WO2012033142A1 - C型肝炎ウイルスリポソームワクチン - Google Patents
C型肝炎ウイルスリポソームワクチン Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012033142A1 WO2012033142A1 PCT/JP2011/070408 JP2011070408W WO2012033142A1 WO 2012033142 A1 WO2012033142 A1 WO 2012033142A1 JP 2011070408 W JP2011070408 W JP 2011070408W WO 2012033142 A1 WO2012033142 A1 WO 2012033142A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- peptide
- liposome
- phospholipid
- hepatitis
- unsaturated bond
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
- A61K47/6905—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a colloid or an emulsion
- A61K47/6911—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a colloid or an emulsion the form being a liposome
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/12—Viral antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/12—Viral antigens
- A61K39/29—Hepatitis virus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
- A61K47/543—Lipids, e.g. triglycerides; Polyamines, e.g. spermine or spermidine
- A61K47/544—Phospholipids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
- A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/117—Nucleic acids having immunomodulatory properties, e.g. containing CpG-motifs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
- A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
- A61K2039/55555—Liposomes; Vesicles, e.g. nanoparticles; Spheres, e.g. nanospheres; Polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/57—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2
- A61K2039/572—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the type of response, e.g. Th1, Th2 cytotoxic response
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/60—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characteristics by the carrier linked to the antigen
- A61K2039/6018—Lipids, e.g. in lipopeptides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/17—Immunomodulatory nucleic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
- C12N2710/00011—Details
- C12N2710/24011—Poxviridae
- C12N2710/24111—Orthopoxvirus, e.g. vaccinia virus, variola
- C12N2710/24141—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2710/24143—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
- C12N2770/00011—Details
- C12N2770/24011—Flaviviridae
- C12N2770/24211—Hepacivirus, e.g. hepatitis C virus, hepatitis G virus
- C12N2770/24234—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
Definitions
- the present invention relates to peptide-bonded liposomes and peptides useful as hepatitis C virus vaccines, and uses thereof.
- Hepatitis C is viral hepatitis that develops upon infection with the hepatitis C virus. After being infected with hepatitis C virus, it may heal spontaneously, but in many cases, if left untreated, it shifts to chronic hepatitis. If chronic hepatitis persists, it shifts to cirrhosis and further increases the risk of developing liver cancer. There are reports that about 80% of the causes of liver cancer are hepatitis C.
- interferon therapy has shown a certain therapeutic result.
- interferon therapy is not effective (for example, cases with a high viral load of type 1b), and therefore, development of an effective treatment method for a wider range of patients is required.
- MHC major histocompatibility complex
- hepatitis C virus is less immunogenic than other viruses. Therefore, a method for inducing CTLs using a relatively highly immunogenic epitope present in a hepatitis C virus antigen has been studied.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a peptide that is derived from a protein of hepatitis C virus and induces an HLA-restricted CTL response in an immunized host.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes using a hepatitis C virus immunogenic peptide capable of binding to HLA A2.1 and a composition containing the peptide.
- a hepatitis C virus immunogenic peptide capable of binding to HLA A2.1
- composition containing the peptide it is unclear whether these peptides are effective in the actual treatment or prevention of hepatitis C.
- Patent Document 3 can efficiently and specifically enhance CTL for killing pathogen-infected cells or cancer cells using liposomes to which antigens are bound, and is useful for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and cancers.
- a method for preparing a T cell activator is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that an antigenic epitope particularly effective for the preparation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was found from a highly conserved internal protein sequence of avian influenza virus, and a peptide containing the epitope was bound to the surface. It has been described that the prepared liposomes can induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes extremely potently.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a vaccine capable of efficiently inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes and having a therapeutic or preventive effect on hepatitis C.
- the present inventors have found that the strength of the antigen peptide inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a state where it does not bind to liposomes, and the cytotoxicity of antigen peptides in the state where they bind to liposomes.
- the strength to induce lymphocytes is not in a parallel relationship, and even if the activity to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes is weak when not bound to liposomes, it is extremely strongly cytotoxic when bound to liposomes We found that T lymphocytes could be induced.
- a liposome to which a peptide is bound is A partial amino acid sequence of 9 or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence of hepatitis C virus NS3 protein, Have a length of 9-11 amino acids and can induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes;
- the liposome comprises a phospholipid having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond, and a liposome stabilizer.
- the peptide is bound to the surface of the liposome; Peptide-bound liposomes.
- the phospholipid is at least one selected from diacylphosphatidylserine, diacylphosphatidylglycerol, diacylphosphatidic acid, diacylphosphatidylcholine, diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, succinimidyl-diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, and maleimide-diacylphosphatidylethanolamine.
- [5] The peptide-bonded liposome according to [1], wherein the liposome stabilizer is cholesterol.
- the peptide has an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond contained in the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome.
- the peptide-bonded liposome according to [1] which is bound to a phospholipid.
- peptide-bonded liposome according to [1], wherein the liposome has the following composition: (A) a phospholipid having 1 to 99.8 mol% of an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond; (B) Liposome stabilizer 0.2 to 75 mol%.
- a cytotoxic T lymphocyte activator comprising the peptide-bonded liposome according to [1].
- a hepatitis C virus vaccine comprising the peptide-bonded liposome according to [1].
- the hepatitis C virus vaccine of [12] further comprising CpG-DNA.
- the hepatitis C virus vaccine of [12] which is used for treatment of hepatitis C.
- a peptide capable of inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2, and having a length of 9 to 11 amino acids.
- a method for preventing or treating hepatitis C in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a prophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of the peptide-bonded liposome according to [1].
- cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be efficiently induced, which is useful for the treatment or prevention of hepatitis C.
- the peptide-binding liposome or peptide of the present invention it is possible to provide a highly versatile hepatitis C virus vaccine that is effective against hepatitis C virus of any genotype of type 1a or 1b.
- FIG. 1 shows the vaccine effect of peptide-bound liposomes.
- Each graph shows the titer of the virus contained in the ovary.
- 24 peptides except for one that was poorly water-soluble were divided into 4 pools (NS3-I to IV), and peptide-coupled liposomes were prepared using each pool, and the vaccine effect was measured. did.
- the result using Adex1CA3269 is shown as a positive control, and the result without immunization (Nave) is shown as a negative control.
- a broken line indicates a detection lower limit.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of examining the immunogenicity of each peptide in each pool in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of examining the immunogenicity of each peptide using peptide-bonded liposomes prepared from each peptide.
- the number of IFN- ⁇ producing cells by stimulation of each peptide-bound liposome was quantified by the ELISPOT method, and the cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was measured by the 51 Cr release method.
- FIG. 4 shows the vaccine effect of peptide-bound liposomes prepared from each peptide. Each graph shows the titer of the virus contained in the ovary.
- FIG. 5 shows the results obtained by examining the immunogenicity of peptide # 3 bound to liposomes by ELISPOT. Liposomes conjugated with mouse H-2b epitope peptide 1630-1637 showed high immunogenicity, whereas those conjugated with human HLA-A * 0201 epitope 1073-1081 or 1585-1593 are immunogenic. It was low. In contrast, peptide # 3 exhibited high immunogenicity comparable to that of mouse epitope 1630-1637 due to liposome binding.
- FIG. 5 shows the results obtained by examining the immunogenicity of peptide # 3 bound to liposomes by ELISPOT. Liposomes conjugated with mouse H-2b epitope peptide 1630-1637 showed high immunogenicity, whereas those conjugated with human HLA-A * 0201 epitope 1073-1081 or 1585-1593 are immunogenic. It was low. In contrast, peptide # 3 exhibited high immunogenicity comparable to that of mouse epitope 1630-1637 due to liposome binding.
- FIG. 6 shows that the immunogenicity of peptide # 3 is low in immunization experiments with two recombinant viruses Adex1CA3269 and VV-NS3. That is, peptide # 3 does not have immunogenicity when immunized with NS3 as a whole, but exhibits excellent immunogenicity by liposome binding.
- FIG. 7 shows the boost effect of peptide-bound liposomes prepared from peptide # 3 (Lip- # 3). Similar to the results of FIG. 6, it is shown that the immunization with the recombinant virus VV-NS3 does not exhibit the immunogenicity of peptide # 3 and does not show the boost effect.
- FIG. 8 shows the dose dependency of the immunogenicity of Lip- # 3.
- FIG. 9 shows the cross-reactivity of Lip- # 3.
- FIG. 10 shows the cross-reactivity of Lip- # 13 and Lip- # 13-1A.
- FIG. 11 shows the cross-reactivity of Lip- # 19 and Lip- # 19-3A.
- Peptide-bound liposome The present invention is a liposome to which a peptide is bound,
- the peptide comprises a partial amino acid sequence of 9 or more amino acids in the amino acid sequence of hepatitis C virus NS3 protein (preferably an amino acid sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, 5, and 6), Have a length of 9-11 amino acids and can induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes;
- the liposome comprises a phospholipid having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond, and a liposome stabilizer.
- the peptide is bound to the surface of the liposome; Peptide-coupled liposomes are provided.
- the present invention relates to hepatitis C virus NS3 protein as an epitope having an activity of strongly inducing cytotoxic T cells when bound to the surface of the liposome described in detail below in hepatitis C virus antigen. It was completed based on finding an epitope sequence (epitope sequence of the present invention) having a length of 9 amino acids or more in the amino acid sequence.
- the epitope sequence of the present invention is preferably an epitope sequence represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-3, 5, and 6 from the viewpoint of effectiveness as a vaccine when bound to liposomes.
- amino acid sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6 correspond to partial sequences present in the amino acid sequence of the NS3 protein of hepatitis C virus.
- the peptide comprising the amino acid sequence includes, for example, peptides comprising the corresponding epitope sequences in the same antigen of different virus strains as follows.
- YMNTPGLPV SEQ ID NO: 1
- YLNTPGLPV SEQ ID NO: 4
- AMFDSSVLC SEQ ID NO: 2
- J1 strain ⁇ GMFDSVLC
- IMTCMSADL SEQ ID NO: 3
- strain 1a ⁇ IMMACMSADL (SEQ ID NO: 6) (J1 strain)
- a peptide containing the epitope sequence of the present invention can induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
- “Inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes” means cells that specifically recognize the antigen in the mammal's body when the mammal (eg, human, transgenic mouse, etc.) is immunized with the antigen. It means that the number and / or activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (eg cytotoxic activity) is increased.
- the length of the peptide contained in the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually 9 to 11 amino acids, preferably 9 to 10 amino acids, more preferably 9 amino acids.
- the peptide has an additional sequence on the N-terminal side and / or C-terminal side of the epitope sequence of the present invention.
- the length of the additional sequence and the amino acid sequence are not particularly limited as long as the above properties of the peptide are not impaired.
- the additional sequence may be an amino acid sequence actually present adjacent to a partial sequence corresponding to any of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 6 in the amino acid sequence of the NS3 protein of hepatitis C virus.
- the peptide is a residue that can overcome the selection of the presented antigen due to individual differences (polymorphism) of MHC when forming a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in a cell.
- the peptide contained in the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention can be prepared by a known peptide synthesis technique such as liquid phase synthesis or solid phase peptide synthesis.
- the peptide is produced by culturing a transformant (such as E. coli) into which an expression vector capable of expressing the peptide is introduced, and isolating the peptide from the culture by a well-known purification technique such as an affinity column. can do.
- An expression vector capable of expressing the peptide can be constructed by linking a polynucleotide encoding the peptide downstream of a promoter in an appropriate expression vector using well-known genetic engineering techniques.
- the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention is such that the phospholipid that is an amphiphilic surfactant forms an interface with the polar group facing the aqueous phase, and the hydrophobic group is on the opposite side of the interface It has a structure suitable for.
- the liposome refers to a phospholipid bilayer membrane having a closed space.
- the peptide contained in the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention can be bound to the surface of the liposome via a functional group that it has.
- the functional group in the peptide used for binding to the liposome surface include an amino group, a thiol group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a disulfide group, or a hydrophobic group composed of a hydrocarbon group (alkyl group or the like) having a methylene chain. It is done.
- amino group, thiol group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and disulfide group are covalently bonded, amino group and carboxyl group are bonded by ionic bond, hydrophobic group is hydrophobic group by hydrophobic bond, and the peptide is attached to the surface of liposome.
- the peptide is preferably bound to the surface of the liposome via an amino group, carboxyl group or thiol group.
- the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome has an amino group, a succinimide group, a maleimide group, a thiol group, It is desirable to have a functional group such as a hydrophobic group composed of a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a disulfide group, or a hydrocarbon group having a methylene chain (such as an alkyl group).
- the functional group possessed by the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome is preferably an amino group, a succinimide group or a maleimide group.
- the combination of the functional group of the peptide involved in the binding of the peptide to the liposome and the functional group of the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome can be freely selected within a range that does not affect the effects of the present invention.
- Preferred combinations include an amino group and an aldehyde group, an amino group and an amino group, an amino group and a succinimide group, a thiol group and a maleimide group, respectively.
- the ionic bond and the hydrophobic bond are preferable from the viewpoint of easy preparation of the peptide bond to the liposome, and the covalent bond is preferably a peptide bond point or peptide bond on the liposome surface.
- the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention is that a peptide having an excellent cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation effect is bound to the surface of the liposome, which is a constituent component thereof. Therefore, it is preferable from the viewpoint of further enhancing the effect of the present invention that the peptide is stably bound to the surface of the liposome even after being administered into the living body, for example, by an injection action in a practical stage. From such a viewpoint, the bond between the peptide and the liposome is preferably a covalent bond.
- the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention comprises an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond. It contains a phospholipid having, and a liposome stabilizer.
- the carbon number of the acyl group is preferably 16 to 22, more preferably 18 to 22, and most preferably 18 It is.
- Specific examples of the acyl group include a palmitooleoyl group, an oleoyl group, and an elcoyl group, and an oleoyl group is most preferred.
- the carbon number of the hydrocarbon group is preferably 16 to 22, more preferably 18 to 22, most preferably 18 is preferred.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbon group include a tetradecenyl group, a hexadecenyl group, an octadecenyl group, a C20 monoene group, a C22 monoene group, and a C24 monoene group.
- the unsaturated acyl group or unsaturated hydrocarbon group bonded to the 1-position and 2-position of the glycerin residue of the phospholipid may be the same or different. From the viewpoint of industrial productivity, the 1-position and 2-position groups are preferably the same.
- a phospholipid having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond is preferably used.
- the phospholipid preferably has an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond.
- the acyl group has less than 13 carbon atoms, the liposome stability may be deteriorated, and the CTL activity enhancing effect may be insufficient.
- the carbon number of the acyl group exceeds 24, the stability of the liposome may deteriorate.
- Examples of phospholipids having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond include acidic phospholipids, neutral phospholipids and peptides. Examples include reactive phospholipids having a functional group capable of binding. These can be selected as appropriate according to various requirements.
- phosphatidylserine phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol and the like can be used.
- Serine, diacylphosphatidylglycerol, diacylphosphatidic acid, and diacylphosphatidylinositol are preferably used.
- the acidic phospholipid imparts an anionic ionizing group to the surface of the liposome, and thus imparts a negative zeta potential to the surface of the liposome. For this reason, liposomes have a charge repulsive force and can exist as a stable preparation in an aqueous solvent. Thus, acidic phospholipids are important in ensuring the stability of the liposome when the peptide-bound liposome of the present invention is in an aqueous solvent.
- the neutral phospholipid for example, phosphatidylcholine and the like can be used.
- the neutral phospholipid that can be used in the present invention can be used by appropriately selecting the type and amount thereof within the scope of achieving the enhancement of CTL activity addressed by the present invention.
- the neutral phospholipid has a higher function of stabilizing the liposome and can improve the stability of the membrane, compared to the phospholipid to which the acidic phospholipid and the peptide of the present invention are bound.
- the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention preferably contains a neutral phospholipid.
- the amount of neutral phospholipid used can be determined after securing the contents of acidic phospholipid used to achieve the CTL activity enhancing effect, reactive phospholipid for peptide binding, and liposome stabilizer.
- the peptide of the present invention contains an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or 14 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond contained in the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome. It binds to the surface of liposomes by binding to phospholipids having ⁇ 24 hydrocarbon groups.
- a reactive phospholipid having a functional group to which the peptide of the present invention can bind is used as the phospholipid for the peptide bond.
- Reactive phospholipids having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond can be classified according to various requirements. The ratio is appropriately selected. Similar to the phospholipid, also in the reactive phospholipid, it is not preferable that the unsaturated acyl group or unsaturated hydrocarbon group contained in the phospholipid has more than 24 or less than 14.
- Examples of the reactive phospholipid include phosphatidylethanolamine or a terminally modified product thereof. Further, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, and terminally modified products thereof can also be used as reactive phospholipids. From the viewpoint of industrial availability, simplicity of the coupling step with the peptide of the present invention, yield, etc., phosphatidylethanolamine or a terminally modified product thereof is preferably used. Phosphatidylethanolamine has an amino group capable of binding the peptide of the present invention at its terminal.
- the number of carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond is 14 to 14
- diacylphosphatidylethanolamine having 24 acyl groups or a terminally modified product thereof.
- Diacylphosphatidylethanolamine can be obtained, for example, by base exchange reaction between choline and ethanolamine using phospholipase D using diacylphosphatidylcholine as a raw material.
- a crude reaction product can be obtained by mixing a chloroform solution in which diacylphosphatidylcholine is dissolved with water in which phospholipase D and ethanolamine are dissolved in an appropriate ratio.
- the crude reaction product can be purified on a silica gel column using a chloroform / methanol / water solvent to obtain the desired diacylphosphatidylethanolamine.
- a person skilled in the art can carry out by appropriately selecting column purification conditions such as a solvent composition ratio.
- the terminally modified product examples include a diacylphosphatidylethanolamine terminally modified product in which one end of a divalent reactive compound is bonded to the amino group of diacylphosphatidylethanolamine.
- a divalent reactive compound a compound having at least one aldehyde group or succinimide group capable of reacting with the amino group of diacylphosphatidylethanolamine can be used.
- the divalent reactive compound having an aldehyde group include glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, succindialdehyde, terephthalaldehyde and the like.
- glutaraldehyde is used.
- dithiobis succinimidyl propionate
- ethylene glycol-bis succinimidyl succinate
- disuccinimidyl succinate disuccinimidyl suberate
- disuccinimidyl glutarate examples include disuccinimidyl glutarate.
- N-succinimidyl 4- p-maleimidophenyl butyrate, sulfosuccinimidyl-4- (p-maleimidophenyl) ) Butyrate, N-succinimidyl-4- (p-maleimidophenyl) acetate, N-succinimidyl-4- (p-maleimidophenyl) propionate, succinimidyl-4- (N-maleimidoethyl) -cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, sulfo Examples include succinimidyl-4- (N-maleimidoethyl) -cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, N- ( ⁇ -maleimidobutyryloxy) succinimide, N- ( ⁇ -maleimidocaproyloxy) succinimide, and the
- a diacylphosphatidylethanolamine terminal modified product having a maleimide group as a functional group can be obtained.
- a functional group at one end of the divalent reactive compound as described above can be bonded to the amino group of diacylphosphatidylethanolamine to obtain a diacylphosphatidylethanolamine terminal-modified product.
- Examples of a method for binding a peptide to the surface of the liposome include a method of preparing a liposome containing the above-mentioned reactive phospholipid and then adding the peptide to bind the peptide to the reactive phospholipid of the liposome. it can. In addition, by previously binding the peptide to the reactive phospholipid, and then mixing the obtained reactive phospholipid bound to the peptide with a phospholipid other than the reactive phospholipid and a liposome stabilizer. In addition, it is possible to obtain a liposome having a peptide bound to its surface. Methods for conjugating peptides to reactive phospholipids are well known in the art.
- the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention comprises an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond. It contains at least one, for example two or more, preferably three or more phospholipids.
- the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention includes diacylphosphatidylserine, diacylphosphatidylglycerol, diacylphosphatidic acid, diacylphosphatidylcholine, diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, succinimidyl-diacylphosphatidylethanolamine, and maleimide-diacyl At least one selected from phosphatidylethanolamine, for example, 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond, or 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond A phospholipid having a hydrocarbon group.
- the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention is An acidic phospholipid having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond; A neutral phospholipid having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond; And at least one reactive phospholipid having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond. preferable.
- sterols and tocopherols can be used as the liposome stabilizer.
- the sterols may be those generally known as sterols, and examples thereof include cholesterol, sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and brassicasterol, and particularly preferably from the viewpoint of availability, Cholesterol is used.
- tocopherol what is generally known as tocopherol should just be mentioned, For example, commercially available alpha-tocopherol is mentioned preferably from points, such as availability.
- the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention may contain a known component capable of constituting the liposome.
- composition of the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome portion of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention include the following: (A) a phospholipid having 1 to 99.8 mol% of an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond; (B) Liposome stabilizer 0.2-75 mol% The content of each component is expressed as mol% with respect to all components of the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome.
- the content of the component (A) is preferably 10 to 90 mol%, more preferably 30 to 80 mol%, still more preferably 50 to 70 mol%, from the viewpoint of liposome stability.
- the content of the component (B) is preferably 5 to 70 mol%, more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, still more preferably 20 to 50 mol%, from the viewpoint of liposome stability.
- the content of the stabilizer exceeds 75 mol%, the stability of the liposome is impaired, which is not preferable.
- the component (A) includes the following: (A) a phospholipid having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond, to which no peptide is bound, and (b) ) A phospholipid having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond, to which a peptide is bound.
- the content of the component (a) is usually 0.01 to 85 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 80 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 60 mol%, still more preferably 0.1 to 50 mol%.
- the content of the component (b) is usually 0.2 to 80 mol%, preferably 0.3 to 60 mol%, more preferably 0.4 to 50 mol%, still more preferably 0.5 to 25 mol%.
- the content is less than 0.2 mol%, the amount of the peptide of the present invention decreases, so it becomes difficult to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes to a practically sufficient level, and when it exceeds 80 mol%, Liposome stability is reduced.
- the above component (a) phospholipid usually contains the above-mentioned acidic phospholipid and neutral phospholipid. Moreover, the above-mentioned reactive phospholipid is contained in the phospholipid of the said component (b).
- the content of acidic phospholipid is usually 1 to 85 mol%, preferably 2 to 80 mol%, more preferably 4 to 60 mol%, and further preferably 5 to 40 mol%.
- the content is less than 1 mol%, the zeta potential is reduced, the stability of the liposome is lowered, and it becomes difficult to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes to a practically sufficient level.
- the content exceeds 85 mol%, as a result, the content of phospholipid bound to the peptide of the liposome decreases, and it is difficult to activate cytotoxic T lymphocytes to a practically sufficient level. Become.
- the content of neutral phospholipid is usually 0.01 to 80 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 70 mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 60 mol%, and still more preferably 0.1 to 50 mol%.
- the content exceeds 80.0 mol% the content of acidic phospholipids, peptide-bound phospholipids and liposome stabilizers contained in liposomes decreases, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are reduced to a practically sufficient level. It becomes difficult to activate.
- the peptide-bound phospholipid is obtained by binding the peptide to the reactive phospholipid described above, and the ratio of the reactive phospholipid binding to the peptide is used for binding as long as the effect of the present invention is not hindered.
- the type of functional group, coupling treatment conditions, and the like can be selected as appropriate.
- a divalent reactive compound for example, when using a terminal modified form of diacylphosphatidylethanolamine obtained by binding one end of disuccinimidyl succinate, a divalent reactive compound, to the terminal amino group of diacylphosphatidylethanolamine as a reactive phospholipid, Depending on the choice of conditions for the binding process, 10-99% of the reactive phospholipid can be bound to the peptide. In this case, the reactive phospholipid not bound to the peptide becomes acidic phospholipid and is contained in the liposome.
- Preferred embodiments of the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention can include the following compositions: (I) 1 to 85 mol% of acidic phospholipid having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond; (II) 0.01 to 80 mol% of a neutral phospholipid having an acyl group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond; (III) 0.2 to 80 mol% of a phospholipid having a 14 to 24 carbon acyl group having one unsaturated bond or a 14 to 24 hydrocarbon group having one unsaturated bond to which a peptide is bound; (IV) Liposome stabilizer 0.2-75 mol%. (Total 100 mol%)
- the following composition can be mentioned: Ingredient (I) 2-80 mol% Ingredient (II) 0.1-70 mol% Ingredient (III) 0.3-60 mol% Ingredient (IV) 10-70 mol% (Total 100 mol%)
- the following composition can be mentioned: Ingredient (I) 4-60 mol% Ingredient (II) 0.1-60 mol% Ingredient (III) 0.4-50 mol% Ingredient (IV) 20-60 mol% (Total 100 mol%)
- Particularly preferred embodiments of the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome portion of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention can include the following compositions: Ingredient (I) 5-40 mol% Ingredient (II) 0.1-50 mol% Ingredient (III) 0.5-25 mol% Ingredient (IV) 25-55 mol% (Total 100 mol%)
- the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention is characterized in that the unsaturated acyl group or unsaturated hydrocarbon group contained in the phospholipid in the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part has 14 to 24 carbon atoms.
- a phospholipid containing an unsaturated acyl group or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having less than 14 or more than 24 carbon atoms may be included as long as the effects of the invention are not hindered.
- the carbon number is 14 to 24 with respect to the total number of all unsaturated acyl groups or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups contained in the phospholipid in the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention.
- the ratio of the number of saturated acyl groups or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups is, for example, 50% or more, preferably 60% or more, more preferably 75% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 97% or more (for example, substantially 100%).
- the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome portion of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention is a non-phospholipid lipid having an acyl group or a hydrocarbon group having 14 to 24 carbon atoms as long as the effects of the present invention are not hindered. May be included.
- the content of the lipid is usually 40 mol% or less, preferably 20 mol% or less, more preferably 10 mol% or less, still more preferably 5 mol% or less (for example, substantially 0 mol%).
- the liposome portion of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention is appropriately formulated and processed using phospholipids, reactive phospholipids, liposome stabilizers, peptides, and the like, which are added to a suitable solvent, etc. It can be obtained by the method.
- the form of the liposome is not particularly limited, and liposomes having various sizes and forms such as multilamellar liposomes, small unilamellar liposomes and large unilamellar liposomes are produced by appropriately selecting the above-described liposome production method. be able to.
- the particle size of the liposome is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of storage stability, the particle size is 20 to 600 nm, preferably 30 to 500 nm, and then preferably 40 to 400 nm, and more preferably Is from 50 to 300 nm, most preferably from 70 to 230 nm.
- a saccharide or a polyhydric alcohol is added to the inner aqueous phase and / or the outer aqueous phase of the liposome after the liposome preparation process or after the preparation. Also good.
- a phospholipid composition freeze-dried product is prepared by adding or dissolving sugar or a polyhydric alcohol as a liposome protective agent and removing water by freeze-drying. It is preferable that
- saccharide examples include monosaccharides such as glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, inositol, ribose and xylose; disaccharides such as saccharose, lactose, cellobiose, trehalose and maltose; trisaccharides such as raffinose and melezitose; oligosaccharides such as cyclodextrin Sugar; polysaccharides such as dextrin; sugar alcohols such as xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltitol and the like.
- monosaccharides or disaccharides are preferable, and glucose or saccharose is more preferable in terms of availability.
- polyhydric alcohols examples include glycerin-based compounds such as glycerin, diglycerin, triglycerin, tetraglycerin, pentaglycerin, hexaglycerin, heptaglycerin, octaglycerin, nonaglycerin, decaglycerin, polyglycerin; sorbitol, mannitol Sugar alcohol compounds such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, heptaethylene glycol, octaethylene glycol, nonaethylene glycol and the like.
- glycerin, diglycerin, triglycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, and polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 400 to 10,000 are preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
- the concentration of saccharides or polyhydric alcohols contained in the inner aqueous phase and / or outer aqueous phase of the liposome is, for example, 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 2 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the liposome liquid. Can be mentioned.
- the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention can be easily obtained by preparing a liposome before binding the peptide and then binding the peptide.
- a suspension of liposomes containing phospholipids, liposome stabilizers, and reactive phospholipids for binding peptides to the membrane surface is prepared, and sucrose which is one of the above sugars in its outer aqueous phase Add about 2-10% by weight to dissolve.
- sucrose which is one of the above sugars in its outer aqueous phase
- This sugar-added preparation is transferred to a 10 ml glass vial, placed in a shelf-type freeze dryer, cooled to ⁇ 40 ° C. or the like to freeze the sample, and then a freeze-dried product is obtained by a conventional method.
- the lyophilized product of the liposome obtained here can be stored for a long time since the water has been removed, and the final peptide of the present invention can be obtained by adding a specific peptide when necessary and carrying out the subsequent steps. Bound liposomes can be obtained simply and quickly. In the case where the interaction between the peptide and the liposome is strong and unstable, it is very convenient to store it at the lyophilized product of the liposome and bind the peptide when necessary.
- the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome part of the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention can have a phospholipid to which a peptide is bound.
- Examples of a method for obtaining liposomes containing phospholipids to which peptides are bound include the following methods (A) and (B).
- a liposome containing a phospholipid, a reactive lipid, and a liposome stabilizer is prepared, a peptide and a divalent reactive compound are added thereto, and the functional group of the reactive phospholipid contained in the liposome , A method of linking the functional group of the peptide via a divalent reactive compound.
- the divalent reactive compound that can be used here can be the same as that used in the preparation of the terminal modified form of the reactive phospholipid.
- Specific examples of the divalent reactive compound having an aldehyde group include glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, succindialdehyde, and terephthalaldehyde.
- glutaraldehyde is used.
- N-succinimidyl-4- (p-maleimidophenyl) butyrate N-succinimidophenyl butyrate
- sulfosuccinimidyl-4- (p-maleimide) Phenyl) butyrate N-succinimidyl-4- (p-maleimidophenyl) acetate
- N-succinimidyl-4- (p-maleimidophenyl) propionate succinimidyl-4- (N-maleimidoethyl) -cyclohexane-1-carboxylate
- Use of sulfosuccinimidyl-4- (N-maleimidoethyl) -cyclohexane-1-carboxylate N- ( ⁇ -maleimidobutyryloxy) succinimide, N- ( ⁇ -maleimidocaproyloxy) succinimide,
- a terminal modified product of a reactive phospholipid having a maleimide group as a functional group for example, phosphatidylethanolamine
- a functional group for example, phosphatidylethanolamine
- a liposome containing a phospholipid, a reactive phospholipid, and a liposome stabilizer is prepared, a peptide is added thereto, and the functional group of the reactive phospholipid and the functional group of the peptide are contained in the liposome.
- Examples of the type of bond in the above (A) and (B) include an ionic bond, a hydrophobic bond, and a covalent bond, and a covalent bond is preferable.
- Specific examples of the covalent bond include a Schiff base bond, an amide bond, a thioether bond, and an ester bond.
- the peptide can be bound to the reactive phospholipid contained in the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome, and the phospholipid in which the peptide is bound to the liposome is formed.
- a specific example of a method of binding a liposome as a raw material and a peptide via a divalent reactive compound is, for example, a method using a Schiff base bond.
- a method of binding a liposome and a peptide via a Schiff base bond a liposome having an amino group on its surface is prepared, the peptide is added to the suspension of the liposome, and then a divalent reactive compound is formed as a divalent reactive compound.
- An example is a method in which an aldehyde is added to bind the amino group on the liposome surface and the amino group in the peptide via a Schiff base.
- a reactive phospholipid eg, phosphatidylethanolamine
- a liposome raw material lipid phospholipid, liposome stabilizer, etc.
- A-3 glutaraldehyde is added as a divalent reactive compound and allowed to react for a predetermined time to form a Schiff base bond between the liposome and the peptide.
- A-4) Thereafter, in order to deactivate the reactivity of excess glutaraldehyde, glycine as an amino group-containing water-soluble compound is added to the liposome suspension and reacted.
- A-5) Peptide of the present invention is obtained by removing unbound peptide, reaction product of glutaraldehyde and glycine, and excess glycine by a method such as gel filtration, dialysis, ultrafiltration, and centrifugation. A bound liposome suspension is obtained.
- a reactive phospholipid having a functional group capable of forming an amide bond, a thioether bond, a Schiff base bond, an ester bond, etc. is applied to the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome.
- the method to introduce is mentioned.
- Specific examples of such functional groups include succinimide group, maleimide group, amino group, imino group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, thiol group and the like.
- Examples of the reactive phospholipid introduced into the phospholipid membrane constituting the liposome include the above-mentioned 14 to 24 carbon acyl groups having one unsaturated bond or 14 to 24 carbon atoms having one unsaturated bond.
- a terminal modified product of the amino group of a reactive phospholipid having a hydrocarbon group eg, phosphatidylethanolamine can be used.
- (B-1) A diacylphosphatidylethanolamine having a C 14-24 acyl group having one unsaturated bond and disuccinimidyl succinate are reacted only at one end by a known method, and a succinimide group as a functional group To a disuccinimidyl succinate linked diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine.
- B-2 The disuccinimidyl succinate-bound diacylphosphatidylethanolamine and other liposome constituents (phospholipid, liposome stabilizer, etc.) are mixed by a known method, and a succinimide group as a functional group on the surface To make liposomes.
- B-3 A peptide is added to the liposome suspension, and an amino group in the peptide is reacted with a succinimide group on the surface of the liposome.
- B-4) A suspension of liposomes containing the peptide-bound phospholipid of the present invention by removing unreacted peptides, reaction by-products and the like by a method such as gel filtration, dialysis, ultrafiltration, and centrifugation. Get.
- a Schiff base bond can be formed by reacting with an succinimide group.
- a thiol group is intended, a thioether bond can be formed by reacting with a maleimide group.
- Peptide The present invention is also a peptide capable of inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes, comprising the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 and having a length of 9 to 11 amino acids (of the present invention) Peptide).
- the peptide of the present invention is a peptide itself composed of an excellent epitope sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2, or is cleaved by the action of a proteasome or the like in a cell to produce the peptide. Therefore, the peptide of the present invention has excellent characteristics substantially the same as the peptide consisting of the epitope sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2. That is, the peptide of the present invention can induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
- the peptide of the present invention when used for the production of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte activator and hepatitis C virus vaccine of the present invention as described below, killing of cells infected with hepatitis C virus or hepatitis C Demonstrates excellent effects on virus protection.
- the length of the peptide of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually 9 to 11 amino acids, preferably 9 to 10 amino acids, more preferably 9 amino acids.
- the peptide of the present invention has an additional sequence on the N-terminal side and / or C-terminal side of the epitope sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2.
- the length of the additional sequence and the amino acid sequence are not particularly limited as long as the above properties of the peptide of the present invention are not impaired.
- the additional sequence may be an amino acid sequence actually present adjacent to the partial sequence corresponding to SEQ ID NO: 1 or 2 in the amino acid sequence of the NS3 protein of hepatitis C virus.
- the peptide is a residue that can overcome the selection of the presented antigen due to individual differences (polymorphism) of MHC when forming a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in a cell.
- the peptide of the present invention can be prepared by the same method as the peptide contained in the peptide-bound liposome of the present invention.
- the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) specifically recognizing the peptide of the present invention or the epitope peptide of the present invention is strongly potent. It is possible to guide. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced by the peptides of the present invention and peptide-bound liposomes, as a result of infection with hepatitis C virus, kill the cells presenting the peptides of the present invention or the epitope peptides of the present invention on HLA, Remove these cells. Therefore, the peptides and peptide-bound liposomes of the present invention are useful for the treatment and prevention of hepatitis C as cytotoxic T lymphocyte activators and hepatitis C virus vaccines.
- CTL cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- the peptide of the present invention or peptide-bound liposome When used as a cytotoxic T lymphocyte activator or hepatitis C virus vaccine, it can be formulated according to conventional means.
- the peptides and peptide-bonded liposomes of the present invention have low toxicity and can be used as a liquid or as a pharmaceutical composition in an appropriate dosage form as a human or non-human mammal (eg, rat, rabbit, sheep, pig, cow, cat, Dogs, monkeys, etc.), birds (chicken, geese, ducks, ostriches, quail, etc.) and the like can be administered orally or parenterally (eg, intravascular administration, subcutaneous administration, etc.).
- a human or non-human mammal eg, rat, rabbit, sheep, pig, cow, cat, Dogs, monkeys, etc.
- birds chicken, geese, ducks, ostriches, quail, etc.
- parenterally
- the animals to which the peptides of the present invention and peptide-bonded liposomes are administered are usually mammals (eg, humans) and birds that can be infected with the target hepatitis C virus.
- the peptides and peptide-bound liposomes of the present invention are usually administered parenterally.
- the cytotoxic T lymphocyte activator and hepatitis C virus vaccine of the present invention may be administered as an active ingredient peptide or peptide-bound liposome itself, or may be administered as an appropriate pharmaceutical composition. good.
- the pharmaceutical composition used for administration may contain the peptide or peptide-bound liposome and a pharmacologically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient. Such a pharmaceutical composition is provided as a dosage form suitable for oral or parenteral administration.
- injections are dosage forms such as intravenous injections, subcutaneous injections, intradermal injections, intramuscular injections, infusions, and the like. May be included.
- Such an injection can be prepared according to a known method.
- a method for preparing an injection it can be prepared, for example, by dissolving or suspending the peptide or peptide-bound liposome in a sterile aqueous solvent usually used for injection.
- the aqueous solvent for injection include distilled water; physiological saline; phosphate buffer, carbonate buffer, Tris buffer, acetate buffer, and other buffer solutions.
- the pH of such an aqueous solvent is 5 to 10, preferably 6 to 8.
- the prepared injection solution is preferably filled in a suitable ampoule.
- the peptide preparation of the present invention or the powder preparation of the peptide-binding liposome of the present invention can be obtained by subjecting the solution of the peptide of the present invention or the suspension of the peptide-binding liposome of the present invention to a treatment such as vacuum drying or freeze drying. It can also be prepared.
- the peptide of the present invention or the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention is stored in a powder state, and can be used by dispersing the powder with an aqueous solvent for injection at the time of use.
- the cytotoxic T lymphocyte activator and hepatitis C virus vaccine of the present invention may further contain an adjuvant in order to enhance the effect.
- the adjuvant include aluminum hydroxide gel, complete Freund's adjuvant, incomplete Freund's adjuvant, Bordetella pertussis adjuvant, poly (I, C), CpG-DNA and the like, and CpG-DNA is particularly preferable.
- CpG-DNA is a DNA containing a bacterial unmethylated CpG motif and is known to act as a ligand for a specific receptor (Toll-like receptor 9) (for details, see Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1489, 107- 116 (1999) and Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 6, 472-477 (2003)).
- CpG-DNA can enhance the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by the peptides or peptide-bound liposomes of the present invention by activating dendritic cells (DC).
- DC dendritic cells
- the content of the active ingredient (the peptide of the present invention or peptide-bound liposome) in the pharmaceutical composition is usually about 0.1 to 100% by weight, preferably about 1 to 99% by weight, more preferably about 10% by weight of the whole pharmaceutical composition. About 90% by weight.
- the content of the adjuvant is within a range that can enhance the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In general, it is about 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to 5% by weight of the whole pharmaceutical composition.
- the dose of the peptide of the present invention or the peptide-bonded liposome of the present invention varies depending on the subject to be administered, the administration method, the dosage form, etc., and for example, activates cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo by subcutaneous administration or nasal administration.
- cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo by subcutaneous administration or nasal administration.
- the peptide of the present invention is in the range of 1 ⁇ g to 1000 ⁇ g, preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g, usually for 4 weeks to 18 months. Administer 2 to 3 times. Furthermore, when hepatitis C is treated by subcutaneous administration, the peptide of the present invention is in the range of 1 ⁇ g to 1000 ⁇ g, preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ g to 100 ⁇ g, usually twice for 4 weeks to 18 months. 3 times.
- the mouse is an HHD mouse in which H-2D and H-2K, which are mouse specific MHC class I genes, and ⁇ 2-microglobulin gene are knocked out and human HLA-A * 0201 and ⁇ 2-microglobulin genes are introduced and expressed (Pascolo S, Bervas N, Ure JM, Smith AG, Lemonnier FA, Perarnau B. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 1997; 185 (12): 2043-2051) was used.
- offspring (F1) born by crossing HHD (male) and C57BL / 6 mice (female, purchased from Tokyo Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd.) were used.
- the immunity of peptide-bound liposomes is 100 ⁇ l / mouse for liposomes bound to six peptide pools, and 20 ⁇ l / mouse for single peptide-bound liposomes, each of which is consigned to CpG5002 (Hokkaido System Science Co., Ltd.). ) (5 ⁇ g / animal) and 7 days later (1) infection experiment with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing NS3 (VV-NS3), (2) 51 Cr release test, or (3) ELISPOT (IFN- ⁇ ).
- VV-NS3 recombinant vaccinia virus expressing NS3
- ELISPOT IFN- ⁇
- recombinant adenovirus Adex1CA3269 recombinant adenovirus Adex1CA3269 (Makimura M, Miyake S, Akino N et al.
- VV-NS3 Recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HCV-NS3 gene (VV-NS3) is a method already reported (Ohnishi Y, Shioda T, Nakayama K et al. The Journal of Virology 1994; 68 (6): 4075-4079) Similarly, it was created as follows.
- Sense primer 5'-GCCGGATCCATGGTCTCCAAGGGGTGGAG-3 'using HCV cDNA clone pBRTM / HCV1-3011con Karlinsky AA, Agapov EV, Blight KJ, Mihalik K, Feinstone SM, Rice CM.
- HCV-NS3 gene was amplified using (SEQ ID NO: 29) and the antisense primer 5′-TCACGTGACGACCTCCAGGTCGGCC-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 30) and incorporated into the transfer vector pNZ68K2.
- Vaccinia virus (VV-NS3) incorporating HCV-NS3 gene was prepared by homologous recombination between this transfer vector and wild-type vaccinia virus A (VV-wt) (WR strain), and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine C143 cells were infected in the presence and plaque purification was repeated three times, and then amplified in CV-1 cells.
- VV-NS3 recombinant vaccinia virus
- VV-NS3 recombinant vaccinia virus
- PFU plaque forming unit
- a mouse lymphoma-derived cell line in which human HLA-A * 0201 and ⁇ 2-microglobulin genes are introduced and expressed as in HHD mice, RMA-HHD (H-2b) (Pascolo S, Bervas N Ure JM, Smith AG, Lemonnier FA, Perarnau B. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 1997; 185 (12): 2043-2051) (RPMI1640, 10% FCS, G418 cultured at 500 ⁇ g / ml).
- % specific lysis [(cpm sample -cpm spontaneous ) / (cpm maximum -cpm spontaneous )] X 100 cpm is the count per minute, spontaneous release is the count in the absence of effector cells, and maximum release is the count when the target cells are completely lysed by adding 2% Nonidet P-40.
- ELISPOT IFN- ⁇ T cells that produce interferon gamma (IFN- ⁇ ) specifically in the spleen of immunized mice were measured using an ELISPOT kit (BD Bioscience). Place 0.5 ⁇ g of anti-IFN- ⁇ antibody (clone R4-6A2) in a 96-well plate, leave it overnight at 4 ° C., wash, add RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% FCS, and block at room temperature for 2 hours. went. Add 1 ⁇ 10 5 or 1 ⁇ 10 6 spleen cells of immunized mice to each well, and spleen cells of normal HHD mice pulsed with X-irradiation (40 Gy), 1/10 of the amount, and add 37 ° C. For 2 days.
- the cells in each well were washed away, reacted with biotin-labeled anti-mouse IFN- ⁇ antibody for 2 hours at room temperature, then reacted with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase for 1 hour at room temperature, and finally containing 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole. Substrate solution was added to develop the spots. After drying, the number of spots in each well was counted by observing with a stereomicroscope.
- the particle size of the liposome was adjusted using an extruder.
- an 8 ⁇ m polycarbonate filter was passed, followed by a filter in the order of 5 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, 0.65 ⁇ m, 0.4 ⁇ m and 0.2 ⁇ m.
- An average particle size of 206 nm (measured by a dynamic light scattering method) of the liposome particles was obtained.
- Example 1 Search for CTL epitopes From the amino acid sequence of NS3 region of hepatitis C virus HCV-1a strain polyprotein (GenBank accession #: AAB66324), 25 types of epitopes including 6 types reported as CTL epitopes were selected. For these epitopes, the predicted antigenicity score for cytotoxic T cells (CTL) was calculated using prediction programs (BIMAS and SYFPEITHI) available on the Internet (Table 1).
- CTL cytotoxic T cells
- Example 2 Screening of peptides having vaccine effect 1) Preparation of liposome preparation from peptide pool Of the 25 candidate peptides of Example 1, 24 peptides except for # 22, which was extremely poorly soluble, were divided into 4 groups (NS3- Pooled from I to IV). NS3-I was pooled with six known CTL epitope peptides. Using each pool, peptide-bound liposomes were prepared by the following method. 1.5 ml of the liposome of Reference Example 1 (preparation of liposome) was collected in a test tube, 3 ml of each peptide pool solution prepared separately was added, and the mixture was gently stirred at 5 ° C. for 48 hours for reaction.
- This reaction solution was subjected to gel filtration according to a conventional method using Sepharose CL-4B equilibrated with a buffer solution. Since the liposome fraction is cloudy, the target fraction can be easily confirmed, but it may be confirmed with a UV detector or the like. Phosphorus concentration in the obtained liposome suspension was measured (Phospholipid Test Wako), and the concentration was diluted with a buffer so that the phospholipid-derived phosphorus concentration was 2 mM. Got. 2) Measurement of vaccine effect About the peptide bond liposome prepared in 1), the vaccine effect with respect to the recombinant vaccinia virus incorporating NS3 of HCV was measured (FIG. 1).
- peptide-bound liposomes from each peptide was prepared by the following method. Collect 1.5 ml of the liposome of Reference Example 1 (Liposome preparation) in a test tube, add 3 ml of each peptide solution (1.25 mM, buffer solution) separately prepared, and then gently agitate at 5 ° C. for 48 hours. And reacted. This reaction solution was subjected to gel filtration according to a conventional method using Sepharose CL-4B equilibrated with a buffer solution.
- Phosphorus concentration in the obtained liposome suspension was measured (Phospholipid Test Wako), and the concentration was diluted with a buffer so that the phospholipid-derived phosphorus concentration was 2 mM. Got. 4) Measurement of vaccine effect of peptide-bound liposomes
- the immunogenicity of the peptide-bound liposomes prepared in 3) was examined (FIG. 3). As a result, IFN- ⁇ production was observed when any of the peptide-bonded liposomes was used, and particularly when peptide # 3 was used.
- induction of cytotoxic T cells was also confirmed for peptides # 3, # 13, # 17 and # 23. The effect of using peptide # 3 was also remarkable for the induction of cytotoxic T cells.
- Peptide # 3 is a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (YMNTPGLPV)
- Peptide # 13 is a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 (GMFDSSVLC)
- peptide # 19 is a peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence (IMTCMSADL) represented by SEQ ID NO: 3.
- CTL cytotoxic T cells
- liposomes conjugated with epitope peptide 1630-1637 of mouse H-2b showed high immunogenicity, while those conjugated with epitope 1073-11081 or 1585-1593 of human HLA-A * 0201 were immune.
- the originality was low.
- Epitope 1073-1081 and epitope 1585-1593 are peptides that are known as excellent epitope peptides of hepatitis C virus, but the fact that they did not show significant immunogenicity is due to the use of excellent epitope peptides. Even if it does, the peptide bond liposome which has the outstanding immunogenicity has not necessarily been obtained.
- peptide # 3 showed high immunogenicity comparable to that of mouse epitope 1630-1637 due to liposome binding. Furthermore, immunization experiments with Adex13269 and VV-NS3 revealed that peptide # 3 had low immunogenicity (FIG. 6). Note that 1031-1039 is an HLA-A24 (A * 2402) epitope of HCV NS3, and was used as a negative control here. These results indicate that peptide # 3 does not have immunogenicity when immunized with NS3 as a whole, but expresses excellent immunogenicity by liposome binding. That is, peptide # 3 is particularly suitable for use as a cytotoxic T lymphocyte activator or hepatitis C virus vaccine by binding to liposomes.
- Boost effect of Lip- # 3 The boost effect of Lip- # 3 was confirmed by ELISPOT (FIG. 7). When the HHD mice were inoculated twice with Lip- # 3 according to the time schedule shown in the lower panel of FIG. 7, a marked increase in IFN- ⁇ production was observed. This indicates that Lip- # 3 can be used as a vaccine for the treatment of hepatitis C.
- Example 5 Dip Dependence of Lip- # 3 Immunogenicity To examine the immunogenicity of Lip- # 3 in more detail, IFN- ⁇ production was measured by ELISPOT using serially diluted Lip- # 3 (FIG. 8). As a result, it was shown that IFN- ⁇ production can be caused by a dose of only 0.28 ⁇ g, and Lip- # 3 has excellent immunogenicity even at a very low dose.
- Lip- # 3 cross-reactivity Peptide # 3 is a peptide derived from the HCV-1a strain. It was examined by a 51 Cr release test whether CTL induced by immunization with Lip- # 3 showed reactivity with peptides derived from other HCV strains (FIG. 9). As a result, immunization with Lip- # 3 resulted in a strong CTL response to # 3-2L (SEQ ID NO: 4) derived from HCV-1b strain, similar to the response to peptide # 3 derived from HCV-1a strain. I found it to happen. That is, it was shown that the vaccine effect against both HCV-1a strain and HCV-1b strain can be expected only by immunization with Lip- # 3.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a highly effective vaccine against hepatitis C virus, which is originally low in immunogenicity. In addition, it is possible to provide an effective treatment even for patients whose effects are limited by conventional treatment methods.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
[1]ペプチドが結合したリポソームであって、
該ペプチドが、
C型肝炎ウイルスNS3タンパク質のアミノ酸配列中の9アミノ酸以上の長さの部分アミノ酸配列を含み、
9~11アミノ酸の長さを有し、且つ
細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を誘導し得るものであり;
該リポソームが、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質、及びリポソームの安定化剤を含有し;且つ
該リポソームの表面に該ペプチドが結合している、
ペプチド結合リポソーム。
[2]リン脂質が、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基を有するリン脂質である、[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
[3]アシル基がオレオイル基である、[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
[4]リン脂質が、ジアシルホスファチジルセリン、ジアシルホスファチジルグリセロール、ジアシルホスファチジン酸、ジアシルホスファチジルコリン、ジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、サクシンイミジル-ジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、及びマレイミド-ジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンから選ばれる少なくとも1つである、[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
[5]リポソームの安定化剤がコレステロールである、[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
[6]ペプチドが、リポソームを構成するリン脂質膜に含まれる不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質に結合している、[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
[7]リポソームが以下の組成を有する、[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソーム:
(A)不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質 1~99.8モル%;
(B)リポソームの安定化剤 0.2~75モル%。
[8]リポソームが以下の組成を有する、[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソーム:
(I)不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有する酸性リン脂質 1~85モル%;
(II)不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有する中性リン脂質 0.01~80モル%;
(III)ペプチドが結合した、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質 0.2~80モル%;
(IV)リポソームの安定化剤 0.2~75モル%。
[9]部分アミノ酸配列が、配列番号1~3、5及び6のいずれかで表されるアミノ酸配列である、[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
[10][1]記載のペプチド結合リポソームを含む、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球活性化剤。
[11]更にCpG-DNAを含有することを特徴とする、[10]記載の細胞傷害性Tリンパ球活性化剤。
[12][1]記載のペプチド結合リポソームを含む、C型肝炎ウイルスワクチン。
[13]更にCpG-DNAを含有することを特徴とする、[12]記載のC型肝炎ウイルスワクチン。
[14]C型肝炎の治療用である、[12]記載のC型肝炎ウイルスワクチン。
[15]C型肝炎の予防用である、[12]記載のC型肝炎ウイルスワクチン。
[16]細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を誘導し得るペプチドであって、配列番号1又は2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、且つ9~11アミノ酸の長さを有する、ペプチド。
[17]C型肝炎の予防又は治療において使用するための、[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
[18]哺乳動物に[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソームの予防的又は治療的有効量を投与することを含む、該哺乳動物におけるC型肝炎の予防又は治療方法。
[19]C型肝炎ウイルスワクチンを製造するための、[1]記載のペプチド結合リポソームの使用。
本発明は、ペプチドが結合したリポソームであって、
該ペプチドが、C型肝炎ウイルスNS3タンパク質のアミノ酸配列中の9アミノ酸以上の長さの部分アミノ酸配列(好ましくは配列番号1~3、5及び6のいずれかで表されるアミノ酸配列)を含み、9~11アミノ酸の長さを有し、且つ細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を誘導し得るものであり;
該リポソームが、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質、及びリポソームの安定化剤を含有し;且つ
該リポソームの表面に該ペプチドが結合している、
ペプチド結合リポソームを提供する。
YMNTPGLPV(配列番号1)(1a株)
→YLNTPGLPV(配列番号4)(1b株)
AMFDSSVLC(配列番号2)(J1株)
→GMFDSSVLC(配列番号5)(1a株)
IMTCMSADL(配列番号3)(1a株)
→IMACMSADL(配列番号6)(J1株)
不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有する酸性リン脂質、
不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有する中性リン脂質、
及び不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有する反応性リン脂質
を、それぞれ、少なくとも1種含有することが好ましい。
(A)不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質 1~99.8モル%;
(B)リポソームの安定化剤 0.2~75モル%
尚、各成分の含有量は、ペプチド結合リポソームのリポソーム部分を構成するリン脂質膜の全構成成分に対するモル%として表示する。
上記成分(A)の含有量は、リポソームの安定性の観点から、好ましくは10~90モル%、より好ましくは30~80モル%、更に好ましくは50~70モル%である。
上記成分(B)の含有量は、リポソームの安定性の観点から、好ましくは5~70モル%、より好ましくは10~60モル%、更に好ましくは20~50モル%である。安定化剤の含有量が75モル%を超えるとリポソームの安定性が損なわれ好ましくない。
(a)ペプチドが結合していない、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質、及び
(b)ペプチドが結合した、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質。
上記成分(a)の含有量は、通常0.01~85モル%、好ましくは0.1~80モル%、より好ましくは0.1~60モル%、更に好ましくは0.1~50モル%である。
上記成分(b)の含有量は、通常0.2~80モル%、好ましくは0.3~60モル%、より好ましくは0.4~50モル%、更に好ましくは0.5~25モル%である。含有量が0.2モル%未満であると、本発明のペプチドの量が低下するため、実用上十分なレベルに細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を活性化することが困難となり、80モル%を超えると、リポソームの安定性が低下する。
(I) 不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有する酸性リン脂質1~85モル%;
(II) 不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有する中性リン脂質0.01~80モル%;
(III) ペプチドが結合した、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質0.2~80モル%;
(IV) リポソームの安定化剤0.2~75モル%。
(合計100モル%)
上記成分(I) 2~80モル%
上記成分(II) 0.1~70モル%
上記成分(III) 0.3~60モル%
上記成分(IV) 10~70モル%
(合計100モル%)
上記成分(I) 4~60モル%
上記成分(II) 0.1~60モル%
上記成分(III) 0.4~50モル%
上記成分(IV) 20~60モル%
(合計100モル%)
上記成分(I) 5~40モル%
上記成分(II) 0.1~50モル%
上記成分(III) 0.5~25モル%
上記成分(IV) 25~55モル%
(合計100モル%)
(A)リン脂質、反応性脂質、リポソームの安定化剤を含有するリポソームを調製し、これにペプチド及び2価反応性化合物を添加し、リポソーム中に含有される反応性リン脂質の官能基と、該ペプチドの官能基とを、2価反応性化合物を介して連結する方法。ここで用いることができる2価反応性化合物は、反応性リン脂質の末端変性体調製において用いたものを同様に用いることができる。具体的には、アルデヒド基を有する2価反応性化合物として、グリオキサール、グルタルアルデヒド、サクシンジアルデヒド、テレフタルアルデヒド等が挙げられる。好ましくは、グルタルアルデヒドが挙げられる。更に、コハク酸イミド基を有する2価反応性化合物として、ジチオビス(サクシンイミジルプロピオネート)、エチレングリコール-ビス(サクシンイミジルサクシネート)、ジサクシンイミジルサクシネート、ジサクシンイミジルスベレート、又はジサクシンイミジルグルタレート等が挙げられる。また、片末端にサクシンイミド基、もう一方の片末端にマレイミド基を有する2価反応性化合物として、N-サクシンイミジル-4-(p-マレイミドフェニル)ブチレート、スルホサクシンイミジル-4-(p-マレイミドフェニル)ブチレート、N-サクシンイミジル-4-(p-マレイミドフェニル)アセテート、N-サクシンイミジル-4-(p-マレイミドフェニル)プロピオネート、サクシンイミジル-4-(N-マレイミドエチル)-シクロヘキサン-1-カルボキシレート、スルホサクシンイミジル-4-(N-マレイミドエチル)-シクロヘキサン-1-カルボキシレート、N-(γ-マレイミドブチリルオキシ)サクシンイミド、N-(ε-マレイミドカプロイルオキシ)サクシンイミド等を使用することができる。かかる2価反応性化合物を使用すると、官能基としてマレイミド基を有する反応性リン脂質(例えばホスファチジルエタノールアミン)の末端変性体が得られる。
(B)リン脂質、反応性リン脂質、リポソームの安定化剤を含有するリポソームを調製し、これにペプチドを添加し、リポソームに含まれる反応性リン脂質の官能基と、該ペプチドの官能基を連結して結合させる方法。
(A-1)アミノ基を表面に有するリポソームを得るために、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有する反応性リン脂質(例 ホスファチジルエタノールアミン)をリポソーム原料脂質(リン脂質、リポソームの安定化剤等)中に混合して、アミノ基がリポソーム表面に所定量存在するリポソームを作成する。
(A-2)前記リポソーム懸濁液に、ペプチドを添加する。
(A-3)次に、2価反応性化合物としてグルタルアルデヒドを加えて、所定の時間反応させてリポソームとペプチドとの間にシッフ塩基結合を形成する。
(A-4)その後、余剰のグルタルアルデヒドの反応性を失活させるため、アミノ基含有水溶性化合物としてグリシンをリポソーム懸濁液に加えて反応させる。
(A-5)ゲルろ過、透析、限外ろ過、遠心分離等の方法により、リポソームに未結合のペプチド、グルタルアルデヒドとグリシンとの反応産物、及び余剰のグリシンを除去して、本発明のペプチド結合リポソーム懸濁液を得る。
(B-1)不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基を有するジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンとジサクシンイミジルサクシネートを公知の方法で片末端のみ反応させて、官能基としてサクシンイミド基を末端に有するジサクシンイミジルサクシネート結合ジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンを得る。
(B-2)前記ジサクシンイミジルサクシネート結合ジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンと他のリポソーム構成成分(リン脂質、リポソームの安定化剤等)とを公知の方法で混合し、表面に官能基としてサクシンイミド基を有するリポソームを作成する。
(B-3)前記リポソーム懸濁液に、ペプチドを加え、該ペプチド中のアミノ基と、リポソーム表面のサクシンイミド基とを反応させる。
(B-4)未反応のペプチド、反応副生物等を、ゲルろ過、透析、限外ろ過、遠心分離等の方法により除去して、本発明のペプチド結合リン脂質を含有するリポソームの懸濁液を得る。
本発明はまた、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を誘導し得るペプチドであって、配列番号1又は2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、且つ9~11アミノ酸の長さを有するペプチド(本発明のペプチド)を提供する。
本発明のペプチドやペプチド結合リポソームを用いれば、特異的に本発明のペプチド又は本発明のエピトープペプチドを認識する細胞傷害性Tリンパ球(CTL)を強力に誘導することが可能となる。本発明のペプチドやペプチド結合リポソームにより誘導される細胞傷害性Tリンパ球は、C型肝炎ウイルスに感染した結果、HLA上に本発明のペプチド又は本発明のエピトープペプチドを提示した細胞を殺傷し、これらの細胞を除去する。従って、本発明のペプチドやペプチド結合リポソームは、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球活性化剤やC型肝炎ウイルスワクチンとしてC型肝炎の治療や予防に有用である。
マウスは、マウス固有のMHCクラスI遺伝子であるH-2DとH-2K、及びβ2-microglobulin遺伝子がノックアウトされ、ヒトのHLA-A*0201及びβ2-microglobulin遺伝子が導入され発現しているHHDマウス(Pascolo S, Bervas N, Ure JM, Smith AG, Lemonnier FA, Perarnau B. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 1997; 185(12):2043-2051)を使用した。一部の実験にはHHD(雄)とC57BL/6マウス(雌、東京実験動物株式会社から購入)をかけ合わせて生まれた仔(F1)を用いた。ペプチド結合リポソームの免疫は、6種のペプチドプールを結合したリポソームの場合は100μl/匹で、単独のペプチド結合リポソームの場合は20μl/匹で、それぞれCpG5002(北海道システムサイエンス(株)に合成を委託)(5μg/匹)と共に皮下注射し、7日後に(1)NS3を発現する組換えワクシニアウイルス(VV-NS3)による感染実験、(2)51Cr放出試験、又は(3)ELISPOT(IFN-γ)に供した。
免疫の陽性対照として、HCVのNS3、NS4、NS5A遺伝子を発現する組換えアデノウイルスAdex1CA3269(Makimura M, Miyake S, Akino N et al. Vaccine 1996; 14:28-34、Urbani S, Uggeri J, Matsuura Y et al. Hepatology 2001; 33(6):1533-1543、Ohno S, Moriya O, Yoshimoto T, Hayashi H, Akatsuka T, Matsui M., Viral Immunol. 2006; 19:458-467)の5×107PFUを腹腔内接種したマウスを用いた。エピトープの免疫原性の比較実験で、上記のAdex1CA3269による免疫に加え、HCV-NS3遺伝子を発現する組換えワクシニアウイルス(VV-NS3)の1×107PFUを腹腔内接種する免疫も行った。
HCV-NS3遺伝子を発現する組換えワクシニアウイルス(VV-NS3)は、既に報告した方法(Ohnishi Y, Shioda T, Nakayama K et al. The Journal of Virology 1994; 68(6):4075-4079)と同様に次のように作成した。HCV cDNAクローンpBRTM/HCV1-3011con(Kolykhalov AA, Agapov EV, Blight KJ, Mihalik K, Feinstone SM, Rice CM. Science 1997; 277:570-574)を鋳型にして、センスプライマー5’-GCCGGATCCATGGTCTCCAAGGGGTGGAG-3’(配列番号29)とアンチセンスプライマー5’-TCACGTGACGACCTCCAGGTCGGCC-3’(配列番号30)を用いてHCV-NS3遺伝子を増幅し、トランスファーベクターpNZ68K2に組み込んだ。このトランスファーベクターと野生型ワクシニアウイルスA(VV-wt)(WR株)との間の相同組み換えによりHCV-NS3遺伝子を組み込んだワクシニアウイルス(VV-NS3)を作成し、5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine存在下にC143細胞に感染させてプラーク精製を3回繰り返した後、CV-1細胞で増幅した。
免疫マウスに組換えワクシニアウイルス(VV-NS3)を2×106PFU腹腔内接種し、5日後に両側の卵巣を摘出した。卵巣をホモジナイズした後、1% FCSと1 mM MgCl2を含むPBS 0.5 mlで希釈し、凍結融解を3回繰り返した後、ソニケーションを行なった。10倍の階段希釈を行ない、それぞれを6-ウェルプレート中のBS-C-1細胞に加え、48時間後に0.1% crystal violetで染色し、プラークをカウントした。結果はマウス当たりのplaque forming unit (PFU)で表した。
正常HHDマウスの脾臓細胞をとり、これに10μMのペプチドを加えて2時間培養した。その後X線照射(40Gy)し、培養液で洗浄したものを刺激細胞とした。これに倍量の免疫マウス由来脾臓細胞を加え、6-7日間刺激培養した。これをエフェクター細胞とし、その細胞傷害活性を以下のように標準的な51Cr放出試験(Shirai M, Akatsuka T, Pendleton CD et al. J Virol 1992; 66:4098-4106)で測定した。標的細胞として、HHDマウスと同様に、ヒトのHLA-A*0201及びβ2-microglobulin遺伝子が導入され発現しているマウスのリンパ腫由来細胞株、RMA-HHD (H-2b)(Pascolo S, Bervas N, Ure JM, Smith AG, Lemonnier FA, Perarnau B. The Journal of Experimental Medicine 1997; 185(12):2043-2051)(RPMI1640、10% FCS、G418 500μg/mlで培養)を用いた。この細胞1×106個に10μMのペプチドを加えて2時間培養した後に100μCiのNa2 51CrO4を加えて30分間インキュベートして標識し、培養液で洗浄した後、96穴培養プレートに5×103個/ウェルずつ入れ、それに上記のエフェクター細胞を種々のエフェクター/標的細胞比(E/T ratio)で加えて37℃で4時間インキュベートした。上清中の放射活性をガンマカウンターで測定し、以下の計算式で“% Specific Lysis”を算出した。
% specific lysis = [(cpmsample - cpmspontaneous)/(cpmmaximum- cpmspontaneous)] X
100
cpmは1分当たりのカウント、spontaneous releaseはエフェクター細胞非存在下でのカウント、maximum releaseは標的細胞を2% Nonidet P-40を加えることで完全溶解した時のカウントをそれぞれ意味する。
免疫マウス脾臓中の抗原特異的にインターフェロンガンマ(IFN-γ)を産生するT細胞を、ELISPOTキット(BD Bioscience)を用いて測定した。96ウェルプレートに抗IFN-γ抗体(clone R4-6A2)を0.5μg入れ、4℃で一晩静置した後洗浄し、10% FCSを含むRPMI 1640培地を加えて室温で2時間のブロッキングを行った。各ウェルに免疫マウス脾臓細胞を1×105又は1×106個、及び正常HHDマウスの脾臓細胞にペプチドをパルスしX線照射(40Gy)したものをその10分の1量加え、37℃で2日間培養した。各ウェルの細胞を洗浄除去し、ビオチン標識抗マウスIFN-γ抗体と室温で2時間反応させた後、streptavidin-horseradish peroxidaseと室温で1時間反応させ、最後に3-amino-9-ethylcarbazoleを含む基質液を加えてスポットを発色させた。乾燥後に各ウェルのスポットの数を実体顕微鏡で観察して数えた。
リポソームの調製
1)脂質混合粉末の調製
末端変性ホスファチジルエタノールアミンからなる反応性リン脂質(サクシンイミジル基-ジオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン)の合成
ジオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン2g及びトリエチルアミン180μlをクロロホルム50mlに溶解及び添加し、300ml容の4つ口フラスコに入れた。このフラスコをマグネットスタラーで室温で攪拌しつつ、別に調製した2価反応性化合物であるジサクシンイミジルスベレート3gをクロロホルム80mlに溶解した溶液を、常法に従って4時間に亘って滴下し、ジオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミンのアミノ基にジサクシンイミジルスベレートの片末端を反応させた。この粗反応溶液をナス型フラスコに移し、エバポレータによって溶媒を留去した。次に、このフラスコに粗反応物を溶解できるだけのクロロホルムを少量加えて高濃度粗反応物溶液を得、クロロホルム/メタノール/水(65/25/1、体積比)で平衡化したシリカゲルを用いて常法に従ってカラムクロマトグラフィーを行い、目的のジオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミンのアミノ基にジサクシンイミジルスベレートの片末端が結合した画分のみを回収し、溶媒を留去して目的の反応性リン脂質であるサクシンイミド基-ジオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミンを得た。
2)脂質混合粉末の調製
ジオレオイルホスファチジルコリン1.3354g(1.6987mmol)、前項で調製したサクシンイミド基-ジオレオイルホスファチジルエタノールアミン0.2886g(0.2831mmol)、コレステロール0.7663g(1.9818mmol)及びジオレオイルホスファチジルグリセロールNa塩0.4513g(0.5662mmol)をナス型フラスコに取り、クロロホルム/メタノール/水(65/25/4、容量比)混合溶剤50mlを入れ、40℃にて溶解した。次にロータリーエバポレーターを使用して減圧下で溶剤を留去し、脂質の薄膜を作った。更に注射用蒸留水を30ml添加し、攪拌して均一のスラリーを得た。このスラリーを凍結させ、凍結乾燥機にて24時間乾燥させ脂質混合粉末を得た。
3)リポソームの調製
次に、別途作製した緩衝液(1.0mM Na2HPO4/KH2PO4、0.25Mサッカロース、pH7.4、以後緩衝液と略す)60mlを上記脂質混合粉末の入ったナス型フラスコ内に入れ、40℃にて攪拌しながら脂質を水和させ、リポソームを得た。次にエクストルーダーを用いてリポソームの粒径を調整した。まず8μmのポリカーボネートフィルターを通過させ、続いて5μm、3μm、1μm、0.65μm、0.4μm及び0.2μmの順にフィルターを通過させた。リポソーム粒子の平均粒径206nm(動的光散乱法による測定)が得られた。
CTLエピトープの検索
C型肝炎ウイルスHCV-1a株polyprotein(GenBank accession #: AAB66324)のNS3領域のアミノ酸配列から、CTLエピトープとして報告されている6種を含む25種類のエピトープを選択した。これらのエピトープについて、インターネット上で利用可能な予測プログラム(BIMAS及びSYFPEITHI)を用いて、細胞傷害性T細胞(CTL)に対する予想抗原性のスコアを計算した(表1)。
ワクチン効果を有するペプチドのスクリーニング
1)ペプチドプールからのリポソーム製剤の調製
実施例1の25の候補ペプチドのうち、極めて溶解性の低かった#22を除いた24のペプチドを、4つのグループ(NS3-IからIV)にプールした。なお、NS3-Iには、既知の6つのCTLエピトープペプチドをプールした。各プールを用いて、ペプチド結合リポソームを以下の方法により調製した。
参考例1(リポソームの調製)のリポソーム1.5mlを試験管に採取し、別に調製した3mlの各ペプチドプール溶液を加えた後、5℃で48時間穏やかに攪拌し反応させた。この反応液を、緩衝液で平衡化したSepharoseCL-4Bを用いて常法に従ってゲル濾過した。尚、リポソーム画分は白濁しているので、目的画分は容易に確認できるが、UV検出器等で確認しても良い。
得られたリポソーム懸濁液中のリン濃度を測定し(リン脂質テストWako)、リン脂質由来のリン濃度を2mMになるように濃度を緩衝液で希釈調整し、各ペプチド結合リポソームの懸濁液を得た。
2)ワクチン効果の測定
1)で調製したペプチド結合リポソームについて、HCVのNS3を組み込んだ組換えワクシニアウイルスに対するワクチン効果を測定した(図1)。その結果、いずれのプールも一定のワクチン効果を示したが、特にNS3-II及びNS3-IIIが高いワクチン効果を示した。
また各プール中のペプチドの免疫原性を調べた(図2)。ELISPOT法により各ペプチドの刺激によるIFN-γ産生細胞数を測定したところ、ペプチド#3、#13、#14、#17、#19、及び#23の刺激によるIFN-γ産生が確認された。また51Cr放出試験によりCTLの細胞傷害性を測定したところ、前記ペプチドを含む複数のペプチドについて細胞傷害性が確認された。特に、#3、#8、#13、#14、#17、#19、及び#23のペプチドは、強力に抗原特異的なCTLを誘導した。
3)各ペプチドからのリポソーム製剤の調製
上記試験においてCTL誘導性を有することが示唆されたペプチド#3、#13、#14、#17、#19、及び#23について、各ペプチドからペプチド結合リポソームを以下の方法により調製した。
参考例1(リポソームの調製)のリポソーム1.5mlを試験管に採取し、別に調製した3mlの各ペプチド溶液(1.25mM、緩衝液溶液)を加えた後、5℃で48時間穏やかに攪拌し反応させた。この反応液を、緩衝液で平衡化したSepharoseCL-4Bを用いて常法に従ってゲル濾過した。
得られたリポソーム懸濁液中のリン濃度を測定し(リン脂質テストWako)、リン脂質由来のリン濃度を2mMになるように濃度を緩衝液で希釈調整し、各ペプチド結合リポソームの懸濁液を得た。
4)ペプチド結合リポソームのワクチン効果の測定
3)で調製したペプチド結合リポソームの免疫原性を調べた(図3)。その結果、いずれのペプチド結合リポソームを用いた場合にもIFN-γ産生が認められ、特にペプチド#3を用いた場合に顕著であった。またペプチド#3、#13、#17及び#23については細胞傷害性T細胞の誘導も確認された。細胞傷害性T細胞の誘導についても、ペプチド#3を用いた場合の効果が顕著であった。
さらにこれらのペプチド結合リポソームのワクチン効果を調べたところ、ペプチド#3、#13、#19を用いた場合に顕著なワクチン効果が得られることが明らかとなった(図4)。
なお、ペプチド#3は、配列番号1で表されるアミノ酸配列(YMNTPGLPV)からなるペプチドであり、ペプチド#13は、配列番号5で表されるアミノ酸配列(GMFDSSVLC)からなるペプチドであり、ペプチド#19は、配列番号3で表されるアミノ酸配列(IMTCMSADL)からなるペプチドである。
・ 予測プログラム(BIMAS、SYFPEITHI)における細胞傷害性T細胞(CTL)に対する予想抗原性スコアと、ペプチド結合リポソームのCTL誘導活性は必ずしも相関しないこと。
・ ペプチドのリポソームに結合しない場合におけるCTL誘導活性と、リポソームに結合した場合におけるCTL誘導活性とは、必ずしも相関しないこと。
種々の実験系におけるペプチド#3の免疫原性
上記のリポソームを用いた試験において顕著なワクチン効果を示したペプチド#3の免疫原性について、他の実験系を用いて更に検討した(図5及び図6)。
上記のように、単独で細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を誘導するペプチドが、リポソーム結合により効率よく細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を誘導するとは限らない。このことをさらに確認するために、ヒトのHLA-A*0201遺伝子とマウス固有のH-2b遺伝子の両方を発現するマウス(HHD(雄)とC57BL/6マウス(雌)をかけ合わせて生まれた仔)に4種のペプチド結合リポソームを免疫して、それらの免疫原性を比較した(図5)。
その結果、マウスH-2bのエピトープペプチド1630-1637を結合したリポソームは高い免疫原性を示したのに対し、ヒトHLA-A*0201のエピトープ1073-1081又は1585-1593を結合したものは免疫原性が低かった。エピトープ1073-1081及びエピトープ1585-1593は、C型肝炎ウイルスの優れたエピトープペプチドとして知られているペプチドであるが、これらが顕著な免疫原性を示さなかったことは、優れたエピトープペプチドを用いたとしても、優れた免疫原性を有するペプチド結合リポソームは必ずしも得ることができないことを示している。これに対してペプチド#3は、リポソーム結合により、マウスのエピトープ1630-1637と同程度の高い免疫原性を示した。
さらにAdex13269とVV-NS3による免疫実験では、ペプチド#3の免疫原性が低いことが明らかとなった(図6)。なお、1031-1039は、HCV NS3のHLA-A24(A*2402)エピトープであり、ここでは陰性対照として用いた。
これらの結果は、ペプチド#3が、NS3全体で免疫した場合には免疫原性を有さないが、リポソーム結合によって優れた免疫原性を発現することを示す。即ち、ペプチド#3は、特にリポソームに結合させて細胞傷害性Tリンパ球活性化剤やC型肝炎ウイルスワクチンとして使用されるのに適している。
Lip-#3のブースト効果
Lip-#3のブースト効果を、ELISPOTにより確認した(図7)。図7下パネルに示すタイムスケジュールで、HHDマウスにLip-#3の接種を2回行なったところ、顕著なIFN-γ産生の増加が認められた。このことは、Lip-#3をC型肝炎の治療用ワクチンとして使用し得ることを示す。
Lip-#3の免疫原性の用量依存性
Lip-#3の免疫原性をより詳細に検討するために、段階希釈したLip-#3を用いてELISPOTによりIFN-γ産生を測定した(図8)。その結果、わずか0.28μgの用量でIFN-γ産生を引き起こすことができ、Lip-#3が極めて低用量でも優れた免疫原性を有することが示された。
Lip-#3の交差反応性
ペプチド#3はHCV-1a株由来のペプチドである。Lip-#3による免疫により誘導したCTLが、別のHCV株由来のペプチドに対しても反応性を示すか、51Cr放出試験により検討した(図9)。その結果、Lip-#3による免疫で、HCV-1b株由来の#3-2L(配列番号4)に対しても、HCV-1a株由来のペプチド#3に対する反応と同程度の強いCTL反応が生じることが分かった。即ち、Lip-#3により免疫するだけで、HCV-1a株とHCV-1b株の両方に対するワクチン効果が期待できることが示された。
Lip-#13及びLip-#13-1Aの交差反応性
ペプチド#13及び#13-1A(配列番号2)は、それぞれHCV-1a株及びHCV-1b(J1)株由来のペプチドである。実施例6と同様に、Lip-#13及びLip-#13-1Aについて、51Cr放出試験により交差反応性を調べた(図10)。ただし、図10下パネルに示すタイムスケジュールで、ペプチド結合リポソームの接種を2回行なった。Lip-#13による免疫では、#13に対するCTL反応には及ばないものの、#13-1Aに対しても強いCTL反応が生じることが分かった。またLip-#13-1Aによる免疫では、#13に対しても、#13-1Aに対する反応と同程度の強いCTL反応が生じることが分かった。即ち、Lip-#13又はLip-#13-1Aのいずれかにより免疫するだけで、HCV-1a株とHCV-1b(J1)株の両方に対するワクチン効果が期待できることが示された。
Lip-#19及びLip-#19-3Aの交差反応性
ペプチド#19及び#19-3A(配列番号6)は、それぞれHCV-1a株及びHCV-1b(J1)株由来のペプチドである。実施例6と同様に、Lip-#19及びLip-#19-3Aについて、51Cr放出試験により交差反応性を調べた(図11)。ただし、図11下パネルに示すタイムスケジュールで、ペプチド結合リポソームの接種を2回行なった。Lip-#19による免疫では、#19-3Aに対しても、#19に対する反応と同程度の強いCTL反応が生じることが分かった。またLip-#19-3Aによる免疫では、#19に対しても、#19-3Aに対する反応と同程度の強いCTL反応が生じることが分かった。即ち、Lip-#19又はLip-#19-3Aのいずれかにより免疫するだけで、HCV-1a株とHCV-1b(J1)株の両方に対するワクチン効果が期待できることが示された。また#19と#19-3Aとを比較すると、#19-3Aを結合したリポソームの方がワクチン効果が高いことが示された。
Claims (19)
- ペプチドが結合したリポソームであって、
該ペプチドが、
C型肝炎ウイルスNS3タンパク質のアミノ酸配列中の9アミノ酸以上の長さの部分アミノ酸配列を含み、
9~11アミノ酸の長さを有し、且つ
細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を誘導し得るものであり;
該リポソームが、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質、及びリポソームの安定化剤を含有し;且つ
該リポソームの表面に該ペプチドが結合している、
ペプチド結合リポソーム。 - リン脂質が、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基を有するリン脂質である、請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
- アシル基がオレオイル基である、請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
- リン脂質が、ジアシルホスファチジルセリン、ジアシルホスファチジルグリセロール、ジアシルホスファチジン酸、ジアシルホスファチジルコリン、ジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、サクシンイミジル-ジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミン、及びマレイミド-ジアシルホスファチジルエタノールアミンから選ばれる少なくとも1つである、請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
- リポソームの安定化剤がコレステロールである、請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
- ペプチドが、リポソームを構成するリン脂質膜に含まれる不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質に結合している、請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
- リポソームが以下の組成を有する、請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソーム:
(A)不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質 1~99.8モル%;
(B)リポソームの安定化剤 0.2~75モル%。 - リポソームが以下の組成を有する、請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソーム:
(I)不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有する酸性リン脂質 1~85モル%;
(II)不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有する中性リン脂質 0.01~80モル%;
(III)ペプチドが結合した、不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24のアシル基又は不飽和結合を1個有する炭素数14~24の炭化水素基を有するリン脂質 0.2~80モル%;
(IV)リポソームの安定化剤 0.2~75モル%。 - 部分アミノ酸配列が、配列番号1~3、5及び6のいずれかで表されるアミノ酸配列である、請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
- 請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソームを含む、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球活性化剤。
- 更にCpG-DNAを含有することを特徴とする、請求項10記載の細胞傷害性Tリンパ球活性化剤。
- 請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソームを含む、C型肝炎ウイルスワクチン。
- 更にCpG-DNAを含有することを特徴とする、請求項12記載のC型肝炎ウイルスワクチン。
- C型肝炎の治療用である、請求項12記載のC型肝炎ウイルスワクチン。
- C型肝炎の予防用である、請求項12記載のC型肝炎ウイルスワクチン。
- 細胞傷害性Tリンパ球を誘導し得るペプチドであって、配列番号1又は2で表されるアミノ酸配列を含み、且つ9~11アミノ酸の長さを有する、ペプチド。
- C型肝炎の予防又は治療において使用するための、請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソーム。
- 哺乳動物に請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソームの予防的又は治療的有効量を投与することを含む、該哺乳動物におけるC型肝炎の予防又は治療方法。
- C型肝炎ウイルスワクチンを製造するための、請求項1記載のペプチド結合リポソームの使用。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11823616.5A EP2615104B1 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2011-09-07 | Hepatitis c virus liposome vaccine |
| US13/821,718 US20130183376A1 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2011-09-07 | Hepatitis c virus liposome vaccine |
| JP2012533011A JP5930967B2 (ja) | 2010-09-08 | 2011-09-07 | C型肝炎ウイルスリポソームワクチン |
| US14/831,539 US9814785B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2015-08-20 | Hepatitis C virus liposome vaccine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010201160 | 2010-09-08 | ||
| JP2010-201160 | 2010-09-08 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/821,718 A-371-Of-International US20130183376A1 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2011-09-07 | Hepatitis c virus liposome vaccine |
| US14/831,539 Continuation US9814785B2 (en) | 2010-09-08 | 2015-08-20 | Hepatitis C virus liposome vaccine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012033142A1 true WO2012033142A1 (ja) | 2012-03-15 |
Family
ID=45810738
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/070408 Ceased WO2012033142A1 (ja) | 2010-09-08 | 2011-09-07 | C型肝炎ウイルスリポソームワクチン |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20130183376A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2615104B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5930967B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012033142A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016047509A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-03-31 | 学校法人埼玉医科大学 | ペプチド結合リポソーム、細胞傷害性tリンパ球活性化剤、及び抗腫瘍ワクチン |
| JP2016526532A (ja) * | 2013-06-14 | 2016-09-05 | インターベット インターナショナル ベー. フェー. | GpGオリゴデオキシヌクレオチドおよびサイクリックdi‐GMPを含む医薬組成物 |
| WO2019146716A1 (ja) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | 全国農業協同組合連合会 | 非ヒト動物用抗原表面結合型リポソームワクチン |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09504534A (ja) * | 1993-11-04 | 1997-05-06 | インノジェネティクス・エヌ・ブイ | C型肝炎ウイルスの免疫優性ヒトt細胞エピトープ |
| JPH09510455A (ja) * | 1994-03-17 | 1997-10-21 | ザ スクリップス リサーチ インスティテュート | C型肝炎ウイルスに対して細胞障害性tリンパ球反応を誘発するペプチド |
| WO2005118626A2 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-15 | Innogenetics N.V. | Peptides for inducing a ctl and/or htl response to hepatitis c virus |
| JP2008037831A (ja) | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-21 | Nof Corp | T細胞活性化剤 |
| US20090012004A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 | 2009-01-08 | Idm Pharma, Inc. | HLA binding peptides and their uses |
| WO2010061924A1 (ja) | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-03 | 国立感染症研究所長が代表する日本国 | 鳥インフルエンザワクチン |
| JP2010201160A (ja) | 2009-02-06 | 2010-09-16 | Panasonic Corp | ドラム式洗濯機 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2323632A1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-16 | Epimmune Inc. | Hla-binding peptides and their uses |
| WO2001021189A1 (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-03-29 | Epimmune Inc. | Inducing cellular immune responses to hepatitis c virus using peptide and nucleic acid compositions |
| CA2400215A1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2001-08-30 | Epimmune Inc. | Hla binding peptides and their uses |
-
2011
- 2011-09-07 JP JP2012533011A patent/JP5930967B2/ja active Active
- 2011-09-07 US US13/821,718 patent/US20130183376A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-07 EP EP11823616.5A patent/EP2615104B1/en active Active
- 2011-09-07 WO PCT/JP2011/070408 patent/WO2012033142A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2015
- 2015-08-20 US US14/831,539 patent/US9814785B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09504534A (ja) * | 1993-11-04 | 1997-05-06 | インノジェネティクス・エヌ・ブイ | C型肝炎ウイルスの免疫優性ヒトt細胞エピトープ |
| JPH09510455A (ja) * | 1994-03-17 | 1997-10-21 | ザ スクリップス リサーチ インスティテュート | C型肝炎ウイルスに対して細胞障害性tリンパ球反応を誘発するペプチド |
| US20090012004A1 (en) | 1998-06-17 | 2009-01-08 | Idm Pharma, Inc. | HLA binding peptides and their uses |
| WO2005118626A2 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-12-15 | Innogenetics N.V. | Peptides for inducing a ctl and/or htl response to hepatitis c virus |
| JP2008037831A (ja) | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-21 | Nof Corp | T細胞活性化剤 |
| WO2010061924A1 (ja) | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-03 | 国立感染症研究所長が代表する日本国 | 鳥インフルエンザワクチン |
| JP2010201160A (ja) | 2009-02-06 | 2010-09-16 | Panasonic Corp | ドラム式洗濯機 |
Non-Patent Citations (13)
| Title |
|---|
| BIOCHIM. BIOPHYS. ACTA, vol. 1489, 1999, pages 107 - 116 |
| CURR. OPIN. MICROBIOL., vol. 6, 2003, pages 472 - 477 |
| ITO K. ET AL.: "Identification of novel hepatitis C virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte epiotpe in NS3 region", HEPATOL. RES., vol. 36, no. 4, 2006, pages 294 - 300, XP028036716 * |
| KOLYKHALOV AA; AGAPOV EV; BLIGHT KJ; MIHALIK K; FEINSTONE SM; RICE CM, SCIENCE, vol. 277, 1997, pages 570 - 574 |
| MAKIMURA M; MIYAKE S; AKINO N ET AL., VACCINE, vol. 14, 1996, pages 28 - 34 |
| OHNISHI Y; SHIODA T; NAKAYAMA K ET AL., THE JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, vol. 68, no. 6, 1994, pages 4075 - 4079 |
| OHNO S; MORIYA 0; YOSHIMOTO T; HAYASHI H; AKATSUKA T; MATSUI M., VIRAL IMMUNOL., vol. 19, 2006, pages 458 - 467 |
| PASCOLO S; BERVAS N; URE JM; SMITH AG; LEMONNIER FA, JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, vol. 185, no. 12, 1997, pages 2043 - 2051 |
| PASCOLO S; BERVAS N; URE JM; SMITH AG; LEMONNIER FA; PERARNAU B., THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, vol. 185, no. 12, 1997, pages 2043 - 2051 |
| See also references of EP2615104A4 * |
| SHIRAI M; AKATSUKA T; PENDLETON CD ET AL., J VIROL, vol. 66, 1992, pages 4098 - 4106 |
| TETSUYA UCHIDA: "Application of ribosome surface-bound antigen to prevention and treatment of allergy", HEISEI 13 TO 15 NENDO SOYAKU TO HUMAN SCIENCE KENKYU SOGO KENKYU HOKOKUSHO, September 2004 (2004-09-01), pages 66 - 70 * |
| URBANI S; UGGERI J; MATSUURA Y ET AL., HEPATOLOGY, vol. 33, no. 6, 2001, pages 1533 - 1543 |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016526532A (ja) * | 2013-06-14 | 2016-09-05 | インターベット インターナショナル ベー. フェー. | GpGオリゴデオキシヌクレオチドおよびサイクリックdi‐GMPを含む医薬組成物 |
| WO2016047509A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-03-31 | 学校法人埼玉医科大学 | ペプチド結合リポソーム、細胞傷害性tリンパ球活性化剤、及び抗腫瘍ワクチン |
| WO2019146716A1 (ja) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | 全国農業協同組合連合会 | 非ヒト動物用抗原表面結合型リポソームワクチン |
| US12220458B2 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2025-02-11 | National Federation Of Agricultural Cooperative Associations | Antigen-surface-coupled liposome vaccine for non-human animals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150343089A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
| JP5930967B2 (ja) | 2016-06-08 |
| EP2615104A4 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
| US20130183376A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
| EP2615104A1 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
| JPWO2012033142A1 (ja) | 2014-01-20 |
| US9814785B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 |
| EP2615104B1 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8828929B2 (en) | Cytotoxic T cell epitope peptide for SARS coronavirus, and use thereof | |
| JP5686468B2 (ja) | B型肝炎ウイルス(HBV)の疎水性修飾されたpreS由来ペプチド及び肝臓に化合物を特異的に送達するためのビヒクルとしてのそれらの使用 | |
| US9889195B2 (en) | Immunogenic composition and uses thereof | |
| Chua et al. | Hepatitis C VLPs delivered to dendritic cells by a TLR2 targeting lipopeptide results in enhanced antibody and cell-mediated responses | |
| CA2242878C (en) | Induction of immune response against desired determinants | |
| CN107531736A (zh) | 脂质a模拟物、其制备方法和用途 | |
| JP5674128B2 (ja) | 鳥インフルエンザワクチン | |
| US20080038329A1 (en) | T-cell activating agent | |
| WO2012050193A1 (ja) | エボラウイルスリポソームワクチン | |
| JP5930967B2 (ja) | C型肝炎ウイルスリポソームワクチン | |
| Alekseeva et al. | Enhancement of the expression of HCV core gene does not enhance core-specific immune response in DNA immunization: advantages of the heterologous DNA prime, protein boost immunization regimen | |
| JP4917539B2 (ja) | C型肝炎ウイルスに対するワクチン組成物 | |
| JP2013166699A (ja) | 不活化したウイルス粒子を含む複合体及びその用途 | |
| JP2011126853A (ja) | 鳥インフルエンザワクチン | |
| KR20230079418A (ko) | SARS-CoV-2 수용체 결합 도메인의 입자 기반 제제 | |
| JPWO2016047509A1 (ja) | ペプチド結合リポソーム、細胞傷害性tリンパ球活性化剤、及び抗腫瘍ワクチン | |
| WO2017145951A1 (ja) | インフルエンザワクチン | |
| WO2025190968A1 (en) | Apolipoprotein lipid nanoparticle |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11823616 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2012533011 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2011823616 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011823616 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13821718 Country of ref document: US |
