WO2012134348A1 - Термоэлектрический кластер, способ его работы, устройство соединения в нем активного элемента с теплоэлектропроводом, генератор (варианты) и тепловой насос (варианты) на его основе - Google Patents
Термоэлектрический кластер, способ его работы, устройство соединения в нем активного элемента с теплоэлектропроводом, генератор (варианты) и тепловой насос (варианты) на его основе Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012134348A1 WO2012134348A1 PCT/RU2012/000218 RU2012000218W WO2012134348A1 WO 2012134348 A1 WO2012134348 A1 WO 2012134348A1 RU 2012000218 W RU2012000218 W RU 2012000218W WO 2012134348 A1 WO2012134348 A1 WO 2012134348A1
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- heat
- thermoelectric
- heat conductors
- wedges
- active elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/81—Structural details of the junction
- H10N10/813—Structural details of the junction the junction being separable, e.g. using a spring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/13—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the heat-exchanging means at the junction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
Definitions
- THERMOELECTRIC CLUSTER METHOD OF ITS OPERATION, DEVICE FOR CONNECTING AN ACTIVE ELEMENT WITH A HEAT ELECTRIC WIRE IN IT, GENERATOR (OPTIONS)
- the inventions relate to objects operating on two thermoelectric effects of the same nature - the effects of T.I. Seebeck and J. Peltier.
- the purpose of the invention is the generation of electrical power and / or heat transfer in heating and refrigerating machines.
- the heat flux in known devices is interrupted by a layer of insulator of considerable thickness (ceramic plates based on aluminum oxide or nitride with anisotropic thermal conductivity), the thermal conductivity of which is much less , the thermal conductivity of electricity conductors.
- insulator of considerable thickness
- the thermal conductivity of which is much less , the thermal conductivity of electricity conductors.
- a thermal barrier arises on these insulator layers, which impedes the efficient transfer of heat through a thermoelectric semiconductor.
- the specified insulator is in contact with adjacent surfaces also with a loss of thermal conductivity at these contacts.
- thermoelectric cluster The technical result, which is achieved by the proposed method of operation of a thermoelectric cluster, is to increase its efficiency by transferring heat through a thermoelectric semiconductor, bypassing any significant thermal barriers. This means that on the path of the heat flux to (from) the thermoelectric (s) semiconductor (a) there are only electrically conductive materials that are good isotropic heat conductors.
- thermoelectric cluster in which some heat conductors are coupled with a hot coolant, and other heat conductors - with a cold coolant, they directly influence the respective coolant on the heat conductors.
- a soldered contact is a rigid mechanical connection that simultaneously provides the positioning of the branches, the electrothermal conductive contact of the tires with the branches, and the structural strength of the module as a whole.
- temperature stresses arise, especially at the periphery of the module. This reduces the allowable working temperature difference, accelerates the aging process of the module (destruction and cracking of the branches) and limits the size of both the branches themselves and the module as a whole.
- the technical result to which the device for connecting the active element with a heat conductor in a thermoelectric cluster is directed, consists in increasing the reliability of the connection by creating an electrothermal conductive contact using an electrically and thermally conductive non-hardening plastic mixture, or solder with a melting temperature below the working temperature, or foil ductile metal alloy.
- thermoelectric module containing branches
- thermoelectric cooling modules - crystals (branches) of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) of p- and p-types of conductivity with a metallized coating for thermoelectric cooling modules.
- thermoelectric generator modules branches of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) of p- and p-types of conductivity for thermoelectric generator modules.
- the geometric dimensions of the crystals are a cross section of 5 x 5 mm (see http://www.adv-engineering.ru/pro/telvism.html);
- thermoelectric modules Small branches used in modern thermoelectric modules are obtained industrially by sawing washers obtained from ingots. At this, given the rectangular geometry of the branches and the considerable width of the saw, a significant proportion of thermoelectric material is in the waste.
- thermoelectric module From an analysis of the design and technological features of the production of thermoelectric modules and their operating conditions, it follows that the branches are the “weakest” link in their design. This is indicated by studies of the structural properties of a thermoelectric material based on bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), as well as the results of mechanical testing of branches for compression and tension. Studies have shown; that the samples have a high structural heterogeneity, manifested in differences in the thickness and length of grains. The indicated differences are observed between different regions of the sample plates. There is a difference in the crystallographic orientation of the grains, which can also be manifested in macro volumes, as well as the presence of fragmentation of grains and, possibly, pores between fragments. This, obviously, determines a significant scatter in the mechanical characteristics of semiconductor branches. The noted structural heterogeneity of the thermoelectric material and the dispersion of the mechanical characteristics of the branches negatively affect the stability and the level of physicomechanical properties of the branches and, therefore, the reliability of the thermoelectric module.
- Bi2Te3
- thermoelectric cluster is aimed at, is to increase its reliability and efficiency by enlarging the active elements up to the size of the washers, which eliminates the production stage of sawing washers into branches.
- thermoelectric cluster containing active elements the latter are made with a size in the direction of the electric current of at least three times smaller than the size in the direction perpendicular to it.
- Active elements can be interfaced with thermoelectric wires by an electrically and thermally conductive non-hardening plastic mixture, or solder with a melting temperature lower than the working temperature, or by a foil of a plastic metal alloy and covered by elastic positioning protective elements located in the recesses of the thermal conductors.
- Heat conductors can be made in the form of wedges, elastically pressed along the row to the active elements located between them and fixed from movement in other directions by a fixing frame made of non-conductive material or electrically isolated from the heat conductors.
- Known thermoelectric generator containing at least one thermoelectric module having a surface for receiving infrared radiation and cooled from the cold side by liquid (see http://www.qlobalte.com/pdf/teq 8550 manual.pdf).
- thermoelectric generator containing a thermoelectric module having heat conductors with a surface for receiving infrared radiation and heat conductors cooled by a gas medium
- thermoelectric module having a heat exchanger in contact with a liquid coolant circuit and a heat exchanger in contact with a gas medium (see http://www.eicsolutions.com/thermoelectric-air-conditioners.php) .
- thermoelectric modules used in them All the shortcomings of the known generators and heat pumps described above are caused by the shortcomings of the thermoelectric modules used in them, made according to the classical scheme.
- the technical result in the generator according to the first embodiment is achieved by the fact that in the generator containing at least one thermoelectric cluster having heat conductors with a surface for receiving infrared radiation and heat conductors cooled by a liquid, the heat conductors are arranged in at least one row and are made in the form of wedges between which active elements are placed, made with a size in the direction of the electric current less the size in the direction perpendicular to it, while the liquid-cooled wedges are hollow for the circulation of the cooling non-conductive liquid in them.
- the liquid-cooled wedges can be coupled to a collector made of separate parts movably interconnected along a series of wedges.
- the technical result in the generator according to the second embodiment is achieved by the fact that in the generator containing at least one thermoelectric cluster having heat conductors heated by a hot liquid and heat conductors cooled by a cold liquid, the heat conductors are arranged in at least one row and are made in the shape of hollow wedges for the circulation of the corresponding non-conductive liquids in them, while the active elements placed between the wedges are made with a size in the direction of the electric current smaller in the direction perpendicular to it.
- Cavities of hot heat-conducting wires can be coupled to a collector for hot non-conductive fluid, and cavities of cold heat-conducting wires can be paired with a collector for cold non-conductive fluid, while the collectors are made of separate parts movably connected to each other along a number of wedges.
- thermoelectric generator can be mounted in the housing and may further comprise a device for heating a hot non-conductive fluid, at least one radiator for cooling a cold non-conductive fluid, a pump for circulating cold non-conductive fluid, a pump for circulating hot non-conductive fluid, expansion tanks, at least , one fan, load connector, ammeter, voltmeter, heating indicator and overload indicator.
- the technical result in the generator according to the third embodiment is achieved in that in the generator containing at least one thermoelectric cluster having heat conductors heated or cooled by a liquid heat carrier and heat conductors respectively cooled or heated by a gas medium, the heat conductors are made in the form of wedges between which placed active elements made with a size in the direction of the electric current less than the size in the direction perpendicular to it, while the wedges, to those that interact with the liquid coolant are hollow for circulating a non-electropropous fluid in them, and the wedges in contact with the gaseous medium are made with fins for interaction with the gaseous medium. Wedges in contact with the liquid coolant can be associated with a collector made of separate parts, movably connected to each other.
- the technical result in the generator according to the fourth embodiment is achieved by the fact that in a generator containing a thermoelectric cluster having heat conductors with a receiving surface of infrared radiation and heat conductors cooled by a gaseous medium, the heat conductors are arranged coaxially with the infrared radiation source or are made in the form of wedges arranged around the circumference and between them placed active elements made with a size in the direction of the electric current less than the size in the perpendicular to it direction, while the internal heat conductors are configured to interact with an infrared radiation source, and the external heat conductors are made with fins for interaction with a gaseous medium.
- thermoelectric generator can be mounted in a housing that delimits an annular channel between it and the external heat and electric wires, communicated in the upper part with the output channel of the combustion products of the infrared radiation source.
- thermoelectric cluster having heat conductors, some of which are connected to the circuit of one coolant, and the other to the circuit of another coolant, the heat conductors are located at least in one row and made in the form of hollow wedges for the circulation of the corresponding non-conductive liquids in them, while the active elements placed between the wedges are made with a dimension in the direction SRI electric current smaller than the size in the perpendicular direction.
- the cavity of the wedges can be interfaced with the corresponding collectors, one of which is connected to one circuit, and the other to the other circuit, while the collectors are made of separate parts, movably interconnected along a series of wedges.
- thermoelectric cluster having heat conductors in contact with the liquid coolant circuit and heat conductors in contact with the gas medium
- the heat conductors are made in the form of wedges between which placed active elements made with a size in the direction of the electric current less than the size in the direction perpendicular to it, while the wedges in contact with the liquid coolant, made hollow for circulation of non-electroproponic fluid in them, and wedges in contact with the gaseous medium are made with ribbing for interaction with the gaseous medium.
- Wedges in contact with the liquid coolant can be associated with a collector made of separate parts, movably connected to each other.
- the active elements can be interfaced with heat and electric conductors of an electrically and thermally conductive non-hardening plastic mixture, or solder with a melting temperature below the working temperature, or a plastic metal alloy foil, and are covered by elastic positioning protective elements located in recesses of heat conduits.
- the heat conductors can be elastically pressed along the row to the active elements located between them and fixed from movement in other directions by a fixing frame made of non-conductive material or electrically isolated from the heat conductors.
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a thermoelectric cluster
- FIG. 2 general view of a thermoelectric cluster
- FIG. 3 - shows the coaxial execution of the cluster
- FIG. 5 shows a thermoelectric block of clusters from the side of infrared heating
- FIG. 6 shows a thermoelectric block of clusters on the collector side
- FIG. 7 holding frame of a cluster block
- FIG. 8 shows flows of a cooling non-conductive fluid in a cluster block
- FIG. 9 - a generator cluster according to the second embodiment
- FIG. 10 is a block of generator clusters according to the second embodiment, side view
- FIG. 10 is a block of generator clusters according to the second embodiment, side view
- FIG. 12 shows the flows of a heating non-conductive fluid in a cluster block
- FIG. 13 shows flows of a cooling non-conductive fluid in a cluster block
- in FIG. 15 is a block of generator clusters according to the third embodiment, side view
- in FIG. 16 is a longitudinal section through a block of generator clusters according to the third embodiment
- FIG. 18 is a block of generator clusters according to the fourth embodiment, side view
- FIG. 19 is a longitudinal section through a generator according to a fourth embodiment
- in FIG. 12 shows the flows of a heating non-conductive fluid in a cluster block
- in FIG. 13 shows flows of a cooling non-conductive fluid in a cluster block
- in FIG. 15 is a block of generator clusters according to the third embodiment, side view
- in FIG. 16 is
- FIG. 21 is a block of heat pump clusters according to the first embodiment, side view; in FIG. 22 - holding frame of the cluster block of the heat pump according to the first embodiment; on FIG. 23 - flows of a heated non-conductive fluid in a cluster block; in FIG. 24 - flows of cooling non-conductive fluid in the cluster block; in FIG. 25 - cluster heat pump according to the second embodiment; in FIG. 26 is a block block of heat pump clusters according to the second embodiment, side view; in FIG. 27 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cluster block of a heat pump according to a second embodiment.
- thermoelectric cluster All the solutions described above are based on a holistic assembly, which is hereinafter referred to as the thermoelectric cluster.
- thermoelectric module widely released by modern industry and a thermoelectric cluster functionally and in terms of the physical principles of operation on which their work is based have much in common.
- thermoelectric cluster is associated with significant differences between the cluster and the module, namely:
- thermoelectric cluster active elements 1 (AE), which can be made in the form of washers, are equipped with p- and p-type conductivity in pairs. Such kits are called pairs.
- AE 1 alternately, alternating p-type and p-type conductivity, are elasticly clamped along the guides 2 of the holding frame 3 between the heat conductors 4, 5 (TEC) using an elastic element 6 (Fig. 1, 2).
- TECs 4, 5 are fixed from moving in other directions by guides 2 made of non-conductive material or electrically isolated from the heat conductors 4, 5 by means of insulators 7.
- TECs 4, 5 are also alternated - one 4 that receive heat and transmit it to AE 1, the other 5 - receive heat from AE 1 and give it further.
- TECs 4, 5 directly interact with non-conductive coolants.
- the heat carriers can be infrared (thermal) radiation, non-conductive liquids and vapor-gas media.
- the thermoelectric sliding contact 8 between AE 1 and TECs 4, 5 is realized through an electro- and heat-conducting non-hardening plastic mixture, or solder with a melting point below operating temperature, or foil of a plastic metal alloy.
- the task of positioning the AE 1 and protecting them from external conditions is solved by using a positioning protective elastic element 9.
- the number of pairs of AE 1 p- and p-type conductivity in the cluster can be any.
- a cluster is a combination of pairs of AE 1 and TECs 4, 5, elastically clamped along the guides 2.
- the extreme TECs 10 are structurally somewhat different from the others. The difference is due to three reasons. Firstly, they have only one contact surface. Secondly, they are equipped with an element of electrical connection 11 in a high current circuit. Thirdly, equipped with a persistent insulator 12.
- the maximum number of AE 1 pairs in a cluster can be limited only by common sense considerations when designing specific devices.
- the shape of the guides 2 of the holding frame 3 is also determined by expediency in the design, i.e. can be straight, curved up to a closed ring (Fig. 3), or spiral.
- thermoelectric cluster consisting of 6 pairs of AE 1 is used (Fig. 4).
- the receiving TECs 4 are made of solid bronze casting method using investment casting followed by machining of the contact surfaces. All receiving TECs 4 have blackened surfaces for receiving infrared radiation. Structurally, the receiving TECs 4 are made in such a way as, firstly, to exclude electrical contact between adjacent TECs 4 and, secondly, to ensure continuous closure of the infrared radiation reception area (Fig. 4).
- All giving TEPs 5 are also made of bronze by investment casting followed by mechanical processing of contact surfaces. Moreover, they are made hollow for the circulation in them of a cooling non-conductive fluid. To form a channel for the fluid duct, each TEC 5 giving out is supplemented with a collector segment 13 made of non-conductive material. The segments of the collector 13 are interconnected movably in a common block for the entire cluster. The extreme segments of the collector 14 are electrically conductive and equipped with an element of electrical connection 11 in a high current circuit.
- the active elements 1 are made in the form of washers with a diameter of 23 mm and a thickness of 55 mm from telluride dependence obtained by powder metallurgy and have a 2-layer coating on the contact surfaces: nickel 20 microns thick and 5 microns thick gold.
- a Rose alloy with a melting point of 90 degrees Celsius was used.
- the positioning protective element 9 is made in the form of a silicone ring with an inner diameter in the free state of 22 mm with a circular cross section with a diameter of 3.2 mm and placed in recesses in TEPs 4, 5. This solution provides both fixation and reliable protection of the active elements 1 from exposure the environment.
- the elastic preload of the TECs 4, 5 to the AE 1 is carried out using an elastic element 6, consisting of six springs with a total pressing force of 120 kgf.
- the extreme TECs 10 are structurally somewhat different from the others. The difference is due to two reasons. Firstly, they have only one contact surface. Secondly, equipped with a persistent insulator 12.
- the clusters When assembling, the clusters are connected into a serial electric circuit by conductive jumpers 15 and are oriented in such a way that the directions of the electric current in neighboring clusters are mutually opposite (Fig. 6).
- the guides 2 of all clusters are rectilinear, made of stainless steel and combined into a common holding frame 3.
- Each TEC 4, 5 is isolated from the guides 2 using a ceramic insulator 7 (Fig. 7).
- the source of infrared radiation is an infrared burner, which gives an orange glow to the emitting ceramic surface at a radiation temperature of 900–950 degrees Celsius, with a power of 3 kW and dimensions of a flat emitting surface of 220x140 mm, operating on a low pressure propane-butane mixture.
- the temperature of the receiving TEC 4 reaches 300 degrees Celsius.
- the temperature of the giving TEC 5 reaches 80 degrees Celsius.
- arrows 16 show the flows of cooling non-conductive liquid in clusters.
- Arrows 17 show the flows of cooling non-conductive fluid in groups of unifying collectors 18 connected movably to each other in three.
- the cooling of the non-conductive fluid heated by the returning TECs 5 is carried out by discharge into the atmosphere through two radiators with forced blowing by two fans.
- the fluid is circulated using an electric pump.
- the device additionally has a housing, an expansion tank, a load connector, an ammeter, a voltmeter, a heating indicator and an overload indicator.
- thermoelectric cluster consisting of 6 pairs of active elements 1 (Fig. 9).
- the receiving TECs 4 are made of bronze by investment casting followed by machining of the contact surfaces. All receiving TECs 4 are hollow for the circulation of a heating non-conductive fluid in them. To form a channel for the fluid duct, each receiving TEC 4 is supplemented by a collector segment 13 made of a non-conductive material that retains structural strength at the working temperature of a heating fluid, such as ceramic. The segments of the collector 13 are interconnected movably in a common block for the entire cluster.
- All giving TEPs 5 are also made of bronze by investment casting followed by mechanical processing of contact surfaces. Moreover, they are made hollow for the circulation in them of a cooling non-conductive fluid. To form a channel for the fluid duct, each TEC 5 giving out is supplemented with a collector segment 13 made of non-conductive material. The segments of the collector 13 are interconnected movably in a common block for the entire cluster. The extreme segments of the collector 14 are electrically conductive and equipped with an element of electrical connection 11 in a high current circuit.
- Active elements 1 are made in the form of washers with a diameter of 23 mm and a thickness of 55 mm from bismuth telluride obtained by powder metallurgy and have a 2-layer coating on the contact surfaces: nickel 20 microns thick and 5 microns thick gold.
- the positioning protective element 9 is made in the form of a silicone ring with an inner diameter in the free state of 22 mm with a circular cross section with a diameter of 3.2 mm and placed in recesses in TEPs 4, 5. This solution provides both fixation and reliable protection of the active elements 1 from exposure the environment.
- the elastic preload of the TECs 4, 5 to the AE 1 is carried out using an elastic element 6, consisting of six springs with a total pressing force of 120 kgf.
- the extreme TECs 10 are structurally somewhat different from the others. The difference is due to two reasons. Firstly, they have only one contact surface. Secondly, equipped with stubborn insulator 12.
- the apparatus is made of six identical clusters located next to each other so that the hot side of all clusters is oriented in one direction, and the cold side in the opposite direction (Fig. 10).
- the clusters during assembly are connected in series to the electrical conductive bridges 15 and are oriented in such a way that the directions of the electric current in neighboring clusters are mutually opposite.
- the guides 2 of all clusters are rectilinear, made of stainless steel and combined into a common holding frame 3.
- Each TEC 4, 5 is isolated from the guides 2 using a ceramic insulator 7 (Fig. 11).
- a non-conductive heating fluid receives heat in a heat exchanger from any heat source.
- a heat source for example, a wood stove, an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, energy turbines, geothermal, solar sources, etc.
- the temperature of the receiving TEC 4 reaches 300 degrees Celsius.
- the temperature of the giving TEC 5 reaches 80 degrees Celsius.
- arrows 16 show the flows of a heating non-conductive liquid in clusters.
- Arrows 17 show the flows of a heating non-conductive fluid in groups of unifying collectors 18 connected movably to each other in three.
- arrows 16 show the flows of cooling non-conductive fluid in clusters.
- Arrows 17 show the flows of cooling non-conductive fluid in groups of unifying collectors 8, connected movably to each other in three.
- the cooling of the non-conductive fluid heated by the returning TECs 5 is carried out by discharge into the atmosphere through two radiators with forced blowing by two fans.
- the circulation of both liquids, heating and cooling, is carried out using electric pumps.
- the device additionally has a housing, expansion tanks, load connector, ammeter, voltmeter, heating indicator and overload indicator.
- thermoelectric cluster consisting of 15 pairs of active elements 1 and mounted on two guides 2 having the shape of a circular closed ring (Fig. 14).
- the receiving TECs 4 are made of bronze by investment casting followed by machining of the contact surfaces. All receiving TECs 4 are hollow for circulating a heating non-conductive fluid in them. To form a channel for the fluid duct, each receiving TEC 4 is supplemented by a collector segment 13 made of a non-conductive material that retains structural strength at the working temperature of a heating fluid, such as ceramic.
- All giving TEPs 5 are also made of bronze by investment casting followed by mechanical processing of contact surfaces. Moreover, they are made with a developed heat exchange surface with a vapor-gas medium.
- the extreme giving TECs 10 are equipped with an element of electrical connection 11 in a high current circuit and are equipped with a persistent insulator 12.
- the elastic compression of the TECs 4, 5 to the AE 1 is carried out using an elastic element 6, consisting of a single spring with a pressing force of 100 kgf (Fig. 14).
- Each TEC 4, 5 is isolated from the guides 2 using a ceramic insulator
- Active elements 1 are made in the form of washers with a diameter of 23 mm and a thickness of 55 mm from bismuth telluride obtained by powder metallurgy and have a 2-layer coating on the contact surfaces: nickel 20 microns thick and 5 microns thick gold.
- the positioning protective element 9 is made in the form of a silicone ring with an inner diameter in the free state of 22 mm with a circular cross section with a diameter of 3.2 mm and placed in recesses in TEPs 4, 5. This solution provides both fixation and reliable protection of the active elements 1 from exposure the environment.
- the device is made of six identical clusters located one above the other along a common axis.
- the guides 2 of all clusters are made of stainless steel and are fixed with a common retaining frame 3.
- Clusters during assembly are connected to the serial electrical circuit by conductive jumpers 15 (Fig. 15).
- arrows 16 show the flows of non-conductive fluid in clusters.
- Arrows 17 show the flows of non-conductive fluid in groups of unifying collectors 18.
- the apparatus is designed in such a way that the direction of the heat flux can be reversed without losing the functionality of the device, i.e. receiving and giving TEPs 4, 5 will change roles. In this case, the polarity of the generated voltage will change to the opposite.
- the device additionally has a housing, an expansion tank, a load connector, an ammeter, a voltmeter, a heating indicator and an overload indicator.
- thermoelectric cluster consisting of 15 pairs of active elements 1 and mounted on two guides 2 having the shape of a circular closed ring (Fig. 17).
- the receiving TECs 4 are made of solid bronze casting method using investment casting followed by machining of the contact surfaces. All receiving TECs 4 have blackened surfaces for receiving infrared radiation. Structurally, the receiving TECs 4 are made in such a way that, firstly, to exclude electrical contact between adjacent TECs 4 and, secondly, to ensure continuous closure of the area of reception of infrared radiation.
- All giving TEPs 5 are also made of bronze by investment casting followed by mechanical processing of contact surfaces. Moreover, they are made with a developed heat exchange surface with a vapor-gas medium (atmospheric air).
- the extreme giving TECs 10 are equipped with an element of electrical connection 11 in a high current circuit and are equipped with a persistent insulator 12.
- the elastic compression of the TECs 4, 5 to the AE 1 is carried out using an elastic element 6, consisting (here) of one spring with a pressing force of 100 kgf.
- Each TEC 4, 5 is isolated from the guides 2 using a ceramic insulator
- the active elements 1 are made in the form of washers with a diameter of 23 mm and a thickness of 1.55 mm from bismuth telluride by powder metallurgy and have a 2-layer coating on the contact surfaces: nickel 20 microns thick and 5 microns thick gold.
- the positioning protective element 9 is made in the form of a silicone ring with an inner diameter in the free state of 22 mm with a circular cross section with a diameter of 3.2 mm and placed in recesses in TEPs 4, 5. This solution provides both fixation and reliable protection of the active elements 1 from exposure the environment.
- the apparatus is made of six identical clusters located one above the other and forming a single cylindrical surface for receiving infrared radiation inside itself (Fig. 18).
- the clusters When assembling, the clusters are connected in series with the conductive jumpers 15.
- the guides of 2 adjacent clusters are combined into one common part.
- the guides 2 of all clusters are made of stainless steel and combined by a common retaining frame 3.
- the source of infrared radiation is an infrared finger burner, which gives an orange glow to the radiating surface in the form of a conical cylinder at a radiation temperature of 900-950 degrees Celsius, with a power of 5 kW and a height of the radiating surface of 300 mm, operating on a low-pressure propane-butane mixture.
- the axis of the burner coincides with the axis of all clusters.
- the temperature of the receiving TEC 4 reaches 300 degrees Celsius.
- the temperature of the issuing TEC 5 reaches 100 degrees Celsius.
- the apparatus is mounted in a housing that delimits an annular channel 19 between it and the giving TECs 5, communicated in the upper part with the channel 20 for the exit of combustion products from the IR burner.
- the air in the channel 19 is drawn into the self-exhaust of the channel 20.
- the cooling of the heated delivery TECs 5 is carried out by discharging heat into the atmosphere through the developed surface of the fins with forced airflow caused by the draft of the chimney 21 (Fig. 19).
- the guides of 2 adjacent clusters are combined into one common part.
- the device additionally has a load connector, ammeter, voltmeter, heating indicator and overload indicator.
- thermoelectric cluster consisting of 6 pairs of active elements 1 (Fig. 20) is used as the basis for the design of the heat pump according to the first embodiment.
- the receiving TECs 4 are made of bronze by investment casting followed by machining of the contact surfaces. All receiving TECs 4 are hollow for the circulation of a cooled non-conductive fluid in them. To form the channel of the fluid duct, each receiving TEC 4 is supplemented by a collector segment 13 made of non-conductive material. The collector segments 13 are interconnected movably in a block common to the entire cluster.
- All giving TEPs 5 are also made of bronze by investment casting followed by mechanical processing of contact surfaces. Moreover, they are made hollow for. circulation of a heated non-conductive fluid in them. To form a channel for the fluid duct, each TEC 5 giving out is supplemented with a collector segment 13 made of non-conductive material. The segments of the collector 13 are interconnected movably in a common block for the entire cluster. The extreme segments of the collector 14 are electrically conductive and are provided with an element of electrical connection 11 in a high current circuit.
- the extreme TECs 10 are structurally somewhat different from the others. The difference is due to two reasons. Firstly, they have only one contact surface. Secondly, equipped with a persistent insulator 12.
- the receiving TEC 4 and the giving TEC 5 change roles. Those. the direction of heat transfer is reversed.
- the active elements 1 are made in the form of washers with a diameter of 23 mm and a thickness of 1.55 mm from bismuth telluride by powder metallurgy and have a 2-layer coating on the contact surfaces: nickel 20 microns thick and 5 microns thick gold.
- the positioning protective element 9 is made in the form of a silicone ring with an inner diameter in the free state of 22 mm with a circular cross section with a diameter of 3.2 mm and placed in recesses in TEPs 4, 5. This solution provides both fixation and reliable protection of the active elements 1 from exposure the environment.
- the elastic preload of the TECs 4, 5 to the AE 1 is carried out using an elastic element 6, consisting of six springs with a total pressing force of 120 kgf.
- the apparatus is made of six identical clusters located next to each other so that the hot side of all clusters is oriented in one direction, and the cold side in the opposite direction (Fig. 21).
- the clusters during assembly are connected in series to the electrical conductive bridges 15 and are oriented in such a way that the directions of the electric current in neighboring clusters are mutually opposite.
- the guides 2 of all clusters are rectilinear, made of stainless steel and combined into a common holding frame 3.
- Each TEC 4, 5 is isolated from the guides 2 using a ceramic insulator 7 (Fig. 22).
- arrows 16 show the flows of a heated non-conductive fluid in clusters.
- Arrows 17 show the flows of a heated non-conductive fluid in groups of unifying collectors 18 connected movably to each other in three.
- arrows 16 show the flows of cooled non-conductive fluid in clusters.
- Arrows 17 show the flows of a cooled non-conductive fluid in groups of unifying collectors 18 connected movably to each other in three.
- the heated non-conductive fluid is cooled by discharging into the atmosphere through two radiators with forced blowing by two fans.
- the cooled non-conductive fluid is heated by removing heat from the cooled closed volume through a heat exchanger.
- targeted cooling of a closed volume occurs. If it is necessary to heat this confined space, the polarity on the electrical terminals is reversed.
- the device additionally has a housing, expansion tanks, a system for monitoring and regulating the performance and direction of operation of the heat pump.
- the device is a device for thermal stabilization of a closed thermally insulated volume, under conditions of variable heat generation from equipment installed inside the closed volume and variable temperature conditions outside.
- thermoelectric cluster consisting of 15 pairs of active elements 1 and mounted on two guides 2 having the shape of a circular ring is used as the basis for the design of the heat pump according to the second embodiment (Fig. 25).
- the receiving TECs 4 are made of bronze by investment casting followed by machining of the contact surfaces. All receiving TECs 4 are hollow for the circulation of a cooled non-conductive fluid in them. To form the channel of the fluid duct, each receiving TEC 4 is supplemented by a collector segment 13 made of non-conductive material.
- TEPs 5 are also made of bronze by investment casting followed by mechanical processing of contact surfaces. Moreover, they are made with a developed heat exchange surface with a vapor-gas medium. Last TEPs 10 are equipped with an element of electrical connection 11 in a high current circuit and are equipped with a persistent insulator 12.
- the elastic preload of the TECs 4, 5 to the AE 1 is carried out using an elastic element 6, consisting of one spring with a pressing force of 100 kgf.
- the receiving TEC 4 and the giving TEC 5 change roles. Those. the direction of heat transfer is reversed.
- the active elements 1 are made in the form of washers with a diameter of 23 mm and a thickness of 1.55 mm from bismuth telluride by powder metallurgy and have a 2-layer coating on the contact surfaces: nickel 20 microns thick and 5 microns thick gold.
- the positioning protective element 9 is made in the form of a silicone ring with an inner diameter in the free state of 22 mm with a circular cross section with a diameter of 3.2 mm and placed in recesses in TEPs 4, 5. This solution provides both fixation and reliable protection of the active elements 1 from exposure the environment.
- the device is made of six identical clusters located one above the other along a common axis. Clusters during assembly are connected to the serial electrical circuit by conductive jumpers 15 (Fig. 26).
- arrows 16 show the flows of non-conductive fluid in the clusters.
- Arrows 17 show the flows of non-conductive fluid in groups of unifying collectors 18.
- the fluid is circulated using an electric pump.
- the device additionally has a housing, an expansion tank and a system for monitoring and regulating the performance and direction of the heat pump.
Landscapes
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12763827.8A EP2693502A4 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-27 | THERMOELECTRIC CLUSTER, METHOD OF OPERATION, DEVICE FOR CONNECTING ACTIVE ELEMENT WITH HEAT AND ELECTRICITY CONDUCTOR, GENERATORS (VARIANTS) AND HEAT PUMP (VARIANTS) |
| JP2014502505A JP2014514904A (ja) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-27 | 熱電クラスター、それを動作させるための方法、それに基づく熱電駆動部、発電機(変形)およびヒートポンプ(変形)に前記クラスターでの能動素子を接続するためのデバイス |
| BR112013031269A BR112013031269A2 (pt) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-27 | conjunto termoelétrico, método para operar o mesmo, dispositivo para conectar um elemento ativo no dito conjunto a um condutor termoelétrico, gerador (mo-dalidades) e bomba de calor (modalidades) baseados no mesmo |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2011111622 | 2011-03-29 | ||
| RU2011111622/28A RU2444814C1 (ru) | 2011-03-29 | 2011-03-29 | Термоэлектрический кластер, способ его работы, устройство соединения в нем активного элемента с теплоэлектропроводом, генератор (варианты) и тепловой насос (варианты) на его основе |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012134348A1 true WO2012134348A1 (ru) | 2012-10-04 |
Family
ID=46029179
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2012/000218 Ceased WO2012134348A1 (ru) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-03-27 | Термоэлектрический кластер, способ его работы, устройство соединения в нем активного элемента с теплоэлектропроводом, генератор (варианты) и тепловой насос (варианты) на его основе |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2693502A4 (ru) |
| JP (1) | JP2014514904A (ru) |
| CN (1) | CN102738378A (ru) |
| BR (1) | BR112013031269A2 (ru) |
| CZ (1) | CZ2011671A3 (ru) |
| RU (1) | RU2444814C1 (ru) |
| WO (1) | WO2012134348A1 (ru) |
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| RU2525168C1 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-08-10 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2525171C1 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-08-10 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2525603C1 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-08-20 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2534440C2 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-11-27 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2525611C1 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-08-20 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2525608C1 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-08-20 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2534441C2 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-11-27 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2534436C2 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-11-27 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2525169C1 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-08-10 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2525170C1 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-08-10 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2525607C1 (ru) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-08-20 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
| RU2557365C1 (ru) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-07-20 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дагестанский Государственный Технический Университет" (Дгту) | Выпрямитель переменного напряжения |
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| RU2650758C1 (ru) * | 2017-03-06 | 2018-04-17 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Юго-Западный государственный университет" (ЮЗГУ) | Компактный термоэлектрический генератор |
| RU2676803C1 (ru) * | 2017-09-23 | 2019-01-11 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Юго-Западный государственный университет "(ЮЗГУ) | Ленточный термоэлектрогенератор |
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| CN119921180A (zh) * | 2025-04-02 | 2025-05-02 | 杭州开幕光子技术有限公司 | 一种半导体激光器和激光雷达 |
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2012
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2014514904A (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
| CN102738378A (zh) | 2012-10-17 |
| BR112013031269A2 (pt) | 2016-12-06 |
| CZ2011671A3 (cs) | 2013-01-30 |
| EP2693502A1 (en) | 2014-02-05 |
| RU2444814C1 (ru) | 2012-03-10 |
| EP2693502A4 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
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