WO2012165363A1 - 複合酸化物、その製造法及び排ガス浄化用触媒 - Google Patents
複合酸化物、その製造法及び排ガス浄化用触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
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- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/30—Compounds containing rare earth metals and at least one element other than a rare earth metal, oxygen or hydrogen, e.g. La4S3Br6
- C01F17/32—Compounds containing rare earth metals and at least one element other than a rare earth metal, oxygen or hydrogen, e.g. La4S3Br6 oxide or hydroxide being the only anion, e.g. NaCeO2 or MgxCayEuO
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Definitions
- the present invention can be used for catalysts, functional ceramics, solid electrolytes for fuel cells, abrasives, and the like, and can be suitably used as a promoter material in exhaust gas purification catalysts for automobiles and the like, and is highly oxidized even at low temperatures.
- the present invention relates to a composite oxide exhibiting reducing ability and having excellent heat resistance, a method for producing the same, and a catalyst for exhaust gas purification using the composite oxide.
- An exhaust gas purifying catalyst for automobiles and the like is configured, for example, by supporting a catalyst metal such as alumina or cordierite with platinum, palladium, or rhodium as a catalytic metal and a co-catalyst for enhancing their catalytic action.
- the cocatalyst material has the property of absorbing oxygen under an oxidizing atmosphere and releasing the oxygen under a reducing atmosphere.
- the co-catalyst material having such characteristics has a ratio of fuel to air amount so that the exhaust gas purifying catalyst efficiently purifies the harmful components in the exhaust gas such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Acts to maintain optimal.
- the efficiency of exhaust gas purification by the exhaust gas purification catalyst is generally proportional to the contact area between the active species of the catalytic metal and the exhaust gas.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a CeZrBi-based composite oxide that exhibits high redox ability at 300 ° C. or lower.
- this composite oxide is exposed to a reduced state of 700 ° C. or more, bismuth oxide is reduced to metal bismuth and evaporates, and the bismuth component in the composite oxide decreases as it repeats oxidation and reduction, Redox properties are reduced. For this reason, it is difficult to put into practical use an automobile catalyst that is repeatedly oxidized and reduced at a high temperature for a long time.
- Patent Documents 2 to 4 propose composite oxides in which Ba, Ag, and Pt are added to CeZrBi as the fourth component, respectively, to improve heat resistance or phase stability.
- Ba, Ag, and Pt are added to CeZrBi as the fourth component, respectively, to improve heat resistance or phase stability.
- Patent Documents 5 to 8 propose a technique of adding a rare earth metal element or silicon as a stabilizer in order to improve the heat resistance of cerium oxide. These documents propose several composite oxides that are excellent in heat resistance at high temperatures and excellent in specific surface area retention by the BET method. However, specifically, cerium, silicon, composite oxides containing rare earth metal elements other than cerium, and combinations of other elements that are excellent in heat resistance and exhibit a sufficient reduction rate even at low temperatures are known. Not.
- JP 2003-238159 A International Publication No. 2005/85137 JP 2005-281021 A JP 2010-260023 A International Publication No. 2008/156219 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-214026 JP 2000-72437 A JP-A-5-270824
- the object of the present invention is to exhibit high oxidation-reduction ability even at low temperatures, have excellent heat resistance, and maintain its characteristics stably even when repeated oxidation and reduction at high temperatures. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite oxide suitable for a catalyst cocatalyst and an exhaust gas purification catalyst using the same. Another subject of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the composite oxide which can obtain easily the composite oxide of the said this invention excellent in heat resistance and a reduction rate.
- cerium a rare earth metal that contains yttrium and does not contain cerium, at least one of aluminum and zirconium, and silicon, and oxidizes cerium and the other elements other than cerium and silicon.
- a temperature-reduction (TPR) measurement was performed from 50 ° C. to 900 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 10 ° C./min, followed by an oxidation treatment at 500 ° C. for 0.5 hour.
- a composite oxide (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as the composite oxide of the present invention) having a characteristic that the reduction rate of 400 ° C. or lower calculated from the result of the temperature reduction reduction measurement is 2.0% or more. Is done.
- the step (a) of preparing a cerium solution in which 90 mol% or more of cerium ions are tetravalent and the step of heating and holding the cerium solution prepared in the step (a) at 60 ° C.
- a step (h) of firing the impregnated oxide, a step (i) of reducing the obtained fired product, and a reduced product Preparation of a composite oxide and a step (j) to reduction (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as a first method there) is provided. Furthermore, according to the present invention, a step (A) of preparing a cerium solution in which 90 mol% or more of cerium ions are tetravalent, and a step of heating and holding the cerium solution prepared in step (A) at 60 ° C.
- An oxide manufacturing method (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as a second method) is provided.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprising the composite oxide of the present invention.
- use of the complex oxide of the said this invention for manufacturing the exhaust gas purification catalyst is provided.
- an exhaust gas purifying catalyst comprising a catalyst metal, a promoter comprising the composite oxide of the present invention, and a catalyst carrier, wherein the catalyst metal and the promoter are supported on the catalyst carrier.
- the composite oxide of the present invention contains cerium, yttrium-containing rare earth metal element (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a specific rare earth metal element), at least one of aluminum and zirconium, and silicon. Since it exhibits excellent reducibility even at the following low temperatures and maintains excellent heat resistance, it is particularly useful as a co-catalyst for exhaust gas purifying catalysts.
- the method for producing a composite oxide of the present invention includes the above steps, and in particular, since the reduction / oxidation step is performed after firing, the composite oxide of the present invention can be easily obtained.
- Such a composite oxide is obtained because Si rich domains in which CeO 2 and SiO 2 are more uniformly mixed at the nano level are formed on the surface of the cerium particles by the reduction step and the oxidation step in the production method of the present invention. It is thought to be for this purpose. By doing so, it is considered that the composite oxide of the present invention has a low activation energy for cerium silicate formation when exposed to a reducing atmosphere, and a high oxygen releasing ability can be obtained even at 400 ° C. or lower. Even when oxidation / reduction is repeated, the uniform mixing of CeO 2 —SiO 2 at the nano level and the formation of cerium silicate occur reversibly, so that high oxidation-reduction ability is maintained even at temperatures below 400 ° C. It is thought that it is done.
- the composite oxide of the present invention was subjected to a temperature-reduction (TPR) measurement from 50 ° C. to 900 ° C. at a rate of temperature increase of 10 ° C./min in a 10% hydrogen-90% argon atmosphere, It has a characteristic that the reduction rate of 400 ° C. or lower calculated from the result of performing the oxidation treatment for 5 hours and performing the temperature reduction reduction measurement again is 2.0% or more, preferably 2.8% or more.
- the upper limit of the reduction rate of 400 ° C. or lower is not particularly limited, but is usually 5.0%, preferably 6.0%.
- a reduction rate means the ratio by which cerium in the oxide calculated from the result of temperature-reduction measurement (TPR) from 50 ° C. to 900 ° C. was reduced from tetravalent to trivalent.
- TPR temperature-reduction measurement
- an automatic temperature programmed desorption analyzer (device name, TP-5000) manufactured by Okura Riken Co., Ltd. was used, and the measurement conditions were carrier gas: 90% argon-10% hydrogen, gas flow rate: 30 mL / , Sample heating rate during measurement: 10 ° C./min, sample weight 0.5 g.
- Reduction rate (%) measured hydrogen consumption of sample below 400 ° C. ( ⁇ mol / g) / theoretical hydrogen consumption of cerium oxide in sample ( ⁇ mol / g) ⁇ 100
- the composite oxide of the present invention preferably has a heat resistance of 30 m 2 / g or more, particularly preferably 35 m 2 / g or more, by BET method after repeating the temperature reduction measurement and oxidation treatment three times. It is desirable to have characteristics.
- the upper limit of the specific surface area is not particularly limited, but is usually 50 m 2 / g, preferably 65 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area means a value measured based on the most standard nitrogen gas adsorption BET method as a specific surface area measurement method of powder.
- the composite oxide of the present invention contains cerium, a specific rare earth metal element, aluminum and / or zirconium, and silicon, and cerium, the other element other than cerium and silicon, that is, a specific rare earth metal.
- the element and aluminum and / or zirconium are contained in a mass ratio in terms of oxide in the range of 85:15 to 99: 1, preferably 85:15 to 95: 5.
- the content of cerium in terms of CeO 2 is less than 85% by mass or more than 99% by mass, the heat resistance and the reduction rate may be reduced.
- Examples of the specific rare earth metal element include yttrium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the use of yttrium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, or a mixture of two or more of these is preferred.
- the content of silicon is 100 parts by mass in total in terms of oxides of other elements other than silicon, that is, cerium, a specific rare earth metal element, and aluminum and / or zirconium.
- silicon in terms of SiO 2 is usually more than 0 parts by mass and 20 parts by mass or less, preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 20 parts by mass, particularly preferably 2.5 to 20 parts by mass. Parts, most preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight.
- the mixing ratio of the specific rare earth metal element and aluminum and / or zirconium is preferably a mass ratio in terms of oxide, preferably 99: 1 to 1 to 99, particularly preferably 80: 20 to 5 to 95.
- the reduction rate at a low temperature can be maintained high and the heat resistance can be improved.
- the production method of the present invention is a method by which the composite oxide of the present invention can be obtained easily and with good reproducibility, and the first method is to prepare a cerium solution in which 90 mol% of cerium ions are tetravalent.
- a preparing step (a) examples of the water-soluble cerium compound used in the step (A) include ceric nitrate solution and ceric ammonium nitrate, and the use of ceric nitrate solution is particularly preferable.
- the initial concentration of the cerium solution in which 90 mol% or more of cerium ions are tetravalent is usually 5 to 100 g / L, preferably 5 to 80 g / L, particularly preferably 10 in terms of CeO 2.
- the concentration of the cerium solution usually water is used, and the use of deionized water is particularly preferred. If the initial concentration is too high, the crystallinity of the precipitate described later does not increase, and pores sufficient to contain the silicon oxide precursor solution described later cannot be formed. Heat resistance and reduction rate may be reduced. On the other hand, if the concentration is too low, the productivity is low, which is not industrially advantageous.
- the cerium solution is then reacted by performing step (b) of heating and holding the cerium solution prepared in step (a) at 60 ° C. or higher.
- the reactor used in step (b) may be either a closed type container or an open type container.
- an autoclave reactor can be used.
- the heating and holding temperature is 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 60 to 200 ° C., particularly preferably 80 to 180 ° C., more preferably 90 to 160 ° C.
- the heating and holding time is usually 10 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 36 hours, more preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the heating and holding are not sufficient, the crystallinity of the precipitate described later does not increase, and pores having a volume sufficient to impregnate the silicon oxide precursor solution described later cannot be formed. There is a risk that the heat resistance and reduction rate of the product cannot be improved sufficiently. Further, even if the heating and holding time is too long, the influence on the heat resistance and the reduction rate is insignificant, which is not industrially advantageous.
- the first method is to add a specific rare earth metal oxide precursor and an aluminum and / or zirconium oxide precursor to the cerium suspension obtained by heating and holding in step (b).
- the precursor may be a compound that can be an oxide of a specific rare earth metal element, aluminum, or zirconium by oxidation treatment such as firing.
- a specific rare earth metal element-containing nitric acid solution, aluminum nitrate, or zirconium oxynitrate solution may be used.
- the amount of the precursor added is usually 85:15 to 99: 1, preferably 85:15 to 95, in terms of the mass ratio of cerium in the cerium suspension and the elements in the precursor in terms of oxides. : Can be adjusted to be in the range of 5.
- the content of cerium in terms of CeO 2 in the oxide of cerium and the element in the precursor is less than 85% by mass, or more than 99% by mass, the reduction rate and heat resistance of the resulting composite oxide are May fall.
- Step (c) may be performed after cooling the cerium suspension obtained by heating and holding in step (b). Cooling can usually be performed with stirring, and a generally known method can be used. Natural slow cooling or forced cooling using a cooling pipe may be used. The cooling temperature is usually about 40 ° C or less, preferably about 20 to 30 ° C.
- the salt concentration of the cerium suspension may be adjusted by removing the mother liquor from the cerium suspension and adding water before adding the precursor.
- the mother liquor can be removed by, for example, the decantation method, Nutsche method, centrifugal separation method, or filter press method. At this time, a small amount of cerium is removed together with the mother liquor. Thus, the amount of the next precursor and water added can be adjusted.
- the first method includes a step (d) of heating and holding the cerium suspension containing the precursor at 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 100 to 200 ° C., particularly preferably 100 to 150 ° C.
- the heating and holding time is usually 10 minutes to 6 hours, preferably 20 minutes to 5 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 4 hours.
- the heating and holding in this step (d) if it is less than 100 ° C., the crystallinity of the precipitate described later does not increase, and the heat resistance and reduction rate of the finally obtained composite oxide may not be sufficiently improved. Further, even if the heating and holding time is too long, the influence on the heat resistance and the reduction rate is insignificant, which is not industrially advantageous.
- the first method includes a step (e) in which a precipitant is added to the suspension obtained in the step (d) to obtain a precipitate.
- the precipitating agent used in the step (e) include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia water, ammonia gas, or a base of a mixture thereof, and the use of ammonia water is particularly preferable.
- the addition of the precipitating agent is, for example, a method of adding the precipitating agent to an aqueous solution having an appropriate concentration and adding the suspension to the suspension obtained in step (d) with stirring. The method can be carried out by blowing into The amount of precipitant added can be easily determined by following the change in pH of the suspension. Usually, an amount that causes precipitation at a pH of the suspension of about 7 to 9 is sufficient, and preferably an amount that results in a pH of 7 to 8.5.
- Step (e) may be performed after cooling the heated and maintained cerium suspension in step (d). Cooling can usually be performed with stirring, and a generally known method can be used. Natural slow cooling or forced cooling using a cooling pipe may be used. The cooling temperature is usually about 40 ° C or less, preferably about 20 to 30 ° C.
- a slurry containing a precipitate of cerium oxide hydrate having advanced crystal growth can be obtained.
- the precipitate can be separated by, for example, Nutsche method, centrifugal separation method, or filter press method. Moreover, the precipitate can be washed with water as much as necessary. Furthermore, in order to increase the efficiency of the next step (f), a step of appropriately drying the obtained precipitate may be added.
- the first method includes a step (f) of calcining the precipitate.
- the calcination temperature is usually 250 to 500 ° C., preferably 280 to 450 ° C.
- the calcination time is usually 30 minutes to 36 hours, particularly 1 hour to 24 hours, and more preferably 3 to 20 hours.
- the oxide obtained by calcination in step (f) becomes a porous body having pores having a volume sufficient to impregnate a silicon oxide precursor solution described later, and impregnated with the silicon oxide precursor solution. And the heat resistance and reduction rate of the finally obtained composite oxide can be improved.
- the first method includes a step (g) of impregnating the oxide obtained by calcination with a precursor solution of silicon oxide.
- the precursor of silicon oxide used in the step (g) is a compound that can be converted into silicon oxide by an oxidation treatment such as firing, and is a compound that can be impregnated into a porous body of oxide calcined using a solvent.
- examples thereof include silicates such as sodium silicate, silane compounds such as tetraethyl orthosilicate, silyl compounds such as trimethylsilyl isocyanate, and quaternary ammonium silicates such as tetramethylammonium silicate.
- the solvent for dissolving the silicon oxide precursor can be selected depending on the type of the precursor used.
- the concentration of the silicon oxide precursor solution is not particularly limited as long as the porous body can be impregnated with the oxide, but the concentration of the silicon oxide precursor in terms of SiO 2 is usually 1 to 300 g / L, About 10 to 200 g / L is preferable from the viewpoint of workability and efficiency.
- the amount of the silicon oxide precursor added is 100 parts by mass in terms of the oxide equivalent of cerium and other elements in the oxide, and the silicon oxide precursor to be added is added.
- the amount in terms of SiO 2 is usually more than 0 parts by mass and 20 parts by mass or less, preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 20 parts by mass, particularly preferably 2.5 to 20 parts by mass, most preferably. Is 5 to 20 parts by mass.
- the impregnation of the silicon oxide precursor solution into the oxide can be performed by, for example, a pore filling method, an adsorption method, or an evaporation to dryness method.
- a pore filling method examples include a method in which the pore volume of the oxide is measured in advance, and a silicon oxide precursor solution having the same volume is added to uniformly wet the oxide surface.
- the first method includes a step (h) of firing an oxide impregnated with a silicon oxide precursor solution.
- the firing temperature is usually 300 to 700 ° C., preferably 350 to 600 ° C.
- the firing time can be appropriately set in consideration of the firing temperature, and can usually be determined in the range of 1 to 10 hours.
- a step of drying the oxide impregnated with the silicon oxide precursor solution at about 60 to 200 ° C. may be performed when performing the step (h). it can. By performing such a drying step, firing in step (h) can be efficiently performed.
- the first method includes the step (i) of reducing the obtained fired product.
- the reduction is performed, for example, in a reducing atmosphere obtained by combining hydrogen, deuterium, carbon monoxide, or the like alone or in a mixed atmosphere, or in an inert atmosphere obtained by combining nitrogen, helium, argon, or the like alone or mixed. Or under vacuum.
- the temperature during the reduction is usually 100 to 600 ° C, preferably 150 to 500 ° C.
- the reduction time is usually 0.5 to 5 hours, preferably 1 to 3 hours.
- the first method includes a step (j) of oxidizing the obtained reduction product.
- the oxidation can be carried out in an air atmosphere, usually in the range of 100 to 900 ° C., preferably 200 to 800 ° C.
- the oxidation time is usually 0.1 to 3 hours, preferably 0.3 to 2 hours.
- the composite oxide obtained in step (j) can be pulverized and used as a powder.
- the pulverization can be carried out using a commonly used pulverizer such as a hammer mill, and a powder having a sufficiently desired particle size can be obtained.
- the particle size of the composite oxide powder obtained by the first method can be adjusted to a desired particle size by the above-mentioned pulverization.
- the average particle size is 1 to 50 ⁇ m. It is preferable that
- the second method of the present invention includes a step (A) of preparing a cerium solution in which 90 mol% or more of cerium ions are tetravalent.
- the water-soluble cerium compound used in the step (A) include ceric nitrate solution and ceric ammonium nitrate, and the use of ceric nitrate solution is particularly preferable.
- the initial concentration of the cerium solution in which 90 mol% or more of cerium ions are tetravalent is usually 5 to 100 g / L, preferably 5 to 80 g / L, particularly preferably 10 in terms of CeO 2. It can be adjusted to 70 g / L.
- the concentration of the cerium solution usually water is used, and the use of deionized water is particularly preferred. If the initial concentration is too high, the crystallinity of the precipitate described later does not increase, pores having a sufficient volume cannot be formed, and the heat resistance and reduction rate of the finally obtained composite oxide may be reduced. is there. On the other hand, if the concentration is too low, the productivity is low, which is not industrially advantageous.
- the cerium solution is then reacted by performing step (B) of heating and holding the cerium solution prepared in step (A) at 60 ° C. or higher.
- the reactor used in the step (B) may be either a closed type container or an open type container.
- an autoclave reactor can be used.
- the heating and holding temperature is 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 60 to 200 ° C., particularly preferably 80 to 180 ° C., more preferably 90 to 160 ° C.
- the heating and holding time is usually 10 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 36 hours, more preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the heat holding is not sufficient, the crystallinity of the precipitate described later will not increase, pores having a sufficient volume cannot be formed, and the heat resistance and reduction rate of the finally obtained composite oxide may not be sufficiently improved. is there. Further, even if the heating and holding time is too long, the influence on the heat resistance and the reduction rate is insignificant, which is not industrially advantageous.
- a cerium suspension obtained by heating and holding in step (B) is added to a silicon oxide precursor, a precursor of an oxide of a specific rare earth metal element, and oxidation of aluminum and / or zirconium.
- a precursor of the product (C) Adding a precursor of the product (C).
- the silicon oxide precursor to be added to the cerium suspension may be any compound that can be converted into silicon oxide by oxidation treatment such as calcination.
- colloidal silica, siliconate, quaternary ammonium silicate In particular, the use of colloidal silica is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing production cost and environmental load.
- the amount of the silicon oxide precursor added is the total amount in terms of oxides of cerium, the specific rare earth metal element, and aluminum and / or zirconium in the finally obtained composite oxide.
- the amount of silicon oxide precursor to be added in terms of SiO 2 is 100 parts by mass, more than 0 parts by mass and 20 parts by mass or less, preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 20 parts by mass, especially The amount is preferably 2.5 to 20 parts by mass, and most preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass.
- the precursor of the oxide of the specific rare earth metal element, aluminum or zirconium may be a compound that can become an oxide of the specific rare earth metal element, aluminum or zirconium by oxidation treatment such as firing. And a specific rare earth metal element-containing nitric acid solution, aluminum nitrate, and zirconium oxynitrate solution.
- the amount of the precursor of the oxide of the specific rare earth metal element, aluminum, zirconium is an oxide of cerium in the cerium suspension and the other elements other than cerium and silicon.
- the mass ratio can be adjusted so that it is usually in the range of 85:15 to 99: 1, preferably 85:15 to 95: 5.
- the content of cerium in the oxide of cerium and the other elements other than cerium and silicon in terms of CeO 2 is less than 85% by mass, and more than 99% by mass, the reduction rate of the resulting composite oxide and Heat resistance may be reduced.
- Step (C) may be performed after cooling the cerium suspension obtained by heating and holding in step (B). Cooling can usually be performed with stirring, and a generally known method can be used. Natural slow cooling or forced cooling using a cooling pipe may be used. The cooling temperature is usually about 40 ° C or less, preferably about 20 to 30 ° C.
- the salt concentration of the cerium suspension may be adjusted by removing the mother liquor from the cerium suspension and adding water before adding the precursor.
- the mother liquor can be removed by, for example, the decantation method, Nutsche method, centrifugal separation method, or filter press method. At this time, a small amount of cerium is removed together with the mother liquor. Thus, the amount of the next precursor and water added can be adjusted.
- the second method includes a step (D) of heating and holding the cerium suspension containing the precursor at 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 100 to 200 ° C., particularly preferably 100 to 150 ° C.
- the heating and holding time is usually 10 minutes to 6 hours, preferably 20 minutes to 5 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 4 hours.
- the crystallinity of the precipitate described later does not increase, and there is a possibility that the heat resistance and reduction rate of the finally obtained composite oxide cannot be improved sufficiently. Further, even if the heating and holding time is too long, the influence on the heat resistance and the reduction rate is insignificant, which is not industrially advantageous.
- the second method includes a step (E) in which a precipitant is added to the suspension obtained in the step (D) to obtain a precipitate.
- the precipitating agent used in the step (E) include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia water, ammonia gas, or a base of a mixture thereof, and the use of ammonia water is particularly preferable.
- the addition of the precipitating agent is, for example, a method of adding the precipitating agent to an aqueous solution having an appropriate concentration and adding the suspension to the suspension obtained in step (D) with stirring. The method can be carried out by blowing into The amount of precipitant added can be easily determined by following the change in pH of the suspension. Usually, an amount that causes precipitation at a pH of the suspension of about 7 to 9 is sufficient, and preferably an amount that results in a pH of 7 to 8.5.
- Step (E) may be performed after cooling the heated and maintained cerium suspension in step (D). Cooling can usually be performed with stirring, and a generally known method can be used. Natural slow cooling or forced cooling using a cooling pipe may be used. The cooling temperature is usually about 40 ° C or less, preferably about 20 to 30 ° C.
- a slurry containing a cerium oxide hydrate precipitate having advanced crystal growth can be obtained.
- the precipitate can be separated by, for example, Nutsche method, centrifugal separation method, or filter press method. Moreover, the precipitate can be washed with water as much as necessary.
- the second method includes a step (F) of calcining the obtained precipitate.
- the firing temperature is usually 300 to 700 ° C., preferably 350 to 600 ° C.
- the firing time can be appropriately set in consideration of the firing temperature, and can usually be determined in the range of 1 to 10 hours.
- the second method includes a step (G) of reducing the obtained fired product.
- the reduction is performed, for example, in a reducing atmosphere obtained by mixing or mixing hydrogen, deuterium, carbon monoxide or the like, or in an inert atmosphere obtained by mixing or mixing nitrogen, helium, argon, or the like. Or under vacuum.
- the temperature during the reduction is usually 100 to 600 ° C, preferably 150 to 500 ° C.
- the reduction time is usually 0.5 to 5 hours, preferably 1 to 3 hours.
- the second method includes a step (H) of oxidizing the obtained reduction product.
- the oxidation can be carried out in an air atmosphere, usually in the range of 100 to 900 ° C., preferably 200 to 800 ° C.
- the oxidation time is usually 0.1 to 3 hours, preferably 0.3 to 2 hours.
- the composite oxide obtained in step (H) can be pulverized and used as a powder.
- the pulverization can be carried out using a commonly used pulverizer such as a hammer mill, and a powder having a sufficiently desired particle size can be obtained.
- the particle size of the composite oxide powder obtained by the production method of the present invention can be adjusted to the desired particle size by the above-mentioned pulverization.
- the average particle size is 1 to The thickness is preferably 50 ⁇ m.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it includes the co-catalyst containing the composite oxide of the present invention.
- Example 1 This example relates to a composite oxide in which 5.3 parts by mass of silicon oxide is added to a total of 100 parts by mass of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide and lanthanum oxide having a mass ratio of 85: 11: 4. After 100 g of a cerium nitrate solution containing 90 mol% or more of tetravalent cerium ions in terms of CeO 2 was collected, the total amount was adjusted to 2 L with pure water. Next, after heating up the obtained solution to 100 degreeC and hold
- the obtained slurry was subjected to solid-liquid separation by Nutsche filtration to obtain a filter cake.
- the cake was baked in the atmosphere at 500 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained fired product was subjected to a reduction treatment by being held at 250 ° C. for 2 hours in a 90% argon-10% hydrogen atmosphere.
- it is calcined in an air atmosphere at 500 ° C. for 0.5 hours, and contains cerium oxide, zirconium oxide and lanthanum oxide in a mass ratio of 85: 11: 4, with respect to 100 parts by mass of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide and lanthanum oxide.
- a cerium oxide-based composite oxide powder containing 5.3 parts by mass of silicon oxide was obtained.
- 0.5 g of the obtained composite oxide powder was reduced by heating from 50 ° C. to 900 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 10 ° C./min in a 90% argon-10% hydrogen atmosphere with a gas flow rate of 30 mL / min. Then, it baked at 500 degreeC as an air atmosphere for 0.5 hour.
- an automatic temperature programmed desorption analyzer (equipment name, TP-5000) manufactured by Okura Riken Co., Ltd., oxidation at 400 ° C or lower from the result of temperature-programmed reduction measurement (TPR) from 50 ° C to 900 ° C.
- TPR temperature-programmed reduction measurement
- Example 2 This example relates to a composite oxide in which 5.3 parts by mass of silicon oxide is added to a total of 100 parts by mass of cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide and aluminum oxide having a mass ratio of 90: 4: 4: 2. . After separating 50 g of a cerium nitrate solution containing 90 mol% or more of tetravalent cerium ions in terms of CeO 2 , the total amount was adjusted to 1 L with pure water. Next, after heating up the obtained solution to 100 degreeC and hold
- Comparative Example 1 After 50 g of a cerium nitrate solution containing 90 mol% or more of tetravalent cerium ions was collected in terms of CeO 2 , the total amount was adjusted to 1 L with pure water. Next, after heating up the obtained solution to 100 degreeC and hold
- the cerium suspension containing the precursors of lanthanum oxide and praseodymium oxide was kept at 120 ° C. for 2 hours, then naturally cooled, and neutralized to pH 8.5 by adding aqueous ammonia.
- the obtained slurry was subjected to solid-liquid separation by Nutsche filtration to obtain a filter cake.
- the cake was baked in the atmosphere at 500 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the obtained fired product was subjected to a reduction treatment by being held at 250 ° C. for 2 hours in a 90% argon-10% hydrogen atmosphere. Subsequently, it was fired at 500 ° C.
- the content ratio of Si is Si 2 parts by mass in terms of SiO 2 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total quantity in terms of oxides of rare earth metal elements including Ce and Al or Zr.
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Abstract
Description
排ガス浄化用触媒による排ガス浄化の効率は、一般に触媒金属の活性種と排ガスとの接触面積に比例する。また、上記燃料と空気量との比を最適に維持することも重要な問題であって、そのためには、助触媒の酸素吸収・放出能に係る還元率を高く維持する必要がある。特に、排ガス規制の強化に伴い、エンジンのコールドスタート時等、触媒の温度が低い状態でも高い酸化還元能を示し、同時に高い耐熱性を保持した助触媒材料が求められている。
また、特許文献2~4には、CeZrBiにさらに第4成分として、それぞれBa、Ag、Ptを添加し、耐熱性または相安定性の向上を図った複合酸化物が提案されている。しかしながら、高温の還元雰囲気に曝された場合に、ビスマス成分の蒸発が懸念される。
しかし、具体的に、セリウム、ケイ素や、セリウムを除く希土類金属元素を含む複合酸化物、他の元素の組み合わせにおいて、耐熱性に優れ、低温下においても十分な還元率を示すものについては知られていない。
本発明の別の課題は、耐熱性及び還元率に優れた上記本発明の複合酸化物を容易に得ることができる複合酸化物の製造法を提供することにある。
10%水素-90%アルゴン雰囲気下、10℃/分の昇温速度で50℃から900℃まで昇温還元測定(TPR)を行った後、500℃で0.5時間の酸化処理を行い、再度前記昇温還元測定を行った結果から算出した400℃以下の還元率が2.0%以上を示す特性を有する複合酸化物(以下、本発明の複合酸化物と略すことがある)が提供される。
また本発明によれば、セリウムイオンの90モル%以上が4価であるセリウム溶液を準備する工程(a)と、工程(a)で準備したセリウム溶液を60℃以上に加熱保持する工程(b)と、加熱保持して得たセリウム懸濁液に、イットリウムを含みセリウムを含まない希土類金属元素の酸化物の前駆体と、アルミニウム及びジルコニウムの少なくとも1種の酸化物の前駆体とを加える工程(c)と、前記前駆体を含むセリウム懸濁液を100℃以上に加熱保持する工程(d)と、工程(d)で得た懸濁液に、沈澱剤を添加し、沈澱物を得る工程(e)と、沈澱物を仮焼する工程(f)と、仮焼して得た酸化物に、酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液を含浸させる工程(g)と、酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液を含浸させた酸化物を、焼成する工程(h)と、得られた焼成物を還元する工程(i)と、還元物を酸化する工程(j)とを含む複合酸化物の製造法(以下、第1の方法と略す場合がある)が提供される。
更に本発明によれば、セリウムイオンの90モル%以上が4価であるセリウム溶液を準備する工程(A)と、工程(A)で準備したセリウム溶液を60℃以上に加熱保持する工程(B)と、加熱保持して得たセリウム懸濁液に、酸化ケイ素の前駆体と、イットリウムを含みセリウムを含まない希土類金属元素の酸化物の前駆体と、アルミニウム及びジルコニウムの少なくとも1種の酸化物の前駆体とを加える工程(C)と、前記前駆体を含むセリウム懸濁液を100℃以上に加熱保持する工程(D)と、工程(D)で得た懸濁液に沈澱剤を添加し、沈澱物を得る工程(E)と、沈澱物を焼成する工程(F)と、得られた焼成物を還元する工程(G)と、還元物を酸化する工程(H)とを含む複合酸化物の製造法(以下、第2の方法と略す場合がある)が提供される。
更にまた本発明によれば、上記本発明の複合酸化物を備えた排ガス浄化用触媒が提供される。
また本発明によれば、排ガス浄化用触媒を製造するための、上記本発明の複合酸化物の使用が提供される。
更に本発明によれば、触媒金属と、本発明の複合酸化物からなる助触媒と、触媒担持体とを備え、前記触媒金属及び助触媒が、触媒担持体に担持された排ガス浄化用触媒が提供される。
本発明の複合酸化物の製造法は、上記各工程を含み、特に、焼成後に還元・酸化工程を行うので、上記本発明の複合酸化物を容易に得ることができる。このような複合酸化物が得られるのは、本発明の製造法における還元工程及び酸化工程によりセリウム粒子表面にCeO2とSiO2とがナノレベルでより均一に混合されたSiリッチドメインが形成されるためと考えられる。そうすることで、本発明の複合酸化物は、還元雰囲気に曝された際のセリウムケイ酸塩形成に対する活性化エネルギーが低下し、400℃以下でも高い酸素放出能が得られるものと考えられる。そして、酸化・還元が繰り返された場合でも、CeO2-SiO2のナノレベルでの均一な混合とセリウムケイ酸塩の形成とが可逆的に起こるため、400℃以下においても高い酸化還元能が持続されると考えられる。
本発明の複合酸化物は、10%水素-90%アルゴン雰囲気下、10℃/分の昇温速度で50℃から900℃まで昇温還元測定(TPR)を行った後、500℃で0.5時間の酸化処理を行い、再度前記昇温還元測定を行った結果から算出した400℃以下の還元率が2.0%以上、好ましくは2.8%以上を示す特性を有する。該400℃以下の還元率の上限は特に限定されないが、通常5.0%、好ましくは6.0%である。
還元率は、50℃から900℃までの昇温還元測定(TPR)の結果から算出した酸化物中のセリウムが4価から3価に還元された比率を意味する。
前記TPRは、(株)大倉理研製、自動昇温脱離分析装置(装置名、TP-5000)を使用し、測定条件は、キャリアガス:90%アルゴン-10%水素、ガス流量:30mL/分、測定中の試料昇温速度:10℃/分、試料重量0.5gにて測定したものである。
算出は下記式に従って行った。
還元率(%)=試料の400℃以下の実測水素消費量(μmol/g)/試料中の酸化セリウムの理論水素消費量(μmol/g)×100
ここで、比表面積とは、粉体の比表面積測定法として最も標準的な窒素ガス吸着によるBET法に基づいて測定された値を意味する。
本発明においてイットリウムはY2O3、ランタンはLa2O3、セリウムはCeO2、プラセオジムはPr6O11、ネオジムはNd2O3、サマリウムはSm2O3、ユウロピウムはEu2O3、ガドリニウムはGd2O3、テルビウムはTb4O7、ジスプロシウムDy2O3、ホルミウムはHo2O3、エルビウムはEr2O3、ツリウムはTm2O3、イッテルビウムはYb2O3、ルテチウムはLu2O3、アルミニウムはAl2O3、ジルコニウムはZrO2、ケイ素はSiO2として、それぞれ酸化物に換算される。
本発明の複合酸化物において、特定の希土類金属元素と、アルミニウム及び/又はジルコニウムとの配合割合は、各々酸化物換算の質量比で、好ましくは99:1~1~99、特に好ましくは80:20~5~95である。本発明の複合酸化物においては、アルミニウム及び/又はジルコニウムを配合することにより、低温での還元率を高く維持して耐熱性を向上させることができる。
工程(A)に用いる水溶性セリウム化合物としては、例えば、硝酸第二セリウム溶液、硝酸第二セリウムアンモニウムを挙げることができ、特に、硝酸第二セリウム溶液の使用が好ましい。
工程(a)において、セリウムイオンの90モル%以上が4価であるセリウム溶液の初期濃度は、セリウムをCeO2換算で通常5~100g/L、好ましくは5~80g/L、特に好ましくは10~70g/Lに調整することができる。セリウム溶液の濃度の調整には、通常水を用い、脱イオン水の使用が特に好ましい。該初期濃度は、高すぎると後述する沈澱物の結晶性が上がらず、後述する酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液を含有させるのに十分な細孔を形成できず、最終的に得られる複合酸化物の耐熱性及び還元率が低下する恐れがある。また、濃度が低すぎると生産性が低いため工業的に有利でない。
工程(b)において加熱保持温度は、60℃以上、好ましくは60~200℃、特に好ましくは80~180℃、更に好ましくは90~160℃である。加熱保持時間は、通常10分~48時間、好ましくは30分~36時間、より好ましくは1時間~24時間である。加熱保持が十分でないと、後述する沈澱物の結晶性が上がらず、後述する酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液を含浸させるのに十分な容積を有する細孔を形成できず、最終的に得られる複合酸化物の耐熱性及び還元率を十分改善できない恐れがある。また、加熱保持時間が長すぎても耐熱性及び還元率への影響は微々たるものであり、工業的に有利でない。
前記前駆体は、焼成等の酸化処理により特定の希土類金属元素、アルミニウム、ジルコニウムの酸化物となりうる化合物であれば良く、例えば、特定の希土類金属元素含有硝酸溶液、硝酸アルミニウム、オキシ硝酸ジルコニウム溶液が挙げられる。
前記前駆体の添加量は、上記セリウム懸濁液中のセリウムと、前記前駆体中の元素とを酸化物換算の質量比で、通常85:15~99:1、好ましくは85:15~95:5の範囲となるように調整することができる。セリウムと、前記前駆体中の元素との酸化物におけるセリウムのCeO2換算の含有割合が85質量%未満、また99質量%を超える場合には、得られる複合酸化物の還元率及び耐熱性が低下する恐れがある。
工程(d)において、加熱保持時間は、通常10分~6時間、好ましくは20分~5時間、より好ましくは30分~4時間である。
この工程(d)の加熱保持において、100℃未満では後述する沈澱物の結晶性が上がらず、最終的に得られる複合酸化物の耐熱性及び還元率を十分改善できない恐れがある。また、加熱保持時間が長すぎても耐熱性及び還元率への影響は微々たるものであり、工業的に有利でない。
工程(e)に用いる沈澱剤としては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、アンモニア水、アンモニアガス又はこれらの混合物の塩基が挙げられ、特に、アンモニア水の使用が好ましい。
前記沈澱剤の添加は、例えば、沈澱剤を適度な濃度の水溶液とし、工程(d)で得られた懸濁液に撹拌しながら加える方法、また、アンモニアガスの場合は撹拌しながら反応器内に吹き込む方法により実施できる。沈澱剤の添加量は、懸濁液のpHの変化を追跡することにより容易に決定できる。通常、懸濁液のpHが7~9程度の沈澱が生じる量で十分であり、好ましくはpH7~8.5となる量である。
冷却は、通常、攪拌下に行うことができ、一般的に知られている方法を用いることができる。自然徐冷又は冷却管を用いる強制冷却でも良い。冷却温度は、通常40℃以下、好ましくは20~30℃の室温程度である。
工程(f)の仮焼により得られる酸化物は、後述する酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液を含浸させるのに十分な容積を有する細孔を保持する多孔質体となり、酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液の含浸を容易にして、かつ最終的に得られる複合酸化物の耐熱性及び還元率を改善することができる。
工程(g)に用いる酸化ケイ素の前駆体は、焼成等の酸化処理により酸化ケイ素となりうる化合物であって、溶媒を用いて仮焼した酸化物の多孔質体に含浸させることが可能な化合物であれば良く、例えば、ケイ酸ナトリウム等のケイ酸塩類、オルトケイ酸テトラエチル等のシラン化合物、イソシアン酸トリメチルシリル等のシリル化合物、ケイ酸テトラメチルアンモニウム等のケイ酸第四アンモニウム塩類が挙げられる。
酸化ケイ素の前駆体を溶解する溶媒は、使用する前駆体の種類に応じて使い分けることができる。例えば、水、あるいはアルコール、キシレン、ヘキサン、トルエン等の有機溶媒が挙げられる。
酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液の濃度は、前記多孔質体の酸化物への含浸が可能であれば特に限定されないが、酸化ケイ素の前駆体をSiO2換算した濃度で、通常1~300g/L、好ましくは10~200g/L程度が作業性及び効率性の点で好ましい。
ポアフィリング法としては、あらかじめ前記酸化物の細孔容積を測定し、これと同じ容積の酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液を加え、酸化物表面が均一に濡れた状態にする方法が挙げられる。
工程(h)において焼成時間は、焼成温度との兼ね合いで適宜設定でき、通常1~10時間の範囲で決定することができる。
第1の方法では、上記工程(g)の後、工程(h)を行うにあたって、酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液を含浸させた酸化物を、60~200℃程度で乾燥する工程を実施することもできる。このような乾燥工程を行うことにより、工程(h)の焼成を効率良く実施することができる。
工程(i)において還元は、例えば、水素、重水素、一酸化炭素などを単独あるいは混合して得られる還元雰囲気下、または窒素、ヘリウム、アルゴンなどを単独あるいは混合して得られる不活性雰囲気下、もしくは真空下にて行うことができる。還元の際の温度は、通常100~600℃、好ましくは150~500℃である。還元時間は、通常0.5~5時間、好ましくは1~3時間である。
工程(j)において酸化は、空気雰囲気下、通常100~900℃、好ましくは200~800℃の範囲で行うことができる。酸化時間は、通常0.1~3時間、好ましくは0.3~2時間である。
この工程(j)により、上記物性を有する本発明の複合酸化物を得ることができる。
第1の方法により得られる複合酸化物粉末の粒径は、上記粉砕により所望粒径とすることができるが、例えば、排ガス浄化用触媒の助触媒として用いる場合には、平均粒径1~50μmとすることが好ましい。
工程(A)に用いる水溶性セリウム化合物としては、例えば、硝酸第二セリウム溶液、硝酸第二セリウムアンモニウムを挙げることができ、特に、硝酸第二セリウム溶液の使用が好ましい。
工程(A)において、セリウムイオンの90モル%以上が4価であるセリウム溶液の初期濃度は、セリウムをCeO2換算で通常5~100g/L、好ましくは5~80g/L、特に好ましくは10~70g/Lに調整することができる。セリウム溶液の濃度の調整には、通常水を用い、脱イオン水の使用が特に好ましい。該初期濃度は、高すぎると後述する沈澱物の結晶性が上がらず、十分な容積を有する細孔を形成できず、最終的に得られる複合酸化物の耐熱性及び還元率が低下する恐れがある。また、濃度が低すぎると生産性が低いため工業的に有利でない。
工程(B)において加熱保持温度は、60℃以上、好ましくは60~200℃、特に好ましくは80~180℃、更に好ましくは90~160℃である。加熱保持時間は、通常10分~48時間、好ましくは30分~36時間、より好ましくは1時間~24時間である。加熱保持が十分でないと、後述する沈澱物の結晶性が上がらず、十分な容積を有する細孔を形成できず、最終的に得られる複合酸化物の耐熱性及び還元率を十分改善できない恐れがある。また、加熱保持時間が長すぎても耐熱性及び還元率への影響は微々たるものであり、工業的に有利でない。
工程(C)において、セリウム懸濁液に加える酸化ケイ素の前駆体としては、焼成等の酸化処理により酸化ケイ素となりうる化合物であれば良く、例えば、コロイダルシリカ、シリコネート、第4アンモニウムケイ酸塩のゾルが挙げられ、特に、生産コストと環境負荷の低減の観点からコロイダルシリカの使用が好ましい。
工程(C)において、前記特定の希土類金属元素、アルミニウム、ジルコニウムの酸化物の前駆体の添加量は、上記セリウム懸濁液中のセリウムと、セリウム及びケイ素以外の前記他の元素とを酸化物換算の質量比で、通常85:15~99:1、好ましくは85:15~95:5の範囲となるように調整することができる。セリウムと、セリウム及びケイ素以外の前記他の元素との酸化物におけるセリウムのCeO2換算の含有割合が85質量%未満、また99質量%を超える場合には、得られる複合酸化物の還元率及び耐熱性が低下する恐れがある。
工程(D)において、加熱保持時間は、通常10分~6時間、好ましくは20分~5時間、より好ましくは30分~4時間である。
この工程(D)の加熱保持において、100℃未満では後述する沈澱物の結晶性が上がらず、最終的に得られる複合酸化物の耐熱性及び還元率を十分改善できない恐れがある。また、加熱保持時間が長すぎても耐熱性及び還元率への影響は微々たるものであり、工業的に有利でない。
工程(E)に用いる沈澱剤としては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、アンモニア水、アンモニアガス又はこれらの混合物の塩基が挙げられ、特に、アンモニア水の使用が好ましい。
前記沈澱剤の添加は、例えば、沈澱剤を適度な濃度の水溶液とし、工程(D)で得られた懸濁液に撹拌しながら加える方法、また、アンモニアガスの場合は撹拌しながら反応器内に吹き込む方法により実施できる。沈澱剤の添加量は、懸濁液のpHの変化を追跡することにより容易に決定できる。通常、懸濁液のpHが7~9程度の沈澱が生じる量で十分であり、好ましくはpH7~8.5となる量である。
冷却は、通常、攪拌下に行うことができ、一般的に知られている方法を用いることができる。自然徐冷又は冷却管を用いる強制冷却でも良い。冷却温度は、通常40℃以下、好ましくは20~30℃の室温程度である。
工程(F)において焼成時間は、焼成温度との兼ね合いで適宜設定でき、通常1~10時間の範囲で決定することができる。
工程(G)において還元は、例えば、水素、重水素、一酸化炭素などを単独あるいは混合して得られる還元雰囲気下、または窒素、ヘリウム、アルゴンなどを単独あるいは混合して得られる不活性雰囲気下、もしくは真空下にて行うことができる。還元の際の温度は、通常100~600℃、好ましくは150~500℃である。還元時間は、通常0.5~5時間、好ましくは1~3時間である。
工程(H)において酸化は、空気雰囲気下、通常100~900℃、好ましくは200~800℃の範囲で行うことができる。酸化時間は、通常0.1~3時間、好ましくは0.3~2時間である。
この工程(H)により、上記物性を有する本発明の複合酸化物を得ることができる。
本発明の製造法により得られる複合酸化物粉末の粒径は、上記粉砕により所望粒径とすることができるが、例えば、排ガス浄化用触媒の助触媒として用いる場合には、平均粒径1~50μmとすることが好ましい。
実施例1
この例は、質量割合が85:11:4の酸化セリウム、酸化ジルコニウム及び酸化ランタンの合計100質量部に対して、5.3質量部の酸化ケイ素を添加した複合酸化物に関する。
4価のセリウムイオンを90モル%以上含有する硝酸第二セリウム溶液をCeO2換算で100g分取した後、純水にて総量2Lに調整した。次に、得られた溶液を100℃まで昇温し、30分間保持した後、室温まで自然冷却し、セリウム懸濁液を得た。
得られたセリウム懸濁液から母液を除去した後、オキシ硝酸ジルコニウム溶液45.8ml(ZrO2換算で11.5g含有)、硝酸ランタン溶液18.6ml(La2O3換算で4.6g含有)、コロイダルシリカ28.1g(SiO2換算で5.8g含有)を添加し、純水にて総量を2Lに調整した。
次いで、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化ランタン及び酸化ケイ素の前駆体を含むセリウム懸濁液を120℃にて2時間保持した後、自然冷却し、アンモニア水を加えてpH8.5まで中和した。
得られたスラリーを、ヌッチェろ過にて固液分離し、ろ過ケーキを得た。該ケーキを大気中、500℃で10時間焼成した。得られた焼成物を、90%アルゴン-10%水素雰囲気下において、250℃で2時間保持し還元処理を行った。次いで、空気雰囲気中、500℃で0.5時間焼成して酸化セリウム、酸化ジルコニウム及び酸化ランタンを、質量比で85:11:4で含み、酸化セリウム、酸化ジルコニウム及び酸化ランタン100質量部に対して酸化ケイ素を5.3質量部含む酸化セリウム主体の複合酸化物粉末を得た。
更に、空気雰囲気下、500℃で0.5時間焼成した後、ガス流量30mL/分の90%アルゴン-10%水素雰囲気において、昇温速度10℃/分で50℃から900℃まで加熱還元した。その後、空気雰囲気として500℃で0.5時間焼成後、比表面積をBET法により測定した。結果を表1に示す。
この例は、質量割合が90:4:4:2の酸化セリウム、酸化ランタン、酸化プラセオジム及び酸化アルミニウムの合計100質量部に対して、5.3質量部の酸化ケイ素を添加した複合酸化物に関する。
4価のセリウムイオンを90モル%以上含有する硝酸第二セリウム溶液をCeO2換算で50g分取した後、純水にて総量1Lに調整した。次に、得られた溶液を100℃まで昇温し、30分間保持した後、室温まで自然冷却し、セリウム懸濁液を得た。
得られたセリウム懸濁液から母液を除去した後、硝酸ランタン溶液8.8ml(La2O3換算で2.2g含有)、硝酸プラセオジム溶液8.7ml(Pr6O11換算で2.2g含有)、硝酸アルミニウム8.2g(Al2O3換算で1.1g含有)、コロイダルシリカ13.5g(SiO2換算で2.8g含有)を添加し、純水にて総量を1Lに調整した。
次いで、酸化ランタン、酸化プラセオジム、酸化アルミニウム及び酸化ケイ素の前駆体を含むセリウム懸濁液を120℃にて2時間保持した後、自然冷却し、アンモニア水を加えてpH8.5まで中和した。
得られたスラリーを、ヌッチェろ過にて固液分離し、ろ過ケーキを得た。該ケーキを大気中、500℃で10時間焼成した。得られた焼成物を、90%アルゴン-10%水素雰囲気下において、250℃で2時間保持し還元処理を行った。次いで、空気雰囲気中、500℃で0.5時間焼成して酸化セリウム、酸化ランタン、酸化プラセオジム及び酸化アルミニウムを、質量比で90:4:4:2で含み、酸化セリウム、酸化ランタン、酸化プラセオジム及び酸化アルミニウム100質量部に対して酸化ケイ素を5.3質量部含む酸化セリウム主体の複合酸化物粉末を得た。
得られた複合酸化物粉末の物性を実施例1と同様の方法で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
4価のセリウムイオンを90モル%以上含有する硝酸第二セリウム溶液を、CeO2換算で50g分取した後、純水にて総量を1Lに調整した。次に、得られた溶液を100℃まで昇温し、30分保持した後、室温まで自然冷却し、セリウム懸濁液を得た。
次いで、得られたセリウム懸濁液から母液を除去した後、硝酸ランタン溶液10.4ml(La2O3換算で2.6g含有)、硝酸プラセオジム溶液10.3ml(Pr6O11換算で2.6g含有)を添加し、純水にて総量を1Lに調整した。
次いで、酸化ランタン及び酸化プラセオジムの前駆体を含むセリウム懸濁液を120℃にて2時間保持した後、自然冷却し、アンモニア水を加えてpH8.5まで中和した。
得られたスラリーを、ヌッチェろ過にて固液分離し、ろ過ケーキを得た。該ケーキを大気中、500℃で10時間焼成した。得られた焼成物を、90%アルゴン-10%水素雰囲気下において、250℃で2時間保持し還元処理を行った。次いで、空気雰囲気中、500℃で0.5時間焼成して、酸化セリウム、酸化ランタン及び酸化プラセオジムを、質量比で90:5:5で含む酸化セリウム主体の複合酸化物粉末を得た。得られた複合酸化物粉末の物性を実施例1と同様の方法で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (11)
- セリウムと、イットリウムを含みセリウムを含まない希土類金属元素と、アルミニウム及びジルコニウムの少なくとも1種と、ケイ素とを含み、且つセリウムと、セリウム及びケイ素以外の前記他の元素とを酸化物換算の質量比で、85:15~99:1の範囲で含む複合酸化物であって、
10%水素-90%アルゴン雰囲気下、10℃/分の昇温速度で50℃から900℃まで昇温還元測定(TPR)を行った後、500℃で0.5時間の酸化処理を行い、再度前記昇温還元測定を行った結果から算出した400℃以下の還元率が2.0%以上を示す特性を有する複合酸化物。 - 前記昇温還元測定及び酸化処理を3回繰返した後のBET法による比表面積が30m2/g以上を示す特性を有する請求項1の複合酸化物。
- ケイ素を、該ケイ素以外の他の元素の酸化物換算による合計量100質量部に対して、SiO2換算で2.5~20質量部含む請求項1又は2の複合酸化物。
- 前記400℃以下の還元率が2.8%以上である請求項1~3のいずれかの複合酸化物。
- 前記BET法による比表面積が35m2/g以上である請求項2~4のいずれかの複合酸化物。
- セリウムイオンの90モル%以上が4価であるセリウム溶液を準備する工程(a)と、
工程(a)で準備したセリウム溶液を60℃以上に加熱保持する工程(b)と、
加熱保持して得たセリウム懸濁液に、イットリウムを含みセリウムを含まない希土類金属元素の酸化物の前駆体と、アルミニウム及びジルコニウムの少なくとも1種の酸化物の前駆体とを加える工程(c)と、
前記前駆体を含むセリウム懸濁液を100℃以上に加熱保持する工程(d)と、
工程(d)で得た懸濁液に、沈澱剤を添加し、沈澱物を得る工程(e)と、
沈澱物を仮焼する工程(f)と、
仮焼して得た酸化物に、酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液を含浸させる工程(g)と、
酸化ケイ素の前駆体溶液を含浸させた酸化物を、焼成する工程(h)と、
得られた焼成物を還元する工程(i)と、
還元物を酸化する工程(j)とを含む複合酸化物の製造法。 - セリウムイオンの90モル%以上が4価であるセリウム溶液を準備する工程(A)と、
工程(A)で準備したセリウム溶液を60℃以上に加熱保持する工程(B)と、
加熱保持して得たセリウム懸濁液に、酸化ケイ素の前駆体と、イットリウムを含みセリウムを含まない希土類金属元素の酸化物の前駆体と、アルミニウム及びジルコニウムの少なくとも1種の酸化物の前駆体とを加える工程(C)と、
前記前駆体を含むセリウム懸濁液を100℃以上に加熱保持する工程(D)と、
工程(D)で得た懸濁液に、沈澱剤を添加し、沈澱物を得る工程(E)と、
沈澱物を焼成する工程(F)と、
得られた焼成物を還元する工程(G)と、
還元物を酸化する工程(H)とを含む複合酸化物の製造法。 - 工程(a)又は工程(A)のセリウム溶液中のセリウム濃度が、CeO2換算で5~100g/Lである請求項6又は7の製造法。
- 工程(i)又は工程(G)の還元を150~500℃の温度範囲で行う請求項6~8のいずれかの製造法。
- 工程(j)又は工程(H)の酸化を200~800℃の温度範囲で行う請求項6~9のいずれかの製造法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかの複合酸化物を備えた排ガス浄化用触媒。
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| WO2012165363A1 true WO2012165363A1 (ja) | 2012-12-06 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2012/063587 Ceased WO2012165363A1 (ja) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-05-28 | 複合酸化物、その製造法及び排ガス浄化用触媒 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10610852B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2724776B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5911483B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101633167B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN103561863B (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2837844C (ja) |
| PL (1) | PL2724776T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012165363A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201308835B (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020519436A (ja) * | 2017-05-11 | 2020-07-02 | ローディア オペレーションズ | 耐性及びnox貯蔵容量が改善された混合酸化物 |
| CN117654465A (zh) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-03-08 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种高温直接降解氮氧化物的复合氧化物粉体及其制备方法 |
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- 2012-05-28 JP JP2013518070A patent/JP5911483B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JP2020519436A (ja) * | 2017-05-11 | 2020-07-02 | ローディア オペレーションズ | 耐性及びnox貯蔵容量が改善された混合酸化物 |
| JP7333274B2 (ja) | 2017-05-11 | 2023-08-24 | ローディア オペレーションズ | 耐性及びnox貯蔵容量が改善された混合酸化物 |
| CN117654465A (zh) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-03-08 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种高温直接降解氮氧化物的复合氧化物粉体及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103561863A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
| US10610852B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 |
| ZA201308835B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
| JPWO2012165363A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
| CA2837844C (en) | 2016-01-05 |
| CN103561863B (zh) | 2016-08-24 |
| CA2837844A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
| PL2724776T3 (pl) | 2018-02-28 |
| EP2724776A4 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
| RU2013158400A (ru) | 2015-07-20 |
| JP5911483B2 (ja) | 2016-04-27 |
| KR20140005343A (ko) | 2014-01-14 |
| EP2724776A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| KR101633167B1 (ko) | 2016-06-23 |
| US20140187415A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
| EP2724776B1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
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