WO2013013355A1 - 两亲高分子和用途 - Google Patents

两亲高分子和用途 Download PDF

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WO2013013355A1
WO2013013355A1 PCT/CN2011/001577 CN2011001577W WO2013013355A1 WO 2013013355 A1 WO2013013355 A1 WO 2013013355A1 CN 2011001577 W CN2011001577 W CN 2011001577W WO 2013013355 A1 WO2013013355 A1 WO 2013013355A1
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amphiphilic polymer
formula
mol
structural unit
integer
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French (fr)
Inventor
王金本
史学峰
徐晓慧
杨惠
王毅琳
阎海科
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Institute of Chemistry CAS
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Institute of Chemistry CAS
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Priority to EA201490339A priority Critical patent/EA026294B1/ru
Priority to CA2842788A priority patent/CA2842788C/en
Priority to ES11870106.9T priority patent/ES2641320T3/es
Priority to NO11870106A priority patent/NO2738191T3/no
Priority to DK11870106.9T priority patent/DK2738191T3/en
Priority to EP11870106.9A priority patent/EP2738191B1/en
Priority to US14/235,033 priority patent/US9243097B2/en
Publication of WO2013013355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013013355A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F232/00Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system
    • C08F232/02Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system having no condensed rings
    • C08F232/04Copolymers of cyclic compounds containing no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in a side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic ring system having no condensed rings having one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/16Sulfur-containing compounds
    • C04B24/161Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups
    • C04B24/163Macromolecular compounds comprising sulfonate or sulfate groups obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2652Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2688Copolymers containing at least three different monomers
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/03Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/035Organic additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C09K8/584Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/602Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation containing surfactants
    • C09K8/604Polymeric surfactants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/607Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation specially adapted for clay formations
    • C09K8/608Polymer compositions
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/62Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
    • C09K8/66Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • C09K8/68Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/84Compositions based on water or polar solvents
    • C09K8/86Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
    • C09K8/88Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
    • C09K8/882Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/52Amides or imides
    • C08F220/54Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
    • C08F220/58Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine
    • C08F220/585Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen, e.g. N-methylolacrylamide, N-(meth)acryloylmorpholine and containing other heteroatoms, e.g. 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid [AMPS]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an amphiphilic polymer and the use thereof, and the amphiphilic polymer is suitable for oil field drilling, cementing, fracturing, crude oil gathering and transportation, sewage treatment, sludge treatment and papermaking, and can be used as an enhanced oil recovery drive.
  • the polymer-based binary composite system (polymer/surfactant) and the ternary composite system (polymer/surfactant/base) enhance the emulsion stability of the crude oil production fluid, resulting in oil-water separation and sewage.
  • the difficulty of treatment is increased, and at the same time, under the condition of reservoir, the problem of weakening synergy between components is easily caused, and damage to the reservoir may be caused.
  • the application of composite systems is thus greatly limited.
  • Heavy oil exploitation is a common problem worldwide.
  • the main reason is that heavy oil has the characteristics of high viscosity, colloidal asphaltene or high wax content. It is not easy to flow in formations, wellbore and oil pipelines, and because of oil-water flow ratio Large, it is also easy to cause problems such as fast water seeing in the well, high water content in the produced fluid, and easy sand production in the formation.
  • Heavy oil production methods can be mainly divided into injection fluid mining (such as hot water flooding, steam stimulation, steam flooding, etc.) and stimulation production methods (such as horizontal wells, composite branch wells, electric heating, etc.).
  • Chemical viscosity reducer can effectively disperse and emulsify heavy oil, significantly reduce the viscosity of heavy oil, reduce the flow resistance of heavy oil in the formation and wellbore, which can reduce the energy consumption of mining process, reduce emission pollution, and improve heavy oil recovery.
  • the yield is of great significance.
  • the present invention relates to an amphiphilic polymer having repeating units as described below: structural unit A, high sterically hindered structural unit B, and amphiphilic structure for regulating molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and charge characteristics Unit C.
  • the structural unit that regulates molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and charge characteristics in one embodiment, the structural unit that regulates molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and charge characteristics
  • A includes (meth)acrylamide-based monomer units and/or (meth)acrylic monomer units A 2 ; preferably includes both (meth)acrylamide-based monomer units and (meth)acrylic monomer units A 2 .
  • the molecular weight of the amphiphilic polymer can usually be selected as needed, and the use is relatively between 100 and 20 million.
  • the (meth)acrylamide monomer A has a structure represented by the following formula (1):
  • 1 is 11 or a methyl group
  • R 2 and R 3 are each independently an alkyl group selected from H and C r C 3
  • R 2 and R 3 are preferably H.
  • the (meth)acrylic monomer unit A 2 is (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrylic acid salt; and the methacrylic acid salt is preferably sodium methacrylate.
  • the total number of all repeating units of the amphiphilic polymer is 100 mol%, and the (meth)acrylamide monomer unit accounts for 70-99 mol% of the total repeating unit of the entire amphiphilic polymer. It is preferably from 70 to 90 mol%, more preferably from 73 to 78 mol%.
  • the (meth)acrylic monomer unit A 2 has a molar percentage of all repeating units of the entire amphiphilic polymer of from 1 to 30 mol %, preferably from 1 to 25 mol %, more preferably from 20 to 25 mol %.
  • the structural unit A for regulating the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and charge characteristics has a structure represented by the following formula (2):
  • R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from H, dC 3 alkyl; R 2 and R 3 are preferably H; selected from H or methyl; Gr is -OH or - 0"Na + ; m, n represents the mole percentage of the structural unit in all repeating units of the entire amphiphilic polymer; m is 70-99 mol%, preferably 70-90 mol%, more preferably 73-78 mol%; It is 1-30 mol%, preferably 1-25 mol%, more preferably 20-25 mol%.
  • R r R 3 in formula (2) is preferably H, and Gr is preferably -0"Na + .
  • the high sterically hindered structural unit B contains at least a structure G, which is an annular hydrocarbon structure formed on the basis of two adjacent carbon atoms of the main chain or is selected from the formula (3)
  • the structure indicated, optionally in the structural unit B, contains the structure shown in the formula (4):
  • R 5 is H or methyl; preferably H; R 6 is selected from the group represented by the following formulas (5) to (6):
  • a is an integer of 1 to 11; preferably 1 to 7;
  • R 7 is H or methyl
  • R 8 is selected from - NHPhOH, -OCH 2 Ph, -OPhOH, -OPhCOOH and salts thereof, -NHC(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 S0 3 H and salts thereof , -OC(CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) b CH 3 , -NHC(CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) e CH 3 , -OC(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) d CH 3 , - HC(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) e CH 3 ,
  • b and c are each an integer of 0-21, preferably 1-11; d and e are each an integer of 0-17, preferably 1-7; f is an integer of 2-8, preferably 2-4; X—is C1—or Br—.
  • the high sterically hindered structural unit B contains the structure G and the structure shown in the formula (4).
  • the structure G in the above high sterically hindered structural unit B accounts for 0.02-2 mol%, preferably 0.02-1.0 mol%, more preferably 0.05-0.5 mol%, of all repeating units of the entire amphiphilic polymer. .
  • the structure represented by the formula (4) in the above high sterically hindered structural unit B accounts for 0.05 to 5 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mol%, more preferably in the total repeating unit of the entire amphiphilic polymer. It is 0.1-0.5 mol%.
  • the high sterically hindered structural unit B has the structure shown in the formula (7):
  • the definition of the formula (7) G is as described above, and is preferably a structure represented by the formula (3), R 7 and R 8 are as defined in the above formula (4);
  • X and y respectively represent the mole percentage of the structural unit in all repeating units of the two polymers;
  • X is 0.02 to 2 mol%, preferably 0.02- 1.0 mol%, more preferably 0.05-0.5 mol%;
  • y is 0.05-5 mol%, preferably 0.1-2.5 mol%, More preferably, it is 0.1-0.5 mol%.
  • amphiphile has the structure shown in equation (8):
  • R 9 is H or methyl;
  • R 1Q is -0- or -NH-;
  • R n is a linear hydrocarbon group, a branched hydrocarbon group, a polyoxyethylene group (PEO), a polyoxypropylene group ( A group of PPO), PEO and PPO blocks, monoquaternary ammonium salts, polyquaternary ammonium salts or sulfonic acids and salts thereof.
  • the above-mentioned amphiphilic structural unit C accounts for 0.05 to 10 mol%, preferably 0.1 to 5.0 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 1.75 mol%, based on the total of all repeating units of the amphiphilic polymer.
  • the structure consisting of R 1 ( ) and R n may be selected from
  • g, i, k, and q are each an integer of 1-6, preferably 2-4; h, j are each an integer of 3-21, preferably 3-17; p is an integer of 3-9, preferably 3-5 a is an integer of 1-12, preferably 1-8; ⁇ , ⁇ are each an integer of 0-40, ⁇ is preferably 0-25, ⁇ is preferably 0-15; ⁇ is an integer of 0-21, preferably 0-17; ⁇ is an integer of 4-18, preferably 4-12; ⁇ is an integer of 1 to 21, preferably 1-15; ⁇ , ⁇ are each an integer of 1-30, preferably 1-20; ⁇ , ⁇ are 3-21 respectively An integer, preferably 3-17; ⁇ is an integer from 0 to 9, preferably 0-5; r is an integer from 3 to 21, preferably 3-17; s is an integer from 3 to 9, preferably 3-5; C1—or Br—.
  • amphiphilic polymer has the structure shown in formula (9):
  • the amphiphilic polymer of the present invention has a molecular weight of from 1,000,000 to 20,000,000; preferably from 3 million to 13 million.
  • the amphiphilic polymer of the present invention can be produced by a method known in the art, for example, by a structural unit monomer, high space which functions to adjust molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics.
  • the sterically hindered structural unit monomer and the amphiphilic structural unit monomer are polymerized by an initiator; the polymerization reaction may be a polymerization method well known in the art such as suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, precipitation polymerization, and the like.
  • a typical preparation method is as follows: Dispersing or dissolving the above monomers in a water system by stirring, and initiating polymerization under nitrogen gas to form an amphiphilic polymer.
  • the related art for preparing an amphiphilic polymer in the prior art can be used for the preparation of the amphiphilic polymer of the present invention.
  • the monomers used in the preparation of the amphiphilic polymer can be directly obtained commercially or directly prepared according to the prior art to IJ.
  • the synthesis route of some monomers is described in detail in the specific examples.
  • Fig. 1 is a graph showing the viscosity-concentration relationship of an amphiphilic polymer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention at 85 ° C in a mineralization degree of 3 X 10 4 mg/L.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the viscosity-temperature relationship of the amphiphilic polymer obtained in Example 1 of the present invention in a concentration of 1 750 mg/L in 3 X 10 4 mg/mineralized saline.
  • Example 1 The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but the invention is not limited to the following examples.
  • Example 1 The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but the invention is not limited to the following examples.
  • amphiphilic polymer synthesized in this embodiment is represented by the formula (I):
  • amphiphilic polymer synthesized in this embodiment is represented by the formula (III):
  • amphiphilic polymer synthesized in this embodiment is represented by the formula (V):
  • amphiphilic polymer synthesized in this embodiment is represented by the formula (VI):
  • the figure shows that the amphiphilic polymer solutions of Examples 1-5 still have good tackifying ability under high temperature and high salinity conditions.
  • the high steric hindrance unit in the amphiphilic polymer reduces the degree of rotational freedom in the main chain, increases the rigidity of the macromolecular chain, makes the macromolecular chain difficult to distort and tends to stretch, resulting in an increase in macromolecular hydrodynamic radius, and
  • the amphiphilic structural unit forms an association microdomain by intramolecular or intermolecular interaction, which significantly improves the solution viscosity-increasing ability under high temperature and high salt conditions.
  • Test method 25ml of three oilfield electro-de-oil samples were added to a 50ml plugged test tube at a temperature of 25 °C, and 25ml of an aqueous solution of amphiphilic polymers of different concentrations prepared by steaming water was added, and the test tube plug was tightly closed. Use manual mode to shake or place the test tube in the shaker box. Shake it horizontally 80-100 times. The amplitude should be greater than 20cm. After mixing thoroughly, loosen the test tube plug. The viscosity reduction rate of crude oil is calculated according to the following formula:
  • Example 6 Example 10 The results of the viscosity reduction test of the amphiphilic polymer heavy oil (oil to water ratio 1:1)
  • Table 1 shows that the amphiphilic polymers of Examples 6-10 have a good viscosity reducing effect on the three oil samples. As the concentration of the amphiphilic polymer solution increases, the viscosity reduction rate increases. When the concentration of the solution is the same, the viscosity of the oil sample increases and the corresponding viscosity reduction rate increases. The amphiphilic polymer effectively emulsifies and disperses the crude oil through the synergistic action of the high steric hindrance unit and the amphiphilic structural unit, and the viscosity of the crude oil is remarkably lowered. Industrial application
  • amphiphilic polymer of the invention is used for oil field drilling, cementing, fracturing, crude oil gathering, sewage treatment, sludge treatment and papermaking, and can be used as an enhanced oil recovery agent, a heavy oil viscosity reducer, Fracturing fluid, clay stabilizer, sewage treatment agent, paper retention aid or reinforcing agent.
  • the solution When used as an oil displacing agent, the solution still has a significant viscosity-increasing effect under high temperature and high salt conditions, which can improve the recovery rate of crude oil.
  • a heavy oil viscosity reducer by effectively dispersing and emulsifying the heavy oil, the viscosity of the heavy oil is significantly reduced, and the flow resistance of the heavy oil in the formation and the wellbore is reduced.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种两亲高分子及其用途。该两亲高分子具有调节分子量与分子量分布以及荷电特性作用的结构单元、高空间位阻结构单元和两亲结构单元,适用于油田钻井、固井、压裂、原油集输、污水处理、污泥处理和造纸等领域,可用作强化采油驱油剂、稠油降粘剂、压裂液、粘土稳定剂、污水处理剂、造纸用助留助滤剂或补强剂等。

Description

两亲高分子和用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种两亲高分子及其用途, 该两亲高分子适用于油田钻井、 固井、 压裂、 原油集输、 污水处理、 污泥处理和造纸等领域, 可用作强化采油驱油剂、 稠 油降粘剂、 压裂液、 粘土稳定剂、 污水处理剂、 造纸用助留助滤剂或补强剂等。 背景技术
化学方法是重要的强化采油提高原油采收率 (Enhanced Oil Recovery, EOR) 技术, 而以聚合物驱为代表的化学驱是其中最有效和具潜力的措施之一。 然而, 随 着聚合物驱技术的深入实施, 常规驱油用聚合物体系凸显出一些问题。 举例来说, 广泛使用的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺聚合物在高温高盐油藏条件下增粘能力、 热稳定性 迅速降低, 同时其本身不具有表面 /界面活性, 不能有效启动油膜, 挖掘剩余油的 能力有限。 而以聚合物为基础的二元复合体系 (聚合物 /表面活性剂) 和三元复合 体系 (聚合物 /表面活性剂 /碱)增强了原油采出液的乳化稳定性, 导致油水分离和 污水处理难度增大, 同时在油藏条件下容易造成组分间协同作用减弱的问题, 并可 能对油藏造成伤害。 复合体系的应用因而受到很大限制。
稠油开采是世界范围内的共同难题,其主要原因是稠油具有粘度大、胶质沥青 质或含蜡量高的特点, 在地层、 井筒及输油管线中不易流动, 另外由于油水流度比 大, 还易造成油井见水快、 采出液含水率高、 地层易出砂等问题。 稠油开采方法主 要可分为注入流体开采 (如热水驱、 蒸汽吞吐、 蒸汽驱等) 和增产型开采方式 (如 水平井、 复合分支井、 电加热等) 。 化学降粘剂对于稠油可进行有效分散、 乳化等 作用, 显著降低稠油粘度、 减小稠油在地层和井筒中流动阻力, 这对于降低开采过 程能耗、 减少排放污染、 提高稠油采收率具有重要意义。
发明公开
本发明以下内容中, 除另有定义外, 相同的可变基团、 分子式 /结构式等均具 有相同的定义。
本发明涉及一种两亲高分子,所述两亲高分子具有如下所述的重复单元: 调节 分子量、 分子量分布以及荷电特性作用的结构单元 A、 高空间位阻结构单元 B和两 亲结构单元 C。
在一个实施例中,所述调节分子量、分子量分布以及荷电特性作用的结构单元
A包括 (甲基)丙烯酰胺类单体单元 和/或 (甲基)丙烯酸类单体单元 A2;优选同时包 括 (甲基)丙烯酰胺类单体单元 和 (甲基)丙烯酸类单体单元 A2。 在本领域中, 两亲 高分子的分子量通常可根据需要进行选择, 使用比较多的是 100-2000万之间。
优选的, 所述 (甲基)丙烯酰胺类单体 A具有如下式 (1)所示的结构:
Figure imgf000002_0001
式 (1)中, 1^为11或甲基; R2和 R3各自独立的选自 H、 CrC3的烷基; R2和 R3 优选为 H。
优选的,所述 (甲基)丙烯酸类单体单元 A2为 (甲基)丙烯酸和 /或 (甲基)丙烯酸盐; 甲基丙烯酸盐优选为甲基丙烯酸钠。
优选的, 以两亲高分子所有重复单元总数为 100mol %计, 所述 (甲基)丙烯酰胺 类单体单元 在整个两亲高分子所有重复单元中所占的摩尔百分数为 70-99mol%, 优选为 70-90mol %, 更优选 73-78mol %。
优选的,所述 (甲基)丙烯酸类单体单元 A2整个两亲高分子所有重复单元中所占 的摩尔百分数为 l-30mol %, 优选 l-25mol %, 更优选 20-25mol %。
在另一个实施例中,所述调节分子量、分子量分布以及荷电特性作用的结构单 元 A具有如下式 (2)所示的结构:
Figure imgf000003_0001
式 (2)
其中, 1^为11或甲基; R2和 R3各自独立的选自 H、 d-C3的烷基; R2和 R3优 选为 H; 选自 H或甲基; Gr为 -OH或 -0"Na+; m, n表示该结构单元在整个两亲 高分子所有重复单元中所占的摩尔百分数; m为 70-99mol%, 优选为 70-90mol %, 更优选 73-78mol % ; n为 l-30mol %, 优选 l-25mol %, 更优选 20-25mol %。
在另一个实施例中, 式 (2)中 RrR3优选为 H, Gr优选为 -0"Na+
在另一个实施例中,所述高空间位阻结构单元 B至少含有结构 G,所述结构 G 为以主链相邻两个碳原子为基础形成的环状烃结构或选自式 (3)表示的结构,结构单 元 B中任选的含有式 (4)所示的结构:
Figure imgf000003_0002
式 (3) 式 (4)
式 3)中, R5为 H或甲基; 优选为 H; R6选自如下式 (5)-(6)所示的基团:
CH2― 0(CH2)2COOCH2CH3
- ― NHc― ― 0(CH2)2COOCH2CH-
Figure imgf000003_0003
CH2— 0(CH2)2COOCH2CH;
式 (5) 式 (6) 式 (5)中, a为 1-11的整数; 优选为 1-7;
式 (4)中, R7为 H或甲基; R8选自- NHPhOH、 -OCH2Ph、 -OPhOH、 -OPhCOOH 及其盐、 -NHC(CH3)2CH2S03H及其盐、 -OC(CH3)2(CH2)bCH3、 -NHC(CH3)2(CH2)eCH3、 -OC(CH3)2CH2C(CH3)2(CH2)dCH3、 - HC(CH3)2CH2C(CH3)2(CH2)eCH3
-0(CH2)fN+(CH3)2
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中, b、 c分别为 0-21的整数, 优选为 1-11 ; d、 e分别为 0-17的整数, 优选 为 1-7; f为 2-8的整数, 优选为 2-4; X—为 C1—或 Br―。
优选的, 所述高空间位阻结构单元 B含有结构 G和式 (4)所示的结构。
在另一个实施例中, 所述以主链相邻两个碳原子为基础形成的环状烃结构选
-CH— CH一
H C、 CH2
Figure imgf000004_0002
优选的, 上述高空间位阻结构单元 B中结构 G在整个两亲高分子所有重复单 元中所占的摩尔百分数为 0.02-2mol%,优选 0.02-1.0mol%,更优选为 0.05-0.5mol%。
优选的, 上述高空间位阻结构单元 B中式 (4)所示的结构在整个两亲高分子所 有重复单元中所占的摩尔百分数为 0.05-5mol%、 优选为 0.1-2.5mol%, 更优选为 0.1-0.5mol%。
在另一个实施例中, 所述高空间位阻结构单元 B具有式 (7)所示的结构:
、 、 I
。=ϊ 式 (7)
式 (7) G的定义如上所述, 优选为式 (3)所表示的结构、
Figure imgf000004_0003
Figure imgf000004_0004
R7和 R8的定义如上述式 (4)所述; X和 y分别表示该结 构单元在整个两泶高分子所有重复单元中所占的摩尔百分数; X为 0.02-2mol%, 优 选 0.02-1.0mol%, 更优选为 0.05-0.5mol%; y为 0.05-5mol%、 优选为 0.1-2.5mol%, 更优选为 0.1-0.5mol%。
在另一个实施例中, 所述两亲 具有式 (8)所示的结构:
Figure imgf000005_0001
式 (8)
式 (8)中, R9为 H或甲基; R1Q为 -0-或 -NH-; Rn为含有直链烃基、 支链烃基、 聚氧乙烯基 (PEO)、 聚氧丙烯基 (PPO)、 PEO与 PPO嵌段、 单季铵盐、 多季铵盐或 磺酸及其盐的基团。
优选的, 上述两亲结构单元 C在整个两亲高分子所有重复单元中所占的摩尔 百分数为 0.05-10mol%, 优选 0.1-5. Omol%, 更优选 0.5-1.75mol%。
在另一个实施例中, R1()与 Rn组成的结构可选自
-0(CH2)gN+(CH3)2(CH2)hCH3X、 - H(CH2)1N+(CH3)2(CH2)JCH3X、
-0(CH2)kN+((CH2)fCH3)pX
-0(CH2)qN+(CH3)2(CH2)aCH(S03H)CH2(EO)p(PO (CH2)sCH3X、
- H(CH2)qN+(CH3)2(CH2)aCH(S03H)CH2(EO)p(PO (CH2)sCH3X、
-0(CH2)qN+(CH3)2(CH2)aCH(COOH)CH2(EO)p(PO)Y(CH2)sCH3X
- H(CH2)qN+(CH3)2(CH2)aCH(COOH)CH2(EO)p(PO)Y(CH2)sCH3X
-0(CH2)2N+(CH3)2(CH2)eS03 -(OCH(CH2N+(CH3)2(CH2)?CH3Cr)CH2)110(CH2)eCH3 -(OCH(CH2N+((CH2 CH3)3Cr)CH2XO(CH2)KCH3、 -OCH(CH2N+(CH3)2(CH2)rCH3X ))2
-OCH(CH2N+((CH2)sCH3)3X ))2
其中, g、 i、 k、 q分别为 1-6的整数, 优选 2-4; h、 j分别为 3-21的整数, 优 选 3-17; p为 3-9的整数, 优选 3-5; a为 1-12的整数, 优选 1-8; β、 γ分别为 0-40 的整数, β优选 0-25, γ优选 0-15; δ为 0-21的整数, 优选 0-17; ε为 4-18的整数, 优选 4-12; ζ为 1-21的整数, 优选 1-15; η、 ι分别为 1-30的整数, 优选 1-20; θ、 κ分别为 3-21的整数, 优选 3-17; λ为 0-9的整数, 优选 0-5; r为 3-21的整数, 优 选 3-17; s为 3-9的整数, 优选 3-5; X—为 C1—或 Br―。
在另一个实施例中, 所述两亲高分子具有式 (9)所示的结构:
Figure imgf000005_0002
式 (9) 式 (9)中, R4, m, n的定义如上述式 (2)所述; R7, R8, G, x, y的定义如式 (7) 所述; R9, Rio, Rn的定义如上述式 (8)所述, z表示该结构单元在整个两亲高分子 所有重复单元中所占的摩尔百分数, z为 0.05-10mol%, 优选 0.1-5.0mol%, 更优选 0.5-1.75mol % 0
具体的,
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000006_0002
Π )
Figure imgf000006_0003
(HI)
Figure imgf000007_0001
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000008_0002
Figure imgf000008_0003
(IX)
Figure imgf000009_0001
(X)
本发明上述两亲高分子的分子量为 100万 -2000万之间; 优选为 300万 -1300 万之间。
分子量 M的测定方法: 使用乌氏粘度计测定特性粘数 [;;], 并将测得的 [;;]代 入下面公式中计算得到;
Μ = 02 [η]1 15 本发明所述两亲高分子可采用本技术领域所已知的方法制备,例如: 通过起调 节分子量、 分子量分布以及荷电特性作用的结构单元单体、 高空间位阻结构单元单 体和两亲结构单元单体在引发剂作用下聚合而成; 聚合反应可以为悬浮聚合、 乳液 聚合、 溶液聚合、 沉淀聚合等本领域熟知的聚合方法。
典型的制备方法为: 在水体系中通过搅拌的方式分散或溶解上述各单体,在氮 气保护下引发聚合形成两亲性高分子。 现有技术中制备两亲高分子的相关技术均可 用于本发明的两亲高分子的制备。
制备两亲高分子所采用的单体均可直接商购获得,或依据现有技术直接制备得 至 IJ, 一些单体的合成路线在具体实施例中有详细说明。
附图说明
图 1 本发明实施例 1一实施例 5制得的两亲高分子在 3 X 104mg/L矿化度盐水 中 85°C下的粘浓关系曲线。
图 2 本发明实施例 1一实施例 5制得的两亲高分子在 3 X 104mg/矿化度盐水中 浓度为 1750mg/L时的粘温关系曲线。
实施发明的最佳方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明, 但本发明并不限于以下实施例。 实施例 1
本实施例合成的两亲高分子如式( I )所示:
Figure imgf000010_0001
本实施例的两亲高分子的合成:
先将占总反应体系重量 3/4的水加入反应釜中, 再将占总反应体系重量 1/4的 各种单体加入反应釜, 各重复单元的摩尔百分数 m、 n、 x、 y、 z依次为 78%、 20 % 0.25%、 0.5%、 1.25%, 搅拌使它们完全溶解, 并向其中加入 pH值调节剂调节 反应溶液, 使其 pH为 9左右, 通氮气 30 min除去其中的氧气。 在氮气保护下加入 引发剂, 再通氮气 10 min后封口,在 25 °C下反应, 反应约 4 h反应结束, 反应完全。 所得产品经过干燥, 得到粉末状两亲高分子。 两亲高分子的分子量 M为 1280x l04
Figure imgf000010_0002
本实施例两亲高分子的合成:
先将占总反应体系重量 3/4的水加入反应釜中, 再将占总反应体系重量 1/4的 各种单体加入反应釜, 各重复单元的摩尔百分数 m、 n、 x、 y、 z依次为 75%、 23 % 0.15%、 0.1%、 1.75%, 搅拌使它们完全溶解, 并向其中加入 pH值调节剂调节 反应溶液, 使其 pH为 8左右, 通氮气 40 min除去其中的氧气。 在氮气保护下加入 引发剂, 再通氮气 10 min后封口,在 20°C下反应, 反应约 5 h反应结束, 反应完全。 所得产品经过干燥, 得到粉末状两亲高分子。 两亲高分子的分子量为 1080x l04
实施例 3
本实施例合成的两亲高分子如式 (III)所示:
Figure imgf000011_0001
本实施例两亲高分子的合成:
先将占总反应体系重量 3/4的水加入反应釜中, 再将占总反应体系重量 1/4的 各种单体加入反应釜, 各重复单元的摩尔百分数 m、 n、 x、 y、 z依次为 75%、 24 % 0.25%、 0.25%、 0.5%, 搅拌使它们完全溶解, 并向其中加入 pH值调节剂调节 反应溶液, 使其 pH为 9左右, 通氮气 30 min除去其中的氧气。 在氮气保护下加入 引发剂, 再通氮气 10 min后封口,在 25°C下反应, 反应约 6 h反应结束, 反应完全。 所得产品经过干燥, 得到粉末状两亲高分子。 两亲高分子的分子量为 590x l04 实施例 4
Figure imgf000011_0002
Figure imgf000012_0001
本实施例两亲高分子的合成:
先将占总反应体系重量 3/4的水加入反应釜中, 再将占总反应体系重量 1/4的 各种单体加入反应釜, 各重复单元的摩尔百分数 m、 n、 x、 y、 z依次为 75%、 23 % 0.05%、 0.25%、 1.7%, 搅拌使它们完全溶解, 并向其中加入 pH值调节剂调节 反应溶液, 使其 pH为 9左右, 通氮气 30 min除去其中的氧气。 在氮气保护下加入 引发剂, 再通氮气 10 min后封口,在 18°C下反应, 反应约 6 h反应结束, 反应完全, 所得产品经过干燥, 得到粉末状两亲高分子。 两亲高分子的分子量为 470x l04
实施例 5
本实施例合成的两亲高分子如式 (V)所示:
Figure imgf000013_0001
:
Figure imgf000013_0002
本实施例两亲高分子的合成:
先将占总反应体系重量 3/4的水加入反应釜中, 再将占总反应体系重量 1/4的 各种单体加入反应釜, 各重复单元的摩尔百分数 m、 n、 x、 y、 z依次为 78%、 20 % 0.1%、 0.25%、 1.65%拌使它们完全溶解, 并向其中加入 pH值调节剂调节反应 溶液, 使其 pH为 10左右, 通氮气 30 min除去其中的氧气。在氮气保护下加入引发 剂, 再通氮气 lO min后封口, 在 25 °C下反应, 反应约 6 h反应结束, 反应完全。 所 得产品经过干燥, 得到粉末状两亲高分子。 两亲高分子的分子量为 530 X 104
实施例 6
本实施例合成的两亲高分子如式 (VI)所示:
Figure imgf000013_0003
(VI) 本实施例两亲高分子的合成:
先将占总反应体系重量 3/4的水加入反应釜中, 再将占总反应体系重量 1/4的 各种单体加入反应釜, 各重复单元的摩尔百分数 m、 n、 x、 y、 z依次为 73%、 25 % 0.5%、 0.5%、 1%, 搅拌使它们完全溶解, 并向其中加入 pH值调节剂调节反应 溶液, 使其 pH为 8左右, 通氮气 30 min除去其中的氧气。 在氮气保护下加入引发 剂, 再通氮气 10 min后封口, 在 45 °C下反应, 反应约 3 h反应结束, 反应完全。 所 得产品经过干燥, 得到粉末状两亲高分子。 两亲高分子的分子量为 640x l04
实施例 7
本实施
Figure imgf000014_0001
本实施例两亲高分子的合成:
先将占总反应体系重量 3/4的水加入反应釜中, 再将占总反应体系重量 1/4的 各种单体加入反应釜, 各重复单元的摩尔百分数 m、 n、 x、 y、 z依次为 77%、 22 % 0.25%、 0.25%、 0.5%, 搅拌使它们完全溶解, 并向其中加入 pH值调节剂调节 反应溶液, 使其 pH为 9左右, 通氮气 30 min除去其中的氧气。 在氮气保护下加入 引发剂, 再通氮气 10 min后封口,在 55 °C下反应, 反应约 2 h反应结束, 反应完全。 所得产品经过干燥, 得到粉末状两亲高分子。 两亲高分子的分子量为 820x l04
实施例 8
本实
Figure imgf000014_0002
(環) 本实施例两亲高分子的合成:
先将占总反应体系重量 3/4的水加入反应釜中, 再将占总反应体系重量 各种单体加入反应釜, 各重复单元的摩尔百分数 m、 n、 x、 y、 z依次为 73% % 0.25%、 0.15%、 0.6%, 搅拌使它们完全溶解, 并向其中加入 pH值调节剂调节 反应溶液, 使其 pH为 10左右, 通氮气 30 min除去其中的氧气。在氮气保护下加入 引发剂, 再通氮气 10 min后封口,在 55 °C下反应, 反应约 3 h反应结束, 反应完全。 所得产品经过干燥, 得到粉末状两亲高分子。 两亲高分子的分子量为 360x l04
实施例 9
Figure imgf000015_0001
本实施例两亲高分子的合成:
先将占总反应体系重量 3/4的水加入反应釜中, 再将占总反应体系重量 1/4的 各种单体加入反应釜, 各重复单元的摩尔百分数 m、 n、 x、 y、 z依次为 75%、 23 % 0.5%、 0.25%、 1.25%, 搅拌使它们完全溶解, 并向其中加入 pH值调节剂调节 反应溶液, 使其 pH为 8左右, 通氮气 30 min除去其中的氧气。 在氮气保护下加入 引发剂, 再通氮气 10 min后封口, 在 50°C下反应, 反应约 2.5 h反应结束, 反应完 全。所得产品经过干燥,得到粉末状两亲高分子。两亲高分子的分子量为 1260x l04
实施例 10
本实
Figure imgf000015_0002
本实施例两亲高分子的合成:
先将占总反应体系重量 3/4的水加入反应釜中, 再将占总反应体系重量 1/4的 各种单体加入反应釜, 各重复单元的摩尔百分数 m、 n、 x、 y、 z依次为 75%、 24 % 0.25%、 0.25%、 0.5%, 搅拌使它们完全溶解, 并向其中加入 pH值调节剂调节 反应溶液, 使其 pH为 8左右, 通氮气 30 min除去其中的氧气。 在氮气保护下加入 引发剂, 再通氮气 10 min后封口,在 50°C下反应, 反应约 4 h反应结束, 反应完全。 所得产品经过干燥, 得到粉末状两亲高分子。 两亲高分子的分子量为 810x l04。 测定实施例 测定例 1
使用矿化度 3 X 104mg/L的盐水配制不同浓度的两亲高分子溶液, 测定溶液浓 度、 温度与溶液粘度的关系, 结果见图 1和图 2。
图中表明, 在高温和高矿化度条件下, 实施例 1-5的两亲高分子溶液仍具有良 好的增粘能力。 两亲高分子中的高空间位阻单元减小了主链内旋转自由度、 增加了 大分子链的刚性,使大分子链难于蜷曲而趋向伸展,导致大分子流体力学半径增大, 同时, 两亲结构单元通过分子内或分子间作用形成缔合微区, 显著提高了高温高盐 条件下的溶液增粘能力。 测定例 2
测试方法: 温度为 25 °C下, 将三种油田电脱原油样品 25ml加入 50ml具塞试 管中, 继续加入 25ml以蒸熘水配制的不同浓度两亲高分子的水溶液, 盖紧试管塞 后, 采用手工方式振荡或将试管放置在振荡箱内, 水平振荡 80-100次, 振幅应大于 20cm, 充分混合后, 松动试管塞。 原油降粘率按照下式计算:
降粘率 (%)=画口口口驅翻本謹
原油样品粘度
实施例 6—实施例 10制得的两亲高分子稠油降粘实验结果(油水比 1 : 1,
25 °C )
油水体积比 (1 : 1 ) 降粘率 降粘率 降粘率 油样 1 油样 2 油样 3
试验温度 (25 °C ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 初始粘度 (mPa-s) 1500 ― 4900 ― 21000 ―
400mg/L 625 1450 5200
58.33 70.41 75.24
600mg/L 410 1075 2850
72.67 78.06 86.43 实施例 800mg/L 300 875 1550
6 80.00 82.14 92.62
1000mg/L 275 650 1050
81.67 86.73 95.00
1200mg/L 250 575 925
83.33 88.27 95.60
400mg/L 690 1550 5500
54.00 68.37 73.81
600mg/L 475 1125 2700
68.33 77.04 87.14 实施例 800mg/L 350 975 1650
7 76.67 80.10 92.14 lOOOmg/L 295 680 1100
80.33 86.12 94.76
1200mg/L 280 590 990
81.33 87.96 95.29
400mg/L 605 1275 4550
59.67 73.98 78.33
600mg/L 380 900 2350
74.67 81.63 88.81 实施例 8
800mg/L 275 650 1425
81.67 86.73 93.21 lOOOmg/L 250 550 975
83.33 88.78 95.36 1200mg/L 230 500 890
84.67 89.80 95.76
400mg/L 595 1250 4950
60.33 74.49 76.43
600mg/L 365 880 2750
75.67 82.04 86.90 实施例 800mg/L 250 675 1500
9 83.33 86.22 92.86 lOOOmg/L 225 575 1225
85.00 88.27 94.17
1200mg/L 210 510 1100
86.00 89.59 94.76
400mg/L 675 1325 4850
55.00 72.96 76.90
600mg/L 450 950 2375
70.00 80.61 88.69 实施例 800mg/L 340 705 1525
10 77.33 85.61 92.74 lOOOmg/L 295 585 1050
80.33 88.06 95.00
1200mg/L 270 525 875
82.00 89.29 95.83 表 1说明, 实施例 6-10的两亲高分子对于三种油样具有很好的降粘效果。 随 两亲高分子溶液浓度增加, 降粘率增大。 溶液浓度相同时, 油样粘度提高则相应降 粘率增大。两亲高分子通过高空间位阻单元与两亲结构单元的协同作用,有效乳化、 分散原油, 显著降低了原油粘度。 工业应用
本发明的两亲高分子的用途, 其用于油田钻井、 固井、 压裂、 原油集输、 污水 处理、 污泥处理和造纸, 可用作强化采油驱油剂、 稠油降粘剂、 压裂液、 粘土稳定 剂、 污水处理剂、 造纸用助留助滤剂或补强剂等。
特别适用于原油开采领域, 如可用作强化采油聚合物驱油剂和稠油降粘剂。作 为驱油剂使用时, 溶液在高温高盐条件下仍具有显著增粘效果, 能够提高原油采收 率。 作为稠油降粘剂时, 通过有效分散和乳化稠油, 显著降低稠油粘度、 减小稠油 在地层和井筒中流动阻力。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 具有调节分子量与分子量分布以及荷电特 性作用的结构单元 A、高空间位阻结构单元 B和两亲结构单元 C作为重复结构单元。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 所述调节分子量、 分子量 分布以及荷电特性作用的结构单元 A包括 (甲基)丙烯酰胺类单体单元 和/或 (甲基) 丙烯酸类单体单元 A2
3、 如权利要求 1所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 所述高空间位阻结构单元 B含有结构 G, 所述结构 G为以主链相邻两个碳原子为基础形成的环状烃结构或选 自式 (3)表示的结构, 所述高空间位阻结构单元 B任选的含有式 (4)所示的结构:
Figure imgf000018_0001
式 (3) 式 (4)
H3
Figure imgf000018_0002
式 (5) 式 (6)
式 (5)中, a为 1-11的整数。
式 (4)中, R7为 H或甲基; R8选自- HPhOH、 -OCH2Ph、 -OPhOH、 -OPhCOOH 及其盐、 -NHC(CH3)2CH2S03H及其盐、 -OC(CH3)2(CH2)bCH3、 -NHC(CH3)2(CH2)eCH3、 -OC(CH3)2CH2C(CH3)2(CH2)dCH3、 - HC(CH3)2CH2C(CH3)2(CH2)eCH3
-0(CH2)fN+(CH3)2CH2PhX 、
Figure imgf000018_0003
其中, b、 c分别为 0-21的整数; d、 e分别为 0-17的整数; f为 2-8的整数;
X—为 C1—或 Br―。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 所述两亲结构单元 C具有 式 (8)所示的结构: ^10
式 (8)
式 (8)中, R9为 H或甲基, R1Q为 -0-或 -NH -, Rn为含有直链烃基、 支链烃基、 聚氧乙烯基 (PEO)、 聚氧丙烯基 (PPO)、 PEO与 PPO嵌段、 单季铵盐、 多季铵盐或 磺酸及其盐的基团。
5、 如权利要求 2所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 以两亲高分子所有重复单 元总数为 100mol%计,所述 (甲基)丙烯酰胺类单体单元 在整个两亲高分子所有重 复单元中所占的摩尔百分数为 70-99mol%; 所述 (甲基)丙烯酸类单体单元 A2在整个 两亲高分子所有重复单元中所占的摩尔百分数为 l-30mol%。
6、 如权利要求 3所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 以两亲高分子所有重复单 元总数为 100mol%计, 结构 G在整个两亲高分子所有重复单元中所占的摩尔百分 数为 0.02-2mol%;式 (4)所示的结构在整个两亲高分子所有重复单元中所占的摩尔百 分数为 0.05-5mol%。
7、 如权利要求 4所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 以两亲高分子所有重复单 元总数为 100mol%计, 所述式 (8)表示的结构单元在整个两亲高分子所有重复单元 中所占的摩尔百分数为 0.05-10mol%。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 所述调节分子量、 分子量 分布以及荷电特性作用的结构 A具有如下式 (2)所示的结构:
Figure imgf000019_0001
式 (2)
式 (2)中, 1^为11或甲基; R2和 R3各自独立的选自 H、 d-C3的烷基; R4选自 H或甲基; Gr为 -0H或 -0"Na+; m和 n表示该结构单元在整个两亲高分子所有重复 单元中所占的摩尔百分数; m为 70-99mol%; n为 l-30mol%。
9、 如权利要求 3所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 所述以主链相邻两个碳原 子为基础形成的环状烃结构选自:
Figure imgf000020_0001
10、如权利要求 1所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 所述高空间位阻结构单元 B具有式 (7)所示的结构:
式 (7)
式 (7)中, G的定义如权利要求 3所述; R7和 的定义如上述式 (4)中所述; X 和 y分别表示该结构单元在整个两亲高分子所有重复单元中所占的摩尔百分数; X 为 0.02-2mol%; y为 0.05-5mol%。
11、如权利要求 4所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: R1()与 Rn组成的结构可选 自 -0(CH2)gN+(CH3)2(CH2)hCH3X、 - H(CH2)iN+(CH3)2(CH2)jCH3X、
-0(CH2)kN+((CH2)pCH3)3X
-0(CH2)qN+(CH3)2(CH2)aCH(S03H)CH2(EO)p(PO (CH2)sCH3X、
- H(CH2)qN+(CH3)2(CH2)aCH(S03H)CH2(EO)p(PO (CH2)sCH3X、
-0(CH2)qN+(CH3)2(CH2)aCH(COOH)CH2(EO)p(PO)Y(CH2)sCH3X
- H(CH2)qN+(CH3)2(CH2)aCH(COOH)CH2(EO)p(PO)Y(CH2)sCH3X 、
-0(CH2)2N+(CH3)2(CH2)eS03 -(OCH(CH2N+(CH3)2(CH2)?CH3Cr)CH2)110(CH2)eCH3 -(OCH(CH2N+((CH2 CH3)3Cr)CH2XO(CH2)KCH3、 -OCH(CH2N+(CH3)2(CH2)rCH3X ))2
-OCH(CH2N+((CH2)sCH3)3X ))2
其中, g、 i、 k、 q分别为 1-6的整数; h、 j分别为 3-21的整数; p为 3-9的整 数; a为 1-12的整数; β、 γ分别为 0-40的整数; δ为 0-21的整数; ε为 4-18的整 数; ζ为 1-21的整数; η、 I分别为 1-30的整数; θ、 κ分别为 3-21的整数; λ为 0-9 的整数; r为 3-21的整数; s为 3-9的整数; X—为 C1—或 Br―。
12、如权利要求 1所述的两亲高分子,其特征在于:所述两亲高分子具有式(9) 所示的结构:
Figure imgf000020_0002
式 (9)
式 (9)中, R4选自 H或甲基; m和 n表示该结构单元在整个两亲高分子所有重 复单元中所占的摩尔百分数; m为 70-99mol%; n为 l-30mol% ; G、 R7、 R8、 x和 y 的定义如上述式 (7)所述; R9为 H或甲基, R1Q为 -0-或 -NH-; Rn为含有直链烃基、 支链烃基、 聚氧乙烯基 (PEO) 、 聚氧丙烯基 (PPO)、 PEO与 PPO嵌段、 单季铵盐、 多季铵盐或磺酸及其盐的基团; z表示该结构单元在整个两亲高分子所有重复单元 中所占的摩尔百分数, z为 0.05-10mol%。
13、 如权 -(X)化合物:
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000021_0002
Figure imgf000021_0003
Figure imgf000022_0001
(IV)
Figure imgf000022_0002
Figure imgf000022_0003
(VI)
Figure imgf000023_0001
Figure imgf000023_0002
VIII)
Figure imgf000023_0003
Figure imgf000024_0001
(X)
14、 如权利要求 1-13任一项所述的两亲高分子, 其特征在于: 分子量为 100 万 -2000万之间。
15、 权利要求 1-14任一项所述的两亲高分子的用途, 其特征在于: 用于油田 钻井、 固井、 压裂、 原油集输、 污水处理、 污泥处理和造纸, 或用作强化采油驱油 剂、稠油降粘剂、压裂液、粘土稳定剂、 污水处理剂、造纸用助留助滤剂或补强剂。
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