WO2012041125A1 - 采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电方法及系统 - Google Patents

采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012041125A1
WO2012041125A1 PCT/CN2011/078241 CN2011078241W WO2012041125A1 WO 2012041125 A1 WO2012041125 A1 WO 2012041125A1 CN 2011078241 W CN2011078241 W CN 2011078241W WO 2012041125 A1 WO2012041125 A1 WO 2012041125A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
biomass boiler
water
heat collecting
steam
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/078241
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨清萍
张岩丰
李宏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wuhan Kaidi Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Wuhan Kaidi Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to JP2013530546A priority Critical patent/JP5486739B2/ja
Priority to BR112013007780A priority patent/BR112013007780A2/pt
Priority to CA2813091A priority patent/CA2813091C/en
Priority to MX2013003544A priority patent/MX335973B/es
Priority to EP11828021.3A priority patent/EP2623778A4/en
Priority to AU2011307820A priority patent/AU2011307820B2/en
Priority to SG2013023163A priority patent/SG188660A1/en
Priority to KR1020137009829A priority patent/KR101452885B1/ko
Application filed by Wuhan Kaidi Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd filed Critical Wuhan Kaidi Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
Priority to AP2013006806A priority patent/AP3505A/xx
Priority to RU2013119272/06A priority patent/RU2543361C2/ru
Publication of WO2012041125A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012041125A1/zh
Priority to US13/853,048 priority patent/US9151277B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/0055—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having other power cycles, e.g. Stirling or transcritical, supercritical cycles; combined with other power sources, e.g. wind, gas or nuclear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • F03G6/066—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle of the Organic Rankine Cycle [ORC] type or the Kalina Cycle type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/121—Controlling or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/121—Controlling or monitoring
    • F03G6/124—Start-up control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/121—Controlling or monitoring
    • F03G6/127—Over-night operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solar power generation method and system using a biomass boiler as an auxiliary heat source, belonging to the field of new energy power generation, in particular to clean energy of biomass and solar power generation.
  • Biomass is an organic substance produced by plants through photosynthesis. It is widely distributed, can be used in large quantities, is cleaner than fossil energy, and has the characteristics of zero CO 2 emission. It is an important renewable energy source. Biomass utilization is also a hot topic and frontier topic in the field of energy research today. Biomass power station boilers fueled by crop straw, forest firewood and wood processing waste have matured industrialization cases. However, compared with coal, this kind of fuel has a small calorific value per unit volume. In order to maintain the continuous operation of the power station boiler, the storage yard area is quite large, resulting in large investment in land development, and the open-air storage of fuel is affected by the rain and rain. The variety will also spontaneously ignite, and these problems will seriously affect the overall efficiency of biomass power plants.
  • the US eSolar company has developed a tower solar thermal power generation technology.
  • the tower II system uses hundreds or thousands of mirrors (also known as heliostats) to reflect solar radiation onto the receiver (also known as a solar boiler).
  • the focusing working temperature can reach about 1000 °C, heating the heat transfer medium to melt the salt (or heat transfer oil) to about 560 ° C, and store it in the heat storage tank, and then heat the molten salt (or heat transfer oil) through the heat exchanger.
  • the water becomes high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which is pumped into the steam turbine to generate electricity.
  • Israel's LUZ Corporation has developed nine parabolic trough solar power generation systems in the Southern California desert.
  • the parabolic trough mirrors converge on the heat sink tubes on the parabolic focal line.
  • the heat transfer medium oil in the tubes is heated and flows. And stored in the heat storage tank, the heat storage oil is heated by the heat exchanger to become steam of about 372 ° C, and is introduced into the steam turbine. In the work of power generation.
  • the above-mentioned tower or trough CSP system used a specially developed fast-start steam turbine (also known as a solar turbine, which is convenient for night-stop or sunny start-stop).
  • a heat storage medium heat storage oil or molten salt
  • a working medium water vapor
  • the system that uses the molten salt in the heat storage medium makes the unit difficult to operate. Because the temperature of the molten salt is lower than about 260 °C, the liquid salt will become solid, and the solid salt will be in the pipeline or in the heat storage tank. , will have an impact on the operation, and long-term (several days of rain or winter days, even snowy days will exist) Insulation of molten salt to above 260 ° C, is also very complicated and energy-consuming.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a solar power generation method and system using a biomass boiler as an auxiliary heat source, using a biomass boiler as an auxiliary heat source to skillfully integrate biomass energy with solar energy. Combine and solve problems such as instability of solar energy.
  • the solar power generation method using the biomass boiler as an auxiliary heat source of the present invention combines a solar concentrating heat collecting device, a biomass boiler device, and a steam turbine generator system, a solar concentrating heat collecting device and biomass
  • the boiler unit uses water as the working medium to absorb heat and heat
  • the biomass boiler as the second heat source provides auxiliary heat energy for solar thermal power generation.
  • the specific method is:
  • the unit When adjusting the water supply flow rate to the solar collector tube to the lowest value, the unit detects the water temperature of the outlet manifold of the solar concentrating collector. The water temperature of the outlet is still decreasing. When t3 ⁇ 95°C, the solar collector of the solar concentrating collector is closed. The control valve and the third control valve for supplying water to the solar collector tube, the water in the solar collector tube stops flowing, and the unit is in a state of heat preservation and operation, the unit becomes a biomass thermal power plant power generation mode, and the unit control system automatically adjusts to increase the fuel input amount of the biomass boiler. , so that the boiler outlet steam pressure and the boiler outlet steam temperature are rated values, and the unit is running stably;
  • the recovery step 1) runs to supply water to the biomass boiler, and the unit control system automatically adjusts the biomass fuel flow to decrease.
  • a solar power generation system using a biomass boiler as an auxiliary heat source including a solar concentrating heat collecting device, a biomass boiler device, and a steam turbine generator system, the special features of which are: a solar concentrating heat collecting device and a biomass boiler device Taking water as the medium, the solar concentrating and collecting device adopts a medium-voltage solar vacuum collecting tube series-parallel matrix combination, and the outlet of the solar concentrating heat collecting device communicates with the bottom of the steam drum of the biomass boiler through the second control valve, the biomass boiler steam The steam outlet of the package is connected to the cylinder of the steam turbine.
  • the solar concentrating heat collecting device adopts a medium voltage solar vacuum collecting tube series-parallel matrix combination, and the outlet of the solar concentrating heat collecting device communicates with the bottom of the steam drum of the biomass boiler through the second control valve, the biomass boiler The steam outlet of the drum is connected to the cylinder of the steam turbine.
  • the steam outlet of the biomass boiler drum is connected to the steam turbine cylinder in series with a steam superheater, the steam superheater is connected to the inlet of the high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, and the steam superheater is placed in the biomass boiler flue.
  • the outlet of the high pressure cylinder of the steam turbine is connected to the steam reheater through a pipeline, the steam reheater is connected to the inlet of the low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, and the steam reheater is placed in the biomass boiler flue.
  • outlet of the turbine cylinder outlet condenser is connected to the deaerator, through the deaerator and
  • the water pump is connected to the water inlet of the solar concentrating collector and/or the biomass boiler.
  • an auxiliary heater is connected in series in the water inlet pipe of the biomass boiler, and the auxiliary heater is installed in the biomass boiler flue.
  • the solar concentrating heat collecting device and the water replenishing tank of the biomass boiler are demineralized water storage tanks with a thermal insulation layer, and the demineralized water storage tank is connected with the deaerator through a water pump, through the deaerator and The feed water pump is connected to the water collecting port of the solar concentrating heat collecting device and the biomass boiler; the desalting water storage tank is also connected to the outlet of the solar concentrating heat collecting device through the first control valve.
  • a temperature sensor is installed on the pipeline between the water outlet of the solar concentrating heat collecting device to the second control valve and the first control valve, and the final output of the control point displayed by the temperature sensor is in the second control valve and the first control In the control loop of the valve; the operating temperature of the temperature sensor is set at the lowest temperature value of the safe operation of the boiler.
  • the solar concentrating heat collecting device comprises a parabolic trough mirror and a solar vacuum collecting tube, and the solar vacuum collecting tube is located on a focal line of the parabolic trough mirror.
  • the solar concentrating heat collecting device may further be a reflective Fresnel lens and a solar vacuum heat collecting tube, and the solar vacuum collecting tube is located on a focal line of the reflective Fresnel lens.
  • the solar concentrating heat collecting device may further be a transmissive Fresnel lens and a solar vacuum heat collecting tube, and the solar vacuum collecting tube is located on a focal line of the transmissive Fresnel lens.
  • the steam-water system of the dual heat source power generation device of the present invention is provided with a plurality of valves, which can be conveniently switched to solar power generation, biomass power generation, or solar energy according to day and night changes of solar illumination, or sometimes sunny or sunny sunlight.
  • Co-generation with biomass enables the steam turbine unit to operate continuously day and night, and conveniently solves the winter frost protection problem of the solar collector water system.
  • the auxiliary heater, steam superheater and steam reheater are installed in the biomass boiler device because the maximum temperature achievable by the solar heat collecting device is much lower than that of the conventional boiler, which makes the water in the solar heat collecting device can be based on the site specific conditions. It is sent to the boiler steam drum and auxiliary equipment for overheating or reheating to realize the temperature gradient of solar heat, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the whole unit.
  • the invention does not have the heat storage system of the solar thermal power station (heat transfer oil or molten salt as the heat storage medium) in the prior art, so that the unit system is simplified, and the solar, sunny, day and night changes according to the solar radiation are obtained.
  • Conveniently alternate or simultaneous use of solar heat sources and biomass heat sources can make steam turbine generators run stably day and night, greatly improving The utilization rate of solar power generation equipment can effectively solve the winter frost protection problem of the solar collector steam system.
  • a solar concentrating collector In the roof of the fuel storage yard of the biomass boiler, a solar concentrating collector can be installed. Since the fuel storage area of the biomass boiler is large enough, the method can not only protect the biofuel from rain, but also improve the biomass. The land use rate of a solar thermal power plant with a boiler as an auxiliary heat source.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a parabolic trough solar concentrating collector mounted on the roof of a biomass storage yard.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a solar concentrating heat collecting device composed of a reflective Fresnel lens and a solar collector tube.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a solar concentrating heat collecting device composed of a transmissive Fresnel lens and a solar collector tube.
  • Fig. 1 is a generator
  • 2 is a steam turbine
  • 3 is a high pressure cylinder
  • 4 is a low pressure cylinder
  • 5 is The condenser
  • 6 is a biomass boiler
  • 7 is an auxiliary heater installed in the 6 flue 6a
  • 8 is a steam reheater installed in the 6 flue 6a
  • 9 is a steam superheated installed in the 6 flue 6a.
  • 10 is a feed water pump
  • 11 is a boiler make-up water pump
  • 12 is a desalted water storage tank with sufficient insulation layer, used to reserve softened water prepared from a chemical water treatment device
  • 13 is a solar heat collecting tube
  • 14 is a trough Parabolic solar mirror
  • n and m are positive integers
  • 19, 20, 21, 22 are switch switching valves (or pneumatic, or electric, or hydraulic , or solenoid valve can be, the figure shows the pneumatic switching valve), opening and closing these valves can easily change the operation mode of the entire power generation system
  • 23, 24, 25, 26 is the regulating valve (pneumatic, or electric, or liquid) Move, the figure shows the pneumatic control valve),
  • 23 24 can be used to regulate the steam flow of the input turbine
  • 25 can be used to regulate the flow of feed water
  • 26 can be used to regulate the flow of the water supply manifold of the solar concentrating collector
  • 28 is the deaerator
  • L1
  • the invention comprises a solar concentrating heat collecting device, a biomass boiler device and a steam turbine generator, wherein the solar concentrating heat collecting device uses water as a medium, and adopts a medium voltage solar vacuum heat collecting tube 13 series-parallel matrix combination, solar energy
  • the outlet of the concentrating heat collecting device is communicated with the bottom of the drum 6a of the biomass boiler 6 through the second control valve 22, and the steam outlet of the biomass boiler drum 6a is connected to the cylinder of the steam turbine.
  • the solar concentrating heat collecting device and the biomass boiler device directly heat the same working medium water to generate steam, so that the steam turbine 2 operates to drive the generator to generate electricity.
  • the deaerator 28 and the feed water pump 10 are connected in series in the water inlet pipe of the solar concentrating heat collecting device.
  • the steam outlet of the biomass boiler drum 6a is connected to the steam turbine generator cylinder in series with a steam superheater 9, the steam superheater 9 is connected to the steam turbine high pressure cylinder 3, and the steam superheater 9 is placed in the raw In the material boiler flue 6b, the steam is heated by the biomass boiler flue gas to make it dry steam.
  • the outlet of the high pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine is connected to the steam reheater 8 through a pipeline, the steam reheater 8 is connected to the low pressure cylinder 4 of the steam turbine, and the steam reheater 8 is placed in the biomass boiler flue 6b.
  • the steam is heated by the biomass boiler flue gas.
  • the water outlet of the turbine cylinder outlet condenser 5 is connected to the water collecting port of the solar concentrating heat collecting device 13 and/or the biomass boiler through the deaerator 28 and the feed water pump 10 to realize water circulation.
  • auxiliary heater 7 is connected in series in the water inlet pipe of the biomass boiler, and the auxiliary heater 7 is installed in the biomass boiler flue 6b.
  • the influent of the biomass boiler is preheated by the biomass boiler flue gas.
  • the solar concentrating heat collecting device and the water replenishing tank of the biomass boiler are demineralized water storage tanks 12 with a heat insulating layer, and the demineralized water storage tank 12 is connected to the deaerator 28 through the water pump 11 and passes through The deaerator 28 and the feed water pump 10 are connected to the solar concentrating heat collecting device 13 and the water inlet of the biomass boiler; the desalting water storage tank 12 is also connected to the outlet of the solar concentrating heat collecting device through the first control valve 21.
  • a temperature sensor T3 is installed on the line between the outlet of the solar concentrating heat collecting device and the second control valve 22 and the first control valve 21, and the final output of the control point displayed by the temperature sensor ⁇ 3 is at the second control valve 22 And the control circuit of the first control valve 21; the operating temperature of the temperature sensor ⁇ 3 is set at the safe operating temperature value of the boiler.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a parabolic trough solar heat collecting field installed on a roof of a biomass storage yard, the solar concentrating heat collecting device including a parabolic trough mirror 14 and a solar vacuum heat collecting tube 13, solar vacuum heat collecting 13 Located on the focal line of a parabolic trough mirror. 17 is the roof panel of the biomass storage yard.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a solar concentrating heat collecting device comprising a reflective Fresnel lens and a solar collector tube, the solar concentrating heat collecting device comprising a reflective Fresnel lens 30 and a solar vacuum heat collecting tube 13, solar vacuum
  • the heat collecting tube 13 is located on the focal line of the reflective Fresnel lens 30. 17 is the roof panel of the biomass storage yard.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a solar concentrating heat collecting device comprising a transmissive Fresnel lens and a solar collector tube, wherein the solar concentrating heat collecting device comprises a transmissive Fresnel lens 31 and a solar vacuum heat collecting tube 13, solar vacuum The heat collecting tube 13 is located on the focal line of the transmissive Fresnel lens 31.
  • the heat source raw material field of the biomass boiler (hereinafter referred to as a fuel storage yard) is provided with a highly suitable roof, and the area is sufficient.
  • the solar concentrating collector is placed on the roof of the fuel storage (or as a roof member), water as a heat collector for solar collectors and biomass boilers, by the same set of chemical water treatment devices (known Any of the water treatment devices, the demineralized water tanks need to be insulated, are pre-treated, separately or simultaneously sent to the solar heat collecting tubes, heated in the biomass boiler, converted into steam, and input into the steam turbine to operate the steam turbine.
  • the biomass boiler device and the solar heat collecting device in the solution are provided with switching valves (manual, pneumatic, electric, electromagnetic) 18, 19, 20, 22; opening or closing some of the valves, which is convenient Change the steam and water operating conditions in the biomass boiler unit and the solar heat collecting unit (or separate solar collector operation, or separate biomass boiler operation, or simultaneous operation of the solar collector and biomass boiler).
  • switching valves manual, pneumatic, electric, electromagnetic
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 The following describes the working method of the present invention by taking FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 as an example:
  • the solar concentrating heat collecting device and the biomass boiler device both use heat as a working medium to absorb heat and heat, while the biomass boiler serves as a second heat source to provide auxiliary heat energy for solar thermal power generation, and the solar heat collecting device and the biomass boiler auxiliary heating simultaneously start up:
  • the unit detects that the water temperature of the outlet manifold of the solar concentrating collector is still decreasing.
  • the second control valve of the water collecting manifold of the solar concentrating heat collecting device and the third control valve for supplying water to the solar collecting tube are closed, and the water in the solar collecting tube stops flowing, and the unit is in a state of heat preservation and operation, and the unit becomes The biomass thermal power plant power generation mode, the unit control system automatically adjusts, increases the biomass boiler fuel input, so that the boiler outlet steam pressure, the boiler outlet steam temperature is the rated value, and the unit operates stably;
  • step 3) In the above step 3) state; when the solar radiation is restored, the water temperature in the heat collecting tube rises.
  • the recovery step 1) is run to supply water to the biomass boiler, and the unit control system automatically adjusts the biomass. Fuel flow is declining.
  • the rated pressure pl 5.29Mpa
  • the rated temperature tl 450°C
  • the auxiliary heater 7 outlet water temperature is 231 °C
  • pl, tl are rated The value will stabilize the unit.
  • solar concentrating collectors and biomass boilers assist in the simultaneous operation of clouds or rain in the operation A:
  • the unit will encounter rainy weather during the daytime operation.
  • the water temperature t3 of the outlet manifold of the solar concentrating collector will decrease.
  • the unit control system will automatically adjust to increase the fuel input of the biomass boiler.
  • the boiler steam drum 6a pressure pi and temperature tl maintain the rated value.
  • the solar collector field outlet manifold water temperature t3 will continue to decline, when the t3 temperature is low until the provincial fuel outlet water temperature is below 231 °C
  • the second control valve 22 and the third control valve 19 of the solar collector field outlet are closed, and the water in the solar vacuum heat collecting tube stops flowing, and is in a state of heat preservation and operation.
  • the unit becomes a biomass thermal power plant generating mode until the rain is exhausted. The solar radiation is restored.
  • the second control is turned on.
  • the valve 22 and the third control valve 19 recover the operation of the solar heat collecting field and supply water to the biomass boiler steam drum 6a.
  • the unit control system automatically adjusts the flow rate of the biomass fuel to decrease.
  • the solar concentrating collector circuit When the unit is running until the night comes, when the solar concentrating collector collects no sunlight, the unit first runs according to the above scheme B, and the temperature of t3 continues to drop to 9 ⁇ 5 °C, the first control valve 21 is opened and placed.
  • the gas valve 27, all the normal temperature water in the heat collecting tube will flow into the demineralized water storage tank 12, at this time, the drain valve 29 is opened, the residual water in the pipeline is removed, and the compressed air is purged from the exhaust port to all the pipes without water. .
  • the solar concentrating collector circuit is in a state of no water and avoids freezing, and the unit is in the state of biomass boiler power generation.
  • the above biomass boiler is a solar direct heat type (direct heating water) power generation device of an auxiliary heat source, and there is no heat storage system of a solar thermal power station (heat transfer oil or molten salt as a heat storage medium) in the prior art, so that the unit system Simplified, according to the changes of sunlight, sunny, day and night of solar radiation, it is convenient to alternately or simultaneously use solar heat source and biomass heat source, so that the steam turbine generator set can be stably operated day and night, greatly improving solar energy.
  • the utilization rate of power generation equipment effectively solves the problem of winter antifreeze of solar collector steam and water system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Description

采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电方法及系统， 属于新能 源发电领域， 特别是生物质和太阳能发电的清洁能源。
背景技术
随着传统化石能源 （煤、 石油、 天然气） 储量的日益减少， 以及由于使用化石能源 所带来的环境污染问题， 直接威胁着人类的生存和发展， 重视和发展可再生、 环保能源 已成为各国政府的共识。 太阳能具有分布广泛，储量无限，收集利用清洁， co2零排放的优 点引起人们广泛关注。
但长期以来， 太阳能的大规模开发利用， 因成本还是很高，在经济上无法与常规的化 石能源相匹敌，而且在地面上收集太阳光热受天气变化的影响较大，存在不稳定、不连续问 题。 因此， 寻找技术途径， 解决上述问题就成为当今能源动力领域研究的热点及前沿课 题。
生物质是植物通过光合作用生成的有机物质， 其分布广泛、 可利用量大、 较化石能 源清洁， 具有 co2零排放的特征， 是一种重要的可再生能源。 生物质利用同样也是当今 能源领域研究的热点及前沿课题。 以农作物秸杆、 森林薪炭材、 木材加工废弃物为燃料 的生物质电站锅炉已有很成熟的产业化案例。但是， 这种燃料与煤相比，单位体积所含热 值小，为维持电站锅炉连续运转， 其储料场面积相当大，造成土地开发投资大，燃料露天储 存遇阴雨受潮影响燃烧，有的品种受潮还会发生自燃，这些问题都严重影响生物质电厂的 整体效益。
美国 eSolar公司开发了一种塔式太阳能热发电技术， 塔式 II系统采用几百或几千个 反射镜 （又称定日镜） 将太阳光辐射反射到接收器上 (又称太阳锅炉)， 其聚焦工作温度 可达 1000°C左右， 加热传热介质熔化盐 (或导热油)到 560°C左右， 并储存在蓄热罐内， 再通过热交换器由熔化盐 (或导热油)加热水成为高温高压蒸汽， 通入汽轮机中作功发电。
以色列 LUZ公司在美国南加州沙漠开发了 9套抛物线槽式太阳能发电系统，通过抛 物面槽式反射镜， 线聚光到位于抛物面焦线上的吸热管上， 管内的传热介质油被加热流 动并储存在蓄热罐内， 蓄热油再通过热交换器加热水成为约 372°C的蒸汽， 通入汽轮机 中作功发电。
由于太阳光幅射到地面上受天气云雾的影响较大， 以及太阳光能的收集只能在当地 时间约早 8: 00-17： 30 时进行， 为了适应太阳能的这种特点，频繁快速地启动机组， 并 维持汽轮机的转速稳定， 上述的塔式或槽式光热发电系统曾经采用了一种专门开发的快 速启动汽轮机 (又称太阳能汽轮机，便于昼启夜停或晴启阴停)，相对于传统化石能源汽轮 机无需较长的盘车预热启动时间，同时还设置了足够大的蓄热系统， 并采用了蓄热介质 (蓄热油或熔融盐）与工作介质 （水蒸汽） 的二次热交换， 此种方案使得系统复杂，投资 增大，二次热交换还降低了热电转换效率，并且专用的太阳能汽轮发电机同样相对于传统 化石能源汽轮机，因特殊材料，特殊结构而体积大，价格贵，热效率低。
特别是蓄热介质采用熔化盐的系统， 更使得机组运行困难， 因为熔化盐的温度低于 260°C左右时， 液态盐将变为固态， 固态盐无论是在管道内或是蓄热罐内， 都会对运行造 成影响， 而长期 （数日连阴雨或冬季数日连阴雪天是会存在的） 保温熔化盐到 260°C以 上，也是很复杂困难及耗费能量的事。
在冬季夜晚或长期阴雪天， 气温降至摄氏零度以下时， 上述太阳能机组因不能连续 运行，除去设备闲置，不能产生效益外，如何对汽水系统设备保温防冻避免冻坏，也成为很 复杂、 困难及耗费能源的事。
发明内容
为了克服上述已知能源电站的技术缺陷， 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种采用生物 质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电方法及系统， 采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源， 巧妙地 将生物质能源与太阳能结合， 解决太阳能的不稳定等问题。
本发明的技术方案： 本发明的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电方法将太 阳能聚光集热装置、 生物质锅炉装置、 汽轮发电机系统巧妙结合， 太阳能聚光集热装置 和生物质锅炉装置都以水为工作介质吸热、 蓄热， 而生物质锅炉作为第二热源为太阳能 热发电提供辅助热能， 具体作法是：
1 ) 使生物质锅炉汽包水位 L1到达预定水位， 点燃生物质锅炉， 按生物质锅炉发电 厂的运行规程启动汽轮机组； 及
2)启动太阳能聚光集热装置， 检测太阳能聚光集热装置出水总管水温 t3，当 t3≥95°C 时， 打开太阳能聚光集热装置出水总管至生物质锅炉汽包的第二控制阀和给太阳能集热 管供水的第三控制阀， 将水加入生物质锅炉汽包中， 根据水温 t3调整给太阳能集热管供 水量， 使之保持 t3≥95°C ; 机组控制系统自动调节， 维持锅炉汽包水位、 及锅炉出口蒸 汽压力、 锅炉出口蒸气温度为额定值， 机组稳定运行；
3 )当调整给太阳能集热管供水流量至最低值时，机组检测太阳能聚光集热装置出口 总管水温 t3水温仍下降， 当 t3<95°C时， 关闭太阳能聚光集热装置出水总管第二控制阀 和给太阳能集热管供水的第三控制阀，太阳能集热管中水停止流动，处于保温待运行状态， 机组变为生物质热电厂发电模式， 机组控制系统自动调节，增大生物质锅炉燃料投入量， 使锅炉出口蒸汽压力、 锅炉出口蒸气温度为额定值， 机组稳定运行；
4) 当太阳能聚光集热装置出口总管水温 t3水温继续下降， 当 t3 = 5〜9°C时， 打开 太阳能聚光集热装置出口总管至补水罐的第一控制阀，并打开放气阀，集热管中所有常温 水会全部流入除盐水罐；再打开放水阀，排除管道内余水，并引压縮空气从排气阀口吹扫至 所有管道无水； 太阳能聚光集热装置及管线处于无水避冻状态， 机组处于生物质锅炉发 电状态。
5 ) 当太阳光幅射恢复，集热管内水温上升， 当 t3≥95°C时， 恢复步骤 1 )运行，向生物 质锅炉供水， 则机组控制系统自动调节生物质燃料流量下降。
一种采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 包括太阳能聚光集热装置、 生物质锅炉装置、 汽轮发电机系统， 其特怔在于： 太阳能聚光集热装置和生物质锅炉装 置都以水为介质， 太阳能聚光集热装置采用中压太阳能真空集热管串并联矩阵组合， 太 阳能聚光集热装置的出口通过第二控制阀与生物质锅炉的汽包底部连通， 生物质锅炉汽 包的蒸汽出口与汽轮机的气缸连接。
进一步地， 所述的太阳能聚光集热装置采用中压太阳能真空集热管串并联矩阵组 合， 太阳能聚光集热装置的出口通过第二控制阀与生物质锅炉的汽包底部连通， 生物质 锅炉汽包的蒸汽出口与汽轮机的气缸连接。
进一步地， 所述的生物质锅炉汽包的蒸汽出口与汽轮机气缸连接的管路中串联蒸汽 过热器，蒸汽过热器连接到汽轮机高压气缸的进口，蒸汽过热器置于生物质锅炉烟道中。
进一步地， 所述的汽轮机高压气缸的出口通过管路连接蒸汽再热器， 蒸汽再热器连 接到汽轮机低压气缸的进口， 蒸汽再热器置于生物质锅炉烟道中。
进一步地， 所述的汽轮机气缸出口冷凝器的出水口连接到除氧器， 通过除氧器和给 水泵连接到太阳能聚光集热装置和 /或生物质锅炉的进水口。
进一步地， 所述的生物质锅炉的进水管路中串联辅助加热器， 辅助加热器安装在生 物质锅炉烟道中。
进一步地， 所述的太阳能聚光集热装置和生物质锅炉的补水罐是加有保温层的除盐 储水罐， 除盐储水罐通过补水泵与除氧器连接， 通过除氧器和给水泵连接到太阳能聚光 集热装置和生物质锅炉的进水口； 除盐储水罐还通过第一控制阀与太阳能聚光集热装置 的出口连接。
进一步地， 在太阳能聚光集热装置的水出口至第二控制阀和第一控制阀之间的管路 上安装温度传感器， 温度传感器所显示控制点的最终输出在第二控制阀和第一控制阀的 控制回路中； 温度传感器的动作温度设在锅炉安全运行最低温度值。
具体地， 所述的太阳能聚光集热装置包括抛物线槽式反射镜和太阳能真空集热管， 太阳能真空集热管位于抛物线槽式反射镜的焦线上。
具体地， 所述的太阳能聚光集热装置还可以选用反射式菲涅耳透镜及太阳能真空集 热管，太阳能真空集热管位于反射式菲涅耳透镜的焦线上。
具体地， 所述的太阳能聚光集热装置还可以选用透射式菲涅耳透镜及太阳能真空集 热管，太阳能真空集热管位于透射式菲涅耳透镜的焦线上。
本发明的优点：
本发明的双热源发电装置的汽水系统中设置有多种阀门， 可根据太阳光照的日夜变 化， 或阴晴天阳光的时有时无， 方便地将系统切换为太阳能发电， 或生物质发电， 或太 阳能与生物质共同发电， 使汽轮机组可日夜不间断连续运行， 并方便的解决了太阳能聚 热管水系统的冬季防冻问题。
生物质锅炉装置中设置辅助加热器、蒸汽过热器、蒸汽再热器是由于太阳能聚热装 置可达到的最高温度远较传统锅炉低， 这就使太阳能聚热装置中的水可以根据现场具体 情况将其送入锅炉汽包及辅加装置中进行过热或者再加热， 实现太阳能热的温度梯度运 用， 从而提高整个机组的热效率。
本发明没有已知技术中的太阳能热电站的 (以导热油或熔融盐为蓄热介质的)蓄热 系统，使机组系统简化， 又可根据太阳光幅射的阴、 晴、 日、 夜变化，方便地交替或同时使 用太阳能热源，及生物质热源，可以使汽轮机发电机组日夜不间断地稳定运行，极大的提高 了太阳能发电设备利用率又可有效解决太阳能集热汽水系统的冬季防冻问题。
其中生物质锅炉的燃料储场的屋顶上，可以设置太阳能聚光集热装置，由于生物质锅 炉的燃料储场足够大， 这种方法既可使生物燃料不受雨淋， 又提高了生物质锅炉作为辅 助热源的太阳能热发电厂的土地使用率。
附图说明
图 1 为本发明的系统示意图。
图 2 为抛物线槽式太阳能聚光集热装置安装在生物质储料场屋顶上的示意图。
图 3 为太阳能聚光集热装置由反射式菲涅耳透镜及太阳能集热管组成的示意图。 图 4 为太阳能聚光集热装置由透射式菲涅耳透镜及太阳能集热管组成的示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图具体说明本发明的系统布置结构、 最佳实施方式、 工艺过程： 图 1中: 1是发电机、 2是汽轮机、 3是 2的高压缸、 4是 2的低压缸、 5是冷凝器、 6 是生物质锅炉、 7是安装于 6烟道 6a中的辅助加热器、 8是安装于 6烟道 6a中的蒸汽再 热器、 9是安装于 6烟道 6a中的蒸汽过热器、 10是给水泵、 11是锅炉补水泵、 12是附 有足够保温层的除盐储水罐， 用于储备来自化学水处理装置制好的软化水、 13是太阳能 集热管、 14是槽式抛物面太阳光反射镜， n个 13与 m个 14组装成太阳能集热场， n与 m均为正整数， 19、 20、 21、 22是开关切换阀 (或气动、 或电动、 或液动、 或电磁阀均 可，图中显示的是气动切换阀)，开闭这些阀门可以方便的改变整个发电系统的运行方式， 23、 24、 25、 26是调节阀 (气动、 或电动、 或液动， 图中显示的是气动调节阀)， 23、 24 可以用来调控输入汽轮机的蒸汽流量， 25可用来调控给水流量， 26可用来调控太阳能聚 光集热装置给水母管流量， 28是除氧器， L1是锅炉汽包液位计， P1是锅炉额定出口蒸 汽压力表 （检测压力值表示为 pl )， T1是锅炉出口蒸气温度传感器 （检测温度值表示为 tl )， T3是太阳能聚热场出水总管水温传感器 （检测温度值表示为 t3 ) 。
本发明包括太阳能聚光集热装置、 生物质锅炉装置、 汽轮发电机， 其特怔在于： 太 阳能聚光集热装置以水为介质，采用中压太阳能真空集热管 13串并联矩阵组合，太阳能 聚光集热装置的出口通过第二控制阀 22与生物质锅炉 6的汽包 6a底部连通， 生物质锅 炉汽包 6a的蒸汽出口与汽轮机的气缸连接。太阳能聚光集热装置与生物质锅炉装置直接 加热同一种工质水，产生蒸汽，使汽轮机 2运转带动发电机发电。 具体地， 所述的太阳能聚光集热装置的进水管路中串联除氧器 28和给水泵 10。 进一步地， 所述的生物质锅炉汽包 6a 的蒸汽出口与汽轮发电机气缸连接的管路中 串联蒸汽过热器 9，蒸汽过热器 9连接到汽轮机高压气缸 3，蒸汽过热器 9置于生物质锅 炉烟道 6b中， 由生物质锅炉烟气加热蒸汽使之成为干蒸汽。
进一步地， 所述的汽轮机高压气缸 3的出口通过管路连接蒸汽再热器 8， 蒸汽再热 器 8连接到汽轮机低压气缸 4， 蒸汽再热器 8置于生物质锅炉烟道 6b中。 由生物质锅炉 烟气加热蒸汽。
进一步地， 所述的汽轮机气缸出口冷凝器 5的出水口通过除氧器 28和给水泵 10连 接到太阳能聚光集热装置 13和 /或生物质锅炉的进水口， 实现水循环。
进一步地， 所述的生物质锅炉的进水管路中串联辅助加热器 7， 辅助加热器 7安装 在生物质锅炉烟道 6b中。 由生物质锅炉烟气对生物质锅炉的进水预加热。
进一步地， 所述的太阳能聚光集热装置和生物质锅炉的补水罐是附有保温层的除盐 储水罐 12， 除盐储水罐 12通过补水泵 11与除氧器 28连接，通过除氧器 28和给水泵 10 连接到太阳能聚光集热装置 13和生物质锅炉的进水口； 除盐储水罐 12还通过第一控制 阀 21与太阳能聚光集热装置的出口连接。
进一步地， 在太阳能聚光集热装置的出口与第二控制阀 22和第一控制阀 21之间的 管路上安装温度传感器 T3， 温度传感器 Τ3所显示控制点的最终输出在第二控制阀 22 和第一控制阀 21的控制回路中； 温度传感器 Τ3的动作温度设在锅炉安全运行温度值。
图 2 为抛物线槽式太阳能聚热场安装在生物质储料场屋顶上的示意图，所述的太阳 能聚光集热装置包括抛物线槽式反射镜 14和太阳能真空集热管 13， 太阳能真空集热 13 位于抛物线槽式反射镜的焦线上。 17是生物质储料场屋顶面板。
图 3为太阳能聚光集热装置由反射式菲涅耳透镜及太阳能集热管组成的示意图， 所 述的太阳能聚光集热装置包括反射式菲涅耳透镜 30及太阳能真空集热管 13，太阳能真空 集热管 13位于反射式菲涅耳透镜 30的焦线上。 17是生物质储料场屋顶面板。
图 4为太阳能聚光集热装置由透射式菲涅耳透镜及太阳能集热管组成的示意图， 所 述的太阳能聚光集热装置包括透射式菲涅耳透镜 31及太阳能真空集热管 13，太阳能真空 集热管 13位于透射式菲涅耳透镜 31的焦线上。
具体地， 生物质锅炉的热源原料场 (以下称燃料储场） 设有高度适宜的屋顶，面积足 够大，而太阳能聚光集热装置设置于燃料储场的屋顶 (或成为屋顶构件)上，水作为太阳能 集热器及生物质锅炉的传热介质，由同一套化学水处理装置 (已知的任何化水处理装置，其 除盐水罐需加保温层)预先处理后，单独或者同时分别送往太阳能集热管内、 生物质锅炉 内加热， 转化为蒸气， 输入汽轮机内使汽轮机运转发电。
具体地，方案中的生物质锅炉装置及太阳能聚热装置中设置有切换阀（手动、气动、 电动、 电磁均可） 18、 19、 20、 22； 开启或关闭其中的部分阀门， 可方便的改变生物质 锅炉装置及太阳能聚热装置中的汽、 水运行状态 (或单独太阳能集热装置运行，或单独生 物质锅炉运行、 或太阳能集热装置和生物质锅炉同时运行)。
显而易见，使用已公知技术中的燃生物质生成气锅炉、 或燃煤锅炉、 或燃油锅炉、 或 燃天然气锅炉、 或煤田瓦斯气锅炉、 或油田采油气锅炉置换图 1中的生物质锅炉 6同样 可以实现。
显而易见，使用已知技术的黑体式集热管，或其它已知集热管置换图 1、 图 2、 图 3、 图 4中的太阳能真空集热管 13也是简便易行的方案。
下面以图 1、 图 2为例说明本发明的工作方法：
太阳能聚光集热装置和生物质锅炉装置都以水为工作介质吸热、 蓄热， 而生物质锅 炉作为第二热源为太阳能热发电提供辅助热能， 太阳能聚热装置、 生物质锅炉辅助加热 同时启动：
具体作法是：
1 ) 使生物质锅炉汽包水位 11 到达预定水位， 点燃生物质锅炉， 按生物质锅炉发电 厂的运行规程启动汽轮机组； 及
2) 启动太阳能聚光集热装置 (这时第一控制阀 21 处于关闭状态)， 检测太阳能聚光 集热装置出水总管水温 t3， 当 t3≥95°C时， 打开太阳能聚光集热装置出水总管至生物质 锅炉汽包的第二控制阀和给太阳能集热管供水的第三控制阀， 将水加入生物质锅炉汽包 中， 根据水温 t3调整给太阳能集热管供水量， 使之保持 t3≥95°C ; 机组控制系统自动调 节， 维持锅炉汽包水位、 及锅炉出口蒸汽压力、 锅炉出口蒸气温度为额定值， 机组稳定 运行；
3 ) 当调整给太阳能集热管供水流量至最低值 (一般为生物质锅炉额定给水流量的 10%, 不排除更低比例)时，机组检测太阳能聚光集热装置出口总管水温 t3水温仍下降， 当 t3<95°C时， 关闭太阳能聚光集热装置出水总管第二控制阀和给太阳能集热管供水的 第三控制阀，太阳能集热管中水停止流动，处于保温待运行状态，机组变为生物质热电厂发 电模式，机组控制系统自动调节，增大生物质锅炉燃料投入量，使锅炉出口蒸汽压力、锅炉 出口蒸气温度为额定值， 机组稳定运行；
4) 当太阳能聚光集热装置出口总管水温 t3水温继续下降， 当 t3 = 5〜9°C时， 打开 太阳能聚光集热装置出口总管至补水罐的第一控制阀，并打开放气阀，集热管中所有常温 水会全部流入除盐水罐；再打开放水阀，排除管道内余水，并引压縮空气从排气阀口吹扫至 所有管道无水； 太阳能聚光集热装置及管线处于无水避冻状态， 机组处于生物质锅炉发 电状态。
5 ) 上述步骤 3)状态中;当太阳光幅射恢复，集热管内水温上升， 当 t3≥95°C时， 恢复 步骤 1 ) 运行，向生物质锅炉供水， 则机组控制系统自动调节生物质燃料流量下降。
新机组的启动 (或全系统大修后重新启动):在当地时间早上太阳出来前， 关闭开关阀 21， 打开 18、 19、 20、 22,启动补水泵 11， 使生物质锅炉汽包 6a水位计 LI检测达到预 定水位， 并充满所有太阳能真空集热管， 太阳出来时， 点燃生物质锅炉， 按生物质锅炉 发电厂的运行规程启动汽轮机组； 随着太阳的升高， 当地时间早 8:00时后太阳光幅射会 在半小时内快速增强至最大值， 太阳能聚光集热装置中已被加热的水直接注入到生物质 锅炉的汽包 6a中。 以 65T/h中温中压生物锅炉为例，额定压力 pl =5.29Mpa，额定温度 tl = 450°C， 辅助加热器 7出口水温为 231 °C，维持锅炉汽包水位、 及 pl、 tl为额定值则机 组会稳定运行。
白天， 太阳能聚光集热装置、 生物质锅炉辅助加热同时运行中遇到云层或阴雨的方 案 A:
机组白天运行遇到阴雨， 太阳能聚光集热装置出口总管水温 t3会下降， 要维持锅炉 汽包 6a水位、及 pl、 tl为额定值，则机组控制系统自动调节，增大生物质锅炉燃料投入量， 使锅炉汽包 6a压力 pi及温度 tl维持额定值.当云层继续加厚并阴雨，太阳能集热场出口 总管水温 t3会继续下降，当 t3温度低到省燃料器出口水温为 231 °C以下约为 95°C (以锅炉 安全运行最低温度值为准)时，关闭太阳能集热场出口第二控制阀 22及第三控制阀 19，太 阳能真空集热管中水停止流动，处于保温待运行状态，机组变为生物质热电厂发电模式，直 至阴雨散尽。太阳光幅射恢复， 太阳能真空集热管内水温上升为 95°C以上时，打开第二控 制阀 22及第三控制阀 19，太阳能集热场恢复运行，向生物质锅炉汽包 6a供水.随集热管水 温上升， 则机组控制系统自动调节生物质燃料流量下降。
夜幕来临无太阳光方案 B:
当机组运行到夜幕来临前， 太阳能聚光集热装置收集不到太阳光时， 太阳能聚光集 热装置出口总管水温 t3会下降， 只要夜间 t3不低到 9〜5°C以下 (t3≥5°C)，系统会按方案 A 运行，太阳能集热管中常温水停止流动，处于等待天明再运行状态，机组转换为生物质热电 厂发电模式，直至天明并无阴云太阳光照射恢复。
夜间气温低到水结冰时 (或阴天气温低到水结冰时)方案 C:
当机组运行到夜幕来临前， 太阳能聚光集热装置收集不到太阳光时， 机组先是按上 述方案 B运行， t3温度继续下降到 9〜5°C之中， 打开第一控制阀 21和放气阀 27，集热管 中所有常温水会全部流入除盐储水罐 12，这时打开放水阀 29，排除完管道内余水，并引压縮 空气从排气口吹扫至所有管道无水。 太阳能聚光集热装置管线处于无水避冻状态， 机组 处于生物质锅炉发电状态。
综上所述：
上述生物质锅炉为辅助热源的太阳能直热式（直接加热水）发电装置，没有已知技术 中的太阳能热电站的 (以导热油或熔融盐为蓄热介质的)蓄热系统，使机组系统简化， 又可 根据太阳光幅射的阴、 晴、 日、 夜变化， 方便地交替或同时使用太阳能热源及生物质热 源，可以使汽轮机发电机组日夜不间断地稳定运行， 极大的提高了太阳能发电设备利用 率， 又有效地解决了太阳能集热汽水系统的冬季防冻问题。

Claims

权利 要求书
1 . 一种采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电方法， 包括太阳能聚光集热装 置、 生物质锅炉装置、 汽轮发电机系统， 其特怔在于： 太阳能聚光集热装置和生物质锅 炉装置都以水为工作介质吸热、 蓄热， 而生物质锅炉作为第二热源为太阳能热发电提供 辅助热能， 具体作法是：
1 ) 使生物质锅炉汽包水位 L1到达预定水位， 点燃生物质锅炉， 按生物质锅炉发电 厂的运行规程启动汽轮机组； 及
2)启动太阳能聚光集热装置， 检测太阳能聚光集热装置出水总管水温 t3，当 t3≥95°C 时， 打开太阳能聚光集热装置出水总管至生物质锅炉汽包的第二控制阀和给太阳能集热 管供水的第三控制阀， 将水加入生物质锅炉汽包中， 根据水温 t3调整给太阳能集热管供 水量， 使之保持 t3≥95°C ; 机组控制系统自动调节， 维持锅炉汽包水位、 及锅炉出口蒸 汽压力、 锅炉出口蒸气温度为额定值， 机组稳定运行；
3 )当调整给太阳能集热管供水流量至最低值时，机组检测太阳能聚光集热装置出口 总管水温 t3水温仍下降， 当 t3<95°C时， 关闭太阳能聚光集热装置出水总管第二控制阀 和给太阳能集热管供水的第三控制阀，太阳能集热管中水停止流动，处于保温待运行状态， 机组变为生物质热电厂发电模式， 机组控制系统自动调节，增大生物质锅炉燃料投入量， 使锅炉出口蒸汽压力、 锅炉出口蒸气温度为额定值， 机组稳定运行；
4) 当太阳能聚光集热装置出口总管水温 t3水温继续下降， 当 t3 = 5〜9°C时， 打开 太阳能聚光集热装置出口总管至补水罐的第一控制阀，并打开放气阀，集热管中所有常温 水会全部流入除盐水罐；再打开放水阀，排除管道内余水，并引压縮空气从排气阀口吹扫至 所有管道无水； 太阳能聚光集热装置及管线处于无水避冻状态， 机组处于生物质锅炉发 电状态。
5 ) 当太阳光幅射恢复，集热管内水温上升， 当 t3≥95°C时， 恢复步骤 1 )运行，向生物 质锅炉供水， 则机组控制系统自动调节生物质燃料流量下降。
2.—种用于权利要求 1的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 包括太 阳能聚光集热装置、 生物质锅炉装置、 汽轮发电机系统， 其特怔在于： 太阳能聚光集热 装置和生物质锅炉装置都以水为介质， 太阳能聚光集热装置采用中压太阳能真空集热管 串并联矩阵组合， 太阳能聚光集热装置的出口通过第二控制阀 （22) 与生物质锅炉 （6) 的汽包 （6a) 底部连通， 生物质锅炉汽包 （6a) 的蒸汽出口与汽轮机的气缸连接。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 其特 怔在于： 太阳能聚光集热装置采用中压太阳能真空集热管串并联矩阵组合， 太阳能聚光 集热装置的出口通过第二控制阀 （22)与生物质锅炉 （6) 的汽包（6a)底部连通， 生物 质锅炉汽包 （6a) 的蒸汽出口与汽轮机的气缸连接。
4. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 其特怔在于： 生物质锅炉汽包 （6a) 的蒸汽出口与汽轮机气缸连接的管路中串联蒸汽过 热器（9)， 蒸汽过热器（9)连接到汽轮机高压气缸（3 ) 的进口， 蒸汽过热器（9 )置于 生物质锅炉烟道 （6b) 中。
5. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 其特怔在于：汽轮机高压气缸（3 )的出口通过管路连接蒸汽再热器（8)，蒸汽再热器（8 ) 连接到汽轮机低压气缸 （4) 的进口， 蒸汽再热器 （8 ) 置于生物质锅炉烟道 （6b) 中。
6. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 其特怔在于：汽轮机气缸出口冷凝器（5 )的出水口连接到除氧器（28)，通过除氧器（28 ) 和给水泵 （10) 连接到太阳能聚光集热装置 （13 ) 和 /或生物质锅炉的进水口。
7. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 其特怔在于： 生物质锅炉 （6) 的进水管路中串联辅助加热器 （7)， 辅助加热器 （7) 安 装在生物质锅炉烟道 （6b) 中。
8. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 其特怔在于： 太阳能聚光集热装置和生物质锅炉的补水罐是加有保温层的除盐储水罐 ( 12)， 除盐储水罐 （12)通过补水泵 （11 ) 与除氧器 （28)连接， 通过除氧器 （28)和 给水泵（10)连接到太阳能聚光集热装置（13 )和生物质锅炉的进水口； 除盐储水罐（12) 还通过第一控制阀 （21 ) 与太阳能聚光集热装置的出口连接。
9. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 其特怔在于： 在太阳能聚光集热装置的水出口至第二控制阀 （22) 和第一控制阀 （21 ) 之间的管路上安装温度传感器 T3， 温度传感器 Τ3所显示控制点的最终输出在第二控制 阀 （22) 和第一控制阀 （21 ) 的控制回路中； 温度传感器 Τ3 的动作温度设在锅炉安全 运行温度值。
10. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 其特怔在于：太阳能聚光集热装置包括抛物线槽式反射镜（14)和太阳能真空集热管（13 )， 太阳能真空集热管 （13 ) 位于抛物线槽式反射镜的焦线上。
11. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 其特怔在于：太阳能聚光集热装置包括反射式菲涅耳透镜（30)及太阳能真空集热管（13 )， 太阳能真空集热管 （13 ) 位于反射式菲涅耳透镜 （30) 的焦线上。
12. 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电系统， 其特怔在于：太阳能聚光集热装置包括透射式菲涅耳透镜（31 )及太阳能真空集热管（13 )， 太阳能真空集热管 （13 ) 位于透射式菲涅耳透镜 （31 ) 的焦线上。
PCT/CN2011/078241 2010-09-29 2011-08-11 采用生物质锅炉作为辅助热源的太阳能发电方法及系统 Ceased WO2012041125A1 (zh)

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CN103897986A (zh) * 2012-12-25 2014-07-02 海口同方阳光科技有限公司 一种用于太阳能沼气池中温发酵增温的智能控制系统
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