WO2012141607A1 - Gold and silver extraction technology - Google Patents

Gold and silver extraction technology Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012141607A1
WO2012141607A1 PCT/RO2012/000005 RO2012000005W WO2012141607A1 WO 2012141607 A1 WO2012141607 A1 WO 2012141607A1 RO 2012000005 W RO2012000005 W RO 2012000005W WO 2012141607 A1 WO2012141607 A1 WO 2012141607A1
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Prior art keywords
gold
copper
silver
leaching
solution
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PCT/RO2012/000005
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French (fr)
Inventor
Viorel Alexandru MALUSEL
Ioan Florentin POPA
Jack Goldstein
Liana Rozica OSANU
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Priority to US14/003,835 priority Critical patent/US9175411B2/en
Priority to EA201370203A priority patent/EA201370203A1/en
Priority to EP12731764.2A priority patent/EP2683840B1/en
Priority to AU2012243490A priority patent/AU2012243490A1/en
Priority to CA2829663A priority patent/CA2829663C/en
Publication of WO2012141607A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012141607A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C25C1/20—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of noble metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for chemical extraction of gold and silver from ores, refractory pyritic concentrates, flotation tailings and metallurgical slag by using as reagent a sodium thiosulphate solution in the presence of ammoniac and of a bivalent copper salt as catalyst and their separation form the solution and the recycling the reagents used in the leaching process.
  • the leaching of a Nevada ore type having 24.1 ppm Au is performed in autoclaves with a suspension containing 25 g/1 ammonium thiosulphate at a solid: liquid ratio of 1:3 and an oxygen pressure of 100 arm and a temperature of 20-60°C.
  • the duration of the process is of 6 hours and the gold leaching efficiency is of 81%.
  • the gold ore with 2.48 ppm Au coarse milled and placed in plastic columns, sprayed with an aerated solution containing 15 g/1 ammonium thiosulphate at a spray rate of 12-130 1 h m 2 and a temperature of 22°C, a leaching efficiency of gold of 71% is achieved after 34 days.
  • the ore containing 6 ppm Au is oxidized in alkaline solution in autoclaves under an oxygen pressure at 210 -225°C.
  • the suspension obtained is alkalized to pH 9 with ammonia solution and extracted with a solution containing 14.7 g /l thiosulphate and lg 1 copper.
  • Gold and silver are leached with an efficiency of 80% and separated by cementation with zinc, copper or aluminium.
  • the pure metals are extracted from the cement by conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes.
  • the leaching of ore having a content of 17g/l gold is done with an ammonium thiosulfate solution containing 0.2 m CuS0 4 » 5H 2 0 300 mg / 1 and NH 4 OH 0.9 m lasts 24 hours at an efficiency of 90.7%.
  • the leached gold is retained on the resin DOWEX21K and the thiosulfate consumption is of 17.8 kg/t ore.
  • the thermal problem that the present invention aims to solve is the exploitation of low-grade materials having a content of minimum 1 ppm Au and the recirculation within the system of the reagents used in the leaching process of gold and silver and finally to extract these pure metals.
  • the solution resulting after the alkaline electrolysis process with 1 ppm Au and 0.2 g/1 Cu, is corrected to the baseline values and recycled in the leaching process of gold and silver.
  • the copper cement and the precious metals separated from the electrolysis cell undergo a chemical refinery process with a hot (70-90°C) acid leaching process in a sulphuric acid solution, bubbled with air, at a solid: liquid ratio of 1 :5 - 1 : 10 for 2-4 hours.
  • the copper contained in the cement goes into the solution with an efficiency of 80-90% resulting a solution of copper sulphate and gold and silver remain in the sludge which contains 5-7% Au and 12- 15% Ag.
  • the sludge is collected, filtered, washed with water and dried at 105°C.
  • the processing method of this sludge in order to obtain Au-Ag alloy (dore alloy) is the classic alkaline melting and the refining to pure metal is done by the electrochemical method and the result is gold and silver of 99.9% purity.
  • the resulting sludge (2500 kg) is washed with 0.2-0.3 cubic meter water and it results a siliceous residue without toxic impurities.
  • the filtrate solution is adjusted with NH 4 OH to pH 9-10 and returned to the leaching process of the siliceous ore, up to a minimum content of 5mg/l Au, and then it undergoes an electrolysis on high-alloyed steel anodes at a current density of 3-3.5 A/dm 2 .
  • the electrolysis process is considered as finished, when the gold concentration of the electrolyte does not exceed 1 mg/1 (12-14 hours).
  • the sludge containing copper, gold and silver, that drops from the cathode in the electrolytic cell undergoes a leaching process for copper in sulphuric acid.
  • the operation is performed in a reactor with stirring and heating jacket, made of enamelled cast iron or steel antacid protected with lead.
  • the operation is performed at a temperature of 85-95°C and a solid: liquid ratio of 1:5 -1:10, using a sulphuric acid solution with a concentration of 30-40%, bubbled with air.
  • the suspension resulting after 2-4 hours of reaction is filtered hot (50°C).
  • the resulted acid solution of copper sulphate having a content of 95-120 g/1 Cu and 30-200 g/1 H 2 S0 4 is crystallized by cooling it when CuS0 4 » 5H 2 0 is separated as a crystalline product.
  • the copper sulphate resulted is used in the leaching process of the raw material in order to correct the copper content of the solution resulting after the electrochemical separation of the cement containing copper, gold, silver.
  • the sludge resulting from filtering the suspension is filtered, washed with water and dried at 105°C and it has a content of 6.2% Au and 13.5% Ag.
  • the sludge After drying, the sludge is mixed with sodium carbonate and active coal at a ratio of 1:3:0.5 and melted in a graphite crucible at a temperature of 1150- 1200°C.
  • the Au-Ag alloy (dore alloy) is casted as anodes and undergoes the conventional electrochemical and thermal refining operations in order to obtain pure gold and silver.
  • the global efficiency of operation ore - metal is of 78.2% for gold and of 76.1% for silver.
  • the raw material is a pyritic concentrate containing 10 ppm Au and 40 ppm Ag.
  • the global efficiency ore-pure metal is in this case of 82.2% for gold and of 81.5% for silver.
  • the gold and silver extraction method is not toxic, it does not generate wastewater or toxic gas emissions.
  • the method is applicable for obtaining gold and silver from refractory low-grade pyritic ores and concentrates in alkaline cyanide extraction, ensuring the recirculation of all reagents in the raw material leaching process.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for chemical extraction of gold and silver from low grade and refractory pyritic concentrates containing minimum 1 ppm Au, by their leaching in enamelled cast iron reactors, steel plated lead or plastic coated steel, at room temperature, in ammoniac solutions (pH 8-10) of sodium thiosulfate (50-60 g/l Na2S203• 5 H2O) with a divalent copper salt as catalyst (3-4 g/l Cu).The suspension resulting after 2- 4 hours of reaction is filtered. The thiosulfate solution containing minimum 5 mg /l undergoes an electrolysis process with insoluble anodes. Copper, gold and silver is deposited in the cell as a sludge, and the electrolyte having a maximum content of Au of l mg/l, is recycled to the leaching operation of raw material, after correction of copper content and alkalinity to the baseline values. The copper, gold and silver deposit, separated as a sludge, is purified by leaching copper in a solution of 30-40% sulphuric acid at a solid: liquid ratio of 1:5 - 1:10, at a temperature of 85 - 90°C for 2-4 hours under air bubbling. The suspension is filtered. The copper leached as CuSO4•5H2O returns to the extraction process of gold and silver.

Description

GOLD AND SILVER EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
The present invention relates to a process for chemical extraction of gold and silver from ores, refractory pyritic concentrates, flotation tailings and metallurgical slag by using as reagent a sodium thiosulphate solution in the presence of ammoniac and of a bivalent copper salt as catalyst and their separation form the solution and the recycling the reagents used in the leaching process.
There are known methods for gold and silver extraction by leaching pyritic ores and concentrates in alkaline thiosulfate solutions by prior oxidation under oxygen pressure in basic or acid solutions, by biochemical reactions, oxidation reactions with chlorine or chlorates, by direct leaching in the presence of copper or nickel as activators. The separation of gold and silver from thiosulphate solutions is achieved by adsorption on ion exchangers, activate carbon, electrochemical processes, by cementation on copper, zinc or aluminium, by precipitation with alkaline sulphides. The extraction of pure metals is achieved by a reducing alkaline melting and electrochemical refining.
For example: in the Canadian patent 02412352/2002, the leaching of a Nevada ore type having 24.1 ppm Au (example 1) is performed in autoclaves with a suspension containing 25 g/1 ammonium thiosulphate at a solid: liquid ratio of 1:3 and an oxygen pressure of 100 arm and a temperature of 20-60°C. The duration of the process is of 6 hours and the gold leaching efficiency is of 81%. Under the conditions of example 10, the gold ore with 2.48 ppm Au, coarse milled and placed in plastic columns, sprayed with an aerated solution containing 15 g/1 ammonium thiosulphate at a spray rate of 12-130 1 h m2 and a temperature of 22°C, a leaching efficiency of gold of 71% is achieved after 34 days.
In the Canadian patent 02209559/2001, the ore containing 6 ppm Au is oxidized in alkaline solution in autoclaves under an oxygen pressure at 210 -225°C. The suspension obtained is alkalized to pH 9 with ammonia solution and extracted with a solution containing 14.7 g /l thiosulphate and lg 1 copper. Gold and silver are leached with an efficiency of 80% and separated by cementation with zinc, copper or aluminium. The pure metals are extracted from the cement by conventional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes.
In the U.S. patent 2003/0051581, gold leaching is done with a solution 0,1 m ammonium thiosulfate and 500 mg 1 bivalent copper ions. The extraction of metals gold, silver and copper from the thiosulfate solution is achieved with ion exchange resin (IRA 93 or IRA 410), when gold concentrates to 9kg/t resin. In the patent WO 2007/053947 the leaching process of gold from pyrites takes place in two phases, that is: in the first phase the ore compounds are oxidized with oxygen in autoclaves at 100 arm in a suspension of diluted sulphuric acid. The oxidized ore, washed with water and regenerated with a 0.1 m solution of sodium sulphite at a solid: liquid ratio of 1:2.5, according to Example 5, after 4 hours of stirring at a temperature of 70°C a solution of 7.39 g/1 sodium thiosulphate is produced, which provides an efficiency of 81% of the gold leaching process.
In the patent WO 2007/098603, the leaching of ore having a content of 17g/l gold is done with an ammonium thiosulfate solution containing 0.2 m CuS04 »5H20 300 mg / 1 and NH4OH 0.9 m lasts 24 hours at an efficiency of 90.7%. The leached gold is retained on the resin DOWEX21K and the thiosulfate consumption is of 17.8 kg/t ore.
These methods have the following disadvantages:
□ in the first stage an oxidation process of pyritic ore or concentrates takes places at high temperatures and pressures in autoclaves in alkaline or acid solutions.
□ the thiosulphate solution used for extraction of gold and silver is not recycled in the process, that means that a residual solution is produced that requires further purification.
□ they provide a low concentration of gold in the final product.
□ they are energy-intensive technologies.
The thermal problem that the present invention aims to solve is the exploitation of low-grade materials having a content of minimum 1 ppm Au and the recirculation within the system of the reagents used in the leaching process of gold and silver and finally to extract these pure metals.
The solution of the above-mentioned technical problem consists in the treatment of raw materials containing a minimum of 1 ppm Au, under stirring, with a solution resulting from the operation of electrochemical separation of gold, silver and copper, containing: 50 -60g/l Na2S203, 5:20, 0.1 - 0.2 g/1 Cu, 5-7g l (NH4)S04, lg/1 NH3, corrected to 3- 4 g/1 Cu and 3g/l NH3 (pH = 10), at a solid: liquid ratio of 1:1 - 1:1.5 for 2-4 hours at a temperature of 15-25°C. After filtering the resulting suspension results a residue which, in the absence of common metals, can be used as filler in construction, or otherwise as a raw material for their recovery. The solution resulting from the leaching process, after prior recirculation to a minimum of 10 ppm Au + Ag, undergoes an electrochemical extraction with insoluble electrodes when settles a copper cement that has a content of 5.000 -12.000 ppm Au and 25.000 -80.000 ppm Ag.
The solution resulting after the alkaline electrolysis process with 1 ppm Au and 0.2 g/1 Cu, is corrected to the baseline values and recycled in the leaching process of gold and silver. The copper cement and the precious metals separated from the electrolysis cell, undergo a chemical refinery process with a hot (70-90°C) acid leaching process in a sulphuric acid solution, bubbled with air, at a solid: liquid ratio of 1 :5 - 1 : 10 for 2-4 hours.
By acid leaching, the copper contained in the cement goes into the solution with an efficiency of 80-90% resulting a solution of copper sulphate and gold and silver remain in the sludge which contains 5-7% Au and 12- 15% Ag. The sludge is collected, filtered, washed with water and dried at 105°C. The processing method of this sludge in order to obtain Au-Ag alloy (dore alloy) is the classic alkaline melting and the refining to pure metal is done by the electrochemical method and the result is gold and silver of 99.9% purity.
The reactions taking place in the process are:
1. ½ 02→V2 02" + 2e
2. Cu(NH3)2+ + 2H20 + e→ Cu(NH3)2 + + 2Ν¾ΟΗ
3. Cu(NH3)2 + + 2S203 2- + 2H20→Cu(S203)2 3' + 2NH4OH
4. Cu(S203)2 3" + Au→Au(S203)2 3- + Cu
5. Cu(S203)2 3- + Ag→ Ag(S203)2 3- + Cu
6. Au(S203)2 3" - e→Au + (S203)2 2'
7. Ag(S203)2 3- - e→ Ag + (S203)2 2'
8. Cu(S203)2 3- - e→ Cu + (S203)2 2-
9. Cu-Au-Ag + H2S04 + ½ 02→ Cu S04 + Au-Ag + H20
10. CuS04 + N¾OH→ Cu(NH3)2+ + S04 2" + H20
We give below two examples on the implementation of the invention: Example 1.
In a reactor made of plastic or enamelled cast iron with a capacity of 4 cubic meters, equipped with a stirring system are placed 3 cubic meters of a solution resulting from alkaline electrolysis, containing: 0.1-0.2 g / 1 Cu , 5- 10 g / 1 (NH4)2S04, 1.5 - 3.0 g / 1 NH4OH, 50-60 g l\ Na2S2Os, 5:20. It is corrected to 3-4 g / 1 Cu, 50-60 g / Na2S203 «5H20, 3g/l NH4OH and 2500 kg siliceous ore containing 1.8 ppm Au and 18.6 ppm Ag. The suspension is stirred for 3 hours with by bubbling 5 cubic meter/h air and filtered on a rotary vacuum filter.
The resulting sludge (2500 kg) is washed with 0.2-0.3 cubic meter water and it results a siliceous residue without toxic impurities. The filtrate solution is adjusted with NH4OH to pH 9-10 and returned to the leaching process of the siliceous ore, up to a minimum content of 5mg/l Au, and then it undergoes an electrolysis on high-alloyed steel anodes at a current density of 3-3.5 A/dm2. The electrolysis process is considered as finished, when the gold concentration of the electrolyte does not exceed 1 mg/1 (12-14 hours).
After a number of 5 cycles of electrolysis, the sludge containing copper, gold and silver, that drops from the cathode in the electrolytic cell undergoes a leaching process for copper in sulphuric acid. The operation is performed in a reactor with stirring and heating jacket, made of enamelled cast iron or steel antacid protected with lead. The operation is performed at a temperature of 85-95°C and a solid: liquid ratio of 1:5 -1:10, using a sulphuric acid solution with a concentration of 30-40%, bubbled with air. The suspension resulting after 2-4 hours of reaction is filtered hot (50°C). The resulted acid solution of copper sulphate having a content of 95-120 g/1 Cu and 30-200 g/1 H2S04 is crystallized by cooling it when CuS04 »5H20 is separated as a crystalline product. The copper sulphate resulted is used in the leaching process of the raw material in order to correct the copper content of the solution resulting after the electrochemical separation of the cement containing copper, gold, silver. The sludge resulting from filtering the suspension is filtered, washed with water and dried at 105°C and it has a content of 6.2% Au and 13.5% Ag.
After drying, the sludge is mixed with sodium carbonate and active coal at a ratio of 1:3:0.5 and melted in a graphite crucible at a temperature of 1150- 1200°C. The Au-Ag alloy (dore alloy) is casted as anodes and undergoes the conventional electrochemical and thermal refining operations in order to obtain pure gold and silver.
The global efficiency of operation ore - metal is of 78.2% for gold and of 76.1% for silver.
Example 2.
The operations ensue in the same way as in example 1 excepted that the raw material is a pyritic concentrate containing 10 ppm Au and 40 ppm Ag.
The global efficiency ore-pure metal is in this case of 82.2% for gold and of 81.5% for silver.
The gold and silver extraction method is not toxic, it does not generate wastewater or toxic gas emissions.
The method is applicable for obtaining gold and silver from refractory low-grade pyritic ores and concentrates in alkaline cyanide extraction, ensuring the recirculation of all reagents in the raw material leaching process.

Claims

Claims
1. Method for gold and silver extraction from law-grade refractory ores and concentrates, characterized by the fact that it leaches gold and silver in sodium thiosulfate solutions of 50-60 g/1 Na2S203 «5 H20, alkalized with ammonium hydroxide at pH 8-10 , with a bivalent copper salt of 3-4 g / 1 Cu at activator, at ambient temperature while stirring for a time of 2-3 hours.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it extracts gold and silver together with copper from the thiosulfate solution having a minimum content of 5 ppm Au, by electrolysis in alkaline solution (pH 8-10) by using high-alloyed steel electrodes at a current density of 3.0 - 3.5 A/dm2, providing also the recirculation of the reagents in the process of leaching gold and silver contained in the raw material.
3. Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the fact that it separates the copper from the Cu-Au-Ag sludge by leaching it in sulphuric acid solution of 30-40%, at a solid: liquid ratio of 1:5 - 1 :10 at a temperature of 85-95°C and under air bubbling. The copper sulphate formed in the process is returned to the raw material leaching process.
PCT/RO2012/000005 2011-03-09 2012-03-08 Gold and silver extraction technology Ceased WO2012141607A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/003,835 US9175411B2 (en) 2011-03-09 2012-03-08 Gold and silver extraction technology
EA201370203A EA201370203A1 (en) 2011-03-09 2012-03-08 TECHNOLOGY OF GOLD AND SILVER EXTRACTION
EP12731764.2A EP2683840B1 (en) 2011-03-09 2012-03-08 Gold and silver extraction technology
AU2012243490A AU2012243490A1 (en) 2011-03-09 2012-03-08 Gold and silver extraction technology
CA2829663A CA2829663C (en) 2011-03-09 2012-03-08 Gold and silver extraction technology

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ROA201100207 2011-03-09
ROA201100207A RO126480B1 (en) 2011-03-09 2011-03-09 Process for obtaining gold and silver

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EP (1) EP2683840B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2012243490A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2829663C (en)
EA (1) EA201370203A1 (en)
RO (1) RO126480B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012141607A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015171010A1 (en) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-12 Florean Victor Process of extracting gold and silver from ores and mining by-products
US20150329934A1 (en) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Rulon W. Dahl Dahl Process
US11408053B2 (en) 2015-04-21 2022-08-09 Excir Works Corp. Methods for selective leaching and extraction of precious metals in organic solvents

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WO2022022987A1 (en) * 2020-07-27 2022-02-03 Centuro Ag Method for obtaining gold and silver from raw materials
LU102054B1 (en) * 2020-07-27 2022-01-27 Centuro Ag Process for extracting gold and silver from raw materials
CN113621995B (en) * 2021-07-16 2023-12-26 武汉理工大学 A method for recovering precious metals in thiosulfate leachate based on electrochemical combined catalysis technology
CN114086000A (en) * 2021-11-28 2022-02-25 红河学院 Method for preparing copper sulfate solution for electrolytic copper foil by dissolving waste copper wire
CN114589303A (en) * 2022-03-03 2022-06-07 湖北鑫荣矿业有限公司 Method for removing indistinguishable impurities from gold particles

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015171010A1 (en) * 2014-04-30 2015-11-12 Florean Victor Process of extracting gold and silver from ores and mining by-products
US20170044644A1 (en) * 2014-04-30 2017-02-16 Victor Florean Process of extracting gold and silver from ores and mining by-products
US20150329934A1 (en) * 2014-05-15 2015-11-19 Rulon W. Dahl Dahl Process
US11408053B2 (en) 2015-04-21 2022-08-09 Excir Works Corp. Methods for selective leaching and extraction of precious metals in organic solvents
US11427886B2 (en) 2015-04-21 2022-08-30 Excir Works Corp. Methods for simultaneous leaching and extraction of precious metals
US11814698B2 (en) 2015-04-21 2023-11-14 Excir Works Corp. Methods for simultaneous leaching and extraction of precious metals

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RO126480B1 (en) 2012-11-29
RO126480A0 (en) 2011-07-29
US9175411B2 (en) 2015-11-03
AU2012243490A1 (en) 2013-10-31
US20130341203A1 (en) 2013-12-26
CA2829663A1 (en) 2012-10-18
CA2829663C (en) 2016-08-23
EP2683840A1 (en) 2014-01-15
EP2683840B1 (en) 2016-03-02
RO126480A3 (en) 2012-09-28

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