WO2012116472A1 - 人造咬胶皮、其制备方法及用途 - Google Patents

人造咬胶皮、其制备方法及用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012116472A1
WO2012116472A1 PCT/CN2011/000433 CN2011000433W WO2012116472A1 WO 2012116472 A1 WO2012116472 A1 WO 2012116472A1 CN 2011000433 W CN2011000433 W CN 2011000433W WO 2012116472 A1 WO2012116472 A1 WO 2012116472A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
leather
artificial
chew
powder
bite
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2011/000433
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王传浩
刘尚武
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US14/002,227 priority Critical patent/US9320262B2/en
Priority to EP11859725.1A priority patent/EP2682003A4/en
Priority to JP2013555721A priority patent/JP5940100B2/ja
Priority to KR1020137024591A priority patent/KR20140020928A/ko
Publication of WO2012116472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012116472A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/179—Colouring agents, e.g. pigmenting or dyeing agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
    • A23K50/42—Dry feed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pet food technology, and more particularly to an artificial bite rubber, a preparation method thereof and use thereof. Background technique
  • Dog chew is referred to as chew, which is a high-protein pet food for dogs.
  • chews have become more and more popular among pet breeders, mainly because the long-term consumption of chews by pet dogs can achieve the following advantages: Stabilize teeth, clean the mouth, slow down the formation of plaque and tartar, and chew bite can stimulate Saliva production, and further citric acid, keeps the pet dog's mouth clean; slows the itching of the gums of the dog's long teeth, while protecting the home's items from being damaged; fitness toys as a pet dog; It is also a big use for chewing gum.
  • the main component of the existing chew is the second layer of animals such as cattle and pigs.
  • the chews prepared from cowhide and pigskin are various in shape, such as a bone shape, a leather sphere, a circular shape, a wooden rod shape, a shoe shape, and a granular shape.
  • the leather of cattle, pigs and other animals is rich in protein, and has the advantages of strong toughness, good elasticity and strong abrasion resistance, which is in line with the nature of pet dogs.
  • the existing cowhide and pigskin bite sheets are different in size, uneven in thickness, inconsistent in color, have holes, and have many scraps, and the utilization rate of raw materials is only 30% to 70%.
  • cowhide and pigskin chews have no taste and taste because of their main ingredients (the raw material for producing edible gelatin), and cannot attract dogs. Many pet dogs bite in the environment or helplessness. After being bitten for a while, the plastic was not interested, causing waste. To solve this problem, some pet food manufacturers add flavor additives to cowhide and pig skin, but still can't mobilize the appetite of dogs. Some food manufacturers directly add meat to the chew to make meat chews. Although the appetite of the dog is mobilized, it is 2-3 times higher than the cost of traditional cowhide and pigskin. Not widely promoted. Summary of the invention
  • the invention provides an artificial bite rubber to solve the defects in the prior art, realizes that the raw material is simple and easy to obtain, has good product form, is safe to eat and has good taste, and can be actively eaten by the dog.
  • An artificial bite rubber the raw materials include:
  • the preparation step of the leather powder comprises: removing the alkali from the leather to neutral, then drying and pulverizing into a coin size, and then grinding into a powdery powder, and the powdered powder contains 1-10% (weight) Powder).
  • the preparation process of the leather slurry comprises: de-alkaliizing the leather material to neutrality, and then grinding into a skin slurry, wherein the size of the solid particles in the skin slurry is 0.1-3.5 mm.
  • the leather material is: one or more of a whole skin, a top layer skin, a second layer skin, a three layer skin and a side material before the leather is removed after hair removal.
  • the scrap material is a gray skin that has been trimmed and trimmed after the hair of the animal skin is removed. There is no report on the use of three-layered skin and trimmings to prepare the bite by the above method.
  • the cost of producing artificial bite rubber from three layers of skin and trim is one-half or one-third of the two-layer skin, and the utilization rate is 100%
  • the mass ratio of the leather powder to the leather slurry is 3 to 8: 2 to 7.
  • the raw materials further include: one or more of poultry bone meal, poultry meat powder, poultry meat sauce, starch, protein powder, glycerin, flavoring agent, food coloring matter and trace elements.
  • the glycerin is added in an amount of from 1 to 10%, preferably from 3 to 5%, based on the total weight of the chew, and the addition of glycerin has a moisturizing and softening effect on the chew.
  • the flavoring agent is added in an amount of 0.5-3.5%, preferably 1-1.5%, of the total weight of the chew, and the flavoring agent comprises: meat flavors such as salt, sugar, monosodium glutamate, chicken flavor, beef flavor and pork flavor.
  • the poultry meat meal and/or poultry meat sauce is added in an amount of from 5 to 95%, preferably from 40 to 55%, based on the total weight of the chew.
  • the amount of starch added is 5 to 40%, preferably 8 to 15%, based on the total weight of the chew.
  • the mass ratio of the leather powder to the poultry bone powder is 2 to 9:1 to 8 , and the preferred mass ratio is 6:4.
  • the poultry bone meal is dried and ground by a poultry skeleton. The poultry skeleton needs to be soaked in boiling water for 1 ⁇ 10 minutes before drying.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned artificial bite rubber, which realizes the advantages of simple and easy preparation method, low production cost, and high utilization rate of raw materials.
  • the preparation method of the artificial bite rubber comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials and forming at a constant temperature at 30-75 °C. It is preferably molded at a constant temperature at 45-55 °C.
  • the forming crucible is extrusion molded, biscuit machine molding or mold molding. After forming, the chew is flat and uniform in size (usually 0.7-3.5mm thick), no holes, good surface finish, physical and chemical properties (hardness, chewyness, elasticity, etc.) are basically the same as traditional cowhide and pigskin bite. It can completely replace traditional cowhide and pigskin chews.
  • the invention also provides the use of the artificial bite rubber: It can be widely used in pet food materials. By simply processing the artificial bite rubber of the present invention, a new chewable product having various shapes and specifications can be obtained.
  • a stuffing chew comprising an inner filling and a skin covering the outer side of the inner filling, wherein the inner filling is made of the artificial bite rubber, and the outer skin is a leather chew or a pig skin bite.
  • a multilayer bite comprising a kraft bite or a pig skin bite coated with at least one layer of the artificial bite.
  • An embedded chew comprising a body embedded with an edible inlay, the body being the artificial bite.
  • the raw material of the invention is easy to obtain, the formula is scientific and reasonable, the preparation method is simple and easy, and the prior art
  • the comparison of the techniques mainly has the following advantages:
  • the raw materials are easy to obtain and widely available.
  • the raw materials used in the invention are the scraps produced by the skin processing and the bones slaughtered by the livestock, which on the one hand achieve environmental protection and on the other hand reduce the manufacturing cost;
  • the preparation method of the invention is simple, the cost is low, the preparation process has substantially no loss of raw materials, and the production cost is further reduced;
  • the shape and color of the artificial bite rubber product can be controlled, and it can be processed into a variety of terminal mouths in one step.
  • the present invention is not only applicable to pet dogs, but also to other animals that like animal bones;
  • the artificial chew skin provided by the invention comprises:
  • the preparation steps of the leather powder include: removing the alkali from the leather to neutral, then drying and pulverizing into a coin size, and then grinding into a powdery powder.
  • the slurry preparation step comprises: de-alkaliizing the leather to neutral, and then grinding into a slurry, wherein the size of the solid particles in the slurry is 0.1-3.5 mm.
  • Example 1 The weight ratio of each component in the chew produced by the above components, the specific processing requirements, and the preparation process of the terminal product are further illustrated in the following specific examples.
  • Example 1 The weight ratio of each component in the chew produced by the above components, the specific processing requirements, and the preparation process of the terminal product are further illustrated in the following specific examples.
  • ⁇ Use one or two kinds of ash gray scraps or three layers of skin to wash the alkalinity PH value to neutral, dry, use a plastic pulverizer to make a small piece of coin size, and then use mechanical tearing into the floc Shaped leather powder.
  • the trim is the gray skin that has been trimmed and trimmed after the hair is removed from the animal skin.
  • the leather powder heated water (60 ° C -90 ° C) is stirred into a mass, placed in a designed square mold, and then pressurized with a plate presser, heated to 50 while pressurized °C-55 °C, molding, drying, to get square flat, uniform thickness (common thickness 0.8mm-3.5mm), artificial skin bite with good surface finish.
  • Example 2
  • One or two kinds of washed and de-alkali pH values of the ash gray scrap or three-layer skin are neutral, and the wet water is grinded with a colloid to form a slurry of solid particles having a size of 0.8 mm or less.
  • the leather slurry is dehumidified by a dehumidifier to make the moisture reach 45-60%, placed in a designed square mold, flattened, pressurized, heated to 30 ° C -45 ° C, and formed. Moved into the drying room to dry, to obtain a flat, thick and uniform (common thickness of 0.8mm-3.5mm) square surface artificial rubber bite.
  • the physical and chemical properties of the artificial chews prepared in this embodiment are basically the same as those of the traditional cowhide and pigskin bite, and can completely replace the traditional cowhide and pigskin bite.
  • Example 3 Take 60% of the leather powder in Example 1 (refer to the weight of the finished product, the same below), and 40% of the leather slurry in Example 2.
  • Example 4 The two are mixed and stirred into a dough, and placed in the designed square mold. Spread out, use the plate presser to heat the material to 50 °C-55 °C at the same time, shape and dry, get square flat, uniform thickness (common thickness 0.8mm-3.5mm), artificial bite with good surface finish Rubber.
  • Example 4
  • the ash gray scraps to clean the alkalinity PH value to neutral, dry, use a plastic pulverizer to make a small piece of coin-sized skin, and then mechanically tear it into a powdery powder (like cotton wool, Longer silk fibers and a small amount of powder).
  • the ash gray scrap is cleaned and alkali-reduced to a neutral pH value, and the wet water is ground with a colloid to form a solid slurry having a size of 0.1 mm to 3.5 mm. Soak the shell of the poultry bone in boiling water for five minutes, remove it into the drying room, and bake it until the water content is 20-35%, then take out the smoke, smoke it and then dry it into the drying room to grind it into powder.
  • the weight ratio is 34% leather powder, 30% leather slurry, 33% poultry bone powder, 2% chicken bone essence, 0.5-1.5% food coloring (the food color can be selected with temptation red, chocolate One of brown, fruit green and tartrazine. Add in the desired color. Mix well and stir into a dough.
  • the chew products of various shapes are pressed into an oven by an extruder or a mold to be packaged by drying in an oven.
  • the combination of poultry bone meal, meat powder bolognese and leather material overcomes the original cowhide, pig skin bite, odorless, wasteful, high cost of adding meat bite, and the disadvantage of eating bone alone and stabbing the animal, conforming to pets
  • the taste of the dog is easy to promote.
  • Example 7 The skin slurry, meat powder (chicken), starch, flavor, and pigment in the same weight ratio as in Example 5 were thoroughly mixed, and then stirred into a dough, and placed in a designed square mold to open the pressurizer. Pressing, heating 50-55 °C at the same time into the drying room to get the cowhide chicken chewed artificial leather, then open into a leather strip, and then soften it by hand to make the bones, skin rolls and other chew products to dry.
  • the advantage of this chew product is that it has the taste of chicken, only half the price of chicken, and the characteristics of leather chews.
  • the ash gray scraps to clean and remove the alkalinity PH value to neutral drying, and use a plastic pulverizer to make a small piece of coin-sized skin, and mechanically tear it into a powdery powder of leather powder;
  • the scrap is cleaned and alkalinized to a neutral pH value.
  • the wet water is colloidally ground into a solid slurry of 0.1-3.5mm.
  • the poultry bone is placed in boiling water for 5 minutes and then dried in the oven. 20-35% of water, smoked, smoked into the drying room, dried and ground into powder; chicken dried and ground into powder;
  • the weight ratios are: 29% leather powder, 19% leather pulp, 25% poultry bone powder, 25% chicken powder, 1.5% chicken bone essence, 0.5% food coloring, fully mixed and stirred.
  • the extruder or mold is pressure-formed into various shapes of chew new products into the drying room to obtain cowhide, chicken, chicken bone new chew.
  • the product has the advantage that the taste of the product is chicken, chicken bone taste, low price, calcium and grinding function, the pet can eat, no waste.
  • Example 9 Mix the 58% of the skin powder, 38% of the skin, and 4% of the edible glycerin, and mix them into a dough. Place them in the designed square mold and spread the flat plate. The pressurizer is heated at 50-55 °C at the same time, and dried in the drying room to obtain: square, flat, thickness: 0.8-3.5mm, uniform and soft bite artificial leather, made of glycerin bite The product has a good protective effect on the teeth of puppies and old dogs.
  • Example 9 Example 9
  • the weight ratios are as follows: 90% of the leather slurry and 10% of the paste, and the two are mixed and stirred into a soft mass, which is manually pressed into a bone shape or other shape by a mold, and dried in an oven to be packaged.
  • ⁇ Use the ash gray scrap to remove alkali.
  • the PH value is neutral, and the wet water is grinded with colloid to form a solid slurry with a solid particle size of 0.1-3.5 mm. Soak the shell of the poultry bone in boiling water for 5 minutes, remove it, send it to the drying room and bake it to 20-35% of the water to remove the smoke. After the smoke, it will be dried in the oven and ground into powder. The poultry meat is dried and ground into powder.
  • the weight ratios were: 30% of the pulp, 20% of the bone powder, 48% of the chicken sauce, and 2% of the chicken flavor were mixed into a chew core filling.
  • the artificial core bite is used to make the inner core stuffing on the outer skin bag, and the products such as bones, skin sticks, hollow rolls and the like are hand-made to be dried to form a stuffed product.
  • Example 11 The product has the advantages of low cost, good taste and good taste.
  • the pet can finish the product without waste, and also achieves the function of the traditional chewing and grinding.
  • Example 11 Example 11:
  • the ash gray scraps are washed and dehydrated to a neutral pH value, and the wet water is ground with a colloid to form a solid slurry having a size of 0.1-3.5 mm.
  • the empty shell of the chicken bone is soaked in boiling water for 5 minutes, and then it is baked in the drying room to 20-35% of the water, and then smoked, then dried and ground into powder.
  • the chicken is dried and ground into powder.
  • the weight ratios are as follows: 30% leather slurry, 25% chicken bone powder, 43.5% chicken powder, and 1.5% chicken flavor are mixed and mixed into a bite rubber core filling coating.
  • Cut into 3*5cm or 4*6cm square skin pieces with the artificial bite of Example 2 apply the inner core filling paste on the inner layer (rough side), and then put a layer of skin and apply it inside.
  • the core stuffing is applied to the pulp, and then the skin is placed to form a multi-layered, layered new chew.
  • Example 12 It is also softened with the square-shaped artificial bite rubber (cut to the required size), and the inner layer is coated with the inner core paste, and the new product is made into various shapes by hand.
  • the advantage is that the cost is low, the taste is good, the pet can finish eating, and the function of grinding the teeth is also the same.
  • the ash gray scraps are washed and de-alkali to a neutral pH value, dried, and smashed into small pieces of coins by a plastic pulverizer, and then mechanically torn into powdery powder, bovine gray swarf
  • the pH of the eluted base is neutral, and the wet state is ground with a colloid into a slurry of solid particles having a size of 0.1-3.5 mm.
  • the weight ratios are as follows: 50% of the leather powder and 50% of the leather slurry are mixed and stirred into a dough, and the crucible is made into a soft 3*5cm or 4*6cm rectangle and a thickness of 1.8-3.5mm. Leather block.
  • the weight ratios are: 30% leather slurry, 68% chicken powder, 2% chicken flavor mixed and stirred into a dough, spread into thin slices, cut into cubes of size and dried in a drying room to get dried
  • the broiler chicken, the prepared soft skin of the square skin is sprinkled on the leather block and pressed into the leather block by a flat plate to obtain an embedded chew product.
  • the advantage of this product is that if a dog wants to eat chicken, it must first bite the skin to achieve the function of eating the product and grinding the teeth.
  • the raw materials of the above several examples are easy to obtain, and the preparation method is simple.
  • the manufactured artificial rubber or chew products can be used for food materials of pets.
  • the same size of traditional cowhide, pig skin chew, meat chew and the chew prepared by the present invention were fed to pet dogs respectively, and the feeding results are shown in Table 1.
  • the bite produced by the present invention is bite-resistant and chewy, and is deeply loved by pet dogs.
  • pets also consume calcium while eating chews.
  • the invention is not limited to the artificial bite rubber described in the above several embodiments, or the chew glue made of the artificial bite rubber, as long as the leather powder obtained by grinding the leather material and/or the wet material of the leather material is used.
  • the above embodiments are only for explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to be limiting; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or some of the technical features are equivalently replaced. The modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

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Description

人造咬胶皮、 其制备方法及用途 技术领域
本发明涉及宠物食品技术， 尤其涉及一种人造咬胶皮、 其制备方法及 用途。 背景技术
狗咬胶简称咬胶， 是一种供宠物狗食用的高蛋白宠物食品。 近年来 咬胶越来越受到宠物饲养者的青睐，主要是因为宠物狗长期食用咬胶可 以实现以下优点： 稳固牙齿、 清洁口腔， 减慢齿菌斑和牙垢的形成， 同 时嚼咬胶可刺激唾液产生， 进而中合齿菌酸， 保持了宠物狗口腔内的清 洁； 减緩幼狗长牙阶段牙床的痒痛， 同时又保护家中的物品不被损坏； 作为宠物狗的健身玩具； 此外减肥也是咬胶的一大用途。
现有咬胶主要成分为牛、 猪等动物的二层皮。 用牛皮、 猪皮制备的 咬胶形状多样， 如骨头形、 皮球形、 圆环形、 木棒形、 鞋子形和颗粒形 等形状。 牛、 猪等动物的皮料含有丰富的蛋白质， 同时具有韧性强、 弹 性佳、 耐磨力强的优点， 符合宠物狗爱啃咬的天性。 但现有的牛皮、 猪皮 咬胶皮张大小不一、 厚薄不均、 色泽不一致、 有破洞、 边角料多、 原料利 用率只有 30 % ~ 70 %。 而且现有的牛皮、 猪皮咬胶因其主要成分为蛋白 质 （是生产食用明胶的原料)没有口感和味道， 无法吸引宠物狗食用， 很 多宠物狗在环境所逼或无奈的情况下， 把咬胶啃咬一阵后就不感兴趣了， 造成了浪费。 为了解决这一问题， 一些宠物食品生产商在牛皮、 猪皮中添 加香味添加剂， 但仍不能调动宠物狗的食欲。 还有部分食品生产商直接 将肉添加到咬胶中制得加肉咬胶， 虽然调动了宠物狗的食欲， 却又因其 高于传统牛皮、 猪皮咬胶 2-3倍的成本， 得不到广泛推广。 发明内容
本发明提供了一种人造咬胶皮， 用以解决现有技术中的缺陷， 实现原 料简单易得， 产品形态佳， 食用安全、 口味佳， 得以宠物狗主动喜食。
一种人造咬胶皮， 原料包括：
皮料磨制得到的皮料粉和水， 或皮料湿态带水磨制得到的皮料浆， 或 将皮料磨制得到的皮料粉和皮料湿态带水（含水量为 50-85% )磨制得到的 皮料浆。
进一步地， 所述皮料粉制备步骤包括： 将皮料清洗脱碱至中性， 然后 晒干、 粉碎成硬币大小， 再磨制成絮粉状， 絮粉状中含有 1-10% (重量计） 的粉体。 所述皮料浆制备步骤包括： 将皮料清洗脱碱至中性， 再磨制成皮 料浆， 所述皮料浆中固体颗粒的大小为 0.1-3.5mm。 所述皮料为： 牲畜皮脱 毛后制革前的全皮、 头层皮、 二层皮、 三层皮和边角料中的一种或几种。 所述边角料为牲畜皮脱毛后经修边割下的灰皮。 未见利用三层皮和边角料 经上述方法加工制备咬胶的报道。 由三层皮和边角料生产人造咬胶皮的成 本是二层皮的二分之一或三分之一， 且利用率达到百分之百。
进一步地， 所述皮料粉与皮料浆的质量比为 3 ~ 8: 2 ~ 7。 皮料粉与皮 料浆均匀混合后丝状拉力和皮浆粘度均符合制备咬胶皮的要求。
进一步地， 原料还包括： 禽畜骨粉、 禽畜肉粉、 禽畜肉酱、 淀粉、 蛋 白粉、 甘油、 调味剂、 食用色素和微量元素中的一种或多种。 所述甘油的 添加量为咬胶总重量的 1-10 % , 优选的 3-5 % , 加入甘油对咬胶有保湿、 软 化的作用。所述调味剂的添加量为咬胶总重量的 0.5-3.5 % ,优选的 1-1.5 % , 所述调味剂包括： 食盐、 糖、 味精、 鸡肉香精、 牛肉香精和猪肉香精等肉 类香精。 所述禽畜肉粉和 /或禽畜肉酱的添加量为咬胶总重量的 5-95 % , 优 选的 40-55 %。 所述淀粉添加量为咬胶总重量的 5 ~ 40%, 优选的 8-15 %。 所述皮料粉和禽畜骨粉的质量比为 2 ~ 9: 1 ~ 8 , 优选的质量比为 6: 4。 进一步地， 所述禽畜骨粉由禽畜骨架烘干、 磨制而成。 所述禽畜骨架 烘干前需将其在开水中浸泡 l ~ 10min。 将所述禽畜骨架烘干至含水量为 20-35%后、 磨制之前需将其烟薰（当禽畜骨架含水量为 20-35%时烟熏效果 较好） ， 烟熏可为禽畜骨架上色， 又可增添烟熏味， 吸引宠物狗食用。 所 述禽畜骨架为家禽或牲畜屠宰分割后剩余的骨骼。 本发明的另一个目的是提供了上述人造咬胶皮的制备方法， 实现了制 备方法简单易行、 生产成本低廉、 原材料利用率高的优点。
所述人造咬胶皮的制备方法， 包括如下步骤： 将所述原料混合， 在 30-75°C下恒温成型。 优选的在 45-55°C下恒温成型。 所述成型釆用挤出机 挤出成型、 饼干机成型或模具成型。 成型后的咬胶平整、 规格统一 (常用厚 度为 0.7-3.5mm), 无破洞， 表面光洁度好， 理化性能（硬度、 耐嚼性、 弹 性等） 与传统牛皮、 猪皮咬胶皮基本相同， 可完全代替传统牛皮、 猪皮咬 胶。 本发明还提供了所述人造咬胶皮的用途： 可广泛用于宠物食料。 通过 对本发明人造咬胶皮的简单加工， 即可得到形状各异、 规格不同的咬胶新 产品。
一种带馅咬胶， 包括内馅和包覆在内馅外侧的外皮， 所述内馅釆用所 述人造咬胶皮， 所述外皮为牛皮咬胶或猪皮咬胶。
一种多层咬胶， 包括涂覆有至少一层所述人造咬胶皮的牛皮咬胶或猪 皮咬胶。
一种嵌入式咬胶， 包括嵌入有可食镶嵌物的本体， 所述本体为所述人 造咬胶皮。 本发明原料易取易得、 配方科学合理、 制备方法简单易行， 与现有技 术相比较主要具有以下几方面优点：
( 1 ) 、 原料易取易得、 来源广泛， 本发明所釆用的原材料为皮加工产 生的边角料和禽畜屠宰分割后的骨骼， 一方面实现了环保， 另一方面降低 了制造成本；
( 2 )、 本发明制备方法简单、 成本低廉， 制备过程基本没有原料损耗， 进一步地降低了生产成本；
( 3 )、 禽畜骨粉、 肉粉肉酱和皮料的结合， 克服了原有牛皮、 猪皮咬 胶无味、 浪费大， 加肉咬胶成本高， 单独食用骨头易扎伤、 刺伤动物的缺 点， 符合宠物狗的口味， 易于推广食用；
( 4 )、 人造咬胶皮产品形态、 颜色可控， 可以一步加工成多种终端产 口口，
( 5 )、 应用范围广泛， 本发明不仅适用于宠物狗， 还适用于其他喜食 动物骨骼的动物；
( 6 )、 解决了传统咬胶皮无法相叠， 和可食镶嵌物嵌入咬胶皮体内的 难题。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚， 下面将结合本发明， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实 施例是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施 例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他 实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供的人造咬胶皮， 原料包括：
皮料磨制得到的皮料粉和水，
或皮料湿态带水磨制得到的皮料浆，
或所述皮料粉和所述皮料浆。 皮料粉制备步骤包括： 将皮料清洗脱碱至中性， 然后晒干、 粉碎成硬 币大小， 再磨制成絮粉状。
皮料浆制备步骤包括： 将皮料清洗脱碱至中性， 再磨制成皮浆， 所述 皮浆中固体颗粒的大小为 0.1-3.5mm。
由以上组分生产的咬胶中各组分的重量比、 具体加工要求和终端产品 的制备工艺在以下具体实施例进一步说明。 实施例 1
釆用牛灰皮边角料或三层皮的一种或二种经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性，晒 干， 用塑料粉碎机打成硬币大小的小块皮， 再用机械撕打成絮粉状的皮料 粉。 边角料为牲畜皮脱毛后经修边割下的灰皮。
将皮料粉加热水（60°C-90°C )搅拌成团， 放入已设计好的方格模具内 平铺开， 然后用平板加压器加压， 加压的同时加温至 50°C-55 °C , 成型、 烘 干， 得到方块平整、 厚薄均匀 （常用厚度 0.8mm-3.5mm )、 表面光洁度好的 人造咬胶皮。 实施例 2
釆用牛灰皮边角料或三层皮的一种或二种经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性，湿 态带水用胶体磨磨成固体颗粒的大小为 0.8mm以下的皮料浆。
将皮料浆用抽湿机去水分， 使水分达到 45-60%, 放入已设计好的方格 模具内， 平铺开， 加压、 加温至 30°C-45 °C , 成型， 移进烘房烘干， 得到平 整、 厚薄均匀 （常用厚度 0.8mm-3.5mm )表面光洁度好的方块型人造咬胶 皮。 本实施例所制备的人造咬胶皮理化性能与传统牛皮、 猪皮咬胶皮基本 相同， 可完全代替传统牛皮、 猪皮咬胶。 实施例 3: 取实施例 1中的皮料粉 60 % (指成品重量， 下同）、 实施例 2中的皮料 浆 40%, 二者混合搅拌成团状， 放入已设计好的方格模具内平铺开， 在原 料上用平板加压器同时加温至 50°C-55 °C , 成型、 烘干， 得到方块平整、 厚 薄均匀 （常用厚度 0.8mm-3.5mm )、 表面光洁度好的人造咬胶皮。 实施例 4:
釆用牛灰皮边角料经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性， 晒干， 用塑料粉碎机打成 硬币大小的小块皮， 再用机械撕打成絮粉状的皮料粉 (像棉絮、 有较长的丝 纤维及少数粉末)。 将牛灰皮边角料经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性， 湿态带水用 胶体磨磨成固体颗粒的大小为 0.1mm-3.5mm的皮料浆。 将禽骨空壳放入开 水中浸泡五分钟， 捞出进烘房， 烘至含水量为 20-35%后取出烟熏， 熏好再 进烘房烘干磨成粉。
将重量比分别为 34%的皮料粉、 30%的皮料浆、 33%的禽骨粉、 2%的 鸡骨香精、 0.5-1.5%的食用色素 （所述食用色素可选用诱惑红、 巧克力棕、 果绿和柠檬黄中的一种。 按所需颜色加） 充分混合， 搅拌成团状。 用挤出 机或模具压制成各种形状的咬胶产品进入烘房烘干即可包装。 禽畜骨粉、 肉粉肉酱和皮料的结合， 克服了原有牛皮、 猪皮咬胶无味、 浪费大， 加肉 咬胶成本高， 单独食用骨头易扎伤、 刺伤动物的缺点， 符合宠物狗的口味， 易于推广食用。 实施例 5:
釆用牛灰皮边角料经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性，湿态带水用胶体磨磨成皮 料浆， 其中固体颗粒的大小在 0.8mm以下， 取禽肉或猪肉或牛肉烘干磨成 粉， 将重量配比分别为： 38%的皮料浆、 50%的肉粉、 10%的淀粉或蛋白粉、 1.5%加入香精（用哪种肉粉即加入哪种香精）、 0.5%加入食用色素（按所需 颜色加） 充分混合后搅拌成团状， 用模具加压或挤出机成型制成各种形状 的咬胶产品烘干即可。 实施例 6
釆用与实施例 5相同重量配比的皮料浆、 肉粉（鸡肉）、 淀粉、 香精、 色素充分混合后搅拌成团状， 放入已设计好的方格模具内平铺开加压器加 压， 同时加温 50-55 °C成型进烘房烘干得到牛皮鸡肉咬胶人造皮， 再开成皮 条， 然后回软用手工编制成结骨、 皮卷等咬胶产品烘干即可。 该咬胶产品 的优点在于有鸡肉的口感， 只有鸡肉一半的价格， 且有牛皮咬胶磨牙的特 性。 实施例 7:
釆用牛灰皮边角料经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性晒干，经塑料粉碎机打成硬 币大小的小块皮， 用机械撕打成皮絮粉状的皮料粉； 釆用牛灰皮边角料经 清洗脱碱 PH 值达中性， 湿态带水用胶体磨磨成固体颗粒的大小在 0.1-3.5mm 的皮料浆； 禽骨空壳放入开水 5 分钟捞出进烘房烘至水份 20-35%, 取出烟熏， 熏好进烘房烘干磨成粉； 鸡肉烘干磨成粉；
将重量配比分别为： 29%的皮料粉、 19%的皮料浆、 25%的禽骨粉、 25% 的鸡肉粉、 1.5%的鸡骨香精、 0.5%的食用色素， 充分混合后搅拌成团状， 挤出机或模具加压成型制成各种形状的咬胶新产品进烘房烘干得到牛皮、 鸡肉、 鸡骨新咬胶。
该产品的优点在于产品口感有鸡肉、 鸡骨味道， 价格低， 补钙且具磨 牙功能， 宠物能吃完、 无浪费。 实施例 8:
釆用牛灰皮边角料经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性晒干，用塑料粉碎机打成硬 币大小的小块皮， 再用机械撕打成絮粉状的皮料粉。 釆用牛灰皮边角料经 清洗脱碱 PH值达中性， 湿态带水用胶体磨磨成颗粒在 0.8mm以下的皮料 浆。
将重量配比分别为 58%的皮絮粉、 38%的皮浆、 4%的食用甘油三者充 分混合后搅拌成团状， 放入已设计好的方格模具内， 平铺开用平板加压器 同时加温 50-55 °C成型， 进烘房烘干得到： 方块、 平整、 厚度： 0.8-3.5mm、 均匀并且柔软度较好的咬胶人造皮， 添加甘油的咬胶皮制成产品对小狗、 老狗的牙齿起到很好的保护作用。 实施例 9:
釆用牛灰皮边角料经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性，然后湿态打碎成固体颗粒 的大小在 0.1-3.5cm的小颗粒的到皮料浆， 釆用淀粉或蛋白粉制成浆糊。
将重量配比分别为： 90%的皮料浆和 10%的浆糊， 两者混合搅拌成软 团装， 用模具手工压制成骨头状或其他形状， 进烘房烘干， 即可包装。 实施例 10:
釆用牛灰皮边角料经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性，湿态带水用胶体磨磨成固 体颗粒的大小在 0.1-3.5mm的皮料浆。将禽骨空壳经开水浸泡 5分钟后捞出， 送至烘房烘至水份 20-35%取出烟熏， 熏好后再进烘房烘干磨成粉。 将禽肉 烘干磨成粉。
将重量配比分别为： 30%的皮浆、 20%的禽骨粉、 48%的鸡肉酱、 2% 的鸡肉香精四者搅拌成一种咬胶内芯馅。
用人造咬胶皮做外皮包上拌好的内芯馅， 用手工制作成结骨、 皮棒、 空心卷之类的产品烘干即成一种带馅的咬胶产品。
该产品的优点在于成本低， 口感、 味道好， 宠物能把产品吃完， 不浪 费， 同样达到传统咬胶磨牙健身的功能。 实施例 11 :
将牛灰皮边角料经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性，湿态带水用胶体磨磨成固体 颗粒的大小在 0.1-3.5mm的皮料浆。鸡骨空壳经开水浸泡 5分钟捞出，进烘 房烘至水份 20-35%取出烟熏， 熏好再烘干磨成粉。 鸡肉烘干磨成粉。
取重量配比分别为： 30%的皮料浆、 25%的鸡骨粉、 43.5%的鸡肉粉、 1.5%的鸡肉香精四者混合搅拌成咬胶内芯馅涂层浆。
用实施例 2的人造咬胶皮裁剪成 3*5cm或 4*6cm的方块状皮片， 在里 层（粗糙一面）涂上内芯馅涂浆， 再摆上一层皮片， 涂上内芯馅涂浆， 再 摆皮片， 即成一种多层、 层次分明的新咬胶。
同样用已经裁切好的方块型人造咬胶皮（按所需大小规格裁切）回软， 在里层涂上内芯馅涂浆， 用手工制作成各种形状的咬胶新产品， 该产品的 优点在于成本低， 口感好， 宠物能吃完， 同样具备磨牙健身的功能。 实施例 12:
将牛灰皮边角料经清洗脱碱 PH值达中性， 晒干， 用塑料粉碎机打成硬 币大小的小块皮， 再用机械撕打成絮粉状的皮料粉， 牛灰皮边角料经清洗 脱碱 PH值达中性，湿态用胶体磨磨成固体颗粒的大小在 0.1-3.5mm的皮料 浆。
将重量配比分别为： 50%的皮料粉、 50%的皮料浆二者混合搅拌成团状， 揉制成 3*5cm或 4*6cm长方形、 厚度达 1.8-3.5mm之间的软皮块。
将重量配比分别为： 30%的皮料浆、 68%的鸡肉粉、 2%的鸡肉香精混 合搅拌成团状， 摊开成薄片， 切成鸡丁大小的方块进烘房烘干得到干肉鸡 丁， 取已制成的方皮软块把鸡丁均勾的撒在皮块上， 用平板压入嵌在皮块 内烘干得到一种嵌入式的咬胶产品。
该产品的优点在于宠物狗若想吃到鸡丁必须先咬外皮， 以达到吃完产 品亦磨牙健身的功能。 上述几种实施例原料易取易得， 制备方法工艺简单。 制得的人造要胶 皮或咬胶产品可用于宠物的食料。 取同等大小的传统牛皮、 猪皮咬胶， 加 肉咬胶和本发明制备的咬胶分别喂食于宠物狗， 喂食结果如表 1 所示。 如 表 1 可见本发明制得的咬胶耐咬、 耐嚼， 深得宠物狗的喜爱。 此外宠物在 食用咬胶的同时， 还摄入了钙质。
表 1. 三种咬胶喂食结果
Figure imgf000011_0001
本发明不仅限于上述几项实施例所描述的人造咬胶皮， 或由人造咬胶 皮制得的咬胶， 只要釆用了包含皮料磨制得到的皮料粉和 /或皮料湿态带水 最后应说明的是： 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案， 而非对 其限制； 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明， 本领域的普通 技术人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修 改， 或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或者替换， 并不 使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims

权利 要 求
1、 一种人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 原料包括：
皮料磨制得到的皮料粉和水，
或皮料湿态带水磨制得到的皮料浆，
或所述皮料粉和所述皮料浆。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 所述皮料粉制备步 骤包括： 将皮料清洗脱碱至中性， 然后晒干、 粉碎成硬币大小， 再磨制成 絮粉状。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 所述皮料浆制备步 骤包括： 将皮料清洗脱碱至中性， 再磨制成皮浆， 所述皮浆中固体颗粒的 大小为 0.1-3.5mm。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 所述皮料 为： 牲畜皮脱毛后制革前的全皮、 头层皮、 二层皮、 三层皮和边角料中的 一种或几种， 所述边角料为牲畜皮脱毛后经修边割下的灰皮。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 所述皮料粉与皮料 浆的质量比为 3 ~ 8: 2 ~ 7。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 所述原料还包括： 禽畜骨粉、 禽畜肉粉、 禽畜肉酱、 淀粉、 蛋白粉、 甘油、 调味剂、 食用色 素和微量元素中的一种或多种。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 所述甘油的添加量 为咬胶总重量的 1-10 %。
8、 根据权利要求 6 所述人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 所述禽畜肉粉和 / 或禽畜肉酱的添加量为咬胶总重量的 5-95 %。
9、 根据权利要求 6所述人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 所述淀粉添加量为 咬胶总重量的 5 ~ 40%。
10、 根据权利要求 6所述人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 所述皮料粉和禽 畜骨粉的质量比为 2 ~ 9: 1 ~ 8。
11、 根据权利要求 6或 10所述人造咬胶皮， 其特征在于， 所述禽畜骨 粉为禽畜骨架烘干、 烟薰、 磨制而成。
12、权利要求 1-11任意一项所述人造咬胶皮的制备方法，其特征在于， 包括如下步骤： 将所述原料混合、 成型， 所述成型釆用挤出机挤出成型、 饼干机成型、 模具压制成型或手工编制。
13、 一种带馅咬胶， 其特征在于， 包括内馅和包覆在内馅外侧的外皮， 所述内馅釆用权利要求 1-11任意一项所述人造咬胶皮， 所述外皮为牛皮咬 胶或猪皮咬胶。
14、 一种多层咬胶， 其特征在于， 包括涂覆有至少一层权利要求 1-11 任意一项所述人造咬胶皮的牛皮咬胶或猪皮咬胶。
15、 一种嵌入式咬胶， 其特征在于， 包括嵌入有可食镶嵌物的本体， 所述本体为权利要求 1-11任意一项所述人造咬胶皮。
PCT/CN2011/000433 2011-03-01 2011-03-16 人造咬胶皮、其制备方法及用途 Ceased WO2012116472A1 (zh)

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