WO2012126274A2 - 一种去除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种去除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012126274A2
WO2012126274A2 PCT/CN2012/000325 CN2012000325W WO2012126274A2 WO 2012126274 A2 WO2012126274 A2 WO 2012126274A2 CN 2012000325 W CN2012000325 W CN 2012000325W WO 2012126274 A2 WO2012126274 A2 WO 2012126274A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace body
aluminum melt
mixing chamber
aluminum
crucible
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2012/000325
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2012126274A3 (zh
Inventor
曾建民
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Guangxi University
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Guangxi University
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Priority to US14/006,303 priority Critical patent/US9284622B2/en
Priority to EP12761033.5A priority patent/EP2677045B1/en
Publication of WO2012126274A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012126274A2/zh
Publication of WO2012126274A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012126274A3/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
    • C22B21/062—Obtaining aluminium refining using salt or fluxing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B19/00—Combinations of different kinds of furnaces that are not all covered by any single one of main groups F27B1/00 - F27B17/00
    • F27B19/02—Combinations of different kinds of furnaces that are not all covered by any single one of main groups F27B1/00 - F27B17/00 combined in one structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D27/00—Stirring devices for molten material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0068—Containers
    • F27D2005/0075—Pots, e.g. slag pots, ladles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for removing inclusions in an aluminum melt, and belongs to the field of casting.
  • Methods for removing inclusions in aluminum and its alloys include a floatation method, a flux method, a filtration method, and the like.
  • the principle of impurity removal is to use various adsorption media that adsorb the inclusions, such as inert or reactive gases, liquids, chloride salts, filter media, etc., so that the melt is in full contact with the adsorption medium, inclusions and adsorption in the melt.
  • the medium undergoes physical or chemical or mechanical action and is transferred to the adsorption medium for the purpose of removing inclusions.
  • the most common method for flux removal is to spread the flux on the surface of the aluminum melt to adsorb the inclusions in the molten aluminum; or to use agitation to strengthen the contact between the flux and the aluminum melt to make the aluminum melt
  • the inclusions are better adsorbed by the flux.
  • This method has a longer processing time and a poorer effect of removing impurities, and the stirring process is easy to be trapped in the air to generate secondary oxidation inclusions.
  • people have explored the use of new methods and purification devices. The relevant literature is now excerpted as follows:
  • a graphite purifier for aluminum melt removal comprises: a purifier rotor, the purifier rotor is a gear type; a purifier rotor rod, the rotor rod is fixedly connected with the one end purifier rotor; a purifier is connected outside the chuck, and the purifier is externally connected with the chuck
  • the bottom is integrated with the upper part of the purifier rotor rod, and the upper part is coupled with the external rotary power mechanism; a vent hole respectively axially extending through the purifier rotor, the purifier rotor rod, and the purifier outer connecting chuck, characterized in that the rotor is
  • the outer side of the upper middle portion of the rod is further: "a composite tubular jacket layer, the composite tubular sleeve is tightly attached to the outer surface of the rotor rod; a graphite tubular reinforcing sleeve, the graphite is fastened in a strong sheath
  • Cide CN01139250. 9 a device for filtering and purifying non-metallic inclusions in aluminum melt.
  • Mainly include: resistance furnace, crucible stirrer, thermal insulation cover, steel drum and height adjustable lifting device. Firstly, the steel drum is placed outside the crucible, then placed in the electric resistance furnace, fixed with refractory material, and the thermal insulation cover is fixed by the screw. The electric resistance furnace is connected, and the height adjustable lifting device is inserted from the insertion opening of the thermal insulation cover.
  • the electric resistance furnace mainly comprises: a heating element and a heat preservation furnace shell, and the heating element is arranged inside the furnace of the electric resistance furnace, and the furnace of the electric resistance furnace and the furnace of the electric resistance furnace Stuffed with ceramic wool.
  • the working principle is as follows: First, a flux and an aluminum ingot are placed in each of the two crucibles, and a covering agent is placed in the crucible containing the aluminum ingot. Next, the furnace power is turned on. When both the flux and the aluminum ingot are melted, the agitator is placed in the molten flux, and the aluminum melt is loaded with a spoon and poured into the flow passage into the rotary molten flux in batches. Finally, wait until the aluminum melt has been transferred, and then remove the stirrer.
  • the active flux and the aluminum ingot are separately placed into two graphite crucibles in the furnace, and the flux is placed in the graphite crucible containing the aluminum ingot (the composition is the same as the active flux for filtration).
  • the stirrer is placed in a flux graphite crucible, and then the aluminum melt is poured into a rotating, cultivating medium. Since the liquid level of the flux increases as the aluminum melt is added during the agitation of the filtered aluminum melt. Therefore, there is a bracket that adjusts the height of the agitator so that the impeller of the agitator is always in the flux layer.
  • the active agent is placed in the aluminum melt graphite crucible which has been transferred, and after the flux is melted, the agitator is placed from the agitator inlet into the graphite crucible containing the flux. Then, the aluminum body is poured into the rotating flux.
  • Each filtration repeats the above operation.
  • the inclusions in the aluminum melt are continuously distributed on the surface of the aluminum droplets, and the aluminum droplets redistribute the inclusions in the aluminum droplets in the rotating flux. Also, the inclusions in the aluminum drop have a chance to be distributed on the surface of the aluminum drop.
  • the inclusions on the surface of the aluminum droplet can pass through the aluminum film-flux interface and enter the flux layer, and the aluminum melt can be purified by the flux.
  • the number of filtrations is 3 ⁇ 4 to 4 times, the impurity removal efficiency reaches 84%, and the removal can be effectively removed.
  • the inclusions above the micron, so the agitated flux filtered aluminum melt kinetically improves the flux removal effect.
  • Non-sodium flux and method for treating molten aluminum alloy by using the same provides a non-sodium flux which prevents the adhesion and deposition of unreacted flux when the flux is injected into the rotary degasser, thereby ensuring a high slag removal effect, and a non-sodium flux for treating the molten aluminum alloy and treating it with the same A method of melting an aluminum alloy.
  • the method includes: maintaining a state in which the rotary rotor is immersed in the molten aluminum alloy; injecting an inert gas and a flux from the nozzle into the molten metal, and rotating the rotor at a speed of 200 to 450 rpm to cause inclusions in the molten metal, etc. It floats up to the surface of the molten metal together with the fine bubbles and the flux to achieve degassing and slag removal.
  • the equipment is complicated, the high-purity inert gas consumption is large, and the stirring rotor is expensive to manufacture, and the impeller is immersed in the aluminum melt for a long time and rubbed with the aluminum melt. , easy to produce wear and tear off the material.
  • the present invention is implemented as follows:
  • the utility model relates to a device for removing inclusions in an aluminum melt, characterized in that: the device comprises an upper furnace body, a lower furnace body, a middle partition plate, a crucible, a heating element and a feeding port, and the middle partition plate is installed in the upper furnace body and the lower furnace Between the bodies, there is an upper furnace body, a mixing chamber and a heating element above the middle partition plate, and the crucible is installed in the lower furnace body, and a heating element is arranged around the lower furnace body, and the lower furnace body is provided with a feeding port and a pipe, and the upper furnace body is provided with a feed.
  • the gas valve and the exhaust valve are connected between the mixing chamber and the crucible by a jet tube passing through the intermediate partition, and the mixing chamber and the jet tube are sealed with a ceramic gasket.
  • the method for removing inclusions in the aluminum melt of the invention comprises placing the raw material aluminum and the flux in the crucible, heating the heating element of the lower furnace, and melting the raw material aluminum and the solvent, and the flux covers the surface of the aluminum melt to avoid the aluminum melt. It reacts with water vapor and forms a hydrogen gas pore after solidification.
  • the aluminum melt temperature is 700 ° C - 72 CTC, install the middle partition, the jet tube, the ceramic gasket, the mixing chamber and the upper furnace body, and the quick opening clamp clamps the upper furnace body, the lower furnace body and the middle partition plate.
  • the upper heating element works, the temperature of the mixing chamber reaches 700 °C, the intake valve and the exhaust valve are opened, the inert gas is filled into the furnace body, the air in the upper furnace body is removed, and the aluminum melt entering the mixing chamber is prevented. Air contact oxidation.
  • the snoring control valve is added to the compressed air in the air source to gradually increase the pressure of the lower furnace body. The pressure of the lower furnace body changes according to the curve shown in Fig. 2.
  • the aluminum melt Under the action of pressure, the aluminum melt first edge located in the crucible
  • the jet tube smoothly enters the mixing chamber, and the liquid flux then enters the mixing chamber in a jet manner to uniformly mix with the aluminum melt, so that the inclusions in the aluminum melt are transferred to the liquid flux, and the liquid flux level in the crucible is lowered to the inlet of the jet tube.
  • the jet mixing is completed, the regulating valve is closed, the adjusting valve is opened, the lower furnace body is connected to the atmosphere, and the aluminum melt and the liquid flux in the mixing chamber are returned to the crucible along the jet tube under the action of gravity, and the liquid flux re-floats.
  • the aluminum melt complete a working cycle. • Repeat the above operation several times as shown in Figure 2 until the desired impurity removal effect is achieved.
  • Another method for removing inclusions in the aluminum melt is to first install the intermediate partition, the jet tube, the ceramic gasket and the mixing chamber, install the furnace body, and use the quick opening clamp to press the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body.
  • the middle partition plate is clamped and sealed, the heating element of the lower furnace body is heated to work, and then the feeding port is opened, and the aluminum melt and the liquid flux melted by the other melting furnace are injected into the crucible through the feeding port of the lower furnace body, when the aluminum melt temperature For 70 (TC-720 , the upper furnace heating element works, so that the temperature of the mixing chamber reaches 70 (TC, open the intake valve and the exhaust valve, fill the furnace from the inlet to the inert gas, and drive away from the exhaust)
  • the air in the upper furnace body prevents the aluminum melt entering the mixing chamber from being in contact with the air, and opens the regulating valve to the compressed air or inert gas in the air source of the furnace, and gradually increases the pressure of the lower furnace body.
  • the pressure changes according to the curve of Fig. 2.
  • the aluminum melt located in the crucible first flows smoothly into the mixing chamber along the jet tube, and then the liquid flux enters the mixing chamber from the jet tube in a jet manner, and the melt is both Mixing, transferring the inclusions in the aluminum melt to the liquid flux.
  • the regulating valve is closed, the regulating valve is opened, and the lower furnace body is connected to the atmosphere.
  • the aluminum melt and the liquid flux in the mixing chamber are returned to the crucible under the action of gravity along the jet tube, and the liquid flux re-floats over the aluminum melt to complete a working cycle, and the above operation is repeated several times until the predetermined division is reached. Miscellaneous effects.
  • the raw material aluminum described above includes aluminum alloy and aluminum-based alloy composite materials.
  • the flux described above including a mixture of three or four of NaCl, KC1, NaF and N A1F 6 , by mass
  • the ratio is calculated, and the melting point of the mixture does not exceed 700 ° C.
  • the inert gas described above includes argon or nitrogen.
  • the mixing chamber described above is a cylindrical body or a polygonal cylinder, and the bottom of the mixing chamber is a circular arc or a flat bottom, and is provided with a hole.
  • the mixing and cleaning mode of the mixing chamber of the circular cylinder and the circular arc bottom structure is the best.
  • the flux is not transported by inert gas, avoiding the phenomenon that the aluminum melt absorbs hydrogen due to the high water content of the gas, saving high-purity inert gas, and the process cost is low.
  • the equipment is simple, the purified aluminum melt can be directly subjected to low pressure casting, no subcontracting.
  • the process is easy to operate, reduce labor intensity, and easy to achieve automatic control.
  • m 1 is a schematic structural view of the method for removing inclusions in the aluminum melt of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a process diagram in the embodiment.
  • Figure 3 is a photograph of the metallographic structure of the A357 aluminum alloy before it is removed.
  • Figure 4 is a photograph of the metallographic structure of the A357 aluminum alloy after removal.
  • Figure 5 is a photograph of the metallographic structure of the 6063 aluminum alloy before it is removed.
  • Figure 6 is a photograph of the metallographic structure of the 6063 aluminum alloy after removal.
  • Figure 1 identifies: 1-lower furnace, 2-heating element, 3- ⁇ , 4-aluminum melt, 5-flux, 6-jet tube, 7-feed port, 8-medium partition, 9-open Jig, 10-upper, 11-intake, 12-exhaust valve, 13-mixing chamber, 14-heating element, 15-ceramic seal, 16-seal, 17-regulator, 18-gas Source, 19-pipe, 20-regulating valve.
  • the middle body of the furnace body is divided into a lower furnace body 1 and an upper furnace body 10 by a freely disassemblable intermediate partition plate 8.
  • the lower furnace body 1 and the upper furnace body 10 are respectively provided with a crucible 3 and a mixing chamber 13, respectively, 3 Inductive heating elements 14 and 2 are arranged around the mixing chamber 13, and a jet tube 6 made of silicon carbide material is connected between the crucible 3 and the mixing chamber 13, and the high temperature ceramic seal is sealed between the mixing chamber 13 and the intermediate partition 8.
  • the gasket 15 is sealed, and there is a sealing ring 16 between the upper and lower furnace bodies 10 and 1 and the middle partition plate 8.
  • the quick opening fixture 9 clamps and seals the upper furnace body 10, the lower furnace body 1 and the middle partition plate 8 to the upper furnace.
  • the top of the body 10 is provided with an intake valve 11 and an exhaust valve 12, and the middle partition (8) of the lower furnace body 1 is provided with a pipe 19, one end of the pipe 19 is communicated with the inside of the lower furnace body 1, and the other end is connected to the gas.
  • the regulating valve 17 of 18 is connected to a regulating valve 20 that is open to the atmosphere.
  • the raw material aluminum is: A357 alloy, the composition and mass ratio are: Si: 7. 06%, Mg: 0. 48%, Ti: 0. 14%, Be: 0. 06%.
  • the aluminum alloy is 30% new and 70% recycled.
  • the new material consists of pure aluminum, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, pure magnesium, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and aluminum-bismuth intermediate alloy.
  • the recycled material includes gates and risers as well as machined chips.
  • composition and mass ratio of the flux are: NaCl: 40%, KC1: 30%, NaF: 10% and N a3 AlF 6 : 20%.
  • the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy charge to the solvent is 2:1.
  • the raw material aluminum is placed in the crucible 3, and the feeding sequence is sequentially input according to the 1/2 remelting material, the aluminum silicon intermediate alloy, the pure aluminum, the aluminum titanium intermediate alloy and the aluminum crucible intermediate alloy and the 1/2 refilled material, and the flux 5 is spread in the order.
  • the surface of the aluminum charge is heated by the heating element 2 of the lower furnace, and the raw material aluminum and the flux 5 are melted, and the liquid flux 5 is covered on the molten aluminum melt 4 to prevent the aluminum melt 4 from reacting with water vapor to form a hydrogen gas hole after solidification. .
  • the temperature of the aluminum melt 4 was 710 ° C, pure magnesium was pressed in with a bell jar.
  • the jet tube 6, the ceramic gasket 15, the mixing chamber 13 and the upper furnace body 10, the upper furnace body 10, the lower furnace body 1 and the intermediate partition plate 8 are clamped and sealed by the quick opening clamp 9
  • the furnace heating element 14 is operated to bring the temperature of the mixing chamber 13 to 700 ° C, the intake valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are opened, and the inert gas nitrogen is filled into the furnace body 10 by the intake valve 11, and is discharged from the exhaust valve 11.
  • the air in the furnace body 10 prevents the aluminum melt 4 entering the mixing chamber 13 from being oxidized in contact with the air.
  • the aluminum melt 4 first flows smoothly into the mixing chamber 13 along the jet tube 6, and then the liquid flux 5 enters the mixing chamber 13 from the jet tube 6 in a jet manner and is uniformly mixed with the aluminum melt 4, so that the inclusions in the aluminum melt 4 are in a liquid state.
  • the flux 5 is transferred.
  • the furnace body 10 and the mixing chamber 13 are used to remove the liquid flux 5 floating on the aluminum melt 4 in the jet tube 6 by means of a tool, and the casting can be carried out according to a conventional low pressure casting or differential pressure casting or other anti-gravity casting process.
  • the comparison of the metallographic structure of A357 aluminum alloy before and after impurity removal is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, respectively.
  • the furnace body is divided into a lower furnace body 1 and an upper furnace body 10 by a freely disassembled intermediate partition plate 8.
  • the lower furnace body 1 and the upper furnace body 10 are respectively provided with a crucible 3 and a cylindrical body and an arc.
  • the mixing chamber 13 of the bottom structure is provided with electric heating elements 14 and 2 around the upper, middle 13 and 3, and the jet tube 6 made of graphite material is connected between the crucible 3 and the mixing chamber 13, the mixing chamber 13 and the middle partition 8 is sealed by a high temperature resistant ceramic gasket 15, and there is a sealing ring 16 between the upper and lower furnace bodies 10 and 1 and the middle partition 8, and the quick opening fixture 9 connects the upper furnace body 10, the lower furnace body 1 and the middle partition.
  • the plate 8 is clamped and sealed, and the top of the upper furnace body 10 is provided with an intake valve 11 and an exhaust wall 12, and the furnace wall of the lower furnace body 1 is provided with a pipe 19, one end of the pipe 19 is communicated with the inside of the lower furnace body 1, and the other end is
  • the adjustment width 17 of the connection gas source 18 is connected to the regulator valve 20 which is open to the atmosphere.
  • the raw material aluminum is: 6063 aluminum alloy recycled material, which consists of the residual material cut by the extruded profile and the processed scrap.
  • the ratio of flux 5 is calculated by mass: NaCl: 37%, KC1: 33%, NaF: 10% and Na 3 AlF 6 : 20%.
  • the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy charge to the solvent is 2. 5:1.
  • the raw material aluminum is placed in the crucible 3, and the heating element 2 of the lower furnace is heated to work.
  • the flux 5 is spread on the surface of the aluminum melt 4, and the flux 5 is melted during the continuous melting of the furnace material.
  • the liquid, liquid flux 5 is applied over the molten aluminum melt 4 to prevent the aluminum melt 4 from reacting with water vapor to form a hydrogen gas hole after solidification.
  • the intermediate partition 8 , the jet tube 6 , the ceramic gasket 15 , the mixing chamber 13 and the upper furnace body 10 are mounted, and the heating element 14 of the upper furnace body 10 is operated to make the mixing chamber 13
  • the intake valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are opened, and the inert gas argon is filled into the furnace body 10 by the intake valve 11, and the air in the upper furnace body 10 is removed to prevent the aluminum melt from entering the mixing chamber 13. 4 Contact with air to oxidize.
  • the regulating valve 17 is opened, and the compressed air which is dried in the gas source 18 is input to the furnace body 1, and the pressure of the lower furnace body 1 is gradually increased.
  • the pressure of the lower furnace body 1 is changed according to the curve of FIG. 2, and under the action of pressure, it is located at the crucible 3
  • the inner aluminum melt 4 first enters the mixing chamber 13 along the jet tube 6, and the liquid flux 5 then flows from the jet tube 6 into the mixing chamber 13 and uniformly mixes with the aluminum melt 4, so that the inclusions in the aluminum melt are in a liquid state.
  • the flux 5 is transferred.
  • the regulating valve 17 is closed, the regulating valve 20 is opened, the lower furnace body 1 is connected to the atmosphere, and the aluminum melting in the mixing chamber 13 is performed.
  • the body 4 and the liquid flux 5 are returned to the crucible 3 along the jet tube 6 by gravity, and the liquid flux 5 re-floats over the aluminum melt 4 to complete a working cycle. Repeat the above operation 3 times to achieve the desired decontamination effect.
  • the comparison of the metallographic structure of the aluminum melt 4 before and after the impurity removal is shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, respectively.
  • a switchable feed port is provided on the furnace wall of the lower furnace body 1, and the raw material aluminum is used: the residual material and the processing by the extruded profile
  • the heating elements 14 and 2 of 10 and 1 operate such that the temperature of the crucible reaches 720 ° C, the temperature of the mixing chamber 12 reaches 700 ° C, and then the feed port 7 is opened, and the aluminum melt 4 and the flux 5 are passed through the lower furnace body 1.
  • the feed port 7 is injected into the crucible 2, and the flux floats above the aluminum melt.
  • the intake valve 11 and the exhaust valve 12 are opened, and the inert gas argon is filled into the furnace body 10 by the intake valve 11, and the air in the upper furnace body 10 is removed to prevent the aluminum melt 4 entering the mixing chamber 13 from being in contact with the air. .
  • the regulating valve 17 is opened and the compressed air which is dried in the gas source 18 is input to the furnace body 1, and the pressure of the lower furnace body 1 is gradually increased.
  • the pressure of the lower furnace body 1 changes according to the curve of FIG. 2, and under the action of pressure, it is located at the crucible 3
  • the inner aluminum melt 4 first enters the mixing chamber 13 along the jet tube 6, and the liquid flux 5 then flows from the jet tube 6 into the mixing chamber 13 and uniformly mixes with the aluminum melt 4, so that the inclusions in the aluminum melt are in a liquid state.
  • the flux 5 is transferred.
  • the regulating valve 17 When the liquid level of the liquid flux 5 in the disaster 3 is lowered to the entrance of the jet tube 6, the regulating valve 17 is closed, the regulating valve 20 is opened, and the lower furnace body 1 is connected to the atmosphere, and the chamber 13 is mixed.
  • the aluminum melt 4 and the liquid flux 5 are returned to the crucible 3 along the jet tube 6 by gravity, and the liquid flux 5 is re-floated above the aluminum melt 4 to complete a working cycle. Repeat the above operation 3 times. Achieve the desired decontamination effect.

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Description

说 明 书 一种去除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种去除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置和方法， 属于铸造领域。
背景技术
在冶金、 熔炼和铸造过程中， 铝及其合金中不可避免的存在着一些有害的夹杂物， 这些 夹杂物使基体组织不连续，成为结构件内部的裂紋源， 降低合金的强度、 塑性和冲击性能， 同 时也会成为材料化学腐蚀或电化学腐蚀的根源。 另一方面， 夹杂物对有害元素氢有强烈的吸 附作用， 是导致材料针孔、 疏松的重要因素。 铝中氧化夹杂的产生是由于铝熔^∑在与外部环 境接触的界面上发生物理或化学变化， 或在浇注和转移过程中因液面搅动而卷入气体产生的 氧化夹杂等。 清除铝及其合金中的夹杂物的方法有浮游法、 熔剂法， 过滤法等。 其除杂原理 是使用各种对夹杂物有吸附作用的吸附介质， 如惰性或活性气体， 液体， 氯盐， 过滤介质等， 让熔体与吸附介质充分接触， 熔体中的夹杂物与吸附介质发生物理或化学或机械的作用， 向 吸附介质转移， 达到清除夹杂物的目的。 熔剂除杂最常用的做法是将熔剂铺展在铝熔体的液 面上， 对熔铝中的夹杂物进行吸附； 或者采用搅拌的方法， 强化熔剂和铝熔体的接触， 使熔 铝中的夹杂物更好地被熔剂吸附。 这种方法处理时间较长， 除杂效果较差， 而且搅拌过程容 易卷入空气产生二次氧化夹杂物。 为了提高熔剂除杂的效果， 人们探索采用新的方法和净化 装置， 现将有关文献摘录如下：
Flux Practice in Aluminum Melting, AFS Transactions, 1992， V0I88, P. 737- P. 742。 该文公开了一种熔剂注入法 (FLUX INJECTION) , 该方法为了克服传统的熔剂法中熔剂与铝熔 体中夹杂物接触不充分的缺点， 利用惰性气体氮气或氩气作为载流气体， 将粉末状或颗粒状 的熔剂注入到铝熔体内部， 熔剂进入到铝熔体内部后熔化为细小的液滴， 在上浮过程中增加 了和铝熔体接触的面积， 能够提髙铝熔体净化效果。
'中国专利 CN98205426. 2, —种用于铝熔液除杂的石墨净化器。 其结构包括： 一净化器转 子， 该净化器转子为齿轮型； 一净化器转子杆， 该转子杆与一端净化器转子相固接； 一净化 器外连接卡头， 该净化器外连接卡头底部与净化器转子杆上部联为一体， 上部与外部旋转动 力机构联接； 一通气孔， 该通气孔分别轴向贯穿净化器转子、 净化器转子杆、 净化器外连接 卡头， 其特征在于在转子杆的中上部的外侧还 ^"： 一复合材料管型夹套层， 该复合管型套夹 层紧因在转子杆外表面； 一石墨管型加强套层， 该石墨如强套层紧固在复合材料管型夹套层 的外表面上。 中国专利 CN01139250. 9， 过滤净化铝熔体中非金属夹杂物的装置。 主要包括： 电阻炉、 坩埚 搅拌器、 保温盖、 钢桶和高度可调的升降装置， 首先将钢桶套在坩埚外面， 然后设置 在电阻炉内， 用耐火材料固定， 用螺杆把保温盖与电阻炉连接起来， 高度可调的升降装置从 保温盖的插入口置入， 电阻炉主要包括： 加热元件、 保温炉壳， 加热元件设置在电阻炉炉膛 内侧， 在电阻炉炉膛与保温炉壳之间用陶瓷棉填塞。 工作原理为： 首先在两个坩埚内分别放 入熔剂和铝锭， 并在装有铝锭的坩埚内放入覆盖剂。 其次接通加热炉电源， 当熔剂和铝锭都 融化后， 再把搅拌器放入熔融熔剂中， 用勺把铝熔体装起， 分批量倒入流道进入旋转熔融熔 剂中。 最后等到铝熔体转移完了， 再将搅拌器取出。 装置具体工作时先将活性熔剂和铝锭分 别放入炉内两个石墨坩埚，在装有铝锭的石墨坩埚内还要放覆盖熔剂 (成分与过滤用的活性熔 剂一样）。 当熔剂和铝锭都融化后， 将搅拌器放入熔剂石墨坩埚内， 然后再将铝熔体浇入到旋 转的,培剂中。 由于在搅拌过滤铝熔体过程中， 熔剂的液面会随着铝熔体加入而升高。 因此， 有调节搅拌器高度的支架， 使搅拌器的叶轮始终处于熔剂层中。 当铝熔体全部转移到熔剂坩 埚后， 再将活性剂放入己被转移掉的铝熔体石墨坩埚， 等到熔剂融化后， 又把搅拌器从搅拌 器入口放入装有熔剂的石墨坩埚中， 然后再将铝瑢体浇入旋转的熔剂中。 每一次过滤都是重 复上面的操作， 通过反复净化能够使铝熔体中夹杂物不断地分布到铝滴表面上， 同时铝滴在 旋转的熔剂中也会重新分布铝滴内的夹杂物， 从而也使铝滴中的夹杂物也有机会分布到铝滴 表面上。这样铝滴表面上的夹杂物能够穿过铝膜-熔剂界面而进入熔剂层中， 用熔剂净化铝熔 体， 当过滤次数 ¾到 4次时， 除杂效率达到 84%， 可以有效地除去 7微米以上的夹杂物， 因 此搅拌熔剂过滤铝熔体从动力学上改善熔剂除杂的效果。
中国专利 CN200680004257. 8， 非钠系熔剂及利用其处理熔融铝合金的方法。 该专利提供 了一种用熔剂注入旋转脱气装置时防止未反应熔剂附着与沉积， 从而确保高脱渣效果的非钠 系熔剂， 以及一种处理熔融铝合金的非钠系熔剂及利用其处理熔融铝合金的方法。 包括： 维 持上述旋转转子浸渍在上述熔融铝合金中的状态； 从上述喷嘴向熔融金属中喷射惰性气体和 熔剂， 并以 200〜450转 /分的速度旋转转子， 使熔融金属中的夹杂物等与微细气泡和熔剂一 起上浮到熔融金属的表面， 实现脱气和脱渣。 但是无论是熔剂注入法还是转子结合熔剂注入 法， 其设备都较复杂， 高纯度惰性气体消耗量很大， 同时搅拌转子制造成本高， 叶轮长时间 浸泡在铝熔体中并与铝熔体摩擦， 容易产生材料的磨损和脱落。
发明内容
本发明的目的： 为了克服 Jl述装置和方法的缺点， 为铝的铸造除杂， 提供一种成本低濂， 除杂'效率高， 劳动强度小的去除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置和方法。
本发明是这样实现的： 一种去除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置， 其特征在于： 该装置包括上炉体、 下炉体、 中隔板、 坩埚、 加热元件和加料口， 中隔板安装在上炉体和下炉体之间， 中隔板上方有上炉体、 混合 室和加热元件， 坩埚安装在下炉体内， 下炉体周边设置有加热元件， 下炉体设有加料口和管 道， 上炉体设置有进气阀和排气阀， 混合室和坩埚之间用穿过中隔板的射流管相连接， 混合 室与射流管之间用陶瓷密封墊密封。
本发明去除铝熔体中夹杂物的方法， 是将原料铝和熔剂置于坩埚内， 下炉的加热元件工 作加热， 待原料铝和溶剂熔化， 熔剂覆盖在铝熔体表面， 避免铝熔体与水蒸气反应， 在凝固 后形'成氢气孔。 当铝熔体温度为 700°C- 72CTC时， 安装中隔板， 射流管， 陶瓷密封垫， 混合 室和上炉体， 快开卡具将上炉体、 下炉体和中隔板夹紧密封， 上炉加热元件工作， 使混合室 的温度达到 700°C， 打开进气阀和排气阀， 向上炉体内填充惰性气体， 驱除上炉体内的空气， 防止进入混合室的铝熔体与空气接触氧化。 打幵调节阀加入气源内干燥的压缩空气， 逐渐增 加下炉体的压力， 下炉体的压力按照图 2所示的曲线变化， 在压力的作用下， 位于坩埚内的 铝熔体先沿射流管平稳进入混合室，液态熔剂随后以射流方式进入混合室与铝熔体均匀混合， 使铝熔体中的夹杂物向液态熔剂转移，当坩埚内的液态熔剂液面降低到接近射流管入口处时， 射流混合完成， 关闭调节阀， 开启调节阔， 下炉体与大气接通， 混合室内的铝熔体和液态熔 剂在重力作用下沿着射流管回流到坩埚中， 液态熔剂重新浮于铝熔体上方， 完成一个工作循 环。 ·按照图 2所示重复执行上述操作若干次， 直至达到既定的除杂效果。
另一种去除铝熔体中夹杂物的方法， 是先安装好中隔板， 射流管， 陶瓷密封垫和混合室， 安装上炉体， 用快开卡具将上炉体、下炉体和中隔板夹紧密封， 下炉体的加热元件工作加热， 然后打开加料口，将用另外的熔炉熔化的铝熔体和液态熔剂通过下炉体的加料口注入坩埚内， 当铝熔体温度为 70(TC- 720Ό时， 上炉体加热元件工作， 使混合室的温度达到 70(TC， 打开进 气阀和排气阀， 从进气陶向上炉体内填充惰性气体， 从排气阔驱除上炉体内的空气， 防止进 入混合室的铝熔体与空气接触氧化， 打开调节阀向下炉体输入气源中干燥的压缩空气或惰性 气体， 逐渐增加下炉体的压力， 下炉体的压力按照图 2的曲线变化， 在压力的作用下， 位于 坩埚内的铝熔体首先沿射流管平稳流入混合室， 然后液态熔剂从射流管以射流方式进入混合 室与, 熔体均匀混合， 使铝熔体中的夹杂物向液态熔剂转移， 当坩埚内的液态熔剂 (5)液面降 低到接近射流管入口处时， 关闭调节阀， 开启调节阀， 下炉体与大气接通， 混合室内的铝熔 体和液态熔剂在重力作用下沿着射流管回流到坩埚中， 液态熔剂重新浮于铝熔体上方， 完成 一个工作循环， 重复执行上述操作若干次， 直至达到既定的除杂效果。
以上所述的原料铝， 包括铝合金和铝基合金复合材料。
以上所述的熔剂， 包括 NaCl、 KC1、 NaF和 N A1F6中的三种或四种成分的混合物， 按质 量计算配比， 其混合物熔点不超过 700°C温度。
以上所述的惰性气体， 包括氩气或氮气。
以上所述的混合室的为圆筒体或多边筒体， 混合室的底是圆弧或平底， 并设置有孔。 圆 筒体和圆弧底结构的混合室的混合除杂方式最佳。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于：
1、 利用限制射流效应进行液态熔剂和铝熔体的充分混合， 除杂效率高， 处理时间短。
2、熔剂不用惰性气体输送， 避免由于气体含水量过高造成的铝熔体吸收氢的现象， 节省 高纯度惰性气体， 工艺成本低。
3、 设备简单， 净化后的铝熔体可以直接进行低压铸造， 不用转包。
4、 工艺操作容易， 降低劳动强度， 易于实现自动化控制。
5、 工艺过程封闭， 无环境污染。
附图说明
m 1是本发明去除铝熔体中夹杂物的方法中一种结构示意图。
图 2是实施例中工艺曲线图。
图 3是 A357铝合金除杂前的金相组织照片。
图 4是 A357铝合金除杂后的金相组织照片。
图 5是 6063铝合金除杂前的金相组织照片。
图 6是 6063铝合金除杂后的金相组织照片。
图 1中标识： 1-下炉体， 2-加热元件， 3-坩埚， 4-铝熔体， 5-熔剂， 6-射流管， 7-加料 口， 8-中隔板， 9-快开卡具， 10-上炉体， 11-进气阔， 12-排气阀， 13-混合室， 14-加热元件， 15-陶瓷密封垫， 16-密封圈， 17-调节阀， 18-气源， 19-管道， 20-调节阀。
具体实施方法
以下通过附图和实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例 1 :
一、 去除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置的结构
炉体中间用能自由拆装的中隔板 8将炉体分为下炉体 1和上炉体 10， 下炉体 1和上炉体 10内分别设置有坩埚 3和混合室 13， 坩埚 3和混合室 13周围装有感应加热元件 14和 2， 坩 埚 3和混合室 13之间用碳化硅材料制成的射流管 6相连接， 混合室 13和中隔板 8之间用耐 高温陶瓷密封垫 15密封， 上、 下炉体 10和 1与中隔板 8之间有密封圈 16， 快开卡具 9将上 炉体 10、 下炉体 1和中隔板 8夹紧密封， 上炉体 10顶部设置有进气阀 11和排气阀 12, 下炉 体 1的中隔板 (8)炉壁设有管道 19， 管道 19的一端与下炉体 1内部相通， 另一端与连接气源 18的调节阀 17和与大气相通的调节阀 20连接。
二、 在 A357铸造合金净化的应用
1、 工艺条件：
原料铝为： A357合金， 成分及质量配比为: Si : 7. 06%, Mg : 0. 48%, Ti : 0. 14%, Be : 0. 06%。 铝合金按照新料 30%， 回炉料 70%配比。 新料由纯铝、 铝硅中间合金、 纯镁、 铝钛中间合金和 铝铍中间合金组成， 回炉料包括浇口和冒口以及机械加工后的切屑。
熔剂的成分及质量配比为: NaCl : 40%, KC1 : 30%, NaF: 10%和 Na3AlF6: 20%。 先将配 置好的熔剂 5放入不锈钢容器中， 在 300°C温度下干燥预热 4小时备用。
铝合金炉料和溶剂的质量比为 2: 1。
'2、 工艺操作：
将原料铝置于坩埚 3内， 加料顺序按照 1/2回炉料， 铝硅中间合金， 纯铝， 铝钛中间合 金和铝铍中间合金和 1/2回炉料依次投入， 将熔剂 5铺撒在铝炉料表面， 下炉的加热元件 2 工作加热， 将原料铝和熔剂 5熔化， 液态熔剂 5覆盖在熔化的铝熔体 4上， 避免铝熔体 4与 水蒸气反应， 在凝固后形成氢气孔。 当铝熔体 4温度为 710°C时， 用钟罩压入纯镁。 安装中 隔板 8， 射流管 6， 陶瓷密封垫 15， 混合室 13和上炉体 10, 用快开卡具 9将上炉体 10、 下 炉体 1和中隔板 8夹紧密封， 上炉加热元件 14工作， 使混合室 13的温度达到 700°C， 打开 进气阀 11和排气阀 12, 由进气阀 11向上炉体 10内填充惰性气体氮气， 从排气阀 11驱除上 炉体 10内的空气， 防止进入混合室 13的铝熔体 4与空气接触氧化。打开调节阀 17向下炉体 1输入气源 18的惰性气体， 逐渐增加下炉体 1的压力， 使下炉体 1的压力按照图 2的曲线变 化， 在压力的作用下， 位于坩埚 3内的铝熔体 4首先沿射流管 6平稳流入混合室 13， 然后液 态熔剂 5从射流管 6以射流方式进入混合室 13与铝熔体 4均匀混合，使铝熔体 4中的夹杂物 向液态熔剂 5转移， 当坩埚 3内的液态熔剂 5液面降低到接近射流管 6入口处时， 关闭调节 阀 17， 开启调节阀 20， 下炉体 1与大气接通， 混合室 13内的铝熔体 4和液态熔剂 5在重力 作用下沿着射流管 6回流到坩埚 3中， 液态熔剂 5重新浮于铝熔体 4上方， 完成一个工作循 环。 按照图 2所示重复执行上述操作 3次， 即可达到既定的除杂效果， 处理完毕后， 关闭调 节阀 20、 进气阀 11和排气阀 12， 打开快开卡具 9， 取掉上炉体 10和混合室 13， 用工具清除 浮在射流管 6内铝熔体 4上面的液态熔剂 5， 即可按照常规的低压铸造或者差压铸造或者其 他反重力铸造工艺进行铸型浇注。 A357铝合金除杂前后的金相组织对比照片分别如图 3和图 4所示。
实施例 2:
—、 除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置的结构 炉^中间用自由拆装的中隔板 8将炉体分为下炉体 1和上炉体 10，下炉体 1和上炉体 10 内分别设置有坩埚 3和采用圆筒体及圆弧底结构的混合室 13， 上、 坩埚 13和 3周围装有电 阻加热元件 14和 2， 坩埚 3和混合室 13之间用石墨材料制成的射流管 6相连接， 混合室 13 和中隔板 8之间用耐高温陶瓷密封垫 15密封， 上、 下炉体 10和 1与中隔板 8之间有密封圈 16， 快开卡具 9将上炉体 10、 下炉体 1和中隔板 8夹紧密封， 上炉体 10顶部设置有进气阀 11和排气阔 12， 下炉体 1的炉壁设有管道 19， 管道 19的一端与下炉体 1内部相通， 另一端 与连接气源 18的调节阔 17和与大气相通的调节阀 20连接。
二、 在 6063铝合金废料的除杂回收的应用
1、 工艺条件：
原料铝为： 6063铝合金的回收料， 由挤压型材切割的余料和加工后的碎屑组成。
熔剂 5的配比按质量计算为： NaCl : 37%, KC1 : 33%, NaF : 10%和 Na3AlF6 : 20%, 先将 配置好的熔剂 5放入不锈钢容器中， 在 300Ό温度下干燥预热 4小时备用。
铝合金炉料和溶剂的质量比为 2. 5: 1。
2、 工艺操作：
原料铝置于坩埚 3内， 下炉的加热元件 2工作加热， 待原料铝加热熔化成糊状时， 将 熔剂 5铺撒在铝熔体 4表面， 在炉料继续熔化过程中， 熔剂 5熔化为液体， 液态熔剂 5覆盖 在熔化的铝熔体 4上， 避免铝熔体 4与水蒸气反应， 在凝固后形成氢气孔。 当铝熔体 4温度 为 720°C时， 安装中隔板 8， 射流管 6， 陶瓷密封垫 15， 混合室 13和上炉体 10， 上炉体 10 的加热元件 14工作， 使混合室 13的温度达到 700Ό , 打开进气阀 11和排气阀 12， 由进气阀 11向上炉体 10内填充惰性气体氩气， 驱除上炉体 10内的空气， 防止进入混合室 13的铝熔 体 4与空气接触氧化。 打开调节阀 17向下炉体 1输入气源 18中干燥的压缩空气， 逐渐增加 下炉体 1的压力， 下炉体 1的压力按照图 2的曲线变化， 在压力的作用下， 位于坩埚 3内的 铝熔体 4先沿射流管 6平稳进入混合室 13， 液态熔剂 5随后从射流管 6以射流方式进入混合 室 13与铝熔体 4均匀混合， 使铝熔体中的夹杂物向液态熔剂 5转移， 当坩埚 3内的液态熔剂 5液¾降低到接近射流管 6入口处时， 关闭调节阀 17， 开启调节阀 20， 下炉体 1与大气接通， 混合室 13内的铝熔体 4和液态熔剂 5在重力作用下沿着射流管 6回流到坩埚 3中，液态熔剂 5重新浮于铝熔体 4上方， 完成一个工作循环。 重复执行上述操作 3次， 即可达到既定的除 杂净化效果。 铝熔体 4除杂前后的金相组织对比照片分别如图 5和图 6所示。
实施例 3:
按照实施例 2的去除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置的结构， 另在下炉体 1的炉壁上设置有能开 关的加料口，釆用原料铝为： 由挤压型材切割的余料和加工后的碎屑组成的 6063铝合金的回 收料， 熔剂 5的配比按质量计算为: NaCl : 50%, KC1 : 20%, NaF : 10% 和 Na3AlF6: 20%, 先 将配置好的熔剂 5， 按原料铝 4: 熔剂 5=2. 2 : 1 (重量百分数） 的配比， 用其他熔炉以常规方 法加热熔化铝熔体 4和液态熔剂 5备用， 同时将去除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置的上、 下炉体 10 和 1的加热元件 14和 2工作， 使坩埚的温度达到 720°C， 混合室 12的温度达到 700°C， 然后 打开加料口 7， 将铝熔体 4和熔剂 5通过下炉体 1的加料口 7注入到坩埚 2中， 熔剂浮在铝 熔体上面。 打开进气阀 11和排气阀 12， 由进气阀 11向上炉体 10内填充惰性气体氩气， 驱 除上炉体 10内的空气， 防止进入混合室 13的铝熔体 4与空气接触氧化。打开调节阀 17向下 炉体 1输入气源 18中干燥的压缩空气， 逐渐增加下炉体 1的压力， 下炉体 1的压力按照图 2 的曲线变化， 在压力的作用下， 位于坩埚 3内的铝熔体 4先沿射流管 6平稳进入混合室 13， 液态熔剂 5随后从射流管 6以射流方式进入混合室 13与铝熔体 4均匀混合，使铝熔体中的夹 杂物向液态熔剂 5转移， 当坩祸 3內的液态熔剂 5液面降低到接近射流管 6入口处时， 关闭 调节阀 17， 开启调节阀 20， 下炉体 1与大气接通， 混^ "室 13内的铝熔体 4和液态熔剂 5在 重力作用下沿着射流管 6回流到坩埚 3中， 液态熔剂 5重新浮于铝熔体 4上方， 完成一个工 作循环。 重复执行上述操作 3次， 即可达到既定的除杂净化效果。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、一种去賒铝熔体中夹杂物的装置，其特征在于： 该装置包括上炉体（10)、下炉体（1)、 中隔板 (8)、 坩埚（3)、 加热元件和加料口 （7)， 中隔板 （8) 安装在上炉体 （10)和下炉体
(1)之间， 中隔板 （8) 上方有上炉体 （10)、 混合室 （13) 和加热元件（14)， 坩祸 （3) 安 装在下炉体 （1) 内， 下炉体 （1) 周边设置有加热元件 （2)， 下炉体 （1) 设有加料口 （7) 和管道 (19), 上炉体 (10) 设置有进气阀 (11) 和排气阀（12)， 混合室 (13) 和坩埚 (3) 之间用穿过中隔板 （8) 的射流管 （6)相连接， 混合室 （13) 与射流管 （6)之间用陶瓷密封 垫 （15) 密封。
2、 一种利用权利要求 1所述的装置去除铝熔体中夹杂物的方法， 其特征在于： 先将原料 铝和熔剂置于坩埚 （3) 内， 下炉体（1) 的加热元件 (2)工作加热， 将原料铝和熔剂熔化， 液 态熔剂 （5)覆盖在铝熔体 (4)上面， 当铝熔体 (4)温度为 70(rC-72(TC时， 安装中隔板 (8)， 射流管 (6)， 陶瓷密封垫（15)， 混合室 (13)和上炉体 (10)， 用快开卡具 (9)将上炉体 (10)、 下 炉体 (1)和中隔板 (8)夹紧密封， 上炉体 （10) 的加热元件（14)工作， 使混合室（13)的温度达 到 7Qp°C， 打开进气阀 （11) 和排气阀 （12)， 从进气阀 （11) 向上炉体 （10) 内填充惰性气 体， 从排气阀 (12)驱除上炉体（10)内的空气， 防止进入混合室（13) 的铝熔体 (4)与空气接触 氧化， 打开调节阀（17)向下炉体 (1)输入气源（18) 中干燥的压缩空气或惰性气体， 逐渐增加 下炉体 （1) 的压力， 在压力的作用下， 位于坩祸 (3) 内的铝熔体（4) 首先沿射流管平稳流 入混合室（13)， 然后液态熔剂 （5)从射流管（6) 以射流方式进入混合室（13) 与铝熔体均 匀混合， 使铝熔体中的夹杂物向液态熔剂 (5)转移， 当坩埚 (3)内的液态熔剂 (5)液面降低到接 近射流管 (6)入口处时， 关闭调节阀（17)， 开启调节阀（20)， 下炉体（1)与大气接通， 混合室 (13)内的铝熔体 (4)和液态熔剂 (5)在重力作用下沿着射流管 (6)回流到坩埚 (3)中， 液态熔剂
(5) 重新浮于铝熔体 （4) 上方， 完成一个工作循环， 重复执行上述操作若干次， 直至达到 既定的除杂效果。
'3、 一种利用权利要求 1所述的装置去除铝熔体中夹杂物的方法， 其特征在于： 在安装好 中隔板 (8)， 射流管 (6)， 陶瓷密封垫（15)和混合室（13)， 安装上炉体（10)， 用快开卡具 (9) 将上炉体 (10)、 下炉体（1)和中隔板 (8)夹紧密封， 下炉体 （1) 的加热元件 (2)工作加热， 打 开加料口 （7)， 将用另外的熔炉熔化的铝熔体（4)和液态熔剂 (5)通过下炉体（1) 的加料口 (7) 注入坩埚 （3) 内， 当待铝熔体 (4)温度为 700°C- 720Ό时， 上炉体加热元件（14)工作， 使混合室（13)的温度达到 700°C， 打开进气阀 （11) 和排气阀 （12)， 从进气阀 （11) 向上炉 体 （10) 内填充惰性气体， 从排气阀（12)驱除上炉体（10)内的空气， 防止进入混合室 （13) 的铝熔体与空气接触氧化， 打开调节阀（17)向下炉体（1)输入气源（18) 中干燥的压缩空气或 惰性气体， 逐渐增加下炉体 （1 ) 的压力， 在压力的作用下， 位于坩埚 （3) 内的铝熔体 （4) 首先沿射流管平稳流入混合室（13)， 然后液态熔剂（5 )从射流管 (6) 以射流方式进入混合 室 （13 ) 与铝熔体均匀混合， 使铝熔体中的夹杂物向液态熔剂 (5)转移， 当坩埚 (3)内的液态 熔剂 (5)液面降低到接近射流管 (6)入口处时， 关闭调节阀（17)， 开启调节阔 (20)， 下炉体（1) 与大气接通，混合室 (13)内的铝熔体 (4)和液态熔剂 (5)在重力作用下沿着射流管 (6)回流到坩 埚
(3)中， 液态熔剂 （5 )重新浮于铝熔体（4)上方， 完成一个工作循环， 重复执行上述操作 若干次， 直至达到既定的除杂效果。
4、根据权利要求 2或 3所述的一种去除铝熔体中夹杂物的方法， 其特征在于： 所述的原 料铝， 包括铝合金和铝基合金复合材料。
5、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的一种去除铝熔体中夹杂物的方法， 其特征在于： 所述的熔 剂 （5 )， 包括 NaCl、 KC1、 NaF和 N¾A1F6中的三种或四种成分的混合物， 其混合物熔点不超 过 700°C温度。
6、根据权利要求 1所述的去除铝熔体中夹杂物的装置， 其特征在于： 以上所述的混合室 ( 13) 为圆筒体或多边筒体， 混合室 （13) 的底是圆弧或平底， 并设置有孔。
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