WO2012038573A1 - Anticuerpo contra ephrin b2 y su uso - Google Patents
Anticuerpo contra ephrin b2 y su uso Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012038573A1 WO2012038573A1 PCT/ES2011/070655 ES2011070655W WO2012038573A1 WO 2012038573 A1 WO2012038573 A1 WO 2012038573A1 ES 2011070655 W ES2011070655 W ES 2011070655W WO 2012038573 A1 WO2012038573 A1 WO 2012038573A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
- A61K39/3955—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against proteinaceous materials, e.g. enzymes, hormones, lymphokines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
- C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
- C07K2317/33—Crossreactivity, e.g. for species or epitope, or lack of said crossreactivity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
- C07K2317/622—Single chain antibody (scFv)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
- C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, and refers to a new specific antibody against ephrin B2, capable of blocking the formation of blood vessels (angiogenesis) and lymphatics (lymphangiogenesis). Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of said antibody, for example, for the preparation of a medicament.
- Angiogenesis or formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones plays a fundamental role in numerous physiological processes during embryonic development and in postnatal life: reproduction, scarring and inflammation.
- the molecular mechanisms responsible for the transition from an endothelial cell to an angiogenic phenotype are not completely known, it is a complex process that involves the proliferation, migration and assembly of endothelial cells, followed by the recruitment of other perivascular cells as pericytes or muscle cells and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (Risau, W. Nature 1997; 386: 671-674).
- Uncontrolled growth of blood vessels is an underlying disorder in numerous pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis or diabetic retinopathy and, especially in neoplastic processes.
- Tumor growth will depend on the constant supply of oxygen and nutrients through the constitution of a network of new blood vessels, so that in the absence of adequate vascularization, the cells undergo a process of necrosis and / or apoptosis that inhibits or moderates the increase in tumor volume.
- the vertebrate circulatory system is made up of lymphatic vessels that also play a critical role during the development of the organism and in pathological processes.
- the lymphatic system drains the interstitial fluid from the tissues and returns it to the blood system; In addition, it absorbs lipids from the digestive system, is part of the individual's immune defense by transporting cells of the immune system, for example in inflammation, and in pathological conditions it induces different types of lymphedema, inflammatory diseases and participates in the invasion and metastasis of carcinomas (Tammela , T. and Alitalo, K. Cell 2010; 140: 460-76).
- the study of lymphangiogenesis or formation of lymphatic vessels from pre-existing ones remained delayed for many decades and it is not until recent years that specific biomolecular mechanisms and markers have been described, which are currently being used to study the process of tumor dissemination and metastasis.
- vasculogenesis a process in which lymphatic vessels originates from endothelial precursors derived from mesoderm in a process called vasculogenesis, while the formation of lymphatic vessels seems to start from a set of venous endothelial cells in the jugular and perimensional region. Since their embryonic origin is common, both vascular systems share similar molecular mechanisms that regulate their development and maturation.
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor
- ephrins (acronym for "erythropoietin producing hepatoma receptor interactors"), together with their corresponding receptors (Eph), is also involved in the remodeling of the blood vascular system (Adams, RH and Klein, R. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2000; 10: 183-188) and lymphatic (Mákinen, T et al. Genes Dev. 2005; 19: 397-410).
- EphA receptors bind to the ephrin A subgroup ligands, characterized by being anchored to the membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecule, while Eph B receptors bind to ephrin B subgroup ligands, which are anchored to the membrane through a transmembrane region followed by a cytoplasmic domain.
- GPI glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- the arteries express the transmembrane ligand ephrin B2 and the veins express the Eph B4 receptor (Adams, RH and Alitalo K. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2007; 8: 464-478).
- This group of molecules are responsible for the regulation of various cellular functions such as morphology, migration, repulsion, adhesion and cell invasion by modifying the organization of the cytoskeleton and influencing the activities of integrins and other intracellular adhesion molecules (Pasquale, EB. Cell 2008 ; 133: 38-52).
- Eph receptors expressed in one cell depend on the interaction of the Eph receptors expressed in one cell with the corresponding ephrin expressed in another, generating bidirectional signals that affect each of the cells involved.
- Signaling from the Eph receptor is called "direct”, and depends on the tyrosine kinase domain present in its cytoplasmic region, which has the ability to autophosphorylate and phosphorylate other proteins, and the association of the receptor with other effector molecules.
- the ephrin B ligand For its part, the ephrin B ligand generates another signal called “reverse” (English “reverse") dependent on the side of the phosphorylation of several tyrosines present in its cytoplasmic region, carried out by kinases of the Src family and other receptors tyrosine kinase, and, on the other hand, of other associated proteins.
- most Eph receptors and B ephrins have a PDZ domain binding site in their cytoplasmic regions that is important for performing physiological functions, particularly of B ephrins (Mákinen, T et al. Genes Dev. 2005; 19: 397-410).
- mice deficient for these genes have an altered angiogenesis that is lethal in an embryonic state (Wang, HU et al. Cell 1998; 93: 741-753; Adams, RH et al. Genes Dev. 1999; 13: 295-306), while that the study of mice expressing ephrin B2 with mutations in active signaling sites showed that this protein controls angiogenic and lymphoangiogenic growth through the regulation of the VEGF signaling pathway (Wang, Y et al.
- Antibodies against ephrin B2 are described in WO2007 / 127506 and WO2010 / 019565.
- WO2007 / 127506 shows that the antibodies described block signaling between ephrin B2 and Eph B4 and have an angiogenesis inhibitory effect, capable of decreasing tumor volume in an animal model.
- the present invention provides a new therapeutic agent capable of controlling angiogenesis and refers to a new antibody against ephrin B2, with a sequence different from that of the antibodies described to date and a high specificity, capable of inhibiting the formation of new vessels. blood and lymphatic and significantly prevent the growth of tumors.
- the antibodies against ephrin B2 described in WO2007 / 127506 are capable of inhibiting angiogenesis, but an inhibitory effect of lymphangiogenesis is not described.
- the present invention is based on antibodies that specifically recognize and bind to ephrin B2 and refers to said antibodies and compositions and methods based on them, which is a tool important therapeutic and diagnostic against those pathologies associated with ephrin B2.
- the present invention relates to new specific antibodies against ephrin B2 that have antiangiogenic and antilinfoangiogenic activity, and are capable of inhibiting the growth of solid tumors.
- This invention provides a new solution to the problem of controlling diseases that occur with angiogenesis disorders, such as, for example, cancer.
- the B1 1 antibody described here specifically recognizes ephrin B2 so that it inhibits its binding to the Eph B4 receptor which, in vitro assays, inhibits the formation of tubules and the migratory capacity of endothelial cells ( HUVEC) and, in vivo tests with carcinoma cells of the pancreas, lung and colon, produces a considerable reduction in the number of blood and lymphatic vessels in tumors.
- the antibody of the present invention is capable of significantly retarding tumor growth and causing the decrease in their size.
- the inventors have demonstrated that the B1 1 antibody blocks the interaction of ephrin B2 with Eph B4 both in vitro and in cultured cells, where it is also shown how the antibody is capable of inhibiting the signaling of ephrin through its receptor ( see figure 5 of this report).
- the 2B1 antibody is also able to inhibit the formation of tubules and the migratory capacity of endothelial cells (HUVEC) and reduce the number of blood and lymphatic vessels in tumors in in vivo assays.
- the 2B1 antibody does not compete with the Eph B4 receptor in Biacore TM assays or Eph B4 cell block assays, as shown in Figure 5 herein. Therefore, a first aspect of the present invention relates to an isolated polypeptide characterized in that:
- to. comprises an amino acid sequence of at least 76% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1 and
- the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence with at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 99% identity with SEQ ID NO: 1. More preferably, the polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 1.
- isolated refers to said polypeptide being identified and separated and / or extracted from a natural environment.
- % sequence identity refers to the percentage of amino acids of the sequence in question that are identical to the amino acids of the sequence with which it is compared, after aligning said sequences and entering spaces , if necessary, to achieve the maximum percentage of sequence identity, regardless of conservative substitutions.
- the alignment can be carried out in different ways, known to the person skilled in the art, such as using public tools such as the BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) programs. A person skilled in the art can determine the appropriate parameters for measuring alignment, including the algorithms necessary to achieve maximum alignment of the sequences being compared.
- ephrin B2 refers, unless specifically or contextually indicated otherwise, to any natural polypeptide or to any variant of the ephrin B2 protein.
- the name of this protein is the acronym for "erythropoietin producing hepatoma receptor interactors ", although it can also be called ephrine or epine.
- a natural polypeptide can be a naturally truncated or secreted form, such as the extracellular domain, or any natural variant such as the various alternative forms of splicing, or any allelic variant.
- the polypeptide is an antibody. More preferably, the antibody is human. Preferably, the isotype of the human antibody is lgG1, lgG2, lgG3, lgG4 or IgA.
- antibody or “immunoglobulin” are used in their broadest sense, and include monoclonal, polyclonal, multispecific antibodies (provided they have the desired biological activity) and may include antibody fragments.
- the antibody can be human, humanized and / or affinity matured.
- a "human antibody” is one whose amino acid sequence corresponds to that of an antibody produced by a human.
- the antibodies of the present invention can be single-chain variable fragments (scFv) from the English “single chain variable Fragmenf.”
- scFv single-chain variable fragments
- the term “variable” refers to the fact that certain parts of the variable domains of the antibodies differ greatly in their sequence, and are the sequences responsible for the specific binding of each antibody to its antigen, however, the variability is not distributed homogeneously throughout the entire variable domain of the antibodies. This variability is concentrated in three segments called CDR , "complementity-determining regions") or hypervariable regions, present in the variable domains of both the light chain and the heavy chain. The most conserved parts of the variable domains are called the framework (in English, "framework").
- variable fragment or "Fv” is the m fragment nimo of an antibody that contains a complete site recognition and antigen binding.
- a single chain variable fragment can have a heavy chain variable domain and another light chain variable domain covalently linked by a peptide that allows heavy and light chains to be associated to form the structure of the antigen binding site.
- An Fv can also be of two chains. In any case, even a single variable domain, with only three CDRs, is sufficient to specifically recognize and bind an antigen, although with less affinity.
- Light chains of vertebrate antibodies or immunoglobulins can be of two types, called kappa and lambda, depending on the amino acid sequences of their constant domains.
- immunoglobulins are associated with different classes or types. There are five main classes or types: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM. In addition, some of them are divided into subclasses or isotypes, such as lgG1, lgG2, lgG3, lgG4, lgA1 and lgGA2.
- an antibody fragment can be any part of the antibody that maintains the function of the complete antibody.
- Some examples of antibody fragments are Fv, Fab (antigen binding fragments), Fab2 (fragments with two antigen binding sites), all well known to one skilled in the art.
- the single-chain variable fragments comprise the VH (heavy chain variable domain) and VL (light chain variable domain) domains of the antibody, these domains being in a single polypeptide chain.
- scFv-Fc formats of the antibodies of the present invention may be those known as minibodies or "minibodies", which comprise a scFv and a constant region of type CH3, or so-called scFv-Fc, which comprise a scFv and the constant regions CH2 and CH3 .
- minibodies which comprise a scFv and a constant region of type CH3, or so-called scFv-Fc, which comprise a scFv and the constant regions CH2 and CH3 .
- the term "antigen" refers to a predetermined antigen to which the antibody is capable of selectively binding.
- the antigen can be a polypeptide, a carbohydrate, a nucleic acid, a lipid, a hapten or other natural or synthetic molecule.
- the antigen is a polypeptide.
- the inventors of the present invention have studied the affinity of the B1 1 and 2B1 antibodies for the ephrin B2, finding that B1 1 has a high affinity for the antigen, the affinity constant (KD) being of 1 10 nM, while 2B1 has a lower affinity, the KD being 630 nM.
- the affinity of the binding between the recognition and binding site of an antibody and its antigen has to do with the strength of the sum of the total non-covalent interactions between the two.
- the affinity of one molecule for another can generally be represented by the affinity constant, also called the dissociation constant (K D ). Affinity can be measured by commonly known methods, such as, but not limited to, with the methods described herein.
- the polypeptide further comprises a signal peptide.
- the signal peptide is SEQ ID NO: 6, the signal peptide of the known bacterial Nase from Erwinia carotovora as pelB. This signal peptide allows the scFv to be located in the periplasm, where it folds correctly thanks to the oxidizing environment.
- a signal peptide is a small sequence of between 3 and 60 amino acids that directs the transport of a polypeptide or protein to a specific subcellular location, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria or the nucleus.
- the signal peptide can also direct the transport of the protein out of the cell, which could be equivalent to its secretion or its transport to the cell periplasm, in the case of cells such as Escherichia coli.
- Some examples of signal peptide to direct the secretion of a polypeptide are pelB, stll, ecotin, lamB, herpes GD, 1 pp, alkaline phosphatase, invertase, alpha factor and the leader sequence of protein A.
- the polypeptide further comprises at least one label.
- the label is selected from the list comprising: c-myc, FLAG, HA, histidine chain, GST, biotin, VSV-G, HSVtk, V5, biotin, avidin, streptavidin, maltose binding protein and a protein fluorescent.
- the marker is a histidine chain, c-myc or both.
- the histidine chain comprises between 4 and 12 histidines. More preferably, the histidine chain comprises 6 histidines.
- the polypeptide comprises the c-myc markers and a histidine chain.
- the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide is SEQ ID NO: 7.
- the term "marker”, as used herein, refers to a marker peptide or a marker protein, which allows the identification of the protein of interest when produced together with said protein as a fusion protein.
- the marker peptide or the marker protein is used for the identification and / or location of the protein of interest because said markers correspond to binding sites to certain molecules or atoms, such as the histidine chain, GST, avidin or streptavidin, or because they are easily detectable by immunochemical techniques, such as hemagglutinin, VSV-G, HSVtk, FLAG, V5 or myc, or because they are easily observable, such as fluorescent proteins.
- the VSV-G marker peptide belongs to the vesicular stomatitis vesicle glycoprotein.
- the HSVtk marker peptide belongs to the thymidine kinase of the herpes simplex virus 1.
- the FLAG peptide is an 8 amino acid epitope designed specifically as a recombinant protein marker.
- V5 is a small epitope present in the P and V proteins of simian virus 5 paramyxovirus (SV5).
- the myc epitope has 10 amino acids and is part of the human c-myc transcription factor sequence.
- Another embodiment of the invention is an antibody whose amino acid sequence comprises the polypeptide of the first aspect of the invention.
- a second aspect of the present invention relates to a nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide of the first aspect of the invention.
- the nucleic acid is a vector. More preferably, the vector is an expression vector.
- a nucleic acid or polynucleotide is a polymer of nucleotides of any length, including DNA and RNA.
- the nucleotides can be deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, modified nucleotides or any substrate that can be incorporated into a DNA or RNA polymer by a polymerase or by a synthetic reaction.
- encodes refers to the genetic code that determines how a nucleotide sequence is translated into a polypeptide or a protein.
- the order of nucleotides in a sequence determines the order of amino acids along a polypeptide or protein.
- a vector is a nucleic acid molecule used to transfer genetic material to a cell. Apart from said genetic material, a vector may also contain different functional elements that include transcription control elements, such as promoters or operators, regions or enhancers of binding to transcription factors, and control elements to initiate and terminate translation. Vectors include, but are not limited to: plasmids, cosmids, viruses, phages, recombinant expression cassettes and transposons.
- An expression vector is one capable of directing the expression of genes to which it has been operatively linked.
- An expression vector is used for the translation and transcription of a gene of interest, normally controlled by a promoter.
- a promoter is a nucleotide sequence that controls the translation of the gene of interest. The promoter is operatively linked to the gene of interest.
- Operationally linked refers to the functional relationship and location of the promoter sequence with respect to the gene of interest, for example, a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence.
- a promoter or enhancer is operably linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence.
- an operably linked promoter is contiguous with the sequence of interest, however, an enhancer does not have to be contiguous with the sequence of interest to control its expression.
- a third aspect of the invention refers to a cell comprising the vector of the second aspect of the invention.
- the cell can be prokaryotic, for example, but not limited, the cell can be a bacterium like E. coli that used to produce the antibody of the invention.
- the cell can be eukaryotic, such as, but not limited to, a yeast or an insect cell, which is used to produce the antibody of the invention.
- the cell can be eukaryotic and used for cell therapy, or it can be a cell that has incorporated the vector of the second aspect of the invention by gene therapy.
- the cell is a mammalian cell.
- a mammalian cell is any cell whose species belongs to the Animalia Kingdom, Filo Chordata, Subfilo Vertebrata and Mammalia Class.
- a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method of obtaining the polypeptide of the first aspect of the invention, which comprises the steps:
- the cell is prokaryotic. In another preferred embodiment of the fourth aspect of the invention, the cell is eukaryotic.
- a fifth aspect of the invention relates to a method of detecting and / or quantifying ephrin B2 which comprises the steps:
- a preferred embodiment of the fifth aspect of the invention is a method of diagnosing a disease associated with the expression of ephrin B2 comprising the steps:
- a disease associated with the expression of ephrin B2 can be, among others, any disease that occurs with a deregulation of angiogenesis, such as both neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases.
- Non-neoplastic diseases that occur with an dysregulation of angiogenesis include, but are not limited to: aberrant hypertrophy, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, proliferative retinopathy, neovascular glaucoma, macular degeneration associated with aging, macular edema diabetic, corneal neovascularization, meningioma, hemangioma, angiofibroma, thyroid hyperplasia, chronic inflammation, lung inflammation, sepsis, cerebral edema, synovial inflammation, hypertrophic bone formation, osteoarthritis, polycystic ovary, endometriosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative
- An isolated biological sample is an isolated sample of an organism such as the human or animal body and can come from a physiological fluid and / or any cell or tissue of an organism.
- the biological sample may be a tissue, for example, but not limited to, a biopsy or a fine needle aspirate.
- the biological sample isolated in step (a) is a biological fluid.
- the biological fluid may include excreted or secreted fluids from the body, as well as fluids that are not normally.
- Biological fluid may include, but is not limited to, amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus, aqueous humor, interstitial fluid, lymph, breast milk, mucus (including nasal drainage and phlegm), saliva, sebum (skin fat), serum , sweat, tears, urine, pericardial fluid, blood and blood plasma.
- the biological fluid is blood, blood plasma or blood serum.
- the biological sample isolated in step (a) of the method of the invention can be, for example, but not limited, fresh, frozen, fixed or embedded in paraffin.
- detect and / or quantify refers to the detection of the presence and / or to the extent of the amount or concentration, preferably semi-quantitatively or quantitatively.
- the measure can be carried out directly or indirectly.
- Direct measurement refers to the measure of the amount or concentration of the complex formed by ephrin B2 and the polypeptide of the first aspect of the invention, based on a signal that is obtained directly from said complex and that is directly correlated with the number of complex molecules present in the sample.
- Said signal which we can also refer to as an intensity signal, can be obtained, for example, by measuring an intensity value of a chemical or physical property of the complex.
- the indirect measurement includes the measurement obtained from a secondary component (for example, a component other than the complex) or a biological measurement system (for example, the measurement of cellular responses, ligands, "tags” or enzymatic reaction products).
- Quantity refers to, but is not limited to, the absolute or relative amount of complex formed by ephrin B2 and the polypeptide of the first aspect of the invention as well as any other value or parameter related to the complex, or which I can derive from it.
- Said values or parameters comprise values of signal intensity obtained from any of the physical or chemical properties of the complex, obtained by direct measurement, for example, intensity values of mass spectroscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance. Additionally, said values or parameters include all those obtained by indirect measurement.
- the detection as understood by one skilled in the art, is not intended to be correct in 100% of the samples analyzed. However, it requires that a statistically significant amount of the analyzed samples be classified correctly.
- the amount that is statistically significant can be established by a person skilled in the art by using different statistical tools, for example, but not limited, by determining confidence intervals, determining the p-value, Student's test or discriminant functions of Fisher
- the confidence intervals are at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%.
- the value of p is less than 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005 or 0.0001.
- the present invention allows the disease to be correctly detected in at least 60%, in at least 70%, in at least 80%, or in at least 90% of the subjects of a certain group or population analyzed.
- compare refers to, but is not limited to, the comparison of the amount of complex formed by ephrin B2 and the polypeptide of the first aspect of the invention of the biological sample. to be analyzed, also called a biological sample problem, with a complex amount of a reference sample, which is called a control.
- the reference sample can be analyzed, for example, simultaneously or consecutively together with the problem biological sample. The comparison can be done manually or assisted by computer.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the polypeptide of the first aspect of the invention to prepare a medicament.
- the medicament is used to inhibit angiogenesis.
- it is used for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a pathological condition associated with angiogenesis.
- a pathological condition associated with angiogenesis can be any neoplasia, as well as other non-neoplastic diseases, such as, but not limited to, those described in WO2007 / 127506.
- the tumor or cancer is solid.
- the cancer is from the pancreas, colon or lung.
- a tumor or cancer is said to be solid when it is a mass of tissue that does not contain cavities or fluid. Depending on the cell type, solid tumors receive different names, such as sarcoma, carcinoma or lymphoma.
- a seventh aspect of the invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising the polypeptide of the first aspect of the invention, the nucleic acid or the vector of the second aspect of the invention, or the cell of the third aspect of the invention.
- the composition is a pharmaceutical composition.
- it is characterized in that it further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the excipient must be pharmacologically acceptable.
- excipient is a component of a pharmaceutical composition that is not an active compound but a diluent, a vehicle or a filler, among others, which is considered “pharmaceutically acceptable” when it is safe, non-toxic and has no adverse effects.
- excipient refers to a substance that helps the absorption of the compound, stabilizes it or helps the preparation of the drug in the sense of giving it consistency or providing flavors that make it more pleasant.
- the excipients could have the function of keeping the ingredients together such as starches, sugars or cellulose, sweetening function, dye function, drug protection function such as to isolate it from air and / or moisture, function filling a tablet, capsule or any other form of presentation such as dibasic calcium phosphate, a disintegrating function to facilitate the dissolution of the components and their absorption in the intestine, without excluding other types of excipients not mentioned in this paragraph.
- pharmaceutically acceptable excipient refers to the excipient being allowed and evaluated so as not to cause damage to the organisms to which it is administered. Furthermore, the excipient must be pharmaceutically suitable, that is, it must allow the activity of the compounds of the pharmaceutical composition, that is, it must be compatible with said components.
- the "vehicle” or carrier is preferably an inert substance.
- the function of the vehicle is to facilitate the incorporation of other compounds, allow a better dosage and administration or give consistency and form to the pharmaceutical composition. Therefore, the carrier is a substance that is used in the medicament to dilute any of the components of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention to a certain volume or weight; or that even without diluting said components it is capable of allowing a better dosage and administration or giving consistency and form to the medicine.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is the diluent.
- the pharmaceutical composition further comprises another active substance.
- another active substance is any matter, whatever its human, animal, plant, chemical or other origin to which an appropriate activity is attributed to constitute a medicine.
- the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an antiangiogenic agent.
- a Antiangiogenic agent is a molecule capable of inhibiting angiogenesis, vasculogenesis or undesirable vascular permeability, directly or indirectly.
- antiangiogenic agents are those molecules capable of blocking an angiogenic agent, such as antibodies against VEGF, against the VEGF receptor or small molecules that block the VEGF pathway, all of them well described and known.
- the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a chemotherapeutic agent.
- a chemotherapeutic agent is a compound useful in the treatment of cancer.
- chemotherapeutic drugs are cytotoxic compounds such as anthracyclines, daunorubicin, adriamycin, derivatives of docetaxel, vinca alkaloids, vincristine, carmustine, cisplatin, fluorouracils, cytostatic compounds such as polyamine, tamoxifen, prodasone or sandostatin inhibitors, or compounds that induce sandostatin, or compounds that induce apoptosis such as sodium butyrate or mitomycin C, antibiotics such as penicillins, betalactamines, cephalosporins, cyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides or sulfonamides, or anitivirals such as AZT, protease inhibitors or acyclovir, retrovir or foscarnet
- cytotoxic compounds such as anth
- An eighth aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition of the seventh aspect of the invention to prepare a medicament.
- the medicament is used to inhibit angiogenesis.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a pathological condition associated with angiogenesis More preferably, for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of a tumor or cancer.
- the tumor or cancer is solid.
- the cancer is from the pancreas, colon or lung.
- a therapeutically effective amount is administered.
- the term "therapeutically effective amount" refers to an amount that, administered in doses and during the necessary period of time, it is effective in achieving the desired prophylactic or therapeutic result.
- a “therapeutically effective amount” of the polypeptide or pharmaceutical composition of the invention may vary with the stage of the disease, age, sex and weight of the individual, and refers to an amount that has no adverse effects or toxicity and is capable to achieve the desired prophylactic or therapeutic effect.
- An "individual” is a vertebrate.
- the vertebrate is a mammal. More preferably, the mammal is a human. Mammals include, but are not limited to, farm animals (such as cows), animals that participate in sports, pets (such as cats, dogs and horses), primates, mice and rats.
- the composition of the present invention can be presented in the form of solutions or any other form of clinically permitted administration and in a therapeutically effective amount.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the invention can be formulated in solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous forms, such as tablet, capsule, powder, granule, ointment, solution, suppository, injection, inhalant, gel, microsphere or aerosol.
- the pharmaceutical composition is presented in a form adapted to oral or parenteral administration.
- the form adapted to oral administration refers to a physical state that can allow oral administration. Said form adapted to oral administration is selected from the list comprising, but not limited to, drops, syrup, herbal tea, elixir, suspension, extemporaneous suspension, drinkable vial, tablet, capsule, granulate, seal, pill, tablet, tablet, tablet or lyophilized.
- the form adapted to parenteral administration refers to a physical state that can allow its injectable administration, that is, preferably in a liquid state. Parenteral administration can be carried out via intramuscular, intraarterial, intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous or intraosseous administration but not limited to these types of parenteral administration routes. Another possibility is that the pharmaceutical composition is presented in a form adapted to sublingual, nasal, intrathecal, bronchial, lymphatic administration, rectal, transdermal or inhaled.
- Fig. 1 Expression of the clones selected in E. coli. Analysis by electrophoresis in acrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE) and Coomassie blue staining of the expression of scFvs selected against ephrin B2 (clones 2B1, A1, B11 and E4) in E. coli (Total extract) and of the corresponding periplasmic fraction isolated by mild osmotic shock (Periplasma). Molecular weights are indicated to the left of the figure in kDa.
- Clones B11 and 2B1 are purified in larger quantities. Analysis of the purifications of scphvs A1, B1 1, E4 and 2B1 specific to ephrin B2 by electrophoresis in acrylamide gels (SDS-PAGE) and staining with Coomassie blue. The scFvs present in the respective periplasmic extracts were purified by immobilized Ni 2+ affinity chromatography. The different elution fractions of the chromatographs of each scFv are shown in the figure. Molecular weights are indicated in kDa. Fig. 3. Clones B11 and 2B1 are more specific.
- the sensograms represent the response against time (s) in those corresponding to the binding curves of clone B1 1 (A) to immobilized ephrin B2 using four different concentrations (0.4; 0.2; 0.1; 0.05 ⁇ ) and of clone 2B1 (B) at concentrations of 30, 20, 10 and 7.5 ⁇ , from which the respective affinity constants (K D ) were calculated, where K D is 110 nM for clone B1 1 and 630 nM for clone 2B1.
- Fig. 5 Study of the blockade of the binding of ephrin B2 to Eph B4.
- A. Graph showing the percentage of binding of ephrin B2 to Eph B4.
- Serial dilutions of scFv B11 ( ⁇ ) or 2B1 (o) were mixed with ephrin B2 and injected onto Eph B4 immobilized on a chip.
- the relative amount of Ephrin B2 bound to EphB4 was measured immediately after the injection of each sample and plotted as a function of scFv concentration.
- B. The scFv B1 1 is able to block the interaction between ephrinB2 and its EphB4 receptor in a cellular assay. Analysis of phosphorylation of Eph B4 receptor tyrosines in HUVEC cells in response to stimulation with ephrin B2 overexpressed on the surface of HEK293 cells. HUVEC cells and HEK293 cells that overexpress ephrinB2 were cocultured for 20 minutes in the presence or absence of the scFv anti-ephrinB2.
- VEGF was used as a positive control.
- the graph shows the quantification of tubule formation.
- Each treatment was repeated at least three times and the corresponding values (mean +/- standard deviation) are represented as the percentage of tubules formed in the presence of the antibodies tested with respect to the control without any treatment.
- * p ⁇ 0.0001.
- Fig. 7 Analysis of the inhibition of lateral cell migration by wound healing tests in vitro.
- HUVEC cells were grown to confluence and a wound was made in the cell monolayer. The cells were then incubated in serum-free medium in the absence (control) or in the presence of VEGF as a migration stimulus. Lateral migration of the cells was monitored for 24 hours in the presence of the anti-ephrin B2, B1 1 or 2B1 scFv, or an irrelevant scFv as a negative control.
- the figure shows representative micrographs (4x magnification) after 24 hours of the wound area where the initial area without cells at time 0 has been marked with dashed lines. The graph quantifies cell migration at 24 hours.
- A. Microg representative raffias (40x magnification) of histological sections of the corresponding implants removed after 6 days and stained with the CD34 endothelial cell marker.
- B The graphs show the percentage of positive area for the CD34 marker (left panel) and the relative variation of the hemoglobin content in the implants with respect to the control implant without VEGF (right panel).
- Fig. 9 Tumor growth inhibition in xenotransplanted mice with pancreatic carcinoma cells (BxPC3) and treated with B11 or 2B1.
- Fig. 10 Histopathological analysis of xenotransplanted tumors of pancreatic carcinoma cells (BxPC3) and treated with B11 or 2B1. The analysis was performed 38 days after implantation and 1 day after the last dose of antibody. The tumors were fixed with formalin and embedded in paraffin to subsequently perform the corresponding immunohistochemical staining.
- B11 is able to inhibit tumor growth in xenotransplanted mice with colon carcinoma cells (SW620) (A) and lung carcinoma cells (H460) (B).
- the graphs show the means of the tumor volumes (upper panels) and the means of the fluorescence intensities (lower panels) together with the deviations standard at each point of the groups treated with 20 mg / kg of B1 1 and of the untreated control groups.
- Fig. 12 Analysis of the biodistribution of B11 and 2B1 and location of the tumor masses.
- Nu / nu nude mice were xenotransplanted with H460 lung carcinoma cells that stably express the fluorescent protein mCherry. When the tumor reached a size detectable both macroscopically and by fluorescence intensity at 610 nm, the corresponding scFv conjugated to the fluorochrome AlexaFluor®750 were administered intravenously.
- A Images of the dorsal regions at 0.5; 2; 6; 24 and 48 hours after administration of scFv. The location of the tumors is indicated by an arrow.
- B Fluorescence intensity at 750 nm of tumors removed 6 and 48 hours after administration of scFv B1 1 and 2B1 labeled with AlexaFluor®750 and the negative control (C-) treated with PBS.
- the invention will now be illustrated by tests carried out by the inventors, which demonstrates the specificity of the antibody against the ephrin B2 of the invention, as well as its effectiveness in inhibiting the formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels.
- EXAMPLE 1 Identification and characterization of new human antibodies against ephrin B2.
- telomeres were subcloned into pET28b vectors under the T7 RNA polymerase promoter in order to provide the fragments with a histidine tail to facilitate purification by affinity chromatography.
- Recombinant vectors were generated and transformed into the E. coli BL21 line (DE3) to subsequently induce their expression with IPTG.
- the periplasmic fraction was prepared by mild osmotic shock and the presence of scFv was analyzed by SDS-PAGE (Fig. 1).
- the scFv present in the periplasmic fractions were purified by nickel affinity chromatography, followed by a change of buffer to PBS by gel filtration (Fig. 2).
- the phage surface protein display technology was used (in English, Phage display) with a human antibody library from non-immunized individuals of 1.5 x 10 scFv.
- the first round of immunoselection (in English, panning) was performed with the extracellular region of ephrin B2 fused to the Fe domain of human IgG, expressed and purified in mammalian cells, as an immobilized antigen on ELISA plates (linked immunoadsorption assay to enzymes, from English, "Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay", Maxisorp, Nunc) at a rate of 1 ⁇ g / well for 16 hours at 4 o C in PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline).
- a blocking step was carried out with 2% milk in PBS for 2 hours at 37 ° C, followed by incubation of the library for 2 hours at 37 ° C.
- the phages not specifically bound they were removed by successive washes with PBS-0.1% Tween, while antigen specific phages were eluted with 100 ⁇ trypsin.
- Escherichia coli cells of strain TG1 (MRC Geneservices) in exponential growth (Optical density at a wavelength of 600 nm (DOeoo) of 0.4) were infected for 30 minutes at 37 ° C with eluted phages.
- Infected bacteria were seeded on TYE plates (of tryptone and yeast extract, from English, "Tryptone, Yeast Extracf) supplemented with 100 ⁇ g / ml ampicillin and 1% (v / v) glucose and allowed to grow for 16 hours at 37 ° C.
- the bacteria were collected from the plates with 2xTY medium (16 g / l of tryptone, 10 g / l of yeast extract and 5 g / l of NaCI) supplemented with 15% glycerol and 50 ⁇ of the bacteria collected were diluted in 50 ml of 2xTY culture medium supplemented with 100 ⁇ g / ml of ampicillin and 1% glucose; the cultures were incubated until they reached the exponential phase and the cells were infected with 2.5 x 10 1 1 phage helper KM13 (MRC Geneservices) After 30 minutes of incubation at 37 ° C, the cultures were centrifuged, the precipitates were resuspended in the same volume of medium 2xTY supplemented with 100 ⁇ 9 / ⁇ of ampicillin, 50 ⁇ 9 / ⁇ of kanamycin and 0.1% glucose and were grown overnight at 30 ° C.
- 2xTY medium 16 g / l of tryptone, 10 g / l of yeast extract and 5 g
- the phages of each round of selection were precipitated from the culture medium. For this, the cultures were centrifuged at 3,300 x g for 15 minutes and 10 ml of PEG (polyethylene glycol) / NaCl were added to 40 ml of supernatant and left 1 hour on ice. They were centrifuged at 3,300 x g for 30 minutes and the supernatants were discarded. The precipitates were resuspended in 2 ml of PBS and centrifuged at 11,600 x g for 10 minutes. Supernatants were recovered and phages were used for the next round of selection, similar to the one described above, with the particularity that decreasing amounts of antigen were used to improve antibody affinity. The phages united in this second round were amplified and returned to undergo a third round of selection to achieve an enrichment of those carrying a scFv reactive against the ephrin B2.
- Phage ELISAs were performed to assess the degree of enrichment in specific phages of ephrin B2, resulting from each round of selection.
- Flexible ELISA plates (Falcon, BD Biosciences) were upholstered with 0.3 ⁇ g of ephrin B2-Fc and an irrelevant protein as a negative control, in PBS at 4 o C for 16 hours. After several washes with PBS, the plates were blocked with 2% milk in PBS for 2 hours at room temperature, followed by incubation with the different dilutions of the phages of each round of selection in PBS-2% milk for 1 hour. at room temperature.
- the affinity constants of the antibodies to ephrin B2 were determined by means of the surface plasmon resonance technique in a Biacore X, with the extracellular region of immobilized ephrin B2 and different dilutions of the purified scFv.
- Clone B1 1 had the highest affinity constant, this being 1 10 nM, while the affinity of clone 2B1 was lower, 630 mM (Fig. 4).
- the ability of the antibodies to compete in the binding of ephrin B2 to its natural receptor Eph B4 was analyzed with the same technique.
- Eph B4-Fe was immobilized on a chip and the binding of ephrin B2 was measured in the presence of different concentrations of B11 or 2B1.
- the presence of B1 1 blocks the binding of ephrin B2 to Eph B4 in a manner dependent on its concentration, with an IC50 of 0.3 ⁇ (Fig. 5), indicating that B11 competes for the same binding site as the Eph receptor B4
- the 2B1 antibody does not have a blocking effect (Fig. 5).
- the coding sequences of the positive scFv were amplified by PCR using pelBForward oligonucleotides or primers (SEQ ID NO: 2) 5'-CATAATGAAATACCTATTGCCTA-3 ' and cmycReverse (SEQ ID NO: 3) 5 ' - CTTATTAGCGTTTGCCATT-3 '.
- PCR products were treated with Exol (USB) enzymes, to remove unused oligonucleotides, and SAP (USB), to remove leftover dNTPs, at 37 ° C for 30 minutes and 80 ° C for 15 minutes, and said products were sequenced with both oligonucleotides. Once the sequences were obtained, they were compared to each other to determine the number of single sequence clones using the ClustalW program and the ExPAS and Proteomics server translation tool.
- scFv selected with a histidine tail that facilitates its purification they were cloned into the vector pET28b (Novagen).
- ScFvs were amplified by PCR using primers pET28-scFvMehta 5 '(SEQ ID NO: 4) 5OAGTCATCATGAAATACCTATTGCCTAC3' and pET28-scFvMehta3 '(SEQ ID NO: 5) 5OACCGGACTCGAGTGCGGCCCCATTCAG3' including two sites Real restriction and XhoI, respectively, for its subsequent cloning in the vector pET28b, previously digested with Ncol, site compatible with Real and Xhol.
- the digested insert and vector ligation was carried out by incubation overnight at 16 ° C with the enzyme T4 Ligasa (Roche) putting a molar ratio insert: vector 3: 1.
- Competent E. coli cells of the strain DH5a library (Invitrogen) were transformed by heat shock and selected on LB-Agar plates ("Lysogeny Broth") with 50 ⁇ g / ml kanamycin. A positive colony of each construction was inoculated in LB supplemented with kanamycin and grown at 37 ° C overnight.
- Recombinant vectors were purified with the Wizard kit (Promega) and the sequence was verified by DNA sequencing. Expression and purification of scFv
- Competent E. coli cells of strain BL21 (DE3) were transformed with recombinant plasmids pET28 by thermal shock. Bacteria transformed into LB plates with 50 ⁇ 9 / ⁇ kanamycin were selected.
- the expression of scFv was carried out by induction with IPTG (isopropyl- ⁇ -D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) at a final concentration of 1 mM when the ⁇ of the cultures was 0.6.
- Expression levels of scFv were analyzed by polyacrylamide-SDS gels (sodium dodecyl sulfate) followed by Coomassie bright blue staining.
- a lysis of the outer wall of the bacterium was performed by gentle osmotic shock, resuspending the cells in 1/50 volumes of TES buffer (200 mM Tris-HCI pH 8 , 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.5 M Sucrose) supplemented with 20 ⁇ g / ml of benzamidine (Sigma) and 10 ⁇ g / ml of soy trypsin inhibitor (Sigma) and subsequently diluted 1.5 times in 0.2 x TES buffer.
- TES buffer 200 mM Tris-HCI pH 8 , 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.5 M Sucrose
- the lysates were left 30 minutes on ice, centrifuged at 16,250 xg for 10 minutes and the supernatants containing the periplasmic fraction were collected. Purification of scFv was carried out by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) using Ni 2+ HisTrap columns (GE Healthcare) followed by desalting on a HiPrep 26/10 gel desalting gel filtration column (GE Healthcare ) coupled in tandem on an ⁇ KTAxpress device.
- IMAC immobilized metal affinity chromatography
- GE Healthcare Ni 2+ HisTrap columns
- HiPrep 26/10 gel desalting gel filtration column GE Healthcare
- As equilibration buffer of the affinity column 20 mM sodium phosphate pH 7.4, 0.5 M NaCl, 20 mM imidazole was used, and as elution buffer, the same as equilibration buffer with a concentration of 0.3 imidazole M. This buffer was exchanged for PBS in gel filtration.
- mice ephrin B1-Fc, mouse ephrin B2-Fc and human ephrin B3-Fc (R&D) proteins were electrophoretically separated into gels of 10% polyacrylamide-SDS and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (GE Healthcare). After blocking the membranes with PBS-3% semi-skimmed milk powder for 1 hour, they were incubated with the periplasmic fractions diluted 1: 5 in PBS-3% milk powder for 16 hours at 4 o C.
- Ephrin B2-Fc covalently bound to the surface of the CM5 chip (GE Healthcare) after activation of the carboxyl groups of the dextran matrix of the chip with 0.4 M EDC (1-ethyl-3 - (- dimethylaminopropyl) -carbodiimide ) and 0.1 M NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) in a 1: 1 ratio for 7 minutes at a flow rate of 10 ⁇ / minute.
- the ephrin B2-Fc protein was diluted to 10 ⁇ g / ml in 10 mM sodium acetate at pH 4 and 30 ⁇ of this solution was passed over the chip surface at a flow of 10 ⁇ / minute in HBS-EP buffer (10 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCI, 3 mM EDTA, 0.005% surfactant P20) (GE Healthcare). Excess activated ester groups were blocked by injecting 1 M ethanolamine at pH 8.5 at a flow of 10 ⁇ / minute for 7 minutes. Through this protocol, approximately 2,000 response units (RU) of ephrin B2 were immobilized.
- HBS-EP buffer 10 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCI, 3 mM EDTA, 0.005% surfactant P20
- Excess activated ester groups were blocked by injecting 1 M ethanolamine at pH 8.5 at a flow of 10 ⁇ / minute for 7 minutes. Through this protocol, approximately 2,000
- Eph B4 soluble was conjugated to a CM5 chip (GE Healthcare) using the same protocol described above. Serial dilutions of each scFv were mixed with a constant concentration (0.2 ⁇ ) of ephrin B2-Fc in HBS-EP buffer and 30 ⁇ of each mixture was injected at a flow of 20 ⁇ / minute on the Eph B4 coated chip . The relative amount of Ephrin B2 bound to Eph B4 was plotted as a function of the corresponding antibody concentration.
- HEK-293 cells grown with RPM1 medium (Sigma) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum were transfected with the plasmid pcDNA3-ephrin B2.
- a mixture was prepared with 20 ⁇ g of pcDNA3-ephrinB2 and 60 ⁇ of FUGENE transfection reagent (Roche) in 1 ml of OPTIMEM medium (Invitrogen) and incubated 30 minutes at room temperature.
- the cell monolayer was washed several times with serum-free OPTIMEM (Invitrogen) medium and the DNA-FUGENE mixture was added.
- the cells were lysed with lysis buffer (100 mM Tris HCI pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCI, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM DTT, 0.5% Triton X100) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktails (Roche) and phosphatases (Sigma).
- the lysate was centrifuged 25 minutes at 16,000xg, 4 o C and then, the supernatant was incubated for 2 hours at 4 o C with a preformed complex for 16 hours at 4 o C by a specific antibody against Eph B4 (R&D) and Protein G coupled to Sepharose (GE Healthcare).
- the immunocomplex was washed twice with lysis buffer and electrophoresis in 7.5% polyacrylamide SDS-PAGE gels was performed.
- Eph B4 The detection of phosphorylated Eph B4 was performed by immunoblot. For this, proteins immunoprecipitated by the anti-Eph B4 antibody and separated by electrophoresis were transferred to a Hybond-C nitrocellulose membrane (GE Healthcare) and blocked with PBS supplemented with 0.05% Tween-20 (Sigma) and Phosphoblocker® blocking agent (Cell BioLabs, Inc) at 3% for 1 hour at room temperature. Next, the membrane was incubated with the 4G10 monoclonal antibody to peroxidase-conjugated anti-phosphotyrosine (Millipore) diluted 1: 2,000 for 16 hours at 4 o C.
- 4G10 monoclonal antibody to peroxidase-conjugated anti-phosphotyrosine (Millipore) diluted 1: 2,000 for 16 hours at 4 o C.
- the visualization was performed by chemiluminescence detection with SuperSignal® West Femto Substrate (Thermo Scientific).
- SuperSignal® West Femto Substrate Thermo Scientific.
- the same membrane was regenerated with the ReBlot Plus Strong (Chemicon) agent for 15 minutes at room temperature and incubated with the anti-Eph B4 (R&D) antibody diluted 1: 1 .000 in PBS, with 0.05% Tween-20 and 5% semi-skimmed milk for 16 hours at 4 o C.
- the membrane was incubated with a conjugated anti-goat antibody (1: 5,000) with peroxidase (Dako) for 2 hours at room temperature and the bands were visualized with ECL Plus reagent (GE Healthcare).
- EXAMPLE 2 Antiangiogenic activity of antibodies B11 and 2B1 in HUVEC cells in vitro.
- HUVEC cells human umbilical vein endothelial cells, from English "Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells"
- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
- antibodies B1 1 and 2B1 and especially the first one, specific against ephrin B2, have antiangiogenic capacity and are capable of inhibiting the migration of endothelial cells in vitro.
- EXAMPLE 3 Effect of antibodies B11 and 2B1 on the vascularization of Matrigel implants in vivo.
- Implants without VEGF were used as negative controls in which no vascularization developed (Fig. 8A).
- implants with VEGF and implants with VEGF and treated with an irrelevant scFv presented a prominent vascularization, considering the positive controls of the experiment.
- Animals treated with the B1 1 antibody showed minimal vascularization, 95% lower than in the positive controls, comparable to that presented by animals implanted with Matrigel without growth factor, which is reflected in an absence of Endothelial cells positive for CD34 and hemoglobin in implants (Fig. 8B).
- the group of mice treated with the 2B1 antibody showed a 50% inhibition in vessel formation with respect to the positive controls.
- mice Nuymic nude mice 4 to 6 weeks old (Charles River) were used.
- mice anesthetized with 2% isofluorane were injected with 200 ⁇ of Matrigel (BD Biosciences).
- Another group of animals was injected with 200 ⁇ of Matrigel supplemented with 50 ng / ml of VEGF and 375 ⁇ g / ml of heparin (Sigma) in the upper abdominal area.
- treatment with scFv is initiated intravenously on alternate days, until a total dose of 300 ⁇ g / mouse is reached.
- the implants were removed and the formation of new vessels was determined based on the concentration of hemoglobin present and in histological sections stained with anti-CD34, blood vessel marker.
- a portion of each Matrigel implant was taken, weighed and homogenized in 300 ⁇ of distilled water. After centrifugation at 16,000 x g for 5 minutes, 100 ⁇ of the supernatant was taken and diluted 1: 1 with TMB substrate (3, 3 ', 5-5'-tetramethylbenzidine) (Sigma). After 15 minutes, the colorimetric reaction was assessed by measuring the optical density at 650 nm. Finally, the values were normalized against the weight of the implant.
- EXAMPLE 4 B11 and 2B1 antibodies inhibit the growth of human tumors in nude mice.
- BxPC3 cells were implanted subcutaneously to 2 groups of 8 mice and once the presence of tumor masses was detected macroscopically, intravenous treatment with B1 1 and 2B1 was initiated every other day until the 20 mg / kg dose or with PBS was completed.
- a negative control 60 days after the implantation of the tumor cells, it was observed that the group of mice treated with the B1 1 antibody exhibited a very significant reduction in tumor size, specifically 70% growth inhibition compared to the average tumor size of the tumors.
- control group Fig. 9
- Mice treated with 2B1 showed a moderate reduction in tumor growth, around 35%.
- Ki67 proliferation marker With respect to the Ki67 proliferation marker, no representative differences were observed between the tumors of treated animals and the controls, presenting about 30% of Ki67 positive cells in the three groups.
- lymphatic vessels were analyzed using the Lyvel marker; in those tumors treated with B11 the almost complete absence of lymphatic vessels was observed. In tumors treated with 2B1, a significant decrease in the number of lymphatic vessels was also observed, although not as drastically as in the case of B11.
- the anti-angiogenic, antilinfoangiogenic and tumor growth inhibitory capacity of the B11 antibody in other xenograft models was studied following the same procedure described above.
- a 90% reduction in tumor size was observed after 23 days after implantation (Fig. 1 1A), while the reduction in the case of lung cells it was 65% (Fig. 11 B).
- This reduction in the respective sizes was corroborated with a similar decrease in the fluorescence emissions of the mCherry protein, present in the tumor cells.
- Immunohistochemical analyzes confirmed the decrease in the number of vessels blood and the absence of lymphatic vessels in tumors treated with B1 1, as had been observed in the pancreatic carcinoma cell model.
- the B1 1 antibody specific for ephrin B2 has a potent antiangiogenic and antilinfoangiogenic capacity, which would result in a decrease or retardation in the growth of those tumors treated with the antibody.
- the 2B1 antibody also has a good antiangiogenic and antilinfangiogenic capacity.
- xenotransplants were performed: with carcinoma cells of the pancreas (BxPC3), colon (SW620, stably expressing the fluorescent protein mCherry (Clontech)) and lung (H460, stably expressing the fluorescent protein mCherry).
- BxPC3 pancreas
- SW620 stably expressing the fluorescent protein mCherry
- H460 stably expressing the fluorescent protein mCherry
- 1 to 5 million human tumor cells were injected subcutaneously in a volume of 0.2 ml of PBS on the flank of immunodeficient mice (nude or SCID) from the English "Severe Combined Immunodeficiency") until macroscopically observing the presence of a neoplastic mass (about 30 mm 3 ).
- the treatment was initiated by intravenous administration, through the tail veins, of the corresponding antibodies in 100-200 ⁇ of PBS on alternate days for 2 weeks or until reaching the final dose of 20 mg / kg.
- Control animals received PBS following the same guidelines. Tumor sizes were measured 2-3 times per week and, in the case of xenotransplanted mice with cells labeled with fluorescent protein mCherry, the fluorescence emission intensity was also measured (number of photons per second and centimeter square) at 610 nm in an IVIS Spectrum 200 imaging system (Caliper LifeSciences) to visualize tumor growth based on the emission intensity of the mCherry protein.
- the final processing of the images includes a subtraction of the signal residual (elimination of autofluorescence) and a color scale following a signal intensity profile.
- the animals were sacrificed by asphyxiation with CO2 when the neoplasm reached a predetermined size of 1,500-2,000 mm 3 , in accordance with current legislation regarding the use of experimental animals.
- Statistical analysis of tumor growth measures was performed by parametric analysis using the t-Student test. The level of statistical significance was p ⁇ 0.05.
- Tumor samples from xenotransplanted mice were extracted from animals slaughtered one day after the end of the antibody treatment. Said samples were fixed with formalin and embedded in paraffin. Histological sections from each tumor were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or prepared for immunohistochemical characterization.
- the proliferative activity of the tumor cells was analyzed by staining with a rabbit anti-K ⁇ 67 monoclonal antibody (DAKO), the presence of apoptotic cells was detected with an active rabbit anti-caspase 3 polyclonal antibody (R&D), the new Vascularization was measured by staining against CD34 in endothelial cells with a specific rat monoclonal antibody (Abcam) and the lymphatic vessels were labeled by staining with a rabbit polyclonal antibody anti-LYVE1 (Abcam).
- the visualization of all the cuts was carried out with 3,3-diaminobenzidine plus tetrahydrochloride (DAKO) and they were counterstained with hematoxylin. Positive cells were counted by the AxioVision (Zeiss) system.
- EXAMPLE 5 Biodistribution and localization of tumor masses in vivo.
- mice xenostransplanted with a tumor line in this case H460 lung carcinoma
- mice xenostransplanted with a tumor line in this case H460 lung carcinoma
- an AlexaFluor®750 fluorochrome Molecular Probes
- cells expressing the fluorescent protein mCherry were used.
- nude nude mice nu / nu H460 cells were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal region. When the tumors reached an approximate volume of 0.3 cm 3 , 15 ⁇ g of the antibody conjugated to AlexaFluor®750 was administered intravenously.
- the animals showed a fluorescence signal during the first hours in the upper ventral region, attributable to a certain degree of elimination of antibodies by hepatobiliary route, this fact was demonstrated when the organs were analyzed separately and it was verified that the liver at 6 hours it showed a fluorescence of about 1 x 10 8 p / s / cm 2 / sr (photons / second / square centimeter / esterdian).
- mice xenotransplanted with the H460 lung carcinoma line were used stably expressing the fluorescent protein mCherry.
- the use of cells with fluorescent markers was performed to unequivocally locate the tumor.
- 5 x 10 6 cells were injected subcutaneously and allowed to grow until the Neoplastic mass reached a size around 500 mm 3 .
- the scFvs were conjugated to the AlexaFluor®750 fluorochrome by means of the SAIVI TM Rapid Antibody Labeling Kit (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. Once the tumors reached the expected size, 15 ⁇ g of labeled antibody was injected intravenously into each mouse.
- Fluorescence images in vivo were taken at 0.5, 2, 6, 24 and 48 hours after administration of scFv labeled with an IVIS Spectrum 200 (Caliper LifeSciences) in vivo imaging system by exciting the fluorochrome at 749 nm. After eliminating the autofluorescence, we proceeded to color scale following a signal intensity profile.
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Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2013118454/10A RU2013118454A (ru) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | Антитело к эфрину в2 и его применение |
| AU2011306816A AU2011306816A1 (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | Anti-ephrin-B2 antibody and use thereof |
| CN2011800534643A CN103237812A (zh) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | Ephrin B2抗体及其应用 |
| KR1020137007045A KR20140014062A (ko) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | 항-에프린 b2 항체 및 이의 용도 |
| MX2013003168A MX2013003168A (es) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | Anticuerpo contra ephrin b2 y su uso. |
| CA2812727A CA2812727A1 (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | Anti-ephrin b2 antibody and its use |
| BR112013005977A BR112013005977A2 (pt) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | polipeptídeo isolado, anticorpo contra efrina-b2 e sua utilização, ácido nucleíco; vetor; célula; método de obtenção do polipeptídeo ou do anticorpo; método de detecção e/ou quantificação da efrina-b2; método de diagnóstico de uma enfermidade associada a expressão da efrina-b2; composição e sua utilização |
| US13/824,171 US9062109B2 (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | Anti-ephrin-B2 antibody and compositions comprising it |
| EP11826446.4A EP2620449A4 (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | Anti-ephrin-b2 antibody and use thereof |
| JP2013528731A JP2013542720A (ja) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | 抗エフリン−b2抗体およびその使用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201031402A ES2378976B1 (es) | 2010-09-21 | 2010-09-21 | Anticuerpo contra ephrin b2 y su uso. |
| ESP201031402 | 2010-09-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012038573A1 true WO2012038573A1 (es) | 2012-03-29 |
Family
ID=45873482
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2011/070655 Ceased WO2012038573A1 (es) | 2010-09-21 | 2011-09-20 | Anticuerpo contra ephrin b2 y su uso |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9062109B2 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP2620449A4 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP2013542720A (es) |
| KR (1) | KR20140014062A (es) |
| CN (1) | CN103237812A (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2011306816A1 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR112013005977A2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2812727A1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2378976B1 (es) |
| MX (1) | MX2013003168A (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2013118454A (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2012038573A1 (es) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020242910A1 (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-12-03 | The Regents Of The University Ofcalifornia | Compositions and methods for treating cancer |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104694477B (zh) * | 2015-03-03 | 2018-04-17 | 西安交通大学 | 一种EphrinB2高表达的重组HEK293细胞及其应用 |
| JP2022516611A (ja) * | 2018-12-28 | 2022-03-01 | ザ ジェネラル ホスピタル コーポレイション | 線維性疾患の治療のための抗エフリン-b2遮断抗体 |
| EP3969478A1 (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2022-03-23 | Sanford Health | Anti-human ephrin b1 antibodies and uses thereof |
| WO2025207820A2 (en) * | 2024-03-27 | 2025-10-02 | Mediar Therapeutics, Inc. | Anti-ephrin b2 antibodies and methods of use |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006022295A1 (ja) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | 抗エフリンb2抗体 |
| WO2007053718A1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-10 | The Government Of The United States, As Represented By The Secretary Of Health And Human Services, National Institutes Of Health | Antibodies and immunotoxins that target human glycoprotein nmb |
| WO2007127506A2 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2007-11-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-ephrinb2 antibodies and methods using same |
| EP1972637A1 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-24 | Universität Stuttgart | huTNFR1 selective antagonists |
| WO2010019565A2 (en) | 2008-08-12 | 2010-02-18 | Medlmmune, Llc | Anti-ephrin b2 antibodies and their use in treatment of disease |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2531684C (en) * | 2003-07-22 | 2014-03-11 | Crucell Holland B.V. | Binding molecules against sars-coronavirus and uses thereof |
-
2010
- 2010-09-21 ES ES201031402A patent/ES2378976B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-09-20 CA CA2812727A patent/CA2812727A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-20 CN CN2011800534643A patent/CN103237812A/zh active Pending
- 2011-09-20 AU AU2011306816A patent/AU2011306816A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-20 MX MX2013003168A patent/MX2013003168A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-09-20 EP EP11826446.4A patent/EP2620449A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-20 JP JP2013528731A patent/JP2013542720A/ja active Pending
- 2011-09-20 KR KR1020137007045A patent/KR20140014062A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-09-20 RU RU2013118454/10A patent/RU2013118454A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-09-20 US US13/824,171 patent/US9062109B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-09-20 WO PCT/ES2011/070655 patent/WO2012038573A1/es not_active Ceased
- 2011-09-20 BR BR112013005977A patent/BR112013005977A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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| WO2006022295A1 (ja) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-02 | Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. | 抗エフリンb2抗体 |
| WO2007053718A1 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-10 | The Government Of The United States, As Represented By The Secretary Of Health And Human Services, National Institutes Of Health | Antibodies and immunotoxins that target human glycoprotein nmb |
| WO2007127506A2 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2007-11-08 | Genentech, Inc. | Anti-ephrinb2 antibodies and methods using same |
| EP1972637A1 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2008-09-24 | Universität Stuttgart | huTNFR1 selective antagonists |
| WO2010019565A2 (en) | 2008-08-12 | 2010-02-18 | Medlmmune, Llc | Anti-ephrin b2 antibodies and their use in treatment of disease |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020242910A1 (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-12-03 | The Regents Of The University Ofcalifornia | Compositions and methods for treating cancer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9062109B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 |
| ES2378976A1 (es) | 2012-04-19 |
| MX2013003168A (es) | 2013-08-21 |
| KR20140014062A (ko) | 2014-02-05 |
| EP2620449A4 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
| CN103237812A (zh) | 2013-08-07 |
| EP2620449A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| JP2013542720A (ja) | 2013-11-28 |
| ES2378976B1 (es) | 2013-05-06 |
| US20130287795A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
| CA2812727A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
| RU2013118454A (ru) | 2014-10-27 |
| BR112013005977A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
| AU2011306816A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
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