WO2012035650A1 - 固体燃料 - Google Patents
固体燃料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012035650A1 WO2012035650A1 PCT/JP2010/066182 JP2010066182W WO2012035650A1 WO 2012035650 A1 WO2012035650 A1 WO 2012035650A1 JP 2010066182 W JP2010066182 W JP 2010066182W WO 2012035650 A1 WO2012035650 A1 WO 2012035650A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solid fuel
- component
- weight
- parts
- fuel according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
- C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/403—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on paper and paper waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L7/00—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels
- C10L7/02—Fuels produced by solidifying fluid fuels liquid fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
- C10L2200/0484—Vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L2250/00—Structural features of fuel components or fuel compositions, either in solid, liquid or gaseous state
- C10L2250/04—Additive or component is a polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid fuel. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid fuel that effectively uses a binder, a shape retention agent, and a vegetable oil-containing substance. More specifically, while using a vegetable oil-containing substance, the natural product-derived binder and the shape-retaining agent are effectively used, and after combustion, there are as few harmful gases and residues as possible, and the calorific value is large.
- the present invention relates to a solid fuel that leads to suppression of carbon dioxide generation, in particular, a solid fuel suitable for a power generation fuel.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose using wood waste, paper waste, and waste plastic as solid fuel.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a solid fuel using waste paper and waste plastic. This solid fuel actually has a composition of 25 to 100 parts by weight of waste plastic with respect to 100 parts by weight of waste paper, and a relatively large amount of waste plastic (20 to 50% by weight as a whole) is used.
- This Patent Document 1 describes that a wood-based waste material may be further blended, but the ratio of the wood-based waste material blended in the examples is about 10% by weight at the maximum per total composition.
- the solid fuel has a relatively large proportion of waste plastic, and therefore requires an operation of heat-treating and dechlorinating the obtained solid fuel in order to reduce the complication of combustion due to the inclusion of polyvinyl chloride. To do.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a solid fuel in which plastic, wood powder, bark, waste paper, and the like are pressure-bonded and formed into a pellet shape.
- the amount of plastic in the solid fuel is described as 10 to 80%, judging from FIGS. 2 to 4, the amount of plastic is estimated to be 30% or more, preferably 50% or more.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a method of obtaining fuel by kneading 5 to 10 parts by weight of synthetic resin waste with 100 parts by weight of wood waste and pelletizing it.
- the pellets obtained by this method have a small diameter of about 6 mm to 12 mm, do not have a sufficient calorific value, and have insufficient shape retention stability, making them unsuitable as a solid fuel for thermal power generation. It is.
- the following solid fuel is provided.
- the shape retention agent (component B) is natural rubber.
- the solid fuel according to (1), wherein the solid fuel has a prismatic shape and a cylindrical shape.
- the solid fuel of the present invention can be effectively used as a new energy source, particularly as an energy source for power generation, using a binder, a shape retention agent, and a vegetable oil-containing substance in a balanced manner.
- the solid fuel of the present invention is a new type of solid fuel that generates less harmful gas and harmful residues, has a large calorific value, and leads to suppression of carbon dioxide generation.
- the binder and the shape retention agent function effectively as a binder
- the vegetable oil-containing substance functions effectively as a heat quantity, and can be molded as a solid fuel. Since the solid fuel of the present invention does not use petroleum-derived plastics but uses a plant-derived binder, a shape-retaining agent, and a vegetable oil-containing substance, the carbon dioxide generation suppressing effect is particularly excellent.
- the solid fuel of the present invention is a solid product obtained by molding a mixture of a binder, a shape-retaining agent, and a vegetable oil-containing substance, and each raw material composition ratio and molding method will be described below.
- Binder The binder is a starch collected from seaweed containing alginic acid, and includes agarose, carrageenan, curdlan, or glucomannan, dried with at least one of these, or retained in shape. Any combination with any of the agents may be used.
- the binder is cut to 1-5 mm by cutting or cutting.
- the size referred to here means that passing through a sieve having an opening of 50 mm or less. These may be in powder form.
- (B) Shape retention agent Natural rubber or a natural rubber-containing material is used as the shape retention agent.
- guar gum tara gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, gum arabic, gellan gum, curdlan, pectin, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, xanthan gum, caraya gum, arabinogalactan, gadhi gum, tragacanth gum, far celeran, pullulan, aeromonas Gum, Agrobacterium succinoglycan, Azotobacter vinelanzie gum, Amased gum, Almond gum, Welan gum, Erwinia honey enji gum, Elemi resin, Enterobacter gum, Enterobacter shimanas gum, Oligoglucosamine, Cassia gum, Carob bean gum, Glucosamine, mackerel mugwort seed gum, sclerogum, sesbania gum, dextran, triacantos gum, troro-aoi,
- guar gum tara gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, gellan gum, curdlan, xanthan gum, gum arabic, pectin, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, xanthan gum, caraya gum, carob bean gum, most Preference is given to guar gum, tara gum, locust bean gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, gellan gum, curdlan, xanthan gum.
- the shape-retaining agent is cut to 1 to 5 mm by cutting or cutting.
- the size referred to here means that passing through a sieve having an opening of 50 mm or less. These may be in powder form.
- (C) Vegetable oil-containing substances As vegetable oil-containing substances, Nanjing yellow cocoon, cork oak, rice bran, rice, food charcoal, flax, jute, linseed, kenaf, ichibi, roselle, pepper, rush, shichitoui, okra, mulberry, banana, pineapple, Agave tequilana, Sarago, wisteria, linden, bamboo, reed, esparto, sabai grass, ghetto, kuwan grass, lalan grass, mulch grass, papyrus, dragon grass, kuzu, samurai, green plant, cashew nut, oats, lupine, calendula , Coffee, hazelnut, euphorbi, pumpkin, coriander, mustard seed, safflower, cacao, rape blossoms, oil rape, macadamia nut, nuts, sesame seeds, southern oil paulownia, eggplant, sweet potato
- the processing residue here is Nanjing yellow cocoon, cork oak, rice bran, rice, food charcoal, flax, burlap, hemp, kenaf, ichibi, roselle, basho, rush, shichitoui, okra, mulberry, banana, pineapple, agave tequilana, Sarago, wisteria, linden, bamboo, reed, esparto, sabai grass, ghetto, kuwan grass, laran grass, molochi grass, papyrus, dragon grass, kuzu, sanjo, green tan, cashew nut, oats, lupine, calendula, coffee, hazelnut , Euphorbi, pumpkin, coriander, mustard seed, safflower, cacao, rape blossoms, oil rape, macadamia nuts, nuts, sesame seeds, southern sea oil paulownia, eggplant, sweet potato, potato, wheat, rice, azabu, sunflower, soybean,
- Nanjing yellow cocoon, sesame seeds, Nanyang oil paulownia fruit seeds or pulverized products thereof are particularly preferred.
- These vegetable oil-containing substances are cut or cut to a size of 1 to 50 mm.
- the size referred to here means that which passes through a sieve having an opening of 50 mm or less, and mainly uses a seed part, but some branches and trunks may be mixed.
- (D) Composition ratio When the mixture of all components is 100 parts by weight, the A component is 1 to 85 parts by weight, the B component is 1 to 55 parts by weight, and the C component is 10 to 85 parts by weight.
- the total amount of component A and component B is 15 to 90 parts by weight, preferably 20 to 85 parts by weight, and component C is preferably 15 to 80 parts by weight.
- the ratio of the component A to the component B is 1:25 to 85: 1 by weight, preferably 1:29 to 80: 1.
- the calorific value is stabilized by being able to be solidified by using a relatively small amount of binder, shape retention agent and vegetable oil-containing substance. Further, it is desirable that the amount of the vegetable oil-containing substance is 10 to 85 parts by weight with respect to the total weight of 15 to 90 parts by weight of the binder and the shape retention agent. The ratio varies depending on the calorific value required for the solid fuel.
- (E) Molding method It is preferable to pressurize and compress the mixture of the binder, the shape-retaining agent, and the vegetable oil-containing substance in the above ratio so as to be closely dispersed.
- a method in which a binder and a vegetable oil-containing substance are mixed in advance and a shape-retaining agent is mixed in the mixture of both is preferable.
- a mixing machine a single-screw or twin-screw extruder can be used.
- twin screw extruder is desirable.
- the composition compressed and extruded from the extruder is discharged from a prismatic or circular nozzle and cut into an appropriate length to form a molded product having a prismatic or cylindrical shape. At this time, by setting the diameter of the circular nozzle to 5 to 50 mm and the cutting length to 10 to 100 mm, it is possible to obtain a solid fuel having a desired size.
- the shape is preferably cylindrical or prismatic, but the cylindrical shape is particularly advantageous.
- the size is desirably 10 to 100 cm 3 on average as the volume per piece.
- the apparent specific gravity of the solid fuel is preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 g / cm 3 .
- Solid fuel has a stable calorific value, and its calorific value is 20-30 Mj / kg. Therefore, the solid fuel of the present invention uses a binder, a shape-retaining agent, and a vegetable oil-containing substance in a well-balanced manner, and also has a high calorific value and a stable carbon dioxide generation suppression effect. It is advantageously used as
- B Shape retention agent Guar gum powdered as a shape retention agent.
- C Vegetable oil-containing substances Seeds collected from cultivated sesame seeds and their residues.
- Example 1 A mixture of 48 parts by weight of component A and 42 parts by weight of component C was mixed with 10 parts by weight of component B and extruded with a twin screw extruder to obtain a cylindrical solid fuel having a diameter of about 35 mm (length: 50 mm).
- Table 1 shows the apparent specific gravity (bulk specific gravity), calorific value, chlorine content, and morphology retention stability test results of this solid fuel.
- Example 2 A mixture of 15 parts by weight of component A and 80 parts by weight of component C was mixed with 5 parts by weight of component B and extruded with a twin screw extruder to obtain a cylindrical solid fuel having a diameter of about 35 mm (length: 50 mm).
- Table 1 shows the apparent specific gravity (bulk specific gravity), calorific value, chlorine content, and morphology retention stability test results of this solid fuel.
- Example 3 A mixture of 1 part by weight of component A and 49 parts by weight of component C was mixed with 50 parts by weight of component B and extruded with a twin screw extruder to obtain a cylindrical solid fuel having a diameter of about 35 mm (length 50 mm).
- Table 1 shows the apparent specific gravity (bulk specific gravity), calorific value, chlorine content, and morphology retention stability test results of this solid fuel.
- Example 4 A mixture of 80 parts by weight of component A and 15 parts by weight of component C was mixed with 5 parts by weight of component B and extruded with a twin screw extruder to obtain a cylindrical solid fuel having a diameter of about 35 mm (length: 50 mm).
- Table 1 shows the apparent specific gravity (bulk specific gravity), calorific value, chlorine content, and morphology retention stability test results of this solid fuel.
- ⁇ Test of solid fuel shape retention stability The shape retention stability of each of the solid fuels obtained in Examples 1 to 4 was examined.
- the “weight ratio of sharding” is obtained by sieving the solid fuel, measuring the total weight of shards of about 10 cm 3 or less, and calculating the ratio of the shards to the weight of the solid fuel before sieving. is there.
- the shape maintenance stability was repeated twice by carrying out the operation of loading 500 kg of solid fuel from the storage facility to the transport vehicle using a reach loader after molding. The evaluation results were as follows.
- Example 1 The molding state is good, and a certain shape and size are maintained even when transported to a storage facility (weight ratio of fragmentation: 3%).
- Example 2 The molding state is good, and the shape and size are maintained even when transported to the storage facility (weight ratio of fragmentation: 5%).
- Example 3 The molding state is good, and a certain shape and size are maintained even when transported to a storage facility (weight ratio of fragmentation: 3%).
- Example 4 The molding state is good, and a certain shape and size are maintained even when transported to a storage facility (weight ratio of fragmentation: 2%). (Evaluation:% by weight of fragmentation) 0% to 5%: Good 6% to 10%: Normal 11% to 15%: Bad
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1には、古紙と廃プラスチックを用いた固形燃料が提案されている。この固形燃料は、現実には古紙100重量部に対して廃プラスチック25~100重量部の組成であり、廃プラスチックが比較的多量(全体として20~50重量%)使用されている。この特許文献1には、木質系廃材をさらに配合してもよいことが記載されているが、実施例において配合されている木質系廃材の割合は、全組成当り高々10重量%程度である。前記固形燃料は、廃プラスチックの配合割合が比較的多く、そのためポリ塩化ビニルの混入による燃焼時の併害を少なくするために、得られた固形燃料を熱処理して脱塩素するという操作を必要とする。
(1)結合剤(A成分)、形態保持剤(B成分)および植物油含有物質(C成分)よりなる混合物から形成され、該混合物を100重量部とした時、A成分は1~85重量部であり、B成分は1~55重量部であり、C成分は10~85重量部であり、かつ該混合物は圧縮成形されていることを特徴とする固体燃料。
(2)該混合物を100重量部とした時、A成分およびB成分の合計量は15~90重量部である前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
(3)該混合物を100重量部とした時、C成分は10~80重量部である前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
(4)A成分:B成分の割合は重量で1:25~85:1である前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
(5)該結合剤(A成分)が、海藻由来の澱粉である前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
(6)該形態保持剤(B成分)が、天然ゴムである前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
(7)植物油含有物質(C成分)が唐胡麻、南洋油桐の果実の種子またはその粉砕物である前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
(8)1個当りの大きさが平均で10~100/cm3である前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
(9)角柱状および円筒状の形状を有する前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
(10)見掛け比重が0.3~0.6g/cm3である前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
(11)発熱量が20~30MJ/Kgである前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
(12)火力発電用として使用するための前記(1)記載の固体燃料。
殊に本発明の固体燃料においては、結合剤、形態保持剤が相互にバインダーとして、また、植物油含有物質が熱量の確保として有効に機能し、固体燃料として成形することが可能となった。本発明の固体燃料は、石油由来のプラスチックを使用せず、植物由来の結合剤、形態保持剤および植物油含有物質を使用するので、二酸化炭素発生抑制効果が格別に優れている。
結合剤には、アルギン酸を含む海藻から採取された澱粉で、アガロース、カラギナン、カードランまたはグルコマンナンがあり、これらのうち少なくとも1種のもので乾燥されたもの、あるいは形態保持剤のうちのいずれかと組み合わせたものであればよい。結合剤は、裁断もしくは切断することにより1~5mmの大きさとする。ここで云う大きさとは、目開き50mm以下の篩を通過するものを意味する。また、これらが粉末状のものでも良い。
形態保持剤としては天然ゴムもしくは天然ゴム含有物が使用される。例えばグアガム、タラガム、ローカストビーンガム、タマリンドシードガム、サイリウムシードガム、アラビアガム、ジェランガム、カードラン、ペクチン、セルロース、キチン、キトサン、キサンタンガム、カラヤガム、アラビノガラクタン、ガディガム、トラガントガム、ファーセレラン、プルラン、アエロモナスガム、アグロバクテリウムスクシノグリカン、アゾトバクタービネランジーガム、アマシードガム、アーモンドガム、ウェランガム、エルウィニアミツエンシスガム、エレミ樹脂、エンテロバクターガム、エンテロバクターシマナスガム、オリゴグルコサミン、カシアガム、カロブビーンガム、グルコサミン、サバクヨモギシードガム、スクレロガム、セスバニアガム、デキストラン、トリアカンソスガム、トロロアオイ、マクロホモプシスガム、ラムザンガム、レバン、ダルマン樹脂、モモ樹脂、タマリンドがあり、これらのうち少なくとも1種のもので乾燥されたもの、あるいは結合剤のうちのいずれかと組み合わせたものであればよい。
これらのうち好ましいものは、グアガム、タラガム、ローカストビーンガム、タマリンドシードガム、サイリウムシードガム、ジェランガム、カードラン、キサンタンガム、アラビアガム、ペクチン、セルロース、キチン、キトサン、キサンタンガム、カラヤガム、カロブビーンガムであり、最も好ましいものは、グアガム、タラガム、ローカストビーンガム、タマリンドシードガム、サイリウムシードガム、ジェランガム、カードラン、キサンタンガムである。
形態保持剤は、裁断もしくは切断することにより1~5mmの大きさとする。ここで云う大きさとは、目開き50mm以下の篩を通過するものを意味する。また、これらが粉末状のものでも良い。
植物油含有物質としては、南京黄櫨、コルクガシ、黍、米、食品炭化物、亜麻、黄麻、苧麻、ケナフ、イチビ、ローゼル、バショウ、イグサ、シチトウイ、オクラ、クワ、バナナ、パイナップル、アガベ・テキラーナ、サラゴ、藤、シナノキ、竹、ヨシ、エスパルト、サバイ草、ゲットウ、クワン草、ララン草、モロチ草、パピルス、龍須草、葛、三椏、青たん、カシューナッツ、オーツ、ルピナス、キンセンカ、コーヒー、ヘーゼルナッツ、トウダイグサ、カボチャ、コリアンダー、マスタードシード、ベニバナ、カカオ、菜の花、油菜、マカダミアナッツ、堅果、唐胡麻、南洋油桐、椰子、甘蔗、蜀黍、ジャガイモ、麦、稲、阿列布、向日葵、大豆、紅花、落花生、柳、ポプラ、スイッチグラス、エレファントグラス、芋の木、覇王樹、木材、甜菜、楷の木、綿、コパイバ、クロヨナ、ホホバ、青珊瑚、玉蜀黍、薩摩芋、神馬藻、胡麻、カルドン、鰐梨、クサビノキ、キヌア、キバナタカサブロウ、麻および桐が使用され、好ましくは南京黄櫨、唐胡麻、南洋油桐、椰子、甘蔗、玉蜀黍及びこれらの加工残渣があり、該固体燃料を発電用の設備で燃料として燃焼させる際の熱源として使用される。ここでいう加工残渣とは、南京黄櫨、コルクガシ、黍、米、食品炭化物、亜麻、黄麻、苧麻、ケナフ、イチビ、ローゼル、バショウ、イグサ、シチトウイ、オクラ、クワ、バナナ、パイナップル、アガベ・テキラーナ、サラゴ、藤、シナノキ、竹、ヨシ、エスパルト、サバイ草、ゲットウ、クワン草、ララン草、モロチ草、パピルス、龍須草、葛、三椏、青たん、カシューナッツ、オーツ、ルピナス、キンセンカ、コーヒー、ヘーゼルナッツ、トウダイグサ、カボチャ、コリアンダー、マスタードシード、ベニバナ、カカオ、菜の花、油菜、マカダミアナッツ、堅果、唐胡麻、南洋油桐、椰子、甘蔗、蜀黍、ジャガイモ、麦、稲、阿列布、向日葵、大豆、紅花、落花生、柳、ポプラ、スイッチグラス、エレファントグラス、芋の木、覇王樹、木材、甜菜、楷の木、綿、コパイバ、クロヨナ、ホホバ、青珊瑚、玉蜀黍、薩摩芋、神馬藻、胡麻、カルドン、鰐梨、クサビノキ、キヌア、キバナタカサブロウ、麻および桐の果実、種子から油を搾り出した後の搾り粕を意味し、南京黄櫨、唐胡麻、南洋油桐、椰子、甘蔗、玉蜀黍の果実の種子もしくはその粉砕物が好適である。これらのうち南京黄櫨、唐胡麻、南洋油桐の果実の種子またはその粉砕物が特に好ましい。これら植物油含有物質は裁断もしくは切断することにより1~50mmの大きさとする。ここで云う大きさとは、目開き50mm以下の篩を通過するものを意味し、主に種子部を使用するが枝や幹が一部混合されていても良い。
全成分の混合物を100重量部とした時、A成分は1~85重量部であり、B成分は1~55重量部であり、C成分は10~85重量部である。またA成分およびB成分の合計量は15~90重量部、好ましくは20~85重量部であることが望ましく、C成分は好ましくは15~80重量部である。
さらにA成分:B成分の割合は重量で1:25~85:1、好ましくは1:29~80:1であるのが望ましい。
前記した結合剤、形態保持剤、および植物油含有物質を前記割合に混合したものを緊密に分散するように加圧・圧縮することが好ましい。
殊に結合剤と植物油含有物質を予め混合しておき、その両者の混合物に形態保持剤を混合する方法が好ましく、混合する機械としては一軸または二軸の押出機を利用することができる。特に二軸のスクリュー押出機の使用が望ましい。押出機より圧縮押出された組成物は、具体的には角柱状もしくは円形状のノズルが排出し、適当な長さに切断することにより、角柱状もしくは円筒状の形状をした成形物となる。
この際、円形状のノズルの直径を5~50mm、切断長さを10~100mmとすることにより、固体燃料として望ましい大きさのものとすることができる。
本発明の固体燃料は前記した成形方法で、製造することが工業的に好ましいので、形状は円筒形乃至角柱形が望ましいが、特に円筒形が有利である。また大きさとしては、一個当たりの容積として平均で10~100cm3が望ましい。また固体燃料の見掛け比重が0.3~0.6g/cm3の範囲が望ましい。
固体燃料は発熱量が安定しておりその発熱量は20~30Mj/kgである。従って本発明の固体燃料は結合剤、形態保持剤、植物油含有物質をバランスよく利用したものであり、また発熱量も高く安定しており二酸化炭素の発生抑制効果が高いことから火力発電用の燃料として有利に使用される。
なお以下の実施例中使用した結合剤、形態保持剤および熱量増強剤は下記のものを使用した。
(イ)結合剤
結合剤として乾燥させたカラギナンを破砕したもの(大きさ25mm以下)。
(ロ)形態保持剤
形態保持剤としてグアガムを粉末状にしたもの。
(ハ)植物油含有物質
栽培した唐胡麻から採取した種子およびその残渣。
A成分48重量部、C成分42重量部の混合物にB成分10重量部を混合し、二軸スクリュー押し出し機にて押し出し、直径約35mmの円筒状固体燃料を得た(長さ50mm)。この固体燃料の見掛け比重(嵩比重)、発熱量、塩素含有量および形態保持安定性試験の結果を表1に示した。
A成分15重量部、C成分80重量部の混合物にB成分5重量部を混合し、二軸スクリュー押し出し機にて押し出し、直径約35mmの円筒状固体燃料を得た(長さ50mm)。この固体燃料の見掛け比重(嵩比重)、発熱量、塩素含有量および形態保持安定性試験の結果を表1に示した。
A成分1重量部、C成分49重量部の混合物にB成分50重量部を混合し、二軸スクリュー押し出し機にて押し出し、直径約35mmの円筒状固体燃料を得た(長さ50mm)。この固体燃料の見掛け比重(嵩比重)、発熱量、塩素含有量および形態保持安定性試験の結果を表1に示した。
A成分80重量部、C成分15重量部の混合物にB成分5重量部を混合し、二軸スクリュー押し出し機にて押し出し、直径約35mmの円筒状固体燃料を得た(長さ50mm)。この固体燃料の見掛け比重(嵩比重)、発熱量、塩素含有量および形態保持安定性試験の結果を表1に示した。
前記実施例1~4で得られた固体燃料のそれぞれについて形態保持安定性を調べた。以下“砕片化の重量割合”とは固体燃料を篩にかけ、大きさが約10cm3以下の砕片の総重量を計り、篩にかける前の固体燃料の重量に対するその砕片の割合を算出したものである。
なお、形態保持安定性は、成形後500kgの固体燃料を貯蔵施設から運搬車両へ、リーチローダーを使用して積む作業を2回繰返した。
評価結果は下記のとおりであった。
実施例1:成形状態は良好であり、貯蔵施設への搬送時においても一定の
形、大きさを保っている(砕片化の重量割合:3%)。
実施例2:成形状態は良好であり、貯蔵施設への搬送時においても一定の
形、大きさを保っている(砕片化の重量割合:5%)。
実施例3:成形状態は良好であり、貯蔵施設への搬送時においても一定の
形、大きさを保っている(砕片化の重量割合:3%)。
実施例4:成形状態は良好であり、貯蔵施設への搬送時においても一定の
形、大きさを保っている(砕片化の重量割合:2%)。
(評価:砕片化の重量割合%)
0% ~ 5% :良い
6% ~10% :普通
11%~15% :悪い
Claims (12)
- 結合剤(A成分)、形態保持剤(B成分)および植物油含有物質(C成分)よりなる混合物から形成され、該混合物を100重量部とした時、A成分は1~85重量部であり、B成分は1~55重量部であり、C成分は10~85重量部でありかつ、該混合物は圧縮成形されていることを特徴とする固体燃料。
- 該混合物を100重量部とした時、A成分およびB成分の合計量は15~90重量である請求項1記載の固体燃料。
- 該混合物を100重量部とした時、C成分は10~80重量部である請求項1記載の固体燃料。
- A成分:B成分の割合は重量で1:25~85:1である請求項1記載の固体燃料。
- 該結合剤(A成分)が、海藻由来の澱粉である請求項1記載の固体燃料。
- 該形態保持剤(B成分)が、天然ゴムである請求項1記載の固体燃料。
- 該植物油含有物質が唐胡麻、南洋油桐の果実の種子またはその粉砕物である請求項1記載の固体燃料。
- 1個当りの大きさが平均で10~100cm3である請求項1記載の固体燃料。
- 角柱状又は円筒状の形状を有する請求項1記載の固体燃料。
- 見掛け比重が0.3~0.6g/cm3である請求項1記載の固体燃料。
- 発熱量が20~30MJ/Kgである請求項1記載の固体燃料。
- 火力発電用として使用するための請求項1記載の固体燃料。
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| PH1/2013/500486A PH12013500486A1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Solid fuel |
| KR1020137009139A KR101802552B1 (ko) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | 고체 연료 |
| CA2811310A CA2811310C (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Solid fuel |
| AU2010360917A AU2010360917B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Solid fuel |
| BR112013006160A BR112013006160B1 (pt) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | combustível sólido |
| US13/822,507 US9296967B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Solid fuel |
| RU2013116435/04A RU2563241C2 (ru) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Твердое топливо |
| SG2013019161A SG188552A1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Solid fuel |
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| EP10857284.3A EP2617801B1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Solid fuel |
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| WO2021020958A1 (ru) * | 2019-07-29 | 2021-02-04 | Робертс СТРАКИС | Связующее для брикетирования каменного угля методом холодного прессования |
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| KR102492598B1 (ko) * | 2021-01-18 | 2023-02-07 | 주식회사 가배하우스 | 커피박을 이용한 캠핑용 펠릿 제조방법 |
| GB2631780B (en) * | 2023-07-14 | 2025-09-17 | Corby Renewable Energy Ltd | Biomass solid fuel and method of manufacture |
| CN118460261B (zh) * | 2024-06-25 | 2024-11-22 | 神木市翔宇能源化工有限公司 | Nge新型环保固体燃料 |
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2010
- 2010-09-17 CA CA2811310A patent/CA2811310C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-17 BR BR112013006160A patent/BR112013006160B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-09-17 KR KR1020137009139A patent/KR101802552B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-17 SG SG2013019161A patent/SG188552A1/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 US US13/822,507 patent/US9296967B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-17 PH PH1/2013/500486A patent/PH12013500486A1/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 AU AU2010360917A patent/AU2010360917B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-09-17 MY MYPI2013000850A patent/MY164308A/en unknown
- 2010-09-17 RU RU2013116435/04A patent/RU2563241C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-09-17 WO PCT/JP2010/066182 patent/WO2012035650A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2010-09-17 EP EP10857284.3A patent/EP2617801B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-09-17 CN CN2010800701872A patent/CN103221516A/zh active Pending
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| JPS6128589A (ja) * | 1984-07-19 | 1986-02-08 | Fujimaru Takayoshi | 固型化燃料の製造法並びにそれを製造する装置 |
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| JP3207830U (ja) * | 2016-09-05 | 2016-12-08 | 武 荒川 | 植物性固形燃料 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2617801B1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
| CN103221516A (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
| AU2010360917B2 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
| CA2811310A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
| SG188552A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
| BR112013006160A2 (pt) | 2016-06-07 |
| BR112013006160B1 (pt) | 2018-09-25 |
| RU2013116435A (ru) | 2014-10-27 |
| US9296967B2 (en) | 2016-03-29 |
| MY164308A (en) | 2017-12-15 |
| KR101802552B1 (ko) | 2017-11-28 |
| EP2617801A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
| KR20130139263A (ko) | 2013-12-20 |
| PH12013500486A1 (en) | 2022-10-24 |
| RU2563241C2 (ru) | 2015-09-20 |
| CA2811310C (en) | 2017-08-15 |
| AU2010360917A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
| EP2617801A4 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
| US20140190073A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
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