WO2012139458A1 - 一种导航信号调制方法 - Google Patents

一种导航信号调制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012139458A1
WO2012139458A1 PCT/CN2012/073075 CN2012073075W WO2012139458A1 WO 2012139458 A1 WO2012139458 A1 WO 2012139458A1 CN 2012073075 W CN2012073075 W CN 2012073075W WO 2012139458 A1 WO2012139458 A1 WO 2012139458A1
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signal
branch
multiplier
modulation
baseband
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French (fr)
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唐祖平
魏蛟龙
严涛
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Priority to EP12771513.4A priority Critical patent/EP2698959B1/en
Priority to CA2841334A priority patent/CA2841334C/en
Priority to US14/123,232 priority patent/US9020072B2/en
Publication of WO2012139458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012139458A1/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/02Details of the space or ground control segments
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13Receivers
    • G01S19/35Constructional details or hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
    • G01S19/37Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03DDEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D3/00Demodulation of angle-, frequency- or phase- modulated oscillations
    • H03D3/26Demodulation of angle-, frequency- or phase- modulated oscillations by means of sloping amplitude/frequency characteristic of tuned or reactive circuit
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L23/00Apparatus or local circuits for systems other than those covered by groups H04L15/00 - H04L21/00
    • H04L23/02Apparatus or local circuits for systems other than those covered by groups H04L15/00 - H04L21/00 adapted for orthogonal signalling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H04L27/20Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2215/00Reducing interference at the transmission system level
    • H04B2215/064Reduction of clock or synthesizer reference frequency harmonics
    • H04B2215/065Reduction of clock or synthesizer reference frequency harmonics by changing the frequency of clock or reference frequency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of signal system design and signal generation in satellite navigation systems, and in particular to a constant envelope modulation method for navigation signals carrying different services on the upper and lower sidebands.
  • the signal system is the core of the satellite navigation system and determines the innate performance of the navigation system. If the signal system design is flawed, even if the equipment of the ground segment, space segment and user segment is better, the performance of the system will still be congenital, hindering the promotion and application of the navigation system.
  • the modulation method is the focus of the navigation signal system research.
  • modulation mode design is the focus of the industry.
  • the satellite navigation signal modulation has been extended by the BPSK modulation adopted by the first generation GPS to the coexistence of various new modulation modes such as BOC, CBOC, TMBOC and AltBOC.
  • the AltBOC modulation mode has the ability to carry different services in the upper and lower sidebands, and can independently receive and process single sideband signals to achieve the performance of traditional BPSK signals, or can be jointly processed to achieve higher positioning accuracy, which has been adopted by the COMPASS global system.
  • AltBOC is a BOC-like modulation method in which upper and lower sidebands can modulate different pseudo-codes. Its concept was first proposed in 2000 to meet the need to share a high-amplitude transmission of two navigation signals in the El and E2 bands. However, due to the non-constant envelope problem and the signal planning adjustment of the L1 band, the AltBOC modulation method is not used in the L1 band.
  • the French Space Agency (CNES) proposed a 4-pseudo-code constant envelope AltBOC modulation method, which was adopted as the modulation method for the Galileo E5a and E5b band navigation signals.
  • AltBOC (15,10) modulation with a center frequency of 1191.795MHz is adopted.
  • the center frequency of the lower sideband is 1176.45MHz, and the center frequency of the upper sideband is 1207.14MHz.
  • the interoperability of GalileoE5 and GPSL5C signals can also be compatible with the B2 signal of the COMPASS regional system.
  • Galileo's AltBOC modulation method increases the slew rate of the baseband waveform to 8 times the subcarrier, the number of subcarriers is increased to 4 levels, and the product term is inserted.
  • the increase in the baseband slew rate and the number of subcarrier levels will undoubtedly increase the complexity of signal generation and reception.
  • the introduction of the product term reduces the multiplexing efficiency and reduces the signal performance to some extent.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a navigation signal modulation method which has the advantages of flexible signal reception processing, higher multiplexing efficiency, and low signal generation and reception processing complexity.
  • the control clock CLK0 is divided to obtain a pseudo code to generate a drive clock CLK1 and a time division multiplex control clock CLK2, and the frequency of the control clock CLK0 is 4 times the binary subcarrier frequency, and the pseudo code generates a drive clock CLK1 at a code rate. 1/2, the frequency division of the time division multiplexing control clock CLK2 is equivalent to the code rate;
  • the CLK1 driver generates an upper sideband data channel pseudo code c BD , a lower sideband data channel pseudo code CAD, and a pilot channel pseudo code c P
  • the CLK0 driver generates a binary sinusoidal subcarrier SC B , sin and a binary cosine subcarrier SC B , Ras;
  • the lower sideband data d A modulates the CAD to obtain the lower sideband data channel baseband signal component C A ;
  • the upper sideband data waveform d B modulates c BD to obtain the upper sideband data channel baseband signal component C B ;
  • the step (4) queries the corresponding baseband signal in the modulation mapping table according to the current C A , C B and C P values.
  • the modulation mapping table is constructed by: combining all possible C A , C B and C P values, according to steps (41) to (43) for each combination Processing, obtaining the baseband signal Q branch component and the baseband signal I branch component corresponding to each combination, recording each combination and its corresponding Q branch component and I branch component, and constructing a modulation mapping table.
  • a modulation system implementing the navigation signal modulation method including
  • a first multiplier 3 a first subtractor 4, a second multiplier 7, a first time division multiplexer 11 that are sequentially connected, and a fourth multiplier 2, a second adder 5, and a fifth that are sequentially connected a multiplier 8, a second time division multiplexer 12; and a seventh multiplier 6 and an eighth multiplier 9 that are sequentially connected;
  • a pseudo code generator 1 that connects the first multiplier 3, the fourth multiplier 2, and the seventh multiplier 6, respectively; and a first frequency divider 17 that connects the pseudo code generator 1;
  • a subcarrier generator connecting the second multiplier 7, the fifth multiplier 8 and the fifth multiplier 9 respectively; and a second frequency divider connecting the first time division multiplexer 11 and the second time division multiplexer 12, respectively 18;
  • the first multiplier 3 is connected to the second adder 5, the fourth multiplier 2 is connected to the first subtractor 4, and the eighth multiplier 9 is connected to the second time division multiplexer 12, the first time division multiplexing And the second time division multiplexer 12 is connected to the radio frequency modulator, and the first time division multiplexer 11 further receives a zero signal input;
  • a modulation system implementing the navigation signal modulation method including
  • the connected frequency divider 24 and the pseudo code generator 19, the pseudo code generator 19 is connected to the first input end of the baseband modulation module 26 via the first exclusive OR device 20, and the pseudo code generator 19 is connected by the second exclusive OR device 21.
  • the second input of the baseband modulation module 26, the pseudocode generator 19 is also coupled to the third input of the baseband modulation module 26, and the two outputs of the TD-AltBOC baseband modulation module 26 are coupled to the radio frequency modulator.
  • the time domain characteristics of the TD-AltBOC modulated signal of the present invention are as follows.
  • the I and Q branch baseband waveforms are determined by the upper sideband data channel pseudocode C BD and the lower sideband data channel pseudocode.
  • the baseband waveform of the TD-AltBOC modulated signal is shown in Figure 5.
  • the TD_AltB0C (15, 10) modulated baseband signal waveform is shown in Figure 5.
  • the power spectrum of the TD-AltBOC modulated signal consists of two main lobes.
  • the peak of one main lobe is located at the carrier frequency plus the subcarrier frequency, mainly the upper sideband signal component, and the peak of the other main lobe is located at the carrier frequency minus the subcarrier frequency. Where, mainly the lower sideband signal component.
  • the normalized power spectrum of the TD-AltBOC (15,10) modulated signal is shown in Figure 6.
  • the TD-AltBOC modulated signal has good reception flexibility.
  • the upper sideband signal can be regarded as a BPSK (Rc) modulated signal whose center frequency value is equal to the carrier frequency plus the subcarrier frequency
  • the lower sideband signal can be regarded as a BPSK (Rc) modulated signal whose center frequency value is equal to the carrier frequency minus the subcarrier frequency.
  • the upper and lower sideband signals can be received separately to obtain the reception performance equivalent to BPSK (Rc); the upper and lower sideband signals can also be jointly received to obtain the reception performance equivalent to B0C (fs, Rc).
  • the TD-AltBOC modulated signal has a 100% multiplexing efficiency.
  • the constant envelope multiplexing of the four signal components of the upper and lower sidebands is realized, and no product signal component is introduced, and there is no multiplexing loss.
  • the upper and lower side pilot channels of TD-AltBOC share pseudo-code, and the double-side band joint reception is equivalent to cosine B0C modulation.
  • the number of pseudo-code generators and correlators required for pilot signal tracking can be reduced by half; TD- AltBOC's subcarrier symbol conversion rate is four times the subcarrier frequency, while AltBOC's subcarrier symbol conversion rate is eight times the subcarrier frequency, and the baseband processing rate required for signal generation is reduced by half.
  • the subcarrier waveform of TD-AltBOC is 2 level, AltBOC subcarrier waveform is 4 level, the hardware resource consumed by a single correlator is lower when matching is received; the data channel and pilot channel of TD-AltBOC modulated signal appear time-division, some consume large hardware resources Basic units (such as multipliers) can implement time-sharing multiplexing to improve resource utilization and reduce hardware resource consumption. Therefore, the TD-AltBOC signal generation and reception complexity is much lower than the AltBOC signal.
  • Figure 3 shows the TD-AltBOC modulation signal generation implementation.
  • Figure 4 shows the TD-AltBOC modulation constellation and signal waveform.
  • the invention solves the constant envelope modulation problem of the 4 signal by combining the chip-by-chip time division multiplexing mode and the 2-signal AltBOC modulation mode, and is named as the time division AltBOC mode, abbreviated as TD-AltBOC.
  • TD-AltBOC time division AltBOC mode
  • m represents a multiple of the subcarrier frequency relative to the reference frequency fD
  • ie f s mxf 0
  • n represents a multiple of the code rate relative to the reference frequency fD
  • ie R c n xf 0 .
  • TD-AltBOC modulation divides the signal transmission time into odd and even time slots, the time slot width is equal to the pseudo code chip width, the odd time slot transmits the upper and lower sideband data channel signal components, and the even time slot transmits the upper and lower sidebands. Pilot channel signal component.
  • the timing relationship of signal component transmission is shown in Figure 1.
  • B2b_D represents the upper sideband data channel signal component
  • B2b_P represents the upper sideband pilot channel signal component
  • B2a_D represents the lower sideband data channel signal component
  • B2a_P represents the lower sideband pilot channel signal component.
  • the waveform is the lower side data channel pseudo code waveform, the lower side data channel pseudo code waveform, the data bit waveform modulated by the upper side data channel, c BD W is the upper side data channel pseudo code waveform, and the upper side data channel pseudo code Waveform, . ) is a binary cosine subcarrier, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) is a binary sinusoidal subcarrier.
  • c BD (t) ⁇ ⁇ C BD ⁇ k)p ⁇ t- ⁇ 2N BD l + 2k)T c )
  • c BP (t) ⁇ ⁇ C BP ⁇ k)p ⁇ t- ⁇ 2N BP + 2k + ⁇ )T c )
  • N AD , N AP , N BD , N BP are the code lengths of C ⁇ , C AP , C AP , C SP , 7 : pseudo code chip width, p (for rectangular pulse, indicator Number operation, / s is the subcarrier frequency (B2 signal is 15X1.023MHz). p (defined as follows
  • C A and C s respectively represent a lower sideband pseudo code and an upper sideband pseudo code transmitted in a certain time slot.
  • C A d A C AD
  • C B d B C BD
  • C A G AP
  • C B G BP
  • the signal waveform drawn by the solid line is the in-phase branch waveform
  • the signal waveform drawn by the broken line is the orthogonal branch waveform.
  • time slots may only have binary cosine subcarriers on the in-phase branch.
  • the present invention adopts the same TD-AltBOC scheme with upper and lower sideband pilot channel pseudo-codes.
  • the clock with 4 times the subcarrier frequency is used as the unified control clock signal CLK0 generated by the TD-AltBOC baseband signal.
  • control clock is divided by a frequency divider 17 to generate a pseudo-code generator drive clock CLK1;
  • the output of the multiplier 6 is passed through a multiplier 9 and a binary cosine subcarrier SC B , e . Multiplying s to obtain the signal component of the pilot channel in the I branch, and note that the signal component of the pilot channel in the Q branch is always 0;
  • the output of the adder 5 is passed through a multiplier 8 and a binary cosine subcarrier SC B , e . Multiplying s to obtain the signal component of the data channel in the I branch;
  • the output of the adder 4 is multiplied by the binary sinusoidal subcarriers SC B , sin by the multiplier 7 to obtain the signal component of the data channel in the Q branch; 12) taking the output of the multiplier 7 and 0 as two inputs of the time division multiplexer 11;
  • the baseband clock CLK0 is divided by a frequency divider by 18 to obtain a time division multiplexer control clock CLK2;
  • the time division multiplexer 11 and the time division multiplexer 12 complete the synchronous switching of the data channel and the pilot channel.
  • the time division multiplexer 11 When in the odd digital chip time slot, the time division multiplexer 11 outputs the data channel at The signal component of the Q branch, the time division multiplexer 12 outputs the signal component of the data channel in the I branch; when in the even digital chip time slot, the time division multiplexer 11 outputs 0, and the time division multiplexer 12 outputs the pilot channel.
  • the output of the time division multiplexer 11 is the Q-branch signal component of the composite signal
  • the output of the time division multiplexer 12 is the I-branch signal component of the composite signal.
  • the TD-AltBOC modulated radio frequency signal is obtained by combining the Q branch component and the I branch component of the radio frequency signal.
  • the multipliers 13 and 14 and the adder 15 together constitute a radio frequency modulator, and the present invention is not limited to this form, and a dedicated QPSK modulator can also be used to implement radio frequency modulation, and the number of divisions of the frequency dividers 17 and 18 is also Not limited to the frequency division number mentioned in this example, when the subcarrier frequency and code rate control parameters are changed, the frequency division numbers of the frequency dividers 17 and 18 should be changed accordingly, and the frequency division number of the frequency divider 17 is 8*. m/n, the frequency division number of the frequency divider 18 is 4*m/n.
  • the clock CLK00 is divided by 12 by the frequency divider to divide by 12, which is used as the driving clock of the pseudo code generator;
  • the pseudo code generator generates the upper sideband data channel pseudo code C BD , the lower sideband data channel pseudo code CAD and the pilot channel pseudo code C P at half the code rate Rc ; unlike the method shown in FIG. 2, the method outputs
  • the pseudo code sequence takes a value of 0 or 1, corresponding to 1 and -1 of the method shown in Figure 2;
  • the lookup table unit 26 includes a modulation map composed of an I branch lookup table and a Q branch lookup table, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.
  • Tables 1 and 2 are based on the principle of subcarrier modulation in Figure 2, that is, combining all possible C A , C B and CP values, and performing the same subcarrier modulation for each combination to obtain the baseband corresponding to each combination.
  • the signal Q branch component and the baseband signal I branch component are recorded, and each combination and its corresponding Q branch component and I branch component are recorded, and a modulation map is constructed.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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Description

说 明 书
一种导航信号调制方法
技术领域 本发明涉及卫星导航系统信号体制设计与信号生成领域,特别是上下边带承载不同 服务的导航信号恒包络调制方法。 背景技术 信号体制是卫星导航系统体制的核心, 决定了导航系统的先天性能。 倘若信号体制 设计存在缺陷, 即使地面段、 空间段和用户段的设备再好, 系统的性能仍会存在先天不 足, 妨碍导航系统的推广与应用。 调制方式是导航信号体制研究的重点, 它决定了导航信号的功率谱包络, 对导航系 统的定位测速授时精度、 兼容和互操作性、 抗干扰能力等关键性能和指标起着决定性的 作用。在 GPS现代化和伽利略(Galileo)信号设计过程中, 调制方式设计是业界关注的 焦点。 目前, 卫星导航信号调制已经由第一代 GPS采用的 BPSK调制扩展到了 BOC、 CBOC、 TMBOC、 AltBOC等多种新的调制方式并存的格局。 其中, AltBOC调制方式 具备在上下边带承载不同服务的能力, 既可独立接收处理单边带信号达到传统 BPSK信 号性能, 也可联合处理以实现更高的定位精度, 已经被 COMPASS全球系统采纳为 B2 频点下行信号的调制方式基线。
AltBOC 是一种上下边带可以调制不同伪码的类 BOC 调制方式, 它的概念最早于 2000年提出, 目的是为了满足在 El、 E2频带上共用一个高功放传送两路导航信号的需 求。 然而, 由于非恒包络问题以及 L1 频带的信号规划调整, AltBOC调制方式并未在 L1频带上得到采用。 2001年, 法国航天局 (CNES) 提出了 4伪码恒包络 AltBOC调制 方式, 并被采纳为 GalileoE5a、 E5b频带导航信号的调制方式。 在北斗 (COMPASS)系统中, 采用中心频率为 1191.795MHz的 AltBOC(15,10)调制 方式, 下边带中心频率为 1176.45MHz, 上边带中心频率为 1207.14MHz, 既可实现与 GalileoE5、 GPSL5C信号的互操作, 又可兼顾与 COMPASS区域系统 B2信号的兼容问 题。 然而, 为了实现 4伪码恒包络调制, Galileo提出的 AltBOC调制方式将基带波形的 转换速率提升到了子载波的 8倍, 子载波的电平数提升为 4电平, 并且插入了乘积项。 基带转换速率和子载波电平数的增加, 无疑会成倍增加信号产生、 接收的复杂度。 乘积 项的引入, 使得复用效率降低, 从一定程度上降低了信号性能。 CNES通过巧妙的设计 使得子载波频率附近的信号分量未降低,使得当接收机仅接收主瓣功率的情况下性能无 损失。 但是, 由于子载波的谐波分量仅调制了无用的乘积信号, 降低了大带宽接收条件 下的性能。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种导航信号调制方法, 该方法具有信号接收处理灵活、 多 路复用效率更高、 信号产生和接收处理复杂度低的优点。 一种导航信号调制方法, 具体为-
( 1 ) 对控制时钟 CLK0 分频得到伪码生成驱动时钟 CLK1 和时分复用控制时钟 CLK2, 控制时钟 CLK0的频率为二进制子载波频率的 4倍, 伪码生成驱动时钟 CLK1 的频率为码速率的 1/2, 时分复用控制时钟 CLK2的频率等值于码速率;
(2) CLK1驱动产生上边带数据通道伪码 cBD、下边带数据通道伪码 CAD和导频通道 伪码 cP, CLK0驱动产生二进制正弦子载波 SCB,sin和二进制余弦子载波 SCB,ras;
(3 ) 下边带数据 dA调制 CAD得到下边带数据通道基带信号分量 CA; 上边带数据波 形 dB调制 cBD得到上边带数据通道基带信号分量 CB ;
(4) 子载波调制-
(41 ) CA取反后与 CB相加,再与 SCB,sin相乘,得到数据通道在 Q支路的信号分量; CA与 CB相加, 再与 SCB,ras相乘, 得到数据通道在 I支路的信号分量; CP乘以 2, 再与 SCB,ras相乘, 得到导频通道在 I支路的信号分量;
(42)当 CLK2处于奇数码片时隙内,则将数据通道在 Q支路的信号分量作为基带 信号 Q支路信号分量, 以及将数据通道在 I支路的信号分量作为基带信号 I支路信号分 量; 当 CLK2处于偶数码片时隙内, 则将零信号作为基带信号 Q支路信号分量, 以及将 导频通道在 I支路的信号分量作为基带信号 I支路信号分量; (5 )基带信号 Q支路信号分量调制正弦相位载波, 基带信号 I支路信号分量调制余 弦相位载波, 两支路的调制结果合成得到调制射频信号。
所述步骤(4)依据当前的 CA、 CB和 CP值在调制映射表中查询其对应的基带信号
Q支路分量和基带信号 I支路分量; 所述调制映射表的构建方法为: 将所有可能的 CA、 CB和 CP值进行组合, 对每一个组合按照步骤(41 )〜(43 )处理, 得到每个组合对应的 基带信号 Q支路分量和基带信号 I支路分量,记录每个组合及其对应的的 Q支路分量和 I支路分量, 构建得到调制映射表。
实现所述导航信号调制方法的调制系统, 包括
顺序相接的第一乘法器 3、 第一减法器 4、 第二乘法器 7、 第一时分复用器 11 ; 及 顺序相接的第四乘法器 2、 第二加法器 5、 第五乘法器 8、 第二时分复用器 12; 及 顺序相接的第七乘法器 6和第八乘法器 9; 及
分别连接第一乘法器 3、 第四乘法器 2和第七乘法器 6的伪码生成器 1 ; 及 连接伪码生成器 1的第一分频器 17; 及
分别连接第二乘法器 7、 第五乘法器 8和第五乘法器 9的子载波生成器; 及 分别连接第一时分复用器 11和第二时分复用器 12的第二分频器 18;
所述第一乘法器 3连接第二加法器 5, 第四乘法器 2连接第一减法器 4, 所述第八 乘法器 9连接第二时分复用器 12,所述第一时分复用器 11和第二时分复用器 12连接射 频调制器, 所述第一时分复用器 11还接收零信号输入;
实现所述导航信号调制方法的调制系统, 包括
相接的分频器 24和伪码生成器 19, 伪码生成器 19通过第一异或器 20连接基带 调制模块 26的第一输入端,伪码生成器 19通过第二异或器 21连接基带调制模块 26的 第二输入端,伪码生成器 19还连接基带调制模块 26的第三输入端, TD-AltBOC基带调 制模块 26的两个输出端连接射频调制器。 本发明的技术效果体现在:
本发明 TD-AltBOC调制信号的时域特征如下,在奇数时隙内, I、 Q支路基带波形由 上边带数据通道伪码 CBD和下边带数据通道伪码 决定, 当 CBD=0, (^=0时, I支路基带 波形表现为二进制余弦子载波, Q支路基带波形为 0; 当 CBD=0, (^=0时, I支路基带波 形表现为反相二进制余弦子载波, Q支路基带波形为 0; 当 CBD=0, (^=1时, I支路基带 波形为 0, Q支路基带波形表现为二进制正弦子载波; 当 CBD=1, (^=0时, I支路基带波 形为 0, Q支路基带波形表现为反相二进制正弦子载波。在偶数时隙内, Q支路基带波形 为 0, I支路基带波形由导频通道伪码 CP决定, 当 CP=0时, I支路基带波形表现为二进 制余弦子载波, 当 CP=1时, I支路基带波形表现为反相二进制余弦子载波。 TD-AltBOC 调制信号的基带波形如图 5所示。 TD_AltB0C (15, 10)调制的基带信号波形如图 5所示,
TD-AltBOC调制信号的功率谱包含两个主瓣, 一个主瓣的谱峰位于载波频率加子载 波频率处, 主要为上边带信号分量, 另一个主瓣的谱峰位于载波频率减子载波频率处, 主要为下边带信号分量。 TD-AltBOC (15,10)调制信号的归一化功率谱如图 6所示。
TD-AltBOC调制信号具有良好的接收灵活性。上边带信号可以看作中心频率数值等 于载波频率加子载波频率的 BPSK (Rc)调制信号,下边带信号可以看作中心频率数值等于 载波频率减子载波频率的 BPSK (Rc)调制信号。 上、 下边带信号可以分别接收, 获得与 BPSK (Rc)相当的接收性能; 上、 下边带信号也可以联合接收, 获得与 B0C (fs, Rc)相当 的接收性能。
TD-AltBOC调制信号具有 100%的复用效率。采用时分技术, 实现了上下边带的 4个 信号分量的恒包络复用, 没有引入乘积信号分量, 不存在复用损耗。
复杂度方面, TD-AltBOC 的上下边带导频通道共用伪码, 双边带联合接收等价为余 弦 B0C调制, 导频信号跟踪所需的伪码产生器和相关器数目可以降低一半; TD-AltBOC 的子载波符号转换速率为子载波频率的四倍, 而 AltBOC的子载波符号转换速率为子载 波频率的八倍, 信号生成所需的基带处理速率降低一半; TD-AltBOC的子载波波形为 2 电平, AltBOC的子载波波形为 4电平, 匹配接收时单个相关器消耗的硬件资源更低; TD-AltBOC调制信号的数据通道和导频通道分时出现, 一些消耗硬件资源较大的基本单 元 (如乘法器) 可以实现分时复用, 从而提高资源利用率、 降低硬件资源消耗。 因此, TD-AltBOC信号的产生和接收复杂度远低于 AltBOC信号。
附图说明
图 1 TD-AltBOC信号分量传送时序关系。
图 2 TD-AltBOC调制信号生成框图。
图 3 TD-AltBOC调制信号生成实施方案。
图 4为 TD-AltBOC调制星座图及信号波形。
具体实施方式
本发明结合逐码片时分复用方式和 2信号 AltBOC调制方式,解决了 4信号的恒包络 调制问题, 命名为时分 AltBOC方式, 简写为 TD-AltBOC。 一、 TD-AltBOC原理
TD-AltBOC(m,n)调制的参数定义: m表示子载波频率相对基准频率 fD 的倍数, 即 fs = mxf0 , n表示码速率相对基准频率 fD的倍数, 即 Rc = nxf0
TD-AltBOC调制将信号传送时间分为奇、偶两个时隙,时隙宽度等于伪码码片宽度, 奇数时隙传送上、 下边带的数据通道信号分量, 偶数时隙传送上、 下边带的导频通道信 号分量。 信号分量传送的时序关系如图 1所示。
图 1中, B2b_D表示上边带数据通道信号分量, B2b_P表示上边带导频通道信号分量, B2a_D表示下边带数据通道信号分量, B2a_P表示下边带导频通道信号分量。
TD-AltBOC调制基带信号的数学表达式为
Figure imgf000007_0001
(t)]
+ [dB {t)cBD (t) + cBP (t)][sCBi∞s (t) + j'SCB,sm (t)] 式中, 为下边带数据通道调制的数据位波形, 为下边带数据通道伪码波形, 为下边带数据通道伪码波形, 为上边带数据通道调制的数据位波形, cBDW为 上边带数据通道伪码波形, 为上边带数据通道伪码波形, 。 )为二进制余弦子 载波, ^^)为二进制正弦子载波。 它们分别为
Figure imgf000007_0002
cBD(t)=∑ ∑ CBD{k)p{t-{2NBDl + 2k)Tc) cBP(t)=∑ ∑ CBP{k)p{t-{2NBP + 2k + \)Tc)
Figure imgf000007_0003
式中, 为下边带数据通道伪码序列(取值为 ±1), 为下边带导频通道伪码序列, CSD 为上边带数据通道伪码序列, CSP为上边带导频通道伪码序列, NAD、 NAP、 NBD、 NBP 别为 C^、 CAP、 CAP、 CSP的码长, 7:为伪码码片宽度, p( 为矩形脉冲, 表示符 号运算, /s为子载波频率 (B2信号为 15X1.023MHz)。 p( 定义如下
Figure imgf000008_0001
TD-AltBOC调制信号的星座图及信号波形如图 4所示。
图 4中, CA、 Cs分别表示某一时隙传送的下边带伪码和上边带伪码。 在当前时隙为 奇数时隙时, CA = dACAD, CB = dBCBD , 在当前时隙为偶数时隙时, CA = GAP, CB = GBP。 实 线描绘的信号波形为同相支路波形, 虚线描绘的信号波形为正交支路波形。
若上下边带采用相同码序列, 即^ = ^时, TD-AltBOC调制基带信号的表达式为 {t)cAD {t)+dB {t)cBD {t)]scBt∞s (
+ j[-dA {t)cAD {t) + dB {t) cBD {t)]SCBtSm {t)
+ 2cBP{t)SCB^{t) 即, 偶数时隙只可能在同相支路上出现二进制余弦子载波。
若上下边带采用相反码序列, 即^=-^时, TD-AltBOC调制基带信号的表达式为 {t)cAD {t)+dB {t)cBD {t)]scBt∞s (
+ j[-dA {t)cAD {t) + dB {t) cBD {t)]SCBtSm {t)
+ 2jcBP(t)SCBiSm (t) 即, 偶数时隙只可能在正交支路上出现二进制正弦子载波。
为了降低信号接收处理复杂度并优化接收性能, 本发明采用上下边带导频通道伪码 相同的 TD-AltBOC方案。 数学表达式为
= [dA (t)cAD {t) + dB {t)cBD (t)]SCB^s (?)
+ j[-dA (t)cAD (t) + dB (t)cBD (t)]SCBfim (t) (1)
当 2 f Tc为奇数时, TD-AltBOC信号的归一化功率谱为
Figure imgf000008_0002
Figure imgf000008_0003
当 2 fs.Tc为偶数时, TD-AltBOC信号的归一化功率谱为 J )
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000009_0002
二、 信号生成流程
图 2给出了一个基准频率 fD=1.023MHz的 TD-AltBOC(15,10)信号生成实例,具体包 含如下步骤:
以 4 倍于子载波频率的时钟作为 TD-AltBOC 基带信号产生的统一控制时钟信号 CLK0。
1) 将控制时钟经分频器 17作十二分频产生伪码生成器的驱动时钟 CLK1;
2) 以码速率 Rc的一半产生上边带数据通道伪码 cBD (取值为 +1或 -1)、 下边带数据 通道伪码 CAD (取值为 +1或 -1)和导频通道伪码 cP (取值为 +1或 -1);
3) 将下边带数据的二进制非归零波形 dA ( 1表示数据位 0,-1表示数据位 1 )与下边 带数据通道伪码 CAD经乘法器 3相乘;
4) 将上边带数据的二进制非归零波形 dB ( 1表示数据位 0,-1表示数据位 1 )与上边 带数据通道伪码 cBD经乘法器 2相乘;
5) 乘法器 3的输出反号后与乘法器 2的输出通过加法器 4相加(相当于减法器) ;
6) 乘法器 3的输出与乘法器 2的输出通过加法器 5相加;
7) 伪码产生器的导频通道伪码输出经乘法器 6乘以 2;
8) 以 CLK0驱动子载波生成器产生二进制正弦子载波 SCB,sin和二进制余弦子载波
9) 乘法器 6的输出经乘法器 9与二进制余弦子载波 SCB,es相乘, 得到导频通道在 I支路的信号分量, 注意到导频通道在 Q支路的信号分量恒为 0;
10)加法器 5的输出经乘法器 8与二进制余弦子载波 SCB,es相乘, 得到数据通道在 I支路的信号分量;
11)加法器 4的输出经乘法器 7与二进制正弦子载波 SCB,sin相乘, 得到数据通道在 Q支路的信号分量; 12)将乘法器 7的输出和 0作为时分复用器 11的两个输入;
13)将乘法器 8的输出和乘法器 9的输出作为时分复用器 12的两个输入;
14)将基带时钟 CLK0经分频器 18分频作六分频后得到时分复用器控制时钟 CLK2;
15)在时钟 CLK2的控制下, 时分复用器 11和时分复用器 12完成数据通道和导频 通道的同步切换, 当处于奇数码片时隙内时, 时分复用器 11输出数据通道在 Q 支路的信号分量, 时分复用器 12输出数据通道在 I支路的信号分量; 当处于偶 数码片时隙内时, 时分复用器 11输出 0, 时分复用器 12输出导频通道在 I支路 的信号分量。时分复用器 11的输出为合成信号的 Q支路信号分量, 时分复用器 12的输出为合成信号的 I支路信号分量。
16)用时分复用器 11输出 Q支路基带信号调制正弦相位载波, 得到射频信号的 Q 支路分量;
17)用时分复用器 12输出 Q支路基带信号调制余弦相位载波, 得到射频信号的 I支 路分量;
18)将射频信号的 Q支路分量和 I支路分量合成在一起即可得到 TD-AltBOC调制射 频信号。
实例中乘法器 13和 14以及加法器 15一起构成了射频调制器, 本发明不局限于该 形式, 还可使用专用的 QPSK调制器来实现射频调制, 分频器 17和 18的分频数目也不 局限于本实例提到的分频数, 当子载波频率和码速率控制参数发生变化时, 分频器 17 和 18的分频数应相应改变,分频器 17的分频数为 8*m/n,分频器 18的分频数为 4*m/n。
三、 一种优选的 TD-AltBOC实施方案
如图 3所示, 包含如下步骤:
1) 以统一的基带时钟 CLK00作为 TD-AltBOC调制的驱动时钟;
2) 将时钟 CLK00经分频器 24分频完成 12分频, 作为伪码生成器的驱动时钟;
3) 伪码生成器以码速率 Rc的一半产生上边带数据通道伪码 CBD、下边带数据通道 伪码 CAD和导频通道伪码 CP; 与图 2所示的方法不同, 本方法输出的伪码序列 取值为 0或者 1, 分别对应图 2所示方法的 1和 -1 ;
4) 将下边带数据 DA与下边带数据通道伪码 CAD经二进制加法器 20进行异或操作, 得到下边带数据通道复合码 CA;
5) 将上边带数据 DB与上边带数据通道伪码 CBD经二进制加法器 21进行异或操作, 得到上边带数据通道复合码 CB;
6) 以下边带数据通道复合码 CA、 上边带数据通道复合码 CB和导频通道伪码 CP作 为查表单元 26的输入, 查找对应的 I、 Q分量幅度序列, 并经过脉冲调制获得 I支路基带波形和 Q支路基带波形。 查表单元 26包括由 I支路查找表和 Q支路 查找表构成的调制映射表, 分别如表 1和表 2所示。
7) 用 Q支路基带波形调制正弦相位载波, I支路基带波形调制余弦载波, 合成输 出 TD-AltBOC调制信号。 表 1 I支路查找表
Figure imgf000011_0001
表 1和 2的构建基于图 2中的子载波调制原理, 即将所有可能的 CA、 CB和 CP值进 行组合,对每一个组合进行相同方式的子载波调制,得到每个组合对应的基带信号 Q支 路分量和基带信号 I支路分量, 记录每个组合及其对应的的 Q支路分量和 I支路分量, 构建得到调制映射表。 表 1禾 P 2针对 TD-AltBOCC15,10)调制构建, 适合于 fs/Rc=1.5的情况, 其他情况下 的表格可以按如下方式构建:
( 1 ) 将 CA,CB,CP按如下规则映射为 cA,cB,cP
Figure imgf000012_0001
(2) 当 η取值为 0,1, 4fs/Rc-l时, 按下式计算 I支路输出 和 Q支路输出
SQ
Figure imgf000012_0002
当 n取值为 4fs/Rc, ……, 4fs/Rc-l时, 按下式计算 I支路输出 St和 Q支路输出
Figure imgf000012_0003
SQ (n) = 0

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种导航信号调制方法, 具体为:
( 1 ) 对控制时钟 CLK0 分频得到伪码生成驱动时钟 CLK1 和时分复用控制时钟 CLK2, 控制时钟 CLK0的频率为二进制子载波频率的 4倍, 伪码生成驱动时钟 CLK1 的频率为码速率的 1/2, 时分复用控制时钟 CLK2的频率等值于码速率;
(2) CLK1驱动产生上边带数据通道伪码 cBD、下边带数据通道伪码 cAD和导频通道 伪码 CP, CLK0驱动产生二进制正弦子载波 SCB,sin和二进制余弦子载波 SCB,CS ;
( 3 ) 下边带数据 dA调制 cAD得到下边带数据通道基带信号分量 CA; 上边带数据波 形 dB调制 cBD得到上边带数据通道基带信号分量 CB ;
(4) 子载波调制:
(41 ) CA取反后与 CB相加,再与 SCB,sin相乘,得到数据通道在 Q支路的信号分量; CA与 CB相加, 再与 SCB,ras相乘, 得到数据通道在 I支路的信号分量; CP乘以 2, 再与 SCB,cos相乘, 得到导频通道在 I支路的信号分量;
(42)当 CLK2处于奇数码片时隙内,则将数据通道在 Q支路的信号分量作为基带 信号 Q支路信号分量, 以及将数据通道在 I支路的信号分量作为基带信号 I支路信号分 量; 当 CLK2处于偶数码片时隙内, 则将零信号作为基带信号 Q支路信号分量, 以及将 导频通道在 I支路的信号分量作为基带信号 I支路信号分量;
( 5 )基带信号 Q支路信号分量调制正弦相位载波, 基带信号 I支路信号分量调制余 弦相位载波, 两支路的调制结果合成得到调制射频信号。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的导航信号调制方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(4)依据当 前的 CA、 CB和 CP值在调制映射表中查询其对应的基带信号 Q支路分量和基带信号 I 支路分量;
所述调制映射表的构建方法为: 将所有可能的 CA、 CB和 CP值进行组合, 对每一个 组合按照步骤 (41 ) ~ (43 ) 处理, 得到每个组合对应的基带信号 Q支路分量和基带信 号 I支路分量, 记录每个组合及其对应的的 Q支路分量和 I支路分量, 构建得到调制映 射表。
3、 实现权利要求 1所述导航信号调制方法的调制系统, 包括
顺序相接的第一乘法器 (3)、 第一减法器 (4)、 第二乘法器 (7)、 第一时分复用 器 (11 ); 及
顺序相接的第四乘法器 (2)、 第二加法器 (5)、 第五乘法器 (8)、 第二时分复用器 ( 12); 及
顺序相接的第七乘法器 (6) 和第八乘法器 (9); 及
分别连接第一乘法器(3)、第四乘法器(2)和第七乘法器(6)的伪码生成器(1 ); 及
连接伪码生成器 (1 ) 的第一分频器 (17); 及
分别连接第二乘法器 (7)、 第五乘法器 (8) 和第五乘法器 (9) 的子载波生成器; 及
分别连接第一时分复用器 (11 ) 和第二时分复用器 (12) 的第二分频器 (18); 所述第一乘法器(3)连接第二加法器(5), 第四乘法器(2)连接第一减法器(4), 所述第八乘法器 (9) 连接第二时分复用器 (12), 所述第一时分复用器 (11 )和第二时 分复用器 (12) 连接射频调制器, 所述第一时分复用器 (11 ) 还接收零信号输入;
4、 实现权利要求 2所述导航信号调制方法的调制系统, 包括
相接的分频器(24)和伪码生成器(19), 伪码生成器(19)通过第一异或器(20) 连接基带调制模块 (26) 的第一输入端, 伪码生成器 (19)通过第二异或器 (21 ) 连接 基带调制模块 (26) 的第二输入端, 伪码生成器 (19)还连接基带调制模块 (26) 的第 三输入端, TD-AltBOC基带调制模块 (26) 的两个输出端连接射频调制器。
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