WO2012060174A1 - 層状複合酸化物、酸化触媒及びディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター - Google Patents
層状複合酸化物、酸化触媒及びディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012060174A1 WO2012060174A1 PCT/JP2011/072743 JP2011072743W WO2012060174A1 WO 2012060174 A1 WO2012060174 A1 WO 2012060174A1 JP 2011072743 W JP2011072743 W JP 2011072743W WO 2012060174 A1 WO2012060174 A1 WO 2012060174A1
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- C01G45/1278—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (Mn2O7)n-, e.g. (Sr2-xNdx)Mn2O7 or Tl2Mn2O7
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- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0684—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel layered complex oxide, and more particularly to a layered complex oxide having a layered perovskite structure with a controlled B site and excellent oxygen ion conductivity.
- the layered composite oxide of the present invention is useful for various catalysts and the like, and is particularly preferably used for a diesel particulate filter (DPF) for purifying particulate matter (PM).
- DPF diesel particulate filter
- a material having a perovskite structure is represented by the general formula ABO 3 and ideally belongs to a cubic system, but often has a distorted structure belonging to a tetragonal system, an orthorhombic system, a hexagonal system, or the like.
- a material having such a perovskite structure has been attracting attention as an electromagnetic material or a catalyst material due to this distortion.
- PM oxidation catalysts require the use of noble metals such as platinum, and there is still room for improvement.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art.
- the object of the present invention is excellent in oxygen ion conductivity, and in particular, the PM oxidation temperature is effective without using noble metals such as platinum. It is an object of the present invention to provide a layered composite oxide that can be reduced to a low level, an oxidation catalyst using the same, a DPF, a three-way catalyst, and a NOx purification catalyst.
- the present inventor has partially substituted the B site element in the layered perovskite of the Ruddlesden-Popper type (general formula A 3 B 2 O 7 ) with other elements.
- the inventors have found that the above object can be achieved and have completed the present invention.
- the layered complex oxide of the present invention has the following formula (1): La 1.5 Sr 1.5 Mn 2-y B y O 7 (1) (B in the formula represents Cu and / or Fe, and y satisfies 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2).
- the oxidation catalyst of the present invention is characterized by containing the layered complex oxide as described above.
- the diesel particulate filter of the present invention is a diesel particulate filter that purifies particulate matter.
- An oxidation catalyst as described above and a monolithic structure type carrier coated with this oxidation catalyst are provided.
- the three-way catalyst of the present invention contains the layered complex oxide as described above, and the nitrogen oxide purification catalyst of the present invention contains the layered complex oxide as described above.
- the B site element in a predetermined layered perovskite is partially substituted with another element, so that it has excellent oxygen ion conductivity, and in particular, the PM oxidation temperature can be effectively used without using a noble metal such as platinum. It is possible to provide a layered composite oxide that can be reduced, an oxidation catalyst using the same, a DPF, a three-way catalyst, and a NOx purification catalyst.
- the layered composite oxide of the present invention has the following formula (1): La 1.5 Sr 1.5 Mn 2-y B y O 7 (1) (B in the formula represents Cu and / or Fe, and y satisfies 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2).
- a material having a perovskite structure is generally a metal oxide represented by a composition formula ABO 3 .
- a layered perovskite material having the perovskite structure as a basic skeleton is referred to as a layered perovskite material.
- This layered perovskite material is known to exhibit various physical properties by changing the A site element present between the layers and the B site element present at the center position of the oxygen octahedron.
- the layered composite oxide of the present invention is generally represented by a composition formula A 3 B 2 O 7 and a B site element of a material called a Ruddlesden-Popper type layered perovskite is at least one of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). It is obtained by partially substituting with. By such substitution, valence control and electronic state control are performed, and introduction of oxygen vacancies is promoted. These oxygen vacancies improve the diffusion characteristics of oxygen in the crystal lattice and behave as oxygen adsorption points on the crystal surface.
- the layered complex oxide of the present invention oxygen octahedrons existing between the layers are widely distributed in the crystal lattice and the electron density of oxygen can be widely shared, so that the oxygen ion conductivity is improved. Therefore, the layered composite oxide of the present invention is excellent in oxidation characteristics, and typically the PM oxidation temperature can be lowered and the oxidation rate is improved.
- Cu and / or Fe can be applied as B, but cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and the like can also be used.
- Mn can be replaced with a transition metal element having an ionic radius that is substantially the same as that of Mn, such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni).
- Cu is preferably used as a substitution element from the viewpoint of excellent oxidation characteristics of the obtained layered composite oxide. Since Cu has a valence of Mn of 3 but is divalent, Cu substitution promotes the introduction of oxygen vacancies by controlling the valence, and oxygen diffusion in the crystal lattice of the resulting layered composite oxide The characteristics are improved and oxygen adsorption points (oxygen vacancies) are easily formed on the crystal surface.
- y satisfies 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2, but when y exceeds 0.2, the difference in ionic radii (Cu 2+ : r to 0.073 nm, Mn 3+ : r to 0.0065 nm) is not preferable because the Mn—O—Mn network may be broken.
- the layered complex oxide of the present invention described above is excellent in oxygen ion conductivity and thereby excellent in oxidation characteristics, particularly PM oxidation characteristics, it is used as various materials and catalysts that require such functions. be able to.
- PM oxidation catalyst due to excellent PM oxidation characteristics, oxidation characteristics of hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) due to excellent three-way catalyst, NOx reduction catalyst due to having NOx reduction characteristics, Since it has excellent oxygen ion conductivity, it can be used as an electrode catalyst or a photocatalyst for fuel cells.
- the layered complex oxide of the present invention can be usually prepared by a solid phase method. Specifically, a desired composition according to the above formula (1) is determined, and lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ), strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), manganese oxide (Mn 2 O 3 ) so as to satisfy this desired composition. ) And copper oxide (CuO) are weighed and mixed, then calcined at about 1200 ° C. for about 24 hours, further mixed again, and then calcined at 1450 ° C. for 24 hours.
- La 2 O 3 lanthanum oxide
- SrCO 3 strontium carbonate
- Mn 2 O 3 manganese oxide
- CuO copper oxide
- the oxidation catalyst of the present invention contains the above-described layered composite oxide of the present invention and exhibits excellent oxidation characteristics. Specifically, it has excellent PM oxidation characteristics such as soot and soot, and can oxidize and purify PM at a temperature of typically 270 ° C. or higher without using noble metals such as Pt. .
- the oxidation catalyst of the present invention contains the above-mentioned layered complex oxide as an essential component, but it is possible to include various components other than this.
- a refractory inorganic base material such as alumina, ceria (CeO 2 ) and zirconia (ZrO 2 ) capable of improving the specific surface area, and a porous body having uniform pores such as zeolite.
- platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) and other noble metals are examples of platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) and other noble metals.
- the oxidation catalyst of the present invention when the oxidation catalyst of the present invention is applied to an internal combustion engine, it is preferable that the oxidation catalyst of the present invention is coated on a monolithic carrier such as a honeycomb monolith carrier.
- a monolithic carrier such as a honeycomb monolith carrier.
- Such monolith carriers include ceramic carriers such as cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC) and metal carriers such as stainless steel, and any of them can be preferably used.
- This DPF includes the oxidation catalyst of the present invention and an integral structure type carrier coated with the oxidation catalyst.
- the oxidation catalyst is as described above.
- the monolithic structure type carrier the above-described honeycomb type monolithic carrier can be used.
- one end of a plurality of existing cells is alternately clogged, and cell open ends and cell closed ends are formed on the end faces.
- a honeycomb carrier having a checkerboard-like shape, that is, a so-called checkered honeycomb carrier can be particularly preferably used.
- Each catalyst contains the above-described layered composite oxide of the present invention as an essential component.
- various components can be included, and, like the above-described oxidation catalyst, fire resistance such as alumina, ceria (CeO 2 ), and zirconia (ZrO 2 ) that can improve the specific surface area.
- fire resistance such as alumina, ceria (CeO 2 ), and zirconia (ZrO 2 ) that can improve the specific surface area.
- platinum, platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh) and other noble metals can also be used.
- Example 1 La 1.5 Sr 1.5 Mn 1.95 Cu 0.05 O 7 is used as a composition, and lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ), strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), manganese oxide (Mn 2 O 3 ), and copper oxide. (CuO) was weighed and mixed using an agate mortar. Subsequently, it was calcined at 1200 ° C. for 24 hours, and the obtained samples were mixed again, followed by main firing at 1450 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain a fired product. The obtained fired product was pulverized to obtain a layered composite oxide of this example.
- La 2 O 3 lanthanum oxide
- SrCO 3 strontium carbonate
- Mn 2 O 3 manganese oxide
- CuO copper oxide
- La 1.5 Sr 1.5 Mn 1.95 Fe 0.05 O 7 is used as a composition, and lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ), strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), manganese oxide (Mn 2 O 3 ), and Fe oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) was weighed and mixed using an agate mortar. Subsequently, it was calcined at 1200 ° C. for 24 hours, and the obtained samples were mixed again, followed by main firing at 1450 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain a fired product. The obtained fired product was pulverized to obtain a layered composite oxide of this example.
- La 1.5 Sr 1.5 Mn 1.9 Fe 0.1 O 7 is used as the composition, and lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ), strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), manganese oxide (Mn 2 O 3 ), and Fe oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) was weighed and mixed using an agate mortar. Subsequently, it was calcined at 1200 ° C. for 24 hours, and the obtained samples were mixed again, followed by firing at 1450 ° C. for 40 hours to obtain a fired product. The obtained fired product was pulverized to obtain a layered composite oxide of this example.
- La 1.5 Sr 1.5 Mn 1.8 Fe 0.2 O 7 is used as a composition, and lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ), strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), manganese oxide (Mn 2 O 3 ), and Fe oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) was weighed and mixed using an agate mortar. Subsequently, it was calcined at 1200 ° C. for 24 hours, and the obtained samples were mixed again, followed by firing at 1450 ° C. for 40 hours to obtain a fired product. The obtained fired product was pulverized to obtain a layered composite oxide of this example.
- La 1.5 Sr 1.5 Mn 1.95 Ni 0.05 O 7 is used as a composition, and lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ), strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), manganese oxide (Mn 2 O 3 ), and nickel oxide. (NiO) was weighed and mixed using an agate mortar. Subsequently, it was calcined at 1200 ° C. for 24 hours, and the obtained samples were mixed again, followed by main firing at 1450 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain a fired product. The obtained fired product was pulverized to obtain a layered composite oxide of this example.
- ⁇ Performance evaluation> The layered complex oxide of each example obtained as described above and PM collected from the automobile engine were weighed at a mass ratio of 1/1 and physically mixed in a mortar to obtain samples of each example. A mixed gas of 10 vol% oxygen gas (O 2 ) and a balance amount of nitrogen gas (N 2 ) or argon gas (Ar) was introduced into the sample of each example, and TG-DTA (thermobalance-differential thermal analysis) ). In the temperature schedule, the temperature is increased to 270 ° C. at 10 ° C./min under a flow of Ar gas at 100 cc / min, and the temperature is maintained for 10 minutes.
- O 2 vol% oxygen gas
- N 2 nitrogen gas
- Ar argon gas
- the layered composite oxides of Examples 1 to 4 belonging to the scope of the present invention are more combustible with PM than the layered composite oxides of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 outside the present invention. It can be seen that the starting temperature and activation energy are low and the catalytic activity is excellent. In particular, it is understood that the substitution amount of copper (Cu) or iron (Fe) in B is preferably 0 to 0.2. It can also be seen that the catalytic activity is most excellent when copper (Cu) is selected.
- the layered composite oxides of Examples 1 to 4 belonging to the scope of the present invention compared with the layered composite oxides of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 outside the present invention, even when no precious metal is contained, It can be seen that the combustion start temperature is low and the catalytic activity is excellent.
- the excellent oxygen ion conductivity of the layered composite oxide of the present invention can be applied not only to an exhaust gas purification catalyst but also to an electrode catalyst and a photocatalyst of a fuel cell, and can also realize an excellent fuel cell and a photocatalyst. Is.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の層状複合酸化物は、各種触媒などに有用であり、特にパティキュレートマター(PM)を浄化するディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター(DPF)に好適に使用される。
例えば、一酸化炭素(CO)シフト触媒や燃料電池(FC)の電解質膜材料として注目されているものもある。また、排ガス浄化触媒としては、未だ実用温度域からはかけ離れた高温域であるものの、窒素酸化物(NOx)分解に関する論文も見受けられる。
La1.5Sr1.5Mn2-yByO7…(1)
(式中のBはCu及び/又はFeを示し、yは0<y≦0.2を満足する。)で表される組成を有することを特徴とする。
上述のように、本発明の層状複合酸化物は、次の(1)式
La1.5Sr1.5Mn2-yByO7…(1)
(式中のBはCu及び/又はFeを示し、yは0<y≦0.2を満足する。)で表される組成を有する。
この層状ペロブスカイト材料は、層間に存在するAサイト元素や酸素八面体の中心位置に存在するBサイト元素を変化させることにより、様々な物性を示すことが知られている。
かかる置換によって原子価制御や電子状態制御が行われ、酸素空孔の導入が促進される。この酸素空孔は、酸素の結晶格子内における拡散特性を向上させるとともに、結晶表面における酸素吸着点として挙動する。
よって、本発明の層状複合酸化物は、酸化特性に優れており、代表的には、PM酸化温度を低下させることができ、酸化速度も向上している。
また、Mnについても、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)及びニッケル(Ni)などのイオン半径がMnとほぼ同等な遷移金属元素と置換することが可能である。
CuはMnの原子価が3価であるのに対して2価なので、Cu置換は、原子価制御によって酸素空孔の導入を促進し、得られる層状複合酸化物の結晶格子内での酸素拡散特性を向上させるとともに、結晶表面に酸素吸着点(酸素空孔)を形成し易くする。
具体的には、優れたPM酸化特性からPM酸化触媒、炭化水素類(HC)や一酸化炭素(CO)の酸化特性に優れることから三元触媒、NOx還元特性も有することからNOx分解触媒、酸素イオン伝導性に優れることから燃料電池の電極触媒や光触媒として用いることができる。
本発明の層状複合酸化物は、通常、固相法によって調製することができる。
具体的には、上記の(1)式に従う所望組成を決定し、この所望組成を満足するように、酸化ランタン(La2O3)、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3)、酸化マンガン(Mn2O3)及び酸化銅(CuO)を秤取し、混合した後、約1200℃で約24時間仮焼成し、更に再度混合した後、1450℃で24時間焼成することによって、調製することができる。
本発明の酸化触媒は、上述した本発明の層状複合酸化物を含有するものであり、優れた酸化特性を示す。
具体的には、煤やスート(Soot)などのPMの酸化特性に優れており、Ptなどの貴金属を使用することなく、代表的には270℃以上の温度でPMを酸化浄化することができる。
例えば、比表面積を向上し得るアルミナ、セリア(CeO2)及びジルコニア(ZrO2)などの耐火性無機質基材や、ゼオライトなどの均一な細孔を有する多孔質体を含めることが可能である。また、白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)及びロジウム(Rh)その他の貴金属を含めることも可能である。
かかるモノリス担体には、コーディエライトやシリコンカーバイド(SiC)などのセラミックス製担体とステンレスなどのメタル製担体があるが、いずれも好ましく使用することができる。
このDPFは、上記本発明の酸化触媒と、当該酸化触媒をコートした一体構造型担体を備える。
なお、一体構造型担体としては、上述のハニカム型モノリス担体を用いることができるが、特に、複数存在するセルの一方の端部を交互に目詰めし、端面において、セル開放端とセル閉塞端とが市松模様のような形状をなすハニカム担体、いわゆるチェッカードハニカム担体を特に好ましく用いることができる。
いずれの触媒も、上述した本発明の層状複合酸化物を必須成分として含有する。
この層状複合酸化物以外にも、各種成分を含むことが可能であり、上述した酸化触媒と同様に、比表面積を向上し得るアルミナ、セリア(CeO2)及びジルコニア(ZrO2)などの耐火性無機質基材や、ゼオライトなどの均一な細孔を有する多孔質体を含めることが可能である。また、白金、白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)及びロジウム(Rh)その他の貴金属を含めることも可能である。
更に、ハニカム型モノリス担体などの一体構造型担体を用いることもできる。
La1.5Sr1.5Mn1.95Cu0.05O7を仕込み組成として、酸化ランタン(La2O3)、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3)、酸化マンガン(Mn2O3)及び酸化銅(CuO)を秤取し、メノウ乳鉢を用いて混合した。次いで、1200℃で24時間仮焼成し、更に、得られた試料を再度混合し、1450℃で20時間本焼成し、焼成物を得た。得られた焼成物を粉砕し、本例の層状複合酸化物を得た。
La1.5Sr1.5Mn1.95Fe0.05O7を仕込み組成として、酸化ランタン(La2O3)、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3)、酸化マンガン(Mn2O3)及び酸化Fe(Fe2O3)を秤取し、メノウ乳鉢を用いて混合した。次いで、1200℃で24時間仮焼成し、更に、得られた試料を再度混合し、1450℃で20時間本焼成し、焼成物を得た。得られた焼成物を粉砕し、本例の層状複合酸化物を得た。
La1.5Sr1.5Mn1.9Fe0.1O7を仕込み組成として、酸化ランタン(La2O3)、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3)、酸化マンガン(Mn2O3)及び酸化Fe(Fe2O3)を秤取し、メノウ乳鉢を用いて混合した。次いで、1200℃で24時間仮焼成し、更に、得られた試料を再度混合し、1450℃で40時間本焼成し、焼成物を得た。得られた焼成物を粉砕し、本例の層状複合酸化物を得た。
La1.5Sr1.5Mn1.8Fe0.2O7を仕込み組成として、酸化ランタン(La2O3)、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3)、酸化マンガン(Mn2O3)及び酸化Fe(Fe2O3)を秤取し、メノウ乳鉢を用いて混合した。次いで、1200℃で24時間仮焼成し、更に、得られた試料を再度混合し、1450℃で40時間本焼成し、焼成物を得た。得られた焼成物を粉砕し、本例の層状複合酸化物を得た。
La1.5Sr1.5Mn2O7を仕込み組成として、酸化ランタン(La2O3)、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3)及び酸化マンガン(Mn2O3)を秤取し、メノウ乳鉢を用いて混合した。次いで、900℃で24時間仮焼成し、更に、得られた試料を再度混合し、1050℃で24時間本焼成し、焼成物を得た。得られた焼成物を粉砕し、本例の層状複合酸化物を得た。
La1.5Sr1.5Mn1.95Ni0.05O7を仕込み組成として、酸化ランタン(La2O3)、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3)、酸化マンガン(Mn2O3)及び酸化ニッケル(NiO)を秤取し、メノウ乳鉢を用いて混合した。次いで、1200℃で24時間仮焼成し、更に、得られた試料を再度混合し、1450℃で20時間本焼成し、焼成物を得た。得られた焼成物を粉砕し、本例の層状複合酸化物を得た。
以上のようにして得られた各例の層状複合酸化物と自動車エンジンから採取したPMを質量比で1/1の割合で秤取し、乳鉢で物理混合し、各例の試料とした。
各例の試料に対し、10vol%の酸素ガス(O2)とバランス量の窒素ガス(N2)の混合ガス、又はアルゴンガス(Ar)を導入し、TG-DTA(熱天秤-示差熱分析)に供した。なお、温度スケジュールは、Arガス100cc/min流通下に10℃/minで270℃まで昇温し、そのまま10分間保持する。その後、流通ガスをArからO2/N2バランスの混合ガスに切り替え、100cc/minの流通下に270℃で45分間保持するものとした。
TG-DTAの発熱ピーク又は重量減少が確認される温度を測定し、その温度を燃焼開始温度として評価した。得られた結果を表1に示す。
また、実施例1及び2、比較例1及び2の試料の分析結果をグラフ化して図1に示す。なお、図1中「DP」はディーゼルパティキュレートの略であり、PMそのものである。
また、本発明の範囲に属する実施例1~4の層状複合酸化物は、本発明外の比較例1及び2の層状複合酸化物と比較して、貴金属を含まない場合であっても、PM燃焼開始温度が低く、触媒活性が優れることが分かる。
例えば、上記の実施例では、PM燃焼性能を評価したが、本発明の層状複合酸化物は三元浄化性能もNOx還元性能も有する。また、DPFについては、上記のPM燃焼性能から良好な結果を示すことが自明である。
Claims (6)
- 次の(1)式
La1.5Sr1.5Mn2-yByO7…(1)
(式中のBはCu及び/又はFeを示し、yは0<y≦0.2を満足する。)で表される組成を有することを特徴とする層状複合酸化物。 - (1)式におけるBがCuであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の層状複合酸化物。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の層状複合酸化物を含有することを特徴とする酸化触媒。
- パティキュレートマターを浄化するディーゼルパティキュレートフィルターであって、 請求項3に記載の酸化触媒と、この酸化触媒をコートした一体構造型担体を備えることを特徴とするディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の層状複合酸化物を含有することを特徴とする三元触媒。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の層状複合酸化物を含有することを特徴とする窒素酸化物浄化触媒。
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| CN201180052557.4A CN103209927B (zh) | 2010-11-04 | 2011-10-03 | 层状复合氧化物、氧化催化剂以及柴油颗粒过滤器 |
| EP11837827.2A EP2636648A4 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2011-10-03 | HISTORIZED COMPLEX OXID, OXIDATION CATALYST AND DIESEL PARTICLE FILTERS |
| JP2012541787A JP5610319B2 (ja) | 2010-11-04 | 2011-10-03 | 層状複合酸化物、酸化触媒及びディーゼルパティキュレートフィルター |
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| CN108649235A (zh) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-12 | 北京科技大学 | 一种a位层状钙钛矿型电极材料及其制备方法 |
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| JP2017109182A (ja) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | パティキュレートフィルタ |
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| CN103209927B (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
| CN103209927A (zh) | 2013-07-17 |
| EP2636648A1 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
| JP5610319B2 (ja) | 2014-10-22 |
| US20140147341A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
| US9091195B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
| EP2636648A4 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
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