WO2012088678A1 - 一种pt-ru纳米合金/石墨烯催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种pt-ru纳米合金/石墨烯催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012088678A1 WO2012088678A1 PCT/CN2010/080449 CN2010080449W WO2012088678A1 WO 2012088678 A1 WO2012088678 A1 WO 2012088678A1 CN 2010080449 W CN2010080449 W CN 2010080449W WO 2012088678 A1 WO2012088678 A1 WO 2012088678A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy, in particular to a Pt-Ru nano-alloy / graphene catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell .
- the invention also relates to a preparation method and application of a Pt-Ru nanoalloy/graphene catalyst.
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cell It is a new generation of hydrogen-fired power generation device. Besides the general advantages of fuel cells (high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness, etc.), it also has higher specific power and specific energy, lower operating temperature and can be quickly opened at room temperature. The outstanding advantages of start-up and long life have become the most promising fuel cell.
- PEMFC electrocatalyst is one of the key factors restricting its commercialization. Therefore, the research on electrocatalyst becomes PEMFC.
- the preparation method of the catalyst has a great influence on the particle size and crystal state of the Pt particles in the catalyst, and more Pt/C has been reported so far.
- the catalyst preparation methods mainly include inorganic colloid method, impregnation method, gel sol method and precipitation method.
- the catalyst prepared by the original method has the problems of poor particle dispersibility, uneven particle size and relatively harsh reaction conditions. Since the preparation process of the catalyst determines its composition and structure, and thus affects its catalytic performance, it is very important to study the preparation method and process of the catalyst.
- graphene is a carbon material with a layered structure of less than 10 layers of graphite molecules with a high specific surface area (the theoretical specific surface area of single-layer graphene can reach 2620 m 2 /g). Can provide more proud load points.
- graphene exhibits a strong quantum effect and good electron conductivity. It is found by the first principle that the platinum group can be stably supported on the graphene, and the adsorption of carbon monoxide or hydrogen on the platinum particles is reduced by the presence of graphene, which is more favorable for the reaction in the fuel cell. Therefore, graphene can be used as a good carbon carrier.
- the present invention provides a method for preparing a Pt-Ru nanoalloy/graphene catalyst, comprising the following steps:
- the preparation of the reverse micelle system at room temperature, including surfactants (anionic surfactants or cationic surfactants, such as sodium methylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, aliphatic Sulfate, quaternary ammonium salts, etc., co-surfactants (eg, n-octanol, n-nonanol, n-heptanol, n-hexanol), oil phase (eg, cyclohexane), and chloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtCl) 6, the molar concentration of 0.04mol / L) and ruthenium chloride (RuCl 3, molar concentration of the mixed system 0.04mol / L) aqueous solution, to form a uniform and stable reverse micelles under ultrasonic irradiation; and the surfactant , the ratio of the co-surfactant and the oil phase is 10:7:1;
- Demulsification Under ultrasonic vibration, a demulsifier (such as acetone or absolute ethanol) is added to the above emulsion, and the amount of the demulsifier added is the volume of cyclohexane. 20-50%), the Pt-Ru nanoalloy is loaded onto the graphene carrier to prepare a mixed system;
- a demulsifier such as acetone or absolute ethanol
- Pt-Ru nano-alloy / graphene catalyst prepared by the above method, graphene as carrier, Pt-Ru The nanoalloy is supported on the graphene.
- the Pt-Ru nanoalloy/graphene catalyst prepared by the present invention can be applied to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
- the Pt-Ru nanoalloy/graphene catalyst of the invention adopts graphene as a carrier, and utilizes the ion effect and two-dimensional ductility of graphene to improve the stability of the catalyst.
- the reverse micelle system provides a microenvironment (water-in-oil microemulsion), which is an ideal place for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles.
- the particle size of the metal nanoparticles prepared by this method is easy to control and the distribution is relatively uniform.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing a Pt-Ru nanoalloy/graphene catalyst of the present invention
- Example 2 is an EDS test pattern of the Pt-Ru nanoalloy/graphene catalyst obtained in Example 1.
- the invention provides a method for preparing a Pt-Ru nano-alloy/graphene catalyst for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein the loading of the platinum metal is 5 ⁇ 80w%, this catalyst uses graphene as a carrier, which utilizes the ion effect of graphene and two-dimensional ductility to improve the stability of the catalyst.
- the preparation process of the above Pt / graphene catalyst includes the steps:
- Reparation of reverse micelle system at room temperature, including surfactant (anionic surfactant or cationic surfactant, such as sodium methylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, aliphatic sulfuric acid) Salts, quaternary ammonium salts, etc.), co-surfactants (eg, n-octanol, n-nonanol, n-heptanol, n-hexanol), oil phase (eg, cyclohexane), and chloroplatinic acid (molar concentration 0.04) a mixed system of mol/L) and cerium chloride (molar concentration of 0.04 mol/L) in an aqueous solution to form a uniform and stable reverse micelle system; and the surfactant, cosurfactant and oil phase Mass ratio 10:7:1;
- surfactant anionic surfactant or cationic surfactant, such as sodium methylbenzenesulfon
- Demulsification Under the ultrasonic vibration, a demulsifier (such as acetone or absolute ethanol) is added to the above emulsion, and the amount of the demulsifier added is the volume of cyclohexane. 20-50%), loading the Pt-Ru nanoalloy onto the graphene carrier to obtain a mixed system;
- a demulsifier such as acetone or absolute ethanol
- the method further comprises the following steps:
- Pt-Ru nano-alloy / graphene catalyst prepared by the above method, graphene as carrier, Pt-Ru The nanoalloy is supported on the graphene.
- the Pt-Ru nanoalloy/graphene catalyst prepared by the present invention can be applied to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
- the Pt-Ru nanoalloy/graphene catalyst of the invention adopts graphene as a carrier, and utilizes the ion effect and two-dimensional ductility of graphene to improve the stability of the catalyst.
- the reverse micelle system provides a microenvironment (water-in-oil microemulsion), which is an ideal place for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles.
- the particle size of the metal nanoparticles prepared by this method is easy to control and the distribution is relatively uniform.
- Graphite oxide was prepared by a modified Hummers method. The specific step is to put 20g 50 Add graphite powder, 10 g potassium persulfate and 10 g phosphorus pentoxide to concentrated sulfuric acid at 80 °C, stir evenly, cool for more than 6 h, wash until neutral and dry. Add the dried sample to 0 °C In 230 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, add 60 g of potassium permanganate, keep the temperature of the mixture below 20 °C for 30 minutes, and then keep it in the oil bath at 35 °C for 2 h. Afterwards, slowly add 920 mL of deionized water.
- the preparation of graphene oxide solution the prepared 0.5g graphite oxide is added to 200 mL The water was ultrasonically dispersed to form a graphene oxide solution uniformly dispersed in a single sheet.
- the preparation of the reverse micelle system at room temperature, the aliphatic sulfate, n-hexanol and cyclohexane by mass ratio 100:70:10 The ratio is mixed, then the water is added in a ratio of aliphatic sulfate to water 1:7, ultrasonically shaken for 30 min, and finally 0.04 mol/L chloroplatinic acid solution and 0.04 mol/L are prepared.
- the cerium chloride solution was slowly added dropwise to the mixed solution, and the ultrasonic vibration was controlled for 30 min to form a transparent reverse micelle system.
- the formation of the precursor slowly add the prepared graphene oxide solution to the reverse micelle system, ultrasonic vibration for 30min . Control the mass ratio of platinum-rhodium alloy to graphene 1:10.
- Example 2 shows the Pt-Ru nanoalloy/graphene catalyst obtained in Example 1 for EDS Test the spectrum; it can be seen from the figure that the obtained catalyst mainly contains platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), carbon (C), oxygen (O ) Four elements.
- Graphite oxide was prepared by a modified Hummers method. The specific step is to put 20g 50 Add graphite powder, 10 g potassium persulfate and 10 g phosphorus pentoxide to concentrated sulfuric acid at 80 °C, stir evenly, cool for more than 6 h, wash until neutral and dry. Add the dried sample to 0 °C Add 200 g of potassium permanganate to 200 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. Keep the temperature of the mixture below 20 °C for 5 minutes, then keep it in the oil bath at 35 °C for 1 h. Afterwards, slowly add 920 mL of deionized water.
- the preparation of graphene oxide solution the prepared 0.5g graphite oxide is added to 200 mL The water was ultrasonically dispersed to form a graphene oxide solution uniformly dispersed in a single sheet.
- the preparation of the reverse micelle system at room temperature, sodium toluene sulfonate, n-heptanol and cyclohexane by mass ratio 100:70:10 The ratio is mixed, then the water is added in a ratio of 1:7 molar ratio of sodium toluenesulfonate to water, ultrasonically shaken for 30 min, and finally a 0.04 mol/L chloroplatinic acid solution and 0.04 mol/L are prepared. The cerium chloride solution was slowly added dropwise to the mixed solution, and the ultrasonic vibration was controlled for 30 min to form a transparent reverse micelle system.
- Demulsification Under ultrasonic vibration, add 20 mL of demulsifier acetone to the above system and let it stand until the system is layered.
- Graphite oxide was prepared by a modified Hummers method. The specific step is to put 20g 50 Add graphite powder, 10 g potassium persulfate and 10 g phosphorus pentoxide to concentrated sulfuric acid at 80 °C, stir evenly, cool for more than 6 h, wash until neutral and dry. Add the dried sample to 0 °C In 250 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, add 60 g of potassium permanganate, keep the temperature of the mixture below 20 °C, then keep it in the oil bath at 35 °C for 2 h, then slowly add 920. mL deionized water.
- the preparation of graphene oxide solution the prepared 0.5g graphite oxide is added to 200 mL The water was ultrasonically dispersed to form a graphene oxide solution uniformly dispersed in a single sheet.
- the preparation of the reverse micelle system at room temperature, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, n-nonanol and cyclohexane by mass ratio 100:70:10 The ratio is mixed, then the water is added in a ratio of 1:7 molar ratio of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to water, ultrasonically shaken for 30 min, and finally a 0.04 mol/L chloroplatinic acid solution and A 0.04 mol/L cesium chloride solution was slowly added dropwise to the mixed solution, and ultrasonic vibration was controlled for 30 minutes to form a transparent reverse micelle system.
- Graphite oxide was prepared by a modified Hummers method. The specific step is to put 20g 50 Add graphite powder, 10 g potassium persulfate and 10 g phosphorus pentoxide to concentrated sulfuric acid at 80 °C, stir evenly, cool for more than 6 h, wash until neutral and dry. Add the dried sample to 0 °C In 240 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, add 60 g of potassium permanganate, keep the temperature of the mixture below 20 °C, then keep it in the oil bath at 35 °C for 2 h, then slowly add 920. mL deionized water.
- the preparation of graphene oxide solution the prepared 0.5g graphite oxide is added to 200 mL The water was ultrasonically dispersed to form a graphene oxide solution uniformly dispersed in a single sheet.
- the preparation of the reverse micelle system at room temperature, the quaternary ammonium salt, n-octanol and cyclohexane by mass ratio 100:80:10
- the ratio is mixed, then the water is added in a ratio of 1:8 in the molar ratio of quaternary ammonium salt to water, sonicated for 30 min, and finally 0.04 mol/L chloroplatinic acid solution and 0.04 mol/L are prepared.
- the cerium chloride solution was slowly added dropwise to the mixed solution, and the ultrasonic vibration was controlled for 30 min to form a transparent reverse micelle system.
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Description
Claims (10)
- 一种 Pt-Ru 纳米合金 / 石墨烯催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:根据 Hummers 法,将石墨粉进行氧化反应,制得氧化石墨;将上述制得的氧化石墨加入水中,超声分散后,形成以单片层均匀分散的氧化石墨烯溶液;室温下,配制包括表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、油相以及氯铂酸和氯化钌水溶液的反胶束体系;将所述氧化石墨烯溶液滴加到所述反胶束体系中,并在水浴加热状态下,滴加还原剂,进行还原反应,制得 Pt-Ru 纳米合金和石墨烯的乳液;往所述乳液中滴加破乳剂,并使 Pt-Ru 纳米合金负载到石墨烯载体上;过滤、清洗、干燥负载Pt-Ru纳米合金的石墨烯,得到所述Pt-Ru纳米合金/石墨烯催化剂。
- 根据权利要求 1 所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化石墨制备步骤中,还包括如下步骤:将石墨粉、过硫酸钾和五氧化二磷分别加入 80 ℃ 的浓硫酸中,搅拌均匀,冷却,洗涤至中性,干燥,得到样品;将干燥后的样品加入 0 ℃ 的 200-250 mL 浓硫酸中,再加入高锰酸钾,并在 0-20 ℃ 保温 5-60 分钟,然后在 35 ℃ 的油浴中保持 1-2 h 后,缓慢加入含双氧水的去离子水,得到混合溶液;待上述混合物颜色变为亮黄色,趁热抽滤,再用盐酸进行洗涤、抽滤、干燥,即得到氧化石墨。
- 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述石墨粉、过硫酸钾和五氧化二磷的质量比为2:1:1。
- 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高锰酸钾的加入量为石墨粉质量的3倍;所述双氧水的质量百分比浓度为30%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为甲基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、脂肪族硫酸盐或季铵盐类中的任一种;所述助表面活性剂为正辛醇、正壬醇、正庚醇或正己醇中的任一种;所述油相为环己烷;所述氯铂酸水溶液的摩尔浓度为0.04mol/L,所述氯化钌水溶液的摩尔浓度为0.04mol/L;所述表面活性剂、助表面活性剂以及油相的质量比10:7:1。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Pt-Ru纳米合金和石墨烯的乳液中,Pt-Ru纳米合金与石墨烯的质量比1:10。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂为水合肼或硼氢化钠,还原剂的用量为氯铂酸摩尔用量的3-10倍。
- 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述破乳剂为丙酮或无水乙醇。
- 一种Pt-Ru纳米合金/石墨烯催化剂,其特征在于,该Pt-Ru纳米合金/石墨烯催化剂由权利要求1至8任一所述制备方法制得,且石墨烯为载体,Pt-Ru纳米合金负载在所述石墨烯上。
- 一种权利要求9所述的Pt-Ru纳米合金/石墨烯催化剂在质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用。
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| CN2010800696709A CN103153457A (zh) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | 一种Pt-Ru纳米合金/石墨烯催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| US13/990,129 US20130252135A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Pt-ru nano-alloy/graphene catalyst, preparation method and use thereof |
| JP2013546550A JP5715264B2 (ja) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | 白金−ルテニウムナノ合金/グラフェン触媒の作製法 |
| PCT/CN2010/080449 WO2012088678A1 (zh) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | 一种pt-ru纳米合金/石墨烯催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| EP10861327.4A EP2659967B1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Pt-ru nano-alloy/graphene catalyst, preparation method and use thereof |
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| CN103816894A (zh) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-28 | 武汉科技大学 | 掺杂型石墨烯负载PtRu合金纳米电催化剂及其制备方法 |
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| CN103816894A (zh) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-28 | 武汉科技大学 | 掺杂型石墨烯负载PtRu合金纳米电催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN103816894B (zh) * | 2014-02-17 | 2016-03-02 | 武汉科技大学 | 掺杂型石墨烯负载PtRu合金纳米电催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN108295843A (zh) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-20 | 常州大学 | 一种软模板法制备三维石墨烯负载纳米Pd催化剂及其在硝基苯加氢中的应用 |
| CN108295843B (zh) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-05-26 | 常州大学 | 一种软模板法制备三维石墨烯负载纳米Pd催化剂及其在硝基苯加氢中的应用 |
| CN111957330A (zh) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-20 | 中北大学 | 一种janus两性特征的杂多酸/c3n4催化剂制备方法及其应用 |
| CN111957330B (zh) * | 2020-08-24 | 2023-03-31 | 中北大学 | 一种janus两性特征的杂多酸/c3n4催化剂制备方法及其应用 |
| CN113025413A (zh) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-25 | 苏州润纳斯纳米科技有限公司 | 一种带有改性添加剂的润滑油及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2659967A4 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
| EP2659967B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
| CN103153457A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
| EP2659967A1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
| JP2014511255A (ja) | 2014-05-15 |
| US20130252135A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
| JP5715264B2 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
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