WO2012144430A1 - タイヤ表面形状測定装置及びタイヤ表面形状測定方法 - Google Patents
タイヤ表面形状測定装置及びタイヤ表面形状測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012144430A1 WO2012144430A1 PCT/JP2012/060098 JP2012060098W WO2012144430A1 WO 2012144430 A1 WO2012144430 A1 WO 2012144430A1 JP 2012060098 W JP2012060098 W JP 2012060098W WO 2012144430 A1 WO2012144430 A1 WO 2012144430A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tire
- imaging
- image
- surface shape
- shape measuring
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C19/00—Tyre parts or constructions not otherwise provided for
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
- G01B11/2518—Projection by scanning of the object
- G01B11/2522—Projection by scanning of the object the position of the object changing and being recorded
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/02—Tyres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/02—Tyres
- G01M17/027—Tyres using light, e.g. infrared, ultraviolet or holographic techniques
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tire surface shape measuring apparatus and a tire surface shape measuring method for imaging line light irradiated on the surface of a tire and measuring the surface shape of the tire based on a measurement signal extracted from a captured image including the line light. .
- the fine asperity defect of the sidewall surface is removed by removing the normal asperity shape caused by the characters and the logo mark from the three-dimensional shape obtained in this way are also accurately detected and inspected.
- development of passenger car tires in recent years has progressed in the direction in which the tread surface becomes wider and the sidewall surface becomes thinner as compared with the conventional tire. That is, it can be said that development is progressing in the direction in which the difference between the width of the tread surface and the thickness of the sidewall surface increases.
- the development of tire sizes has been diversified, and the size and shape of tires that a shape measuring device has to cope with tend to increase.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an appearance / shape detection device used for the above-described shape inspection.
- the appearance / shape detection device disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a light projection unit that irradiates slit light on an inspection target surface of an object, an area camera that photographs an irradiation unit of the slit light, the light projection unit and the photographing unit And means for relatively moving the subject and means for calculating the coordinates of the subject from the pixel data of the area camera, and calculating the luminance of the subject from the pixel data of the area camera Means and means for detecting the appearance of the subject based on the calculated brightness are provided to simultaneously detect the shape and the appearance of the subject.
- the sensor unit of the shape measuring device has to image sidewall surfaces of various thicknesses and tread surfaces of various widths.
- the thickness of the sidewall surface and the width of the tread surface are variously changed due to the change of the tire size, the lengths of light cutting lines formed on the sidewall surface and the tread surface are also variously different.
- the constant as possible in the captured image as possible regardless of the length of the light cutting line actually formed The light section line needs to be imaged to be of length.
- the shooting distance (working distance) of the sensor unit is appropriately adjusted according to the tire size, the thickness of the sidewall surface, the width of the tread surface, etc.
- the appearance / shape detection device disclosed in Patent Document 1 there is no configuration for changing the shooting distance of the sensor unit, so it is difficult to change the shooting distance corresponding to tires of various sizes. It is.
- the imaging distance can be changed, it is difficult for the operator to adjust the position of the sensor unit so as to always obtain the optimal imaging distance. Therefore, even if the position of the sensor unit can not be adjusted so as to obtain an optimal imaging distance, a technique capable of detecting the surface shape with high resolution from the captured light section line is desired.
- the present invention is capable of detecting the surface shape with the same resolution and high resolution for each of the tires in which the thickness of the sidewall surface and the width of the tread surface are variously different.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a shape measuring device and a tire surface shape measuring method.
- the tire surface shape measuring apparatus images the line light irradiated on the surface of the tire, and measures the surface shape of the tire based on the measurement signal extracted from the captured image of the line light.
- the imaging means is provided with an imaging means provided with an imaging surface for imaging the line light irradiated on the surface of the tire, and the image of the line light formed on the imaging surface is all included on the imaging surface.
- Imaging area setting means for setting an effective imaging area having a longitudinal length of an image of line light; pixel data extraction means for extracting a predetermined number of measurement signals determined in advance from the set effective imaging area; And the like.
- the imaging area setting unit is configured to set the effective imaging area as a rectangle on the imaging surface and to set the distance between both ends along the image of the line light as the length of the long side of the rectangle. Good to have.
- the line light irradiated to the surface of the tire is imaged using an imaging surface, and the surface shape of the tire is extracted based on the measurement signal extracted from the imaged image of the line light.
- the tire surface shape measuring method for measuring the imaging area setting for setting an effective imaging area having a longitudinal length of the line light on the imaging surface so that all the line light imaged on the imaging surface is included It is characterized by including a process and a pixel data extraction process of extracting a predetermined number of measurement signals determined in advance from the set effective imaging area.
- the effective imaging area is set as a rectangle on the imaging surface, and the distance between both ends along the line light is set as the length of the long side of the rectangle.
- the present invention it is possible to detect the surface shape with high resolution for each of the tires whose thickness of the sidewall surface and the width of the tread surface are variously different.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the schematic which shows the structure of the tire surface shape measuring apparatus by embodiment of this invention, and shows the state which is measuring the surface shape of a small tire.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the schematic which shows the structure of the tire surface shape measuring apparatus by embodiment of this invention, and shows the state which is measuring the surface shape of a big tire. It is a schematic diagram which shows the three-dimensional arrangement
- the upper portion is a schematic view showing the relationship between the light cutting line and the effective imaging area
- the lower portion is a view showing the luminance value distribution on the tread surface.
- the upper portion is a schematic view showing the relationship between the light cutting line and the effective imaging area
- the lower portion is a view showing the luminance value distribution on the tread surface.
- the tire shape inspection device 1 captures an image of the light cutting line Ls formed by the line light irradiated on the surface of the rotating tire T (tire T 1 and tire T 2 ) by the imaging camera 6, and light based on the captured image
- the height of each part of the tire T is measured by performing shape detection by a cutting method.
- the tire shape inspection device 1 replaces the measured heights of the respective portions of the tire T with the corresponding luminance values, and obtains a two-dimensional image (inspection image) of the surface of the tire T.
- the tire surface shape measuring device 1 includes a tire rotating machine 2, a sensor unit 3, an encoder 4, and an image processing device 5.
- FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B show the same tire surface shape measuring device 1, but only the tire T to be measured is different.
- Figure 1A a state where the tire T 1 of the small size is measured, the state in FIG. 1B, the tire T 2 of the large size being measured are shown respectively.
- the tire rotating machine 2 is a rotating device provided with a motor or the like for rotating a tire T, which is an object of shape detection, around its rotation axis.
- the tire rotating machine rotates the tire T at a rotational speed of, for example, 60 rpm.
- a sensor unit 3 described later detects (measures) the surface shape over the entire circumference of the tire T.
- the sensor unit 3 detects the surface shape of the tire T, and the line light irradiating means 7 for irradiating the surface of the rotating tire T with the line light (light cutting line), the light cutting reflected on the surface of the tire T
- It is a unit provided with an imaging camera (imaging means) 6 or the like that captures an image of a line.
- a sensor unit 3a used to detect the shape of the tread surface of the tire T and two sensor units 3b and 3c used to detect the shape of the two sidewall surfaces are provided.
- the sensor unit 3a is provided to face the tread surface, and the sensor units 3b and 3c are provided to face the sidewall surface.
- the line light irradiation means 7 and the imaging camera 6 incorporated in the sensor unit 3 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the line light irradiation means 7 includes a line light source for irradiating a sheet-like line light.
- the line light source is configured of, for example, an LED or a halogen lamp.
- One sheet of light cutting line Ls is formed on the surface of the tire T by the sheet-like line light emitted from the line light irradiating means 7.
- the imaging camera 6 includes a camera lens 8 and an imaging element 9 which is an area image sensor configured of, for example, a CCD or a CMOS.
- the imaging element 9 has, for example, a pixel count of 1920 ⁇ 1080 pixels.
- the imaging camera 6 captures an image v1 of the light section line Ls projected onto the imaging surface of the image sensor 9 to obtain a captured image of the light section line Ls.
- the encoder 4 will be described.
- the encoder 4 provided in the tire rotating machine 2 is a sensor that detects the rotation angle of the rotation shaft of the tire rotating machine 2, that is, the rotation angle of the tire T, and outputs the detected rotation angle as a detection signal.
- the detection signal is used to control the imaging timing of the imaging camera 6 provided in the sensor unit 3.
- the image processing apparatus 5 described later receives a detection signal output from the encoder 4 each time the tire T rotating at a speed of 60 rpm rotates by a predetermined angle, and imaging is performed according to the reception timing of the detection signal.
- the imaging camera 6 of the sensor unit 3 is controlled.
- imaging is performed at a predetermined imaging rate (imaging frequency) that matches the reception timing of the detection signal.
- the image processing apparatus 5 controls the sensor unit 3 to capture an image of the light cutting line Ls, and captures the captured image through the frame memory, and the height of the tire surface is obtained from the light cutting line Ls included in the captured image. It is a device to obtain the distribution.
- the image processing apparatus 5 sets an imaging area setting unit 10 for setting an “effective imaging area A” for imaging the light cutting line Ls on the imaging surface of the imaging element 9 of the imaging camera 6 and the set effective imaging area A
- pixel data extraction means 11 for taking out only pixel data present in the image sensor 9 from the image sensor 9.
- the image processing device 5 performs a binarization process on the captured image to extract a light cutting line Ls, and a tire based on the principle of triangulation from the obtained light cutting line Ls. It has shape detection means 12 for obtaining the height distribution of the surface.
- the image processing apparatus 5 is constituted by, for example, a personal computer provided with a frame memory, and the imaging area setting means 10 and the pixel data extraction means 11 are control units of the imaging camera 6 built in the sensor unit 3. Command and control.
- the imaging area setting unit 10 and the pixel data extraction unit 11 of the image processing apparatus 5 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 5.
- the imaging area setting means 10 is an effective imaging area on the imaging plane so as to include all the image v1 of the line light formed on the imaging plane of the imaging element 9, that is, the image v1 of the light section line Ls projected on the imaging plane. A is set.
- Figure 3A is a light section line Ls formed on the tread surface of the small tire T 1, and the relationship between the image v1 of the light section line Ls projected on the imaging surface of the image sensor 9 schematically illustrates .
- 3B is a light section line Ls formed on the tread surface of the large tire T 2, and the relationship between the image v1 on the imaging surface are schematically shown.
- the imaging distances (working distances) from the camera lens 8 to the tread surface of the tire T are substantially the same.
- the length of the light cutting line Ls is different, and hence the length of the image v1 on the imaging surface is also different.
- the imaging area setting means 10 sets an effective imaging area A having a size corresponding to the length of the image v1 on the imaging surface so as to include all the images v1 different in length depending on the tire T as described above.
- the effective imaging area A is a set of pixels actually used for imaging the image v1 of the light section line Ls in the imaging surface, as indicated by hatching in the upper part of FIGS. 3A and 3B. It is set to form a rectangle when the imaging surface is viewed from the front. For example, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the range of the X and Y coordinates of the pixel (range of the address of the pixel) on the imaging plane is determined, and the X and Y coordinates (address of the pixel) are those ranges.
- By setting an inner group of pixels as the effective imaging area A it is possible to set a rectangular effective imaging area A whose long side is along the longitudinal direction of the image v1.
- the upper limit and the lower limit of the range of the X coordinate may be the X coordinate of both ends of the image v1 of the light section line Ls. If the upper limit of the range of Y coordinates is sufficiently larger than the maximum value of Y coordinates of image v1, and the lower limit of the range of Y coordinates is determined sufficiently smaller than the minimum value of Y coordinates of image v1. Good.
- the effective imaging area A can be set in accordance with the length of the image v1, and the image v1 can be reliably imaged in the effective imaging area A.
- the pixel data extraction unit 11 sets the control unit of the imaging camera 6 in the effective imaging area A. From the pixel data, for example, it is instructed to transfer horizontal scanning data of one pixel every four pixels along the Y axis. In addition, the pixel data extraction unit 11 instructs the transferred horizontal scanning data to externally transfer pixel data for one pixel, for example, every three pixels along the X axis. Thus, the pixel data extraction unit 11 sets 100 horizontal scanning lines and 600 vertical scanning lines in the effective imaging area A, and extracts pixel data.
- the number of horizontal scanning lines to be extracted is n
- the number of vertical scanning lines to be extracted is m.
- the pixel data extraction unit 11 causes the control unit of the imaging camera 6 to horizontally scan one pixel for every [ Py / n] pixels along the Y axis from the pixel data in the effective imaging area A Give instructions to transfer data.
- the pixel data extraction unit 11 instructs the transferred horizontal scanning data to externally transfer pixel data of one pixel every [P x / m] pixel along the X axis.
- [ Py / n] and [ Px / m] make Py / n and Px / m an integer value by rounding off or rounding down.
- the thus extracted pixel data as shown in the lower part of FIG. 5, the luminance value distribution is obtained across the width W 2 of the light section line Ls. That is, in this embodiment, even if the size of the effective imaging area A is different, the number of horizontal scanning lines (100 in the above example) and the number of vertical scanning lines (600 in the above example) Keep it constant without changing it. That is, even when measuring the tread surface of the small tire T 1, even when measuring the tread surface of the large tire T 2, have the same number of scanning lines. Therefore, even if the tire surface shape measuring apparatus 1 is mounted by measuring tires different in thickness of the sidewall surface and the width of the tread surface, the same image resolution with a fixed number of scanning lines can be obtained with high accuracy. It becomes possible to detect the surface shape.
- the number of scanning lines (the number of extracted lines) is determined to be a value within the range in which the imaging frequency of the imaging device 9 can be realized.
- the shape detection unit 12 of the image processing apparatus 5 applies the principle of triangulation to the image of the light section line Ls formed by the pixel data (luminance data) extracted by the pixel data extraction unit 11.
- the height distribution information of the portion (one line portion on the tire surface) irradiated with the light cutting line Ls is obtained.
- the tire surface shape measuring apparatus 1 has an effective imaging area of an appropriate size by the imaging area setting unit 10 even if the tires T (tire T 1 and tire T 2 ) have different sizes. A can be set, and pixel data of a captured image can be extracted from the effective imaging area A by the pixel data extraction unit 11. The operation of the tire surface shape measuring apparatus 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 4 and 5.
- the tire surface shape measuring apparatus 1 is provided with two sensor units 3b and 3c for use in the shape detection of the sensor units 3a, and two sidewalls surfaces used in the shape detection of the tread surface of the tire T 1 It is
- the sensor unit 3a is provided to face the tread surface, and the sensor units 3b and 3c are provided to face the sidewall surface.
- Each of the sensor units 3a, 3b, 3c has a linear light emitting means 7 for irradiating the line beam to the surface of the tire T 1, the image pickup means 6 captures an image of the light section line Ls reflected by the surface of the tire T 1 Have.
- the three line lights from the sensor units 3a, 3b and 3c are connected to each other, and even if they are one continuous line light on the surface of the tire T 1 or even a discontinuous line light Good.
- Images captured by the imaging means 6 disposed in the respective sensor units 3a, 3b, 3c are sent to the image processing device 5, respectively.
- the image processing apparatus 5 includes the imaging area setting unit 10 and the pixel data extraction unit 11, and performs processing of the captured image from the sensor units 3a, 3b, and 3c.
- the sensor units 3a, 3b, 3c may be operated simultaneously or may be operated at different times. Either operation mode may be adopted depending on the imaging condition of the light section line Ls as described later.
- the operation when measuring a tread surface of the tire T 1 by referring to FIG. Tire T 1 is, starts to rotate is attached to the tire surface shape measuring apparatus 1, when a predetermined rotational speed (e.g. 60 rpm), first, the line light emitting means 7 of the sensor units 3a is a tread surface of the tire T 1 It emits line light. Line light irradiated form the light section line Ls in the tread surface of the tire T 1.
- the imaging camera 6 images the formed light section line Ls, and forms an image v1 of the light section line Ls on the imaging surface of the image sensor 9.
- the imaging area setting unit 10 of the image processing apparatus 5 a distance (width) W 1 between the X-coordinate of the opposite ends of the image v1 to the longitudinal length of the long side, the imaging device A rectangular effective imaging area A is set on the imaging surface 9 (imaging area setting step).
- the image processing apparatus 5 After setting of the effective imaging area A, the image processing apparatus 5, using only the effective imaging area A of the imaging surface of the imaging element 9 in the sensor unit 3a, to image the light section line Ls along the entire circumference of the tire T 1.
- the image processing apparatus 5, whenever the tire T 1 which rotates at a speed of 60rpm rotates by a predetermined angle, receiving a detection signal output from the encoder 4.
- the image processing device 5 captures an image of the light cutting line Ls using the imaging camera 6 of the sensor unit 3a in accordance with the reception timing of the detection signal.
- This imaging camera 6 by at a predetermined imaging frequency appropriate to the reception timing of the detection signal (e.g.
- the pixel data extraction unit 11 calculates pixel data (predetermined from a captured image of the light section line Ls captured in the effective imaging area A) corresponding to a predetermined number of (for example, 600 ⁇ 100) scanning lines. A predetermined number of measurement signals are extracted and transferred to a frame memory (pixel data extraction step).
- the image processing apparatus 5 ends the imaging of the tread surface, the sensor unit 3b is operated, in a manner similar to the imaging of the tread surface by the sensor unit 3a, taking an upper sidewall surface of the tire T 1.
- the image processing apparatus 5 After completion the imaging of the upper side wall surface, the image processing apparatus 5 operates the sensor unit 3c, by the same method, to capture an image of the sidewall surface of the lower tire T 1.
- the sensor unit 3c By imaging using the sensor unit 3c, the light section line Ls formed on a predetermined position below the sidewall surface over the entire circumference of the tire T 1 by more imaging, light section tied on the imaging surface of the image sensor 9 Multiple images v1 of the line Ls are obtained.
- the shape detecting unit 12 by the tread surface of the tire T 1 and both sidewall surface, a plurality of light section lines formed by the pixel data transferred to the frame memory is extracted by the pixel data extracting means 11 (luminance data)
- the principle of triangulation is applied to the image v1 of Ls.
- Triangulation is applied to the image v1 to obtain height distribution information of a portion (one line portion on the tire surface) irradiated with each light cutting line Ls.
- Shape detecting means 12, a height distribution information obtained from each image v1 by joining the entire circumference portion of the tire T 1, the tread surface of the tire T 1, the upper sidewall surface, and the lower side wall surface two Obtain a two-dimensional image (examination image).
- one light cutting line Ls is formed on each of the tread surface, the upper sidewall surface, and the lower sidewall surface. If the position of the light cutting line Ls formed on each tire surface in the entire circumferential direction of the tire T 1 is the same, the light cutting line formed on the adjacent tire surface on the imaging surface shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 The end of Ls may be imaged. If the ends of the adjacent light section line Ls is imaged images the tire T 1 by switching the sensor units 3a ⁇ sensor unit 3c as described above.
- each optical cutting line Ls need not be formed in the same position in the entire circumferential direction of the tire T 1, it may be formed at different positions in the entire circumferential direction of the tire T 1.
- Measuring method of the tire T 2 shown in FIG. 5 is similar to the measurement method for the tire T 1.
- the image processing apparatus 5 switches the sensor units 3a ⁇ sensor unit 3c in this order, the tread surface of the tire T 2, captures an image v1 of the upper and lower sidewalls light section lines formed on the surface Ls.
- the imaging area setting unit 10 sets an effective imaging area A having a width W 2 shorter than the width W 1 in accordance with the image v 1 , and the pixel data extracting unit 11 detects the light section line Ls imaged in the effective imaging area A.
- Pixel data (a predetermined number of measurement signals determined in advance) corresponding to a predetermined number (for example, 600 ⁇ 100) of scanning lines is extracted from the captured image of (b) and transferred to a frame memory.
- a predetermined number for example, 600 ⁇ 100
- the upper and lower sidewall surface a two-dimensional image (inspection image) by measuring a manner similar to the tire T 1.
- the use of the tire surface shape measuring apparatus 1 according to this embodiment as the tire T 1 and tire T 2, have different sizes of the tire T to be measured, the length of the image v1 on the imaging plane
- the image v1 of the light section line Ls can be imaged.
- pixel data corresponding to a predetermined number of scanning lines are extracted, so the size of the tire T changes.
- inspection image of the tire T 2 at a stable high resolution it is possible to detect the surface shape of the tire T 2.
- the effective imaging area A is set on the imaging surface of the imaging element 9, and pixel data extracted from the imaged image of the light section line Ls imaged in the effective imaging area A is It was transferring to frame memory.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and before the setting of the effective imaging area A, all the captured images captured by the imaging device 9 may be transferred onto the frame memory. Thereafter, the effective imaging area A can be set in the captured image stored in the frame memory to extract pixel data.
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Abstract
Description
この形状測定装置によるレーザ光を用いた形状検査では、シート状のレーザ光(ライン光)をタイヤ表面であるトレッド面やサイドウォール面に照射して、当該面上に光切断線を形成する。その後に、この光切断線をCCDカメラやCMOSカメラ等の撮像手段で撮像し、撮像した光切断線に光切断法を適用することでタイヤ表面の三次元形状を測定し検査する。
ところで、近年の乗用車用タイヤの開発は、従来のタイヤに比べて、トレッド面が幅広となると同時にサイドウォール面が薄くなる方向に進んでいる。つまり、トレッド面の幅とサイドウォール面の厚みの差が大きくなる方向に開発が進んでいるといえる。さらに、近年においては、タイヤサイズの展開が多岐にわたっており、形状測定装置が対応しなくてはならないタイヤのサイズ及び形状は増加する傾向にある。
特許文献1は、上述の形状検査に用いられる外観・形状検出装置を開示している。特許文献1に開示の外観・形状検出装置は、被検体の検査対象面にスリット光を照射する投光手段と、上記スリット光の照射部を撮影するエリアカメラと、上記投光手段及び撮影手段と被検体とを相対的に移動させる手段と、上記エリアカメラの画素データから上記被検体の座標を算出する手段とを備えるとともに、上記エリアカメラの画素データから上記被検体の輝度とを算出する手段と、上記算出された輝度に基づいて上記被検体の外観を検出する手段とを設けて、被検体の形状と外観とを同時に検出するようにしたことを特徴とするものである。
タイヤサイズが変わることでサイドウォール面の厚みやトレッド面の幅が様々に異なると、サイドウォール面及びトレッド面上に形成される光切断線の長さも様々に異なることとなる。しかし、常に所定の検査精度でタイヤの形状を検出するためには、タイヤサイズが変わった場合においても、実際に形成される光切断線の長さに関わりなく撮像画像内で可能な限り一定の長さとなるように、光切断線を撮像する必要がある。
しかし、特許文献1に開示の外観・形状検出装置では、センサユニットの撮影距離を変更するための構成が存在していないので、様々なサイズのタイヤに対応して撮影距離を変更することは困難である。また、撮影距離を変更できるとしても、オペレータが常に最適な撮影距離となるようにセンサユニットの位置を調整するのは困難を伴う。そこで、最適な撮影距離となるようにセンサユニットの位置を調整できなかった場合でも、撮像された光切断線から高い分解能で表面形状を検出できる技術が望まれている。
本発明に係るタイヤ表面形状測定装置は、タイヤの表面に照射されたライン光を撮像し、該ライン光の撮像画像から抽出した測定信号に基づいて前記タイヤの表面形状を測定するタイヤ表面形状測定装置において、前記タイヤの表面に照射されたライン光を撮像する撮像面が設けられた撮像手段と、前記撮像面に結像したライン光の像が全て含まれるように、前記撮像面上に前記ライン光の像の長手方向長さを備えた有効撮像領域を設定する撮像領域設定手段と、前記設定された有効撮像領域から予め定められた所定数の測定信号を抽出する画素データ抽出手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
また、本発明に係るタイヤ表面形状測定方法は、タイヤの表面に照射されたライン光を撮像面を用いて撮像し、該ライン光の撮像画像から抽出した測定信号に基づいて前記タイヤの表面形状を測定するタイヤ表面形状測方法において、前記撮像面に結像したライン光が全て含まれるように、前記撮像面上にライン光の長手方向長さを備えた有効撮像領域を設定する撮像領域設定工程と、前記設定された有効撮像領域から予め定められた所定数の測定信号を抽出する画素データ抽出工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。
まず、図1を参照して、本発明の実施形態によるタイヤ表面形状測定装置1の構成を説明する。
タイヤ形状検査装置1は、回転するタイヤT(タイヤT1及びタイヤT2)の表面に照射したライン光によって形成される光切断線Lsを撮像カメラ6によって撮像し、その撮像画像に基づいて光切断法による形状検出を行うことでタイヤT各部の高さを測定する。加えて、タイヤ形状検査装置1は、測定されたタイヤT各部の高さをそれぞれ対応する輝度値に置き換え、タイヤT表面の二次元画像(検査画像)を得る。
センサユニット3は、タイヤTの表面形状を検出するものであって、回転するタイヤTの表面にライン光(光切断線)を照射するライン光照射手段7、タイヤTの表面で反射した光切断線の像を撮像する撮像カメラ(撮像手段)6などを備えるユニットである。
図2を参照しながら、センサユニット3に組み込まれたライン光照射手段7及び撮像カメラ6について説明する。
撮像カメラ6は、カメラレンズ8と、例えばCCDやCMOSで構成されたエリアイメージセンサである撮像素子9とを備えている。撮像素子9は、例えば1920×1080ピクセルの画素数を有している。
図1に戻り、エンコーダ4について説明する。タイヤ回転機2に設けられたエンコーダ4は、タイヤ回転機2の回転軸の回転角度、即ちタイヤTの回転角度を検出し、検出した回転角度を検出信号として出力するセンサである。その検出信号は、センサユニット3が備える撮像カメラ6の撮像タイミングの制御に用いられる。
画像処理装置5は、光切断線Lsを撮像するための「有効撮像領域A」を撮像カメラ6の撮像素子9の撮像面上に設定する撮像領域設定手段10と、設定された有効撮像領域Aに存在する画素データのみを撮像素子9から取り出す画素データ抽出手段11とを備えている。
なお、画像処理装置5は、例えばフレームメモリを備えたパーソナルコンピュータなどで構成されており、撮像領域設定手段10と画素データ抽出手段11とは、センサユニット3に内蔵された撮像カメラ6の制御部に指令を出しコントロールするものとなっている。
撮像領域設定手段10は、撮像素子9の撮像面に結像したライン光の像、すなわち、撮像面に投影された光切断線Lsの像v1を全て含むように当該撮像面上に有効撮像領域Aを設定するものである。
図3A及び図3Bにおいて、カメラレンズ8からタイヤTのトレッド面までの撮像距離(ワーキングディスタンス)のそれぞれは、ほぼ同じである。しかし、タイヤTの大きさが異なると、光切断線Lsの長さが異なり、ひいては撮像面上の像v1の長さも異なることがわかる。
撮像領域設定手段10は、このようにタイヤTによって長さが異なる像v1を全て含むように、像v1の長さに応じた大きさの有効撮像領域Aを撮像面上に設定する。
例を挙げれば、図4において有効撮像領域AがX×Y=1200×300ピクセルであった場合、画素データ抽出手段11は、撮像カメラ6の制御部に対して、有効撮像領域A内の画素データから、Y軸に沿って例えば3ピクセルごとに1ピクセル分の水平走査データを転送するように指示を出す。加えて、画素データ抽出手段11は、転送された水平走査データに対して、X軸に沿って例えば2ピクセルごとに1ピクセル分の画素データを外部へ転送するように指示を出す。すなわち、画素データ抽出手段11は、有効撮像領域Aに対して、予め定められた所定数の走査線として、水平方向走査線を100本、垂直方向走査線を600本設定し、有効撮像領域Aから測定信号としての画素データを抽出するものとなっている。
もう一例を挙げると、図5において有効撮像領域AがX×Y=1800×400ピクセルであった場合、画素データ抽出手段11は、撮像カメラ6の制御部に対して、有効撮像領域A内の画素データから、Y軸に沿って例えば4ピクセルごとに1ピクセル分の水平走査データを転送するように指示を出す。加えて、画素データ抽出手段11は、転送された水平走査データに対して、X軸に沿って例えば3ピクセルごとに1ピクセル分の画素データを外部へ転送するように指示を出す。これによって、画素データ抽出手段11は、有効撮像領域Aに対して、水平方向走査線を100本、垂直方向走査線を600本設定し、画素データを抽出する。
有効撮像領域Aが、X×Y=Px×Pyピクセルであり、抽出対象である水平方向走査線数をn本、同じく抽出対象である垂直方向走査線数をm本とする。
そのとき、画素データ抽出手段11は、撮像カメラ6の制御部に対して、有効撮像領域A内の画素データから、Y軸に沿って[Py/n]ピクセルごとに1ピクセル分の水平走査データを転送するように指示を出す。また、画素データ抽出手段11は、転送された水平走査データに対して、X軸に沿って[Px/m]ピクセルごとに1ピクセル分の画素データを外部へ転送するように指示を出す。
図4と同じく、このように抽出された画素データによって、図5の下段に示すような、光切断線Lsの幅W2にわたる輝度値分布が得られる。
つまり本実施形態では、有効撮像領域Aの大きさが異なっても、この水平方向走査線の本数(上の例では100本)と、垂直方向走査線の本数(上の例では600本)を変化させずに一定とする。すなわち、小さいタイヤT1のトレッド面を計測する場合であっても、大きいタイヤT2のトレッド面を計測する場合であっても、走査線本数を同じとしている。それ故、サイドウォール面の厚みやトレッド面の幅が様々に異なるタイヤをタイヤ表面形状測定装置1に取り付けて測定を行ったとしても、一定の走査線本数による同一の画像分解能で且つ高い精度で表面形状を検出することが可能となる。
続いて、画像処理装置5の形状検出手段12は、画素データ抽出手段11で抽出した画素データ(輝度データ)により形成される光切断線Lsの画像に、三角測量法の原理を適用して、光切断線Lsが照射された部分(タイヤ表面上の1ライン部分)の高さ分布情報を得る。
図1、図4、及び図5を参照しながら、タイヤ表面形状測定装置1の動作について説明する。
ところで、センサユニット3a、3b、3cは、同時に作動させてもよく、異時に作動させてもよい。後述するように光切断線Lsの撮像状況により、どちらの作動形態を採用してもよい。
タイヤT1が、タイヤ表面形状測定装置1に取り付けられて回転を始め、所定の回転速度(例えば60rpm)になると、まず、センサユニット3aのライン光照射手段7が、タイヤT1のトレッド面にライン光を照射する。照射されたライン光は、タイヤT1のトレッド面に光切断線Lsを形成する。撮像カメラ6は形成された光切断線Lsを撮像し、撮像素子9の撮像面上に光切断線Lsの像v1を結ぶ。
図4の上段に示すように、画像処理装置5の撮像領域設定手段10は、像v1の両端のX座標間の距離(幅)W1を長辺の長手方向長さとするように、撮像素子9の撮像面上に矩形の有効撮像領域Aを設定する(撮像領域設定工程)。
画像処理装置5は、60rpmの速度で回転するタイヤT1が所定角度回転するごとに、エンコーダ4から出力される検出信号を受信する。検出信号の受信タイミングに合わせて、画像処理装置5は、センサユニット3aの撮像カメラ6を用いて光切断線Lsを撮像する。これにより撮像カメラ6は、検出信号の受信タイミングに合った所定の撮像周波数(例えば2kHz)で、タイヤT1の全周にわたってトレッド面の所定位置に形成された光切断線Lsを複数撮像し、撮像素子9の撮像面上に結ばれた光切断線Lsの像v1が複数得られる。
画像処理装置5は、トレッド面の撮像を終えると、センサユニット3bを動作させて、センサユニット3aによるトレッド面の撮像と同様の方法で、タイヤT1の上方のサイドウォール面の撮像を行う。センサユニット3bを用いた撮像によって、タイヤT1の全周にわたって上方のサイドウォール面の所定位置に形成された光切断線Lsを複数撮像し、撮像素子9の撮像面上に結ばれた光切断線Lsの像v1が複数得られる。
なお、各光切断線Lsは、タイヤT1の全周方向における同一の位置に形成される必要はなく、タイヤT1の全周方向において異なる位置に形成されてもよい。
次に、図5を参照してタイヤT1よりもサイズの小さいタイヤT2を測定するときの動作について説明する。
撮像領域設定手段10は、像v1に合わせて、幅W1よりも短い幅W2の有効撮像領域Aを設定し、画素データ抽出手段11が、有効撮像領域Aで撮像された光切断線Lsの撮像画像から、所定本数(例えば、600本×100本)の走査線に対応する画素データ(予め定められた所定数の測定信号)を抽出し、フレームメモリに転送する。後は、タイヤT1に対する測定方法と同様の方法でタイヤT2のトレッド面、上方及び下方のサイドウォール面の二次元画像(検査画像)を得る。
これに加えて、設定された有効撮像領域Aの長辺の長さ(像v1の長さ)にかかわらず、所定本数の走査線に対応する画素データを抽出するので、タイヤTのサイズが変わっても安定した高分解能でタイヤT2の検査画像を得ることができ、タイヤT2の表面形状を検出することができる。
2 タイヤ回転機
3 センサユニット
4 エンコーダ
5 画像処理装置
6 撮像カメラ
7 ライン光照射手段
8 カメラレンズ
9 撮像素子
10 撮像領域設定手段
11 画素データ抽出手段
12 形状検出手段
A 有効撮像領域
Ls 光切断線
T タイヤ
v1 像
Claims (4)
- タイヤの表面に照射されたライン光を撮像し、該ライン光の撮像画像から抽出した測定信号に基づいて前記タイヤの表面形状を測定するタイヤ表面形状測定装置において、
前記タイヤの表面に照射されたライン光を撮像する撮像面が設けられた撮像手段と、
前記撮像面に結像したライン光の像が全て含まれるように、前記撮像面上に前記ライン光の像の長手方向長さを備えた有効撮像領域を設定する撮像領域設定手段と、
前記設定された有効撮像領域から予め定められた所定数の測定信号を抽出する画素データ抽出手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするタイヤ表面形状測定装置。 - 前記撮像領域設定手段は、前記有効撮像領域を矩形として撮像面上に設定すると共に、前記ライン光の像に沿った両端間の距離を前記矩形の長辺の長さとするように構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のタイヤ表面形状測定装置。
- タイヤの表面に照射されたライン光を撮像面を用いて撮像し、該ライン光の撮像画像から抽出した測定信号に基づいて前記タイヤの表面形状を測定するタイヤ表面形状測方法において、
前記撮像面に結像したライン光が全て含まれるように、前記撮像面上にライン光の長手方向長さを備えた有効撮像領域を設定する撮像領域設定工程と、
前記設定された有効撮像領域から予め定められた所定数の測定信号を抽出する画素データ抽出工程と、
を備えることを特徴とするタイヤ表面形状測定方法。 - 前記撮像領域設定工程は、前記有効撮像領域を矩形として撮像面上に設定すると共に、ライン光に沿った両端間の距離を前記矩形の長辺の長さとすることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のタイヤ表面形状測定方法。
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| EP12774229.4A EP2700903A4 (en) | 2011-04-20 | 2012-04-13 | Device for measuring a tire surface shape and method for measuring a tire surface shape |
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| JP2003240521A (ja) | 2002-02-21 | 2003-08-27 | Bridgestone Corp | 被検体の外観・形状検査方法とその装置、及び、被検体の外観・形状検出装置 |
| JP2005286241A (ja) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Fuji Mach Mfg Co Ltd | 電子回路製造関連作業機 |
| JP2009041934A (ja) * | 2007-08-06 | 2009-02-26 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 形状測定装置,形状測定方法 |
| JP2010156622A (ja) * | 2008-12-27 | 2010-07-15 | Jfe Steel Corp | 鋼板の形状計測方法及び形状計測装置 |
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| JP3548465B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-08 | 2004-07-28 | キヤノン株式会社 | 撮像装置及び撮像方法 |
| JP2001280917A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Minolta Co Ltd | 3次元計測装置 |
| JP3759584B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-30 | 2006-03-29 | 澁谷工業株式会社 | 物体の三次元高さ計測方法 |
| US7269997B2 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2007-09-18 | Snap-On Incorporated | Non-contact method and system for tire analysis |
| EP2172737B1 (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2013-04-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Tire shape measuring system |
| JP5191055B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-20 | 2013-04-24 | パルステック工業株式会社 | 3次元形状測定装置および3次元形状測定方法 |
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2011
- 2011-04-20 JP JP2011094056A patent/JP2012225795A/ja active Pending
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2012
- 2012-04-13 WO PCT/JP2012/060098 patent/WO2012144430A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-04-13 KR KR1020137027299A patent/KR20130137682A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2012-04-13 US US14/110,425 patent/US20140043472A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-04-13 CN CN2012800190787A patent/CN103477183A/zh active Pending
- 2012-04-13 EP EP12774229.4A patent/EP2700903A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-04-19 TW TW101113949A patent/TW201250201A/zh unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003240521A (ja) | 2002-02-21 | 2003-08-27 | Bridgestone Corp | 被検体の外観・形状検査方法とその装置、及び、被検体の外観・形状検出装置 |
| JP2005286241A (ja) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Fuji Mach Mfg Co Ltd | 電子回路製造関連作業機 |
| JP2009041934A (ja) * | 2007-08-06 | 2009-02-26 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 形状測定装置,形状測定方法 |
| JP2010156622A (ja) * | 2008-12-27 | 2010-07-15 | Jfe Steel Corp | 鋼板の形状計測方法及び形状計測装置 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140043472A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
| CN103477183A (zh) | 2013-12-25 |
| EP2700903A4 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
| TW201250201A (en) | 2012-12-16 |
| JP2012225795A (ja) | 2012-11-15 |
| EP2700903A1 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
| KR20130137682A (ko) | 2013-12-17 |
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