 A1 WO2012028040 A1 WO 2012028040A1
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diatom
open
algae
diatoms
culture
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王兆凯
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Shenzhen Jawkai Bioengineering R&D Center Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Jawkai Bioengineering R&D Center Co Ltd
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Priority to US13/882,296 priority patent/US8822200B2/en
Priority to EP11821066.5A priority patent/EP2636730B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management

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  • the present invention relates to microalgae culture techniques, and in particular to diatom culture methods, and more particularly to a diatom culture method in an open reactor.
  • diatom As a kind of microalgae, diatom is the main bait for fish, shellfish, shrimp, especially its larvae. Together with other plants, it constitutes the primary productivity of the ocean. Diatoms belong to the diatoms in the taxonomy. According to the shape and arrangement of the shells, the diatoms are divided into two classes: the central diatom (Centriae) and the phoenix genus (Pennatae). The central diatoms include Cyanobacteria, Rhizoctonia and Box-shaped algae. The specific outlines of diatoms and specific genus are different in seawater in different sea areas and in fresh water in different areas.
  • the existing diatom culture is generally selected according to the needs of the target algae, and then through the preparation of suitable nutrients
  • the target diatom species are subjected to closed culture, and a method of diatom culture using the culture solution is disclosed in the patent CN200310120738.3. Since the closed culture is used, the components in the culture solution need to be continuously measured, and then the components are quantitatively supplemented, and the high-density and singular culture of the diatom can be realized by maintaining the predetermined component content, which has a complicated production process. The disadvantage of high cost.
  • Open type refers to the use of open pond culture equipment for microalgae culture, such as runway pool, circular shallow pool and other culture devices. It has the characteristics of simple technology and low investment. At present, only open spirulina culture technology, only spirulina , a few species such as chlorella and salt algae are obtained in industrial production. However, the open culture of diatoms has not yet been applied, and it is difficult to cultivate a single diatom by the existing open microalgae culture method because various kinds of open microalgae culture water exist.
  • Microalgae species, and various microalgae species compete with each other, affected by algae pollution and zooplankton feeding, the target algae diatom can not take advantage, the competitiveness in the culture environment is weak, resulting in the target algae in the aquaculture water The cell density is low and the variety is variable, making it impossible to form industrial production.
  • Closed type refers to the use of closed photobioreactors with different structures for microalgae cultivation, such as airlift, agitated, tubular culture devices, etc. Closed culture can be used to produce high value products (such as drugs or health products). Or as a seed tank cultivated in an open pond, the disadvantage is that it cannot be produced on a large scale.
  • the present invention provides an open diatom culture method for solving the large-scale cultivation of diatoms.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention for achieving the object of the present invention is an open diatom culture method, which adopts an open microalgae culture device, firstly introducing a diatom-containing algae seed solution into the open microalgae culture device, and then adding carbon dioxide and The nutrient salt is formed into a culture liquid for diatom culture, and is characterized in that: after the algae seed liquid containing diatom is introduced into the open microalgae culture device, the pH of the algae seed liquid is controlled to be 3.0-5.0 for 30 to 120 minutes. .
  • the pH of the algae seed solution is controlled to be 3.0-5.0, and after maintaining for 30 to 120 minutes, the pH is controlled to 8.0 to 8.7.
  • the pH of the control algae seed solution is 3.0-5.0 by adding hydrochloric acid or The method of acetic acid controls the pH to be 3.0-5.0.
  • the method of controlling the pH to 8.0 to 8.7 is to control the pH to 8.0 to 8.7 by adding sodium hydrogencarbonate.
  • the cultivation of diatoms by open microalgae cultivation method has realized the industrialized large-scale cultivation of diatoms
  • the diatom species can be obtained directly from natural seawater or local natural water. Since the diatoms have different specific genus in different regions and different seas, the present invention is It can cultivate diatoms of different genus with local characteristics, solve the problem of algae species, and naturally screen local diatoms without establishing a library of algae species. detailed description
  • An open diatom culture method adopts an open microalgae culture device, and the open microalgae culture device generally comprises a reactor main body, a gas absorption system and an algae recovery system, and firstly, the diatom seed liquid containing diatom is connected to the open micro In the reactor main body of the algae culture device, the diatom seed solution uses fresh sea water. At this time, the algae seed liquid contains various algae species and zooplankton, and various algae species grow together due to the competition of growth. , this invention In order to inhibit the growth of the algae, the dominant growth of the target algae diatom is ensured, and the plankton is prevented from feeding on the diatom.
  • the method of adding hydrochloric acid or acetic acid is adopted in the initial stage of the diatom-containing algae liquid to the reactor main body. Controlling the pH of the algae seed is acidic. Since diatoms have stronger acid resistance than common algae species, other algae species and plankton will be killed under certain acidic conditions for a certain period of time, while diatoms Can survive.
  • the invention is obtained through continuous experiment: when the pH value of the algae seed solution is about 4, maintaining the pH value for about 30 minutes can well kill the algae species and plankton, and at the same time ensure the normal survival of the target algae species diatoms. Maintain the dominant growth of diatoms. Tests have shown that when the pH is less than 3.0 or the acidic environment is maintained for more than 120 minutes, the diatoms are also inhibited. When the pH is greater than 5.0 or the acidic environment is maintained for less than 30 minutes, the other algae cannot be effectively killed. Species and plankton, do not play a role in ensuring the growth of diatoms.
  • the pH of the algae seed solution is controlled to about 4, and the technical condition of maintaining the pH value of 30-120 minutes is achieved, so that the diatom culture effect can be achieved well, and the diatom grows in the early stage of the culture. Once the dominant algae status is obtained in the competition, it will further inhibit other algae species. This overcomes the common belief that various algae species in the open microalgae culture technology will compete with each other in the same nutrient environment and grow together. Finally, the technical bias of single algae species is not obtained, and a new breeding idea is proposed for diatom breeding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract

提供了一种开放式硅藻养殖方法，首先将含有硅藻的藻种液接入所述开放式微藻培养装置，然后加入二氧化碳和营养盐以形成培养液进行硅藻养殖，而且在将含有硅藻的藻种液接入所述开放式微藻培养装置后控制藻种液pH值为3.0-5.0，维持30至120分钟后，将pH值控制到8.0-8.7。该方法实现了硅藻的工业化大规模培养，具有生产成本低，养殖密度大和产量高等优点，实现了硅藻的长期稳定生产，解决了藻种问题，通过自然筛选当地硅藻而无需建立藻种库。

Description

一种开放式硅藻养殖方法 技术领域
本发明涉及微藻养殖技术， 具体地涉及硅藻的养殖方法， 更具 体地涉及一种在开放式反应器中硅藻养殖方法。
背景技术
硅藻作为微藻的一种是鱼、 贝、虾类特别是其幼体的主要饵料， 它与其他植物一起， 构成海洋的初级生产力。 硅藻在生物分类上， 属于硅藻门， 根据壳的形状和花紋排列方式， 硅藻门又分成二个纲： 中心硅藻纲 （Centriae)和羽紋硅藻纲 （Pennatae)。 中心硅藻纲包括 圆筛藻目、 根管藻目和盒形藻目。 不同海域的海水中以及不同地区 的淡水中， 硅藻的具体纲目以及具体的属都不同， 现有硅藻的培养 一般是先根据需要筛选目标藻种， 然后通过配制合适营养成分的培 养液对目标硅藻藻种进行封闭式培养， 如专利 CN200310120738.3 公开了一种硅藻培养液以及利用该培养液进行硅藻培养的方法。 由 于采用的是封闭式培养， 其培养液中的各成分需要不断进行测定， 然后定量地补充各成分， 通过维持预定的成分含量才能实现硅藻的 高密度、 单一化培养， 具有生产工艺复杂， 成本高的缺点。
参考现有的微藻培养方式， 一般可分为密闭式和开放式。开放式 是指采用开放池培养装置进行微藻养殖， 如跑道池、 圆形浅池等培养 装置， 它具有技术简单、 投资低廉等特点， 目前， 开放式的微藻养殖 技术中， 只有螺旋藻、小球藻和盐藻等少数几种在工业化生产中获得 了应用， 而硅藻的开放式养殖尚未得到应用， 通过现有的开放式微藻 培养方式也很难培养出单一的硅藻， 其原因是， 在开放式的微藻培养 水体中存在着各种微藻藻种， 并且各种微藻藻种相互竞争生长， 受杂 藻污染和浮游动物摄食的影响， 目标藻硅藻不能占到优势， 在养殖环 境中竞争力弱， 致使养殖水体中目标藻细胞密度低， 种类多变， 无法 形成工业化生产。
密闭式是指采用不同结构的密闭式的光生物反应器进行微藻养 殖， 如气升式、 搅拌式、 管式培养装置等， 封闭式培养可用于生产高 价值产物 (如药物或保健品)或作为开放池培养的种子罐， 其缺点是不 能大规模生产。
发明内容
本发明为解决硅藻的规模化养殖， 提供一种开放式硅藻养殖方 法。
本发明实现发明目的采用的技术方案是， 一种开放式硅藻养殖 方法， 采用开放式微藻培养装置， 首先将含有硅藻的藻种液接入所 述开放式微藻培养装置， 然后加入二氧化碳和营养盐以形成培养液 进行硅藻养殖， 其特征在于： 在将含有硅藻的藻种液接入所述开放 式微藻培养装置后控制藻种液 pH值为 3.0-5.0，维持 30至 120分钟。
更好地， 在将含有硅藻的藻种液接入所述开放式微藻培养装置 后控制藻种液 pH值为 3.0-5.0， 维持 30至 120分钟后， 将 pH值控 制到 8.0~8.7。
本发明中， 所述控制藻种液 pH值为 3.0-5.0是通过添加盐酸或 醋酸的方法控制 pH值为 3.0-5.0。
本发明中， 所述将 pH值控制到 8.0~8.7的方法是通过添加碳酸 氢钠将 pH值控制到 8.0~8.7。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、 采用开放式微藻培养方式进行硅藻养殖， 实现了硅藻的工业 化大规模培养；
2、 通过在硅藻培养初期控制培养液处于较低 pH值的酸性环境， 利用硅藻较强的耐酸性，在抑制其他藻种和浮游生物生长的同时保证 硅藻的正常生长， 进而使硅藻形成生长竞争优势， 利用硅藻一旦形成 生长竞争优势后会对其他藻种形成生长抑制的特点，维持硅藻的单藻 种、高密度优势生长，具有生产成本低，养殖密度大和产量高等优点， 实现了硅藻的长期稳定生产；
3、 由于采用开放式微藻培养方式， 可直接从天然海水或当地天 然水中获取硅藻藻种， 由于硅藻在不同地区和不同海域的藻种液中具 体的目属都不同，因此通过本发明能培养出具有当地特点的不同目属 的硅藻，解决了藻种问题，通过自然筛选当地硅藻而无需建立藻种库。 具体实施方式
一种开放式硅藻养殖方法， 采用开放式微藻培养装置， 开放式 微藻培养装置一般包括反应器主体、气体吸收系统及藻体回收系统， 首先将含有硅藻的藻种液接入到开放式微藻培养装置的反应器主体 中， 硅藻藻种液采用新鲜海水， 此时， 藻种液中含有各种杂藻藻种 和浮游动物， 由于生长的竞争关系， 各种藻种会一并生长， 本发明 为抑制杂藻的生长， 保证目标藻种硅藻的优势生长， 同时防止浮游 生物对硅藻的摄食， 在含有硅藻的藻种液接入反应器主体的初期即 通过添加盐酸或醋酸的方法，控制藻种液的 pH值为酸性， 由于硅藻 具有比普通藻种更强的耐酸性， 在一定时间的较强酸性条件下， 其 他藻种和浮游生物都会被杀死， 而硅藻则能存活下来。
本发明通过不断试验得到： 当藻种液 pH值为 4左右， 维持该 pH值 30分钟左右能很好地杀死杂藻藻种和浮游生物， 同时保证目 标藻种硅藻的正常存活， 达到保持硅藻的优势生长。 试验表明， 当 pH值小于 3.0或酸性环境维持时间超过 120分钟时， 对硅藻也会产 生抑制， 当 pH值大于 5.0或酸性环境维持时间少于 30分钟时， 则 不能有效地杀死其他藻种和浮游生物， 起不到保证硅藻生长优势的 作用。
本发明中， 将藻种液 pH值控制为 4左右， 维持该 pH值 30-120 分钟的技术条件， 之所以能取得很好的硅藻养殖效果， 还在于， 当 硅藻在养殖初期的生长竞争中一旦取得优势藻地位， 会进一步对其 他藻种起到抑制作用， 这一点克服了现有开放式微藻养殖技术当中 普遍认为的各种藻种在相同营养环境下会相互竞争， 一同生长， 最 后得不到单一藻种的技术偏见， 对于硅藻养殖提出了一种全新的养 殖思路。
由于硅藻在生长过程中会产生碱性代谢物， 当停止加入盐酸或 醋酸后， pH值会一直升高至 9以上， 对于硅藻而言， 较强的碱性环 境会对生长不利， 因此， 需要控制 pH值在硅藻最适宜的环境。本发 明通过添加碳酸氢钠， 进而控制养殖水体的 pH值维持在 8.0~8.7， 试验表明此 pH值范围内最利于硅藻生长，能取得最好的硅藻养殖效 率。
最后应说明的是： 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明而并非限制本 发明所描述的技术方案； 因此尽管本说明书参照上述的各个实施例 对本发明已进行了详细的说明， 但是本领域的技术人员应当理解， 仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换； 而一切不脱离本发明的精 神和范围的技术方案及其改进， 其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范 围中。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种开放式硅藻养殖方法， 采用开放式微藻培养装置， 首先 将含有硅藻的藻种液接入所述开放式微藻培养装置，然后加入二氧化 碳和营养盐以形成培养液进行硅藻养殖， 其特征在于： 在将含有硅藻 的藻种液接入所述开放式微藻培养装置后控制藻种液 pH 值为 3.0-5.0, 维持 30至 120分钟。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种开放式硅藻养殖方法， 其特征在 于，在将含有硅藻的藻种液接入所述开放式微藻培养装置后控制藻种 液 pH值为 3.0-5.0， 维持 30至 120分钟后， 将 pH值控制到 8.0~8.7。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种开放式硅藻养殖方法， 其特 征在于，所述控制藻种液 pH值为 3.0-5.0是通过添加盐酸或醋酸的方 法控制 pH值为 3.0-5.0。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的一种开放式硅藻养殖方法， 其特征在 于，所述将 pH值控制到 8.0~8.7的方法是通过添加碳酸氢钠将 pH值 控制到 8.0~8.7。
PCT/CN2011/077113 2010-11-03 2011-07-13 一种开放式硅藻养殖方法 Ceased WO2012028040A1 (zh)

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